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Tytuł:
Czy metaforyzacja języka zmienia myślenie o współczesnej szkole? Recenzja pracy zbiorowej Twierdza. Szkoła w metaforze militarnej. Co w zamian? Redakcja naukowa: Maria Dudzikowa, Sylwia Jaskulska, Warszawa: Wolter Kluwers 2016, ss. 501
Does language metaphorization change the thinking of contemporary school?Review of the collective work ed. by Maria Dudzikowa, Sylwia Jaskulska, Fortress. School in a military metaphor. What in exchange?, Warsaw: Wolter Kluwers 2016, pp. 501
Autorzy:
Wróbel, Alina
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/962552.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet w Białymstoku. Wydział Pedagogiki i Psychologii
Tematy:
school culture
metaphor
military metaphor
language metaphor
kultura szkoły
metafora
metafora militarna
metaforyzacja języka
Opis:
W 2016 roku, w Wydawnictwie Wolters Kluwer, opublikowano monografię zbiorową pt. Twierdza. Szkoła w metaforze militarnej. Co w zamian?, pod redakcją naukową Marii Dudzikowej i Sylwii Jaskulskiej. Praca otwiera nową serię publikacji pedagogicznych, noszącą tytuł „Kultura Szkoły”. Naukowo serię redagują Maria Dudzikowa i Ewa Bochno. W recenzowanej pracy wydzielono cztery merytorycznie uzasadnione części, w których zamieszczone zostały teksty rekonstruujące działanie szkoły z zastosowaniem metafory militarnej. Badane zjawiska zinterpretowane zostały w kontekście zależności, jaka istnieje między strategią (część druga niniejszej pracy), taktykami (część trzecia publikacji) a wybranymi przykładami działania (część czwarta), w tym przypadku realizowanego w przestrzeni szkoły. Na szczególną uwagę zasługuje interdyscyplinarna perspektywa teoretyczna, do której odnoszą się autorzy tekstów zamieszczonych w tej pracy.
In 2016 Wolters Kluwer Publishing House published a collective monograph entitled Fortress. School in a military metaphor. What in exchange?, edited by Maria Dudzikowa, Sylwia Jaskulska. The work opens a new series of pedagogical publications entitled “School Culture” edited by Maria Dudzikowa and Ewa Bochno. In the reviewed paper, four substantively justified parts have been distinguished, which included texts reconstructing school operation using a military metaphor. The studied phenomena were interpreted in the context of the relationship between the strategy (the second part of this paper), the tactics (the third part of the publication) and the selected examples of activity (part four), in this case implemented in the school space. The authors of the text paid particular attention to an interdisciplinary theoretical perspective.
Źródło:
Parezja. Czasopismo Forum Młodych Pedagogów przy Komitecie Nauk Pedagogicznych PAN; 2017, 1
2353-7914
Pojawia się w:
Parezja. Czasopismo Forum Młodych Pedagogów przy Komitecie Nauk Pedagogicznych PAN
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Mowa figuryczna. Stanisław Kostka Potocki o tropach i figurach retorycznych
Autorzy:
Ryczek, Wojciech
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/636495.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Jagielloński. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego
Tematy:
the Enlightenment, rhetoric, elocutio, tropes, rhetorical figures, figurative language, metaphor, Staniław Kostka Potocki, style
Opis:
Figurative language. Stanisław Kostka Potocki on tropes and rhetorical figures In this paper, the author presents a critical edition of three chapters on rhetorical de-vices excerpted from the treatise O wymowie i stylu (On Eloquence and Style, Warsaw 1815) written by Stanisław Kostka Potocki (1755–1821), an enlightened man of letters. He begins with a brief introduction to a reading of Potocki’s text on some figurative uses of language. The author explains the circumstances in which Potocki wrote his rhetorical manual (the request of the Warsaw Society of Friends of Learning) and discusses its most important sources, both classic (Aristotle’s On Rhetoric, Cicero’s On the Ideal Orator, Quintilian’s Institutions of Oratory) and modern (César Chesneau Dumarsais’ Traité des Tropes, Paris 1730, Hugh Blair’s Lectures on Rhetoric and Belles Lettres, Dublin, Edinburgh 1783). With a few explanatory remarks on the three chapters presenting the nature of figurative language (in particular metaphor, personification, hyperbole and apostrophe) the author examines the connection between the rhetorical considerations on style and the Enlightenment philosophy of language. According to Stanisław Kostka Potocki, the tropes and rhetorical figures, being almost natural expressions of emotions, passions and imagination, should be regarded as the primordial origin of the human language. Thus the Enlightenment, the triumph of analytical (‘pure’) reason over imagination tinged with emotionality, is a period when authors intentionally limited the use of figurative language (although never totally rejected it) in order to reach the simplicity of the linguistic expression.
Źródło:
Terminus; 2014, 16, 2(31)
2084-3844
Pojawia się w:
Terminus
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ein Beitrag zur Metapher in der Rechtssprache. Am Beispiel „Juristische Person“
Autorzy:
Szubert, Rafał
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/700333.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Germanistów Polskich
Tematy:
language of law, metaphor, legal person, term, meaning
Opis:
In my article, I present the person metaphor as the constitutive term for the theory of artificial persons. We have been dealing with various manners of reading the nature of the legal person, and consequently of law in general, especially private law (Privatrecht), since Roman times to this day. The point of departure for my deliberations, in which I try to demonstrate the nature of metaphorical expressions used in building legal theories, is a statement by Paul Kirchhof, who demanded that metaphorical expressions be eradicated from positive (statutory) law. In my article, I ask whether the demand can also be applied to theoretical deliberations of lawyers on the nature of law. Based on examples from legal discussions on the nature of the legal person, I formulate the claim that Paul Kirchhof’s demand should be applied only to positive law texts. Metaphorical expressions have no raison d’être in such texts, especially if they are meant to serve as terms. A different situation occurs where a metaphorical expression is the basis for building a legal system and relations among its components. At this phase of developing law, metaphorical expressions give rise to similarities on which its functions depend. Therefore, at the stage of structuring the meanings of legal terms, corresponding to the vagueness of the metaphor are the important processes of defining and then using legal terms.
Źródło:
Zeitschrift des Verbandes Polnischer Germanisten; 2015, 4, 2
2353-656X
2353-4893
Pojawia się w:
Zeitschrift des Verbandes Polnischer Germanisten
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Rozumienie metafor z nazwą zwierzęcia w nośniku – perspektywa rozwojowa
Autorzy:
Dryll, Ewa
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/637305.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Jagielloński. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego
Tematy:
language acquisition, semantic field of metaphor, metaphor
Opis:
Understanding metaphors with vehicles from the animal domain – a developmental perspective The aim of the presented empirical study was to explore the development of metaphor understanding in children. The results of the study were to reveal the way the mind organises information belonging to different fields of knowledge. The study followed a quasi-experimental design. The subjects were 77 children from three age groups: 5;6–6;0, 8;0–8;6, 9;6–10;0. The dependent variable was the level of comprehension of metaphors with vehicles from the animal domain, but connoting human attributes. The variable was measured through individual Piagetian interviews. The study proper was preceded by a pilot study on 24 adults. The data collected were analysed with the help of raters. The study confirmed the hypothesis that the ability to activate metaphorical thinking increases with age, however the increase is not linear. Older children assigned more human dispositional traits, thoughts and preferences to the objects of metaphors. Younger ones often focused on the physical features of animals. With age, the tendency to give positive evaluations to the objects of metaphors increases, while the number of digressions decreases. The development of the understanding of conventional metaphors may take a different course than the development of the understanding of creative ones. The most distinct changes in the ability of understanding metaphors concerning humans appear at the age of eight.
Źródło:
Psychologia Rozwojowa; 2009, 14, 2
1895-6297
2084-3879
Pojawia się w:
Psychologia Rozwojowa
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Metafory w czeskich przekładach wierszy Bolesława Leśmiana. Ujęcie porównawcze
Metaphors in the translations of Boesław Leśmian’s poems into Czech language. A comparative approach
Autorzy:
Supeł, Magdalena
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/28409301.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Associazione Italiana Polonisti (AIP)
Tematy:
Translation
Metaphor
Czech language
Leśmian
Opis:
This article attempts to characterize the way four translators, who dealt with the work of the Polish poet, translated his metaphors into Czech. A comparative analysis of the solutions adopted by Vlasta Dvořáčková, Iveta Mikešova, Jan Pilař and František Kvapil shows how important rhyme and rhythm are in Leśmian’s works and how translational decisions influence the semantic layer of a poem in the target language. For the analysis of metaphorical expressions, I use the theory of concept metaphor introduced by George Lakoff and Mark Johnson in Metaphors we live by.
Źródło:
pl.it / rassegna italiana di argomenti polacchi; 2017, 8; 95-113
2384-9266
Pojawia się w:
pl.it / rassegna italiana di argomenti polacchi
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Metaphors and Legal Language: a Few Comments on Ordinary, Specialised and Legal Meaning
Autorzy:
Wojtczak, Sylwia
Witczak-Plisiecka, Iwona
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1026698.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-09-30
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
legal language
metaphor
law
LSP
Opis:
The present text offers a few comments on the metaphorical dimension of legal language and the nature of legal language as such. The authors discuss selected metaphors in the context of the Polish legislation with the aim to show how the metaphorical dimension of language can be used and abused. It is also demonstrated that the metaphorical dimension of language can cross-cut the interface between language and law on different levels. There are metaphors in legal texts that can be deliberately used to emphasise or cover selected aspects of meaning, and others that can just happen to act irrespective of any premeditated action on the part of the legislator. Finally, in a wider perspective, it is shown that the relation between ordinary language and the language of the law, i.e. ordinary meaning and legal meaning, may itself be seen as a relation between two domains within which metaphorical mapping takes place. It is claimed that the divide between the realm of law and the “real world” goes beyond a trivial division relative to expertise in the law and expertise in legal discourse, but can be better understood as the division between the legal community and the non-legal community including the academia where linguists reside.
Źródło:
Research in Language; 2019, 17, 3; 273-295
1731-7533
Pojawia się w:
Research in Language
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
De la métaphore dans la langue informatique
On metaphor in the language of information science
Autorzy:
Pirogowska, Ewa
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1053106.pdf
Data publikacji:
2003-10-01
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
Language of information science
Metaphor
Opis:
The French of information science is a variant of a lively general language submitted to constant changes. In order to bring closer, better understand and get acqainted with the technical terms either names of equipment, programmes, or situations peculiar to computer reality, the user refers to everyday life (e.g. passerelle, English gateway; souris, English mouse) or to universal or mythological concepts (e.g. argonautes - internautes) thanks to the phenomenon of metaphor. It sometimes happens that the original concept, which served as a basis for the creation of a metaphor, is obliterated memory and computer users apply a new term being unaware of its origin. Just in this way during metaphoric operations totally new words are formed and they influence the specific character of the language of information science.
Źródło:
Studia Romanica Posnaniensia; 2003, 30; 131-141
0137-2475
2084-4158
Pojawia się w:
Studia Romanica Posnaniensia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Portrayal of the COVID-19 Pandemic in the Media
Autorzy:
Bryła, Władysława
Bryła-Cruz, Agnieszka
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/35184219.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
pandemic
coronavirus
metaphor
language
media
Opis:
The aim of the paper is to present and discuss the portrayal of the COVID-19 pandemic in the media. Our primary focus is on Polish press articles, supplemented by occasional references to international sources. The analysis reveals that, much like in previous pandemics, the media narrative around COVID-19 is heavily metaphorical, aiming to simplify the understanding of this unfamiliar event. The most common metaphors involve war and battle, which have sparked controversy and significant criticism for their militaristic connotations. Our paper also examines alternative representations of the pandemic, such as natural disasters (with the fire metaphor being particularly apt), sports (including football, mountain climbing, and marathons), and other innovative comparisons (comparing the pandemic to an animal, driving a car, etc.).
Źródło:
Poznańskie Studia Polonistyczne. Seria Językoznawcza; 2023, 30, 2; 9-27
1233-8672
2450-4939
Pojawia się w:
Poznańskie Studia Polonistyczne. Seria Językoznawcza
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Conceptualisations of anger in English idioms. An analysis based on the extended conceptual metaphor theory
Autorzy:
Dobiášová, Sarah
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2048748.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-12-23
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Przyrodniczo-Humanistyczny w Siedlcach
Tematy:
figurative language
idioms
motivation
Conceptual Metaphor Theory
Extended Conceptual Metaphor Theory
metaphor
metonymy
Opis:
The article combines the approach to idiom classification according to Langlotz (2006) and the recently suggested analytical framework for figurative language analysis known under the name of the Extended Conceptual Metaphorical Theory (Kovecses 2020). The aim of the article is to identify some of the conceptual pathways of ANGER idioms in English. The analysis of 37 idioms for expressing ANGER revealed that both metaphorical (e.g. go through/hit the root) and metonymic (e.g. make someone's hackles rise) motivations play a crucial role in the transparency of the idiomatic meaning. It was also concluded that three image schemas in particular play a crucial role in metaphorical idioms for expressing the concept of ANGER in English: ACTIVITY IS MOTIO N, INTENSITY OF ACTIVITY IS HEAT and ANGER IS HEAT. However, contrary to the HEAT element, which is particularly salient in linguistic metaphors for expressing ANGER (e.g. kindle the wrath), it is the MOTION element which plays the crucial role in the conceptualizations of ANGER in idioms in English (e.g. go through/hit the roof, flip the lid, fly off the handle).
Źródło:
Forum for Contemporary Issues in Language and Literature; 2021, 2; 19-35
2391-9426
Pojawia się w:
Forum for Contemporary Issues in Language and Literature
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Didactic potential of metaphors used in medical discourse
Autorzy:
Karska, Katarzyna
Prażmo, Ewelina
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1040230.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017-12-30
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II
Tematy:
specialist language
conceptual metaphor
didactics
medicine
Opis:
Specialist languages should be straightforward and unambiguous. In areas such as law, business or medicine precision and to-the-point wording is required. However, in order to facilitate the description of complicated matters, and especially in expert to non-expert communication, unexpected strategies, e.g. metaphorisation, are used. Conceptual metaphor theory, as initially introduced by Lakoff and Johnson (cf. Lakoff & Johnson, 1980) states that human beings tend to think in metaphors, i.e. we are engaged in constant search of similarities between concepts. This drive for pattern recognition helps us understand the unknown in terms of the familiar, the abstract in terms of the concrete. Most conceptual metaphors are grounded in our physical experience of the world, which means that we draw from this familiar experience while creating metaphorical mappings to the complex, abstract concepts. Controversial as it may seem, the same process applies to understanding professional terms and scientific notions, and as a result the language of law, business, medicine, etc. is heavily metaphorical in nature. In our presentation we focus on medicine alone and analyse a corpus of medical text in search of conceptual metaphors. We claim, that rather than obscuring the message, metaphors actually make it clearer and more precise. They enrich conceptualisation, structure the semantics of the message and serve a number of pragmatic functions, esp. in doctor to patient communication. By choosing a certain metaphor, the message may e.g. be softened in order to lessen the impact it has on the recipient. Moreover, it may be more easily understood if it is built on an adequate conceptual metaphor. Many metaphors used in the medical discourse are based on multimodal representations e.g. descriptions of diseases often invoke the imagery of food including its shape, colour, texture, and smell. Such multimodality of representation (cf. Forceville, 2009 and online) engages a number of cognitive faculties for the construction of a complex conceptualisation and in this way helps us gain better understanding of the concepts described. We claim that conceptual metaphor and esp. pictorial metaphor is a very effective tool used in didactics and its use is perfectly justified in scientific discourses, including the medical discourse. Therefore, in our presentation we analyse pictorial metaphors found in medical discourse and in the field of radiology in particular.
Źródło:
Linguistics Beyond and Within; 2017, 3; 102-116
2450-5188
Pojawia się w:
Linguistics Beyond and Within
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Hindi, Polish and translation. Faces of language contact in the contemporary English
Autorzy:
Kuźniak, Marek
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2050908.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
language contact
metaphor
cognitive linguistics
translation
Opis:
This paper has two parts to it. The fi rst part is about the presence and possible impact of Hindi and Polish as foreign words in the contemporary English language. This is measured via the proposed tool of CRAC (Cumulative Average Relative Count). The research is done on the basis of the British National Corpus (2001, 2007) and Longman Pronunciation Dictionary (2004, 2009). The focus is laid on the overriding heuristic metaphor LANGUAGE LAWS are PHYSICAL LAWS, where laws of lexical assimilation are viewed as analogous to physical laws of gravity. The second part marks the transition from a theoretical-descriptive perspective into a more practical, intercultural dimension. It is about translation of foreign proper names from the viewpoint of legal (certified) translation. This is a significant issue as many foreign words are actually proper names in English. This part relates then to specific controversies and proposed solutions concerning translation of Polish and Hindi proper foreign names in view of the presence and absence of their diacritic forms in English. The framework for adoption of the argument are institutionally established standards of certified translation practice in Poland.
Źródło:
Linguistica Silesiana; 2018, 39; 267-285
0208-4228
Pojawia się w:
Linguistica Silesiana
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
METAFORA POETYCKA W CYKLU WIERSZY INNY LISNIANSKIEJ НЕБЕСНЫЕ CТРОПЫ
Poetical Metaphor in the Inna Lisnianskaya’s Cycle of Poems Nebesnye stropy
Autorzy:
Nikadem-Malinowska, Ewa
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/445080.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013-06-01
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie
Tematy:
Lisnianskaya
poetry
language
cognitive analysis
metaphor
Opis:
The classical definition of metaphor by Aristotle, though imperfect, survived many centuries. However, in 1980 the book of Mark Johnson and George Lakoff, Metaphors We Live By, has changed the view of metaphor and its role in the communication and poetics. One-shot metaphor, in the terminology of Lakoff, is a metaphor for single use which most often relates to the language of poetry. Poetry as a discourse is inherently subjective and highly creative and therefore, without any restrictions, may represent unique and surprising images, that are unusual in the everyday communication. In the cycle of poems Небесные стропы by Inna Lisnianskaya we are dealing with a creative combination of two metaphors LIFE IS A JOURNEY and MOVEMENT IS A CHANGE, where Lisnianskaya also used the picture of the angels hanging on the ropes in order to depict a man struggling with a number of cultural and emotional dependences.
Źródło:
Acta Neophilologica; 2013, XV/1; 291-297
1509-1619
Pojawia się w:
Acta Neophilologica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Język figuratywny w przestrzeni edukacyjnej
Autorzy:
Sala-Suszyńska, Justyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2157868.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Instytut Studiów Międzynarodowych i Edukacji Humanum
Tematy:
figurative language
metaphor
proverb
idiom
education
Opis:
Figurative language has been the subject of interdisciplinary research for ages. It is considered by philosophers, linguists, as well as psychologists and pedagogues. The forms of figurative languages include for example., metaphors, proverbs, phrasemes and oxymorons. The metaphoric language is deeply in human’ experience and it is used unconsciously in everyday situations. Lakoff and Johnson (1988) stress that metaphors are a showcase for man: “Show me your metaphors, and I tell you who you are”. This quote very well highlights the omnipresence of the metaphorical language in human life. The article discusses the notion of figurative language and its forms. Moreover, the subject of the description is three the most popular forms of metaphorical language: metaphor, proverb and phraseological. In addition, the problem of figurative language in school education is emphasized at every level of education.
Źródło:
Społeczeństwo i Edukacja. Międzynarodowe Studia Humanistyczne; 2017, 2(25); 147-154
1898-0171
Pojawia się w:
Społeczeństwo i Edukacja. Międzynarodowe Studia Humanistyczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Funkcja semantyczna terminów w postmodernistycznym paradygmacie nauk humanistycznych – szkic problemowy
Semantic Function of Terms of the Humanities Sciences: An Outline of Issues
Autorzy:
Woźniak-Wrzesińska, Ewelina
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2015081.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Komisja Nauk Filologicznych Polskiej Akademii Nauk, Oddział we Wrocławiu
Tematy:
term
meaning
metaphor
language of science
Opis:
The aim of the article is to consider the meaning (description of semantic function) of terms in the humanities sciences. The author assumes that the terms in scientific texts in the field of humanities should be considered differently from those in natural sciences, and this is primarily due to the specificity of the object of research, which is dealt with by humanists. In the central part of the argument, the characteristics of humanities are presented in relation to the subject of its research, then the characteristics of the term referring to such, and not another, object of research. The author concludes that in the process of searching for the meaning of terms of the humanities sciences, one should first of all refer to the tradition in which the term exists. It turns out that the meaning of the term is not related to its denotation.
Źródło:
Academic Journal of Modern Philology; 2021, 13; 347-358
2299-7164
2353-3218
Pojawia się w:
Academic Journal of Modern Philology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
EFL learners metaphors and images about foreign language learning
Autorzy:
Farjami, Hadi
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/780427.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012-03
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
conceptual metaphor
learners' images
language learners' metaphors
learners' beliefs
metaphor analysis
Opis:
In this paper, I will argue that awareness of images and metaphors held by foreign language learners about the nature of the target language and its learning can be of substantial value and provide teaching practitioners with useful insights about how to deal with various language learning problems. To elicit images which learners hold about foreign language learning, a questionnaire was given to 350 learners of English in different places in Iran. The questionnaire asked the respondents to provide images about learning a foreign language by using a sentence completion task: “Learning a foreign language is like . . .” The responses gained in 200 questionnaires were content-analyzed and the identified images and metaphors were summarized under more broad-ranging categories. The information that the metaphors and the resulting metaphorical categories provide and the theoretical interpretations which can plausibly be made are discussed in some detail and put in a cognitive-psychological perspective.
Źródło:
Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching; 2012, 2, 1; 93-109
2083-5205
2084-1965
Pojawia się w:
Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
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