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Tytuł:
Ruczaj i *ręczaj w słownictwie i nazewnictwie polskim. Próba nowego spojrzenia z perspektywy słowiańskiej
Ruczaj and *ręczaj in the Polish vocabulary and onomastics. Attempt at a new look from the perspective of Slavic
Autorzy:
Babik, Zbigniew
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/26731713.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023-12-30
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Komisji Edukacji Narodowej w Krakowie
Tematy:
leksyka hydrograficzna
białorutenizmy
toponomastyka
hydrographic lexis
Byelorussian loanwords
toponomastics
Opis:
Onomastic data entitle to believe that Old Polish inherited from Common Slavic two variants of a term for ‘(small) stream’, namely, *ręczaj < *rǫčajь and *ruczaj < *ručajь. Both seem attested only by proper names (15th–20th centuries), the former primarily by four toponyms in southern Mazovia (Ręczaje 3x and Zręczaje), while the latter left traces in the toponymy of Central Poland and of the southern part of Greater Poland. None of them has been confirmed lexically in the „native” Polish dialects of the 20th century. Starting from the 17th century, texts of some authors rooted in the North‑Eastern periphery of Middle Polish (Lithuania, Byelorussia) attest a term ruczåj -aju ‘stream’, which is to be regarded as a loan from Old Byelorussian. One is inclined to connect its subsequent penetration, as a poetical word, into the literary Polish (the late 19th century) with its multiple occurrences in key instances of poetry by Adam Mickiewicz, the most outstanding writer of the Polish Romanticism, whose roots lay precisely in the Byelorussian ethnic territory. In the historical Slavic languages we find reflexes of the related variants *rǫčajь, *ručajь, *ručьjь (and *rǫčьjь?) and probably *(ne)rǫčь (~ *(ne)ručь?), the latter presumably constituting a starting point for the former four. A reliable reconstruction of the primary form together with its true etymological cognates seems, however, very difficult, if not impossible at all.
Źródło:
Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis. Studia Linguistica; 2023, 18; 15-34
2083-1765
Pojawia się w:
Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis. Studia Linguistica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Hydrographic changes in the area of the Terespol Fortification caused by the construction and operation of the Brest Fortress
Autorzy:
Mięsiak-Wójcik, Katarzyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2048594.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Instytut Technologiczno-Przyrodniczy
Tematy:
Brest Fortress
drainage works
human impact
hydrographic changes
Terespol Fortification
Opis:
The paper concerns the transformation of water resources induced by the construction and functioning of the Brest Fortress defence structure and presents the current water resources resulting from these changes. The study was conducted by analysing historical materials: maps, plans and written documents. Hydrographic changes were analysed for five study periods covering almost 200 years, from 1823, presenting the hydrographic network before the construction of fortifications, up to 2018, when most of these structures ceased or were repurposed. Hydrographic changes were analysed in detail for the area of the Terespol Fortification. The analysis revealed that almost 80% of the wetland area had disappeared after intensive drainage works, and several dozen originally small and isolated areas had been incorporated into a vast drainage network. One of the consequences of these activities was the creation of significantly transformed artificial catchments within the study area.
Źródło:
Journal of Water and Land Development; 2021, 51; 62-71
1429-7426
2083-4535
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Water and Land Development
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ships’ routes to Polish Ports of the Gulf of Gdańsk
Autorzy:
Wawruch, R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2063976.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Morski w Gdyni. Wydział Nawigacyjny
Tematy:
Safety at Sea
Ships' Routes
Gulf of Gdansk
Baltic Ship Monitoring System
Baltic Sea Hydrographic Commission
Polish Maritime Administration
Automatic Identification System
Polish Ports
Opis:
The paper discusses ships’ routes to Polish ports in the Gulf of Gdańsk determined on the basis of data obtained from the Baltic Ship Monitoring System by means of AIS coast stations and defined by the Baltic Sea Hydrographic Commission (BSHC). The measures to regulate maritime traffic implemented by the Polish maritime administration in order to reduce the identified risk of groundings and ship collisions are presented, as well as the author's opinion on their effectiveness.
Źródło:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation; 2021, 15, 3; 583--590
2083-6473
2083-6481
Pojawia się w:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Analysis of Crowdsourced Bathymetry Concept and Its Potential Implications on Safety of Navigation
Autorzy:
Pavić, I.
Mišković, J.
Alujević, D.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1841593.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Morski w Gdyni. Wydział Nawigacyjny
Tematy:
safety of navigation
crowdsourced bathymetry
bathymetry
International Hydrographic Organization
CSB Concept
digital bathymetry
general bathymetric chart of the oceans
multibeam echosounders
Opis:
Crowdsourced bathymetry (CSB) is relatively new concept of collecting bathymetric data. CSB can be defined as the collection and sharing of depth data (and metadata) measured and collected by non-traditional survey vessels equipped with navigation instruments, while maintaining their usual operations at sea. International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) has developed Guidance on CSB. This document provides framework for data collection, processing and information about data uncertainty. IHO has also developed model within CSB concept in order to make standardization of CSB data. The data collected using CSB may represent valuable supplement to the existing data collected by hydrographic survey. Despite this fact it is necessary to emphasize that CSB data cannot be used as official data. CSB data collection has also potential legal issues due to the character of sounding passage within territorial and internal waters of coastal states. This paper emphasized the differences between hydrographic survey and CSB. Advantages and disadvantages are analyzed with it's potential implication on safety of navigation. Due to the CSB data collection model limitations, development of bathymetric data collection model on national level is recommended.
Źródło:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation; 2020, 14, 3; 681-686
2083-6473
2083-6481
Pojawia się w:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Increases in the temperature and salinity of deep and intermediate waters in the West Spitsbergen Current region in 1997–2016
Autorzy:
Merchel, M.
Walczowski, W.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2079090.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Oceanologii PAN
Tematy:
climate change
deep water
temperature
salinity
intermediate water
West Spitsbergen current
hydrographic data
Opis:
This study investigated the temporal variability in the basic physical properties of deep and intermediate waters in the West Spitsbergen Current region at 76°30’N latitude from 1997 to 2016. Emphasis was placed on quantifying the changes in temperature and salinity and determining the potential drivers of these changes. Hydrographic data were obtained during annual summer cruises aboard the r/v Oceania in the Nordic Seas. The increase in the water temperature, which was especially strong in the western part of the investigated section, was associated with considerable changes in the water layers salinity. The temperature and salinity of the intermediate water increased much faster (0.021°C yr−1 and 0.0022 yr−1, respectively) than those of the deep water (0.009°C yr−1 and 0.0004 yr−1, respectively). The warming rate in the upper 2000 m was also higher than the mean warming rate of the global ocean. The source of the deep water temperature and salinity increases was the deep water inflow from the Arctic Ocean into the Greenland Sea. In contrast, the increase in these properties in the intermediate water was associated with the advection of warmer and more saline Atlantic Water from the North Atlantic to the Nordic Seas.
Źródło:
Oceanologia; 2020, 62, 4PA; 501-510
0078-3234
Pojawia się w:
Oceanologia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Low cost artificial recreational coastal lagoon: Hydrographic, and design guidelines in development resorts
Autorzy:
El Gohary, Rasha I.M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/292628.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Instytut Technologiczno-Przyrodniczy
Tematy:
artificial recreational coastal lagoon
hydrographic survey
mathematical model
production and injection wells
water quality modelling
Opis:
The objective of the research is to find low cost alternative for conventional recreational lagoons that consume water and energy used for desalination which is the only alternative for water treatment in most touristic villages all over the world. The study uses low cost recreational lagoon with new technology that use brackish water from deep wells and purify this water before entering the lagoon by controlled pulses and energyefficient ultrasound filtration. This allows to maintain the water within predefined parameters, guaranteeing standardized water quality in all lagoons. The research introduces the lagoon new technology and its low cost design including feeding and drainage wells, second, the hydrographic surveying for the coastline in the study area, third water quality modelling for the production and injection wells, fourth, use SOBEK 1-2 Mathematical Model for determine the water depth and perspective water volume for the designed lagoon. The aim of this model: Determine the relation between the water depth and the water volume for the canal and the lakes. Second, calculate the evaporation rate from the surface, Determine the number and capacity of the water wells needed to fill the canal and the lakes, and Find out the relationship between the discharge and the time needed to circulate the water in the canal and the lakes to keep their water quality. The results of the measurements from the observation well prove that the optimal discharge per each well is 0.022 m3·s–1. The construction of suggested new green technology lagoon are very low cost, completely environmentally friendly, in addition fulfils the highest standards of environmental safety.
Źródło:
Journal of Water and Land Development; 2020, 46; 45-59
1429-7426
2083-4535
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Water and Land Development
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Unravelling the spatio-temporal variation of zooplankton community from the river Matla in the Sundarbans Estuarine System, India
Autorzy:
Nandy, T.
Mandal, S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2079187.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Oceanologii PAN
Tematy:
zooplankton
Copepoda
bioindicator
spatio-temporal variability
ecosystem functioning
seasonal fluctuation
estuarine water
Indian Sundarban
hydrographic change
Opis:
Zooplankton is an important bioindicator of ecosystem functioning. Knowledge of the seasonal fluctuation in the zooplankton population in estuarine waters of the Indian Sundarbans is rather limited. In the present study, we analysed the community structure of zooplankton assemblages and their spatio-temporal variations based on different multivariate statistics and indicator value analysis. A total of 56 taxa were identified and the density was primarily dominated by planktonic copepods and few meroplankton communities during four sampling seasons. The most abundant species were: Acartia spinicauda, Acartia sp., Bestiolina similis, Euterpina acutifrons, Labidocera acuta, Paracalanus aculeatus, Paracalanus parvus and Paracalanus indicus. Canonical Correspondence Analysis highlighted that temperature, pH, DO, salinity and nutrients were the prevailing environmental parameters associated with significant spatio-temporal changes of zooplankton distribution in this area. The highest abundance of zooplankton was recorded in winter, followed by monsoon, summer and spring. Throughout the study period, different zooplankton indices were observed in good condition. Seasonal occurrence of dominant zooplankton with high IndVal index was markedly observed and it might be used as a potential bioindicator for a particular season and environmental condition in this estuarine complex. The results of this study provide evidence for the presence of warm water species in the estuarine waters of the Indian Sundarbans and can be a clear indication of climate change-mediated elevated temperature in the estuarine system. Our results underscore the high diversity of zooplankton from mangrove dominated estuarine complex and emphasize the need for long-term monitoring in ecologically fragile ecosystems like the Sundarbans Estuarine System.
Źródło:
Oceanologia; 2020, 62, 3; 326-346
0078-3234
Pojawia się w:
Oceanologia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Annual cycle of phytoplankton community through the water column: Study applied to the implementation of bivalve offshore aquaculture in the Southeastern Bay of Biscay
Autorzy:
Muniz, O.
Revilla, M.
Rodriguez, J.G.
Laza-Martinez, A.
Fontan, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/47941.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Oceanologii PAN
Tematy:
phytoplankton community
water column
open water
bivalve
biomass
chlorophyll a
nutrient
hydrographic condition
environmental variability
Biscay Bay
Źródło:
Oceanologia; 2019, 61, 1
0078-3234
Pojawia się w:
Oceanologia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Mineral nitrogen content in hydrographic areas of Poland depending on land use
Autorzy:
Watros, A.
Lipińska, H.
Lipiński, W.
Tkaczyk, P.
Krzyszczak, J.
Baranowski, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2082611.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Agrofizyki PAN
Tematy:
nitrogen
spatial distribution
hydrographic areas
land use
grassland
Opis:
One unintended consequence of nitrogen use in agriculture is an increase in nitrate content in ground waters. Nitrogen content was evaluated in soil samples from specific hydrographic regions of Poland from the 60-90 cm soil layer, in which this nutrient is not readily available to the main root mass of crop plants and may negatively affect the environment. It was revealed that Nmin content in specific hydrographic regions was highly dependent on both the soil type and land use. Notably higher values of Nmin content were observed for organic soils. The highest N contents were found in the grasslands of the northwestern area of Poland, while they were slightly lower in several regions of the main Odra River catchment and west of the Vistula River. The area with a high Nmin content in soils under maize was significantly larger compared to the grasslands area and primarily included the hydrographic regions of the Odra River basin in its south-western stretch, and of the Vistula River on its western and south-eastern side. With regard to the arable land under mixed cereals, the soils with the highest Nmin content in the non-root layer were predominantly located in hydrographic regions belonging to the main Odra catchment and to the catchment of the Vistula River in its upper course.
Źródło:
International Agrophysics; 2019, 33, 4; 481-491
0236-8722
Pojawia się w:
International Agrophysics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Rola wód powierzchniowych w rozwoju Lublina
Autorzy:
Kociuba, Dagmara
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/763162.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej
Tematy:
surface water, changes of hydrographic network, river network reconstruction, changes of river valleys functions, city development, Lublin, Poland
wody powierzchniowe, zmiany sieci hydrograficznej, rekonstrukcja sieci rzecznej, zmiany funkcji dolin rzecznych, rozwój miasta, Lublin, Polska
Opis:
The article aims to present the transformation of the river network in Lublin and its role in the development of the city from the Middle Ages to the present. The natural and anthropogenic transformations of the hydrographic network and changes in water conditions (regime) in the bottoms of the Lublin River valleys in the aspect of their impact on the spatial and socio-economic development of Lublin were studied. Detailed analyses were conducted for the five main periods of city development, i.e. 1) pre-chartered, 2) flourish, 3) collapse, 4) moderate, and 5) dynamic development. Changes in the hydrographic network and water regime were reconstructed and changes in the function of river valleys were analysed. In addition, periods in which surface waters have had a positive and negative impact on the city’s development have been demonstrated.
Artykuł ma na celu przedstawienie transformacji sieci rzecznej na obszarze Lublina i jej roli w rozwoju miasta od średniowiecza do współczesności. Analizie poddano naturalne i antropogeniczne przekształcenia sieci hydrograficznej, a także zmiany stosunków wodnych w dnach dolin rzek lubelskich w aspekcie ich wpływu na rozwój przestrzenny i społeczno-gospodarczy Lublina. Analizy szczegółowe prowadzono dla pięciu głównych okresów rozwoju miasta, tj. 1) przedlokacyjnego, 2) rozkwitu, 3) upadku, 4) umiarkowanego oraz 5) dynamicznego rozwoju. W pracy zrekonstruowano zmiany sieci hydrograficznej i stosunków wodnych oraz przeanalizowano zmiany funkcji dolin rzecznych. Ponadto wykazano okresy, w których wody powierzchniowe miały pozytywny oraz negatywny wpływ na rozwój miasta.
Źródło:
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Sklodowska, sectio B – Geographia, Geologia, Mineralogia et Petrographia; 2019, 74
0137-1983
Pojawia się w:
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Sklodowska, sectio B – Geographia, Geologia, Mineralogia et Petrographia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Accuracy of bathymetric data in electronic navigational charts
Autorzy:
Weintrit, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/134971.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Akademia Morska w Szczecinie. Wydawnictwo AMSz
Tematy:
marine navigation
safety at sea
international hydrographic organization
ECDIS
electronic navigational charts
accuracy
category of zone of confidence (CATZOC)
Opis:
Navigational charts are essential tools for marine navigation. But how accurate are the navigational charts that we use when going sailing? Do we really know how much faith can be placed in them? All charts, whether paper or electronic, contain data, which varies in quality due to the age and accuracy of individual surveys. In general, remote areas away from shipping routes tend to be less well surveyed, and less frequently, while areas of high commercial traffic are re-surveyed frequently to very high levels of accuracy, particularly where under-keel clearances are small. It is quite accurate to consider a chart as a jigsaw of individual surveys pieced together to form a single image. Having the necessary skills to determine how much confidence should be placed in the surveys, which combine to form a chart, should be a requirement for any sailor venturing into unfamiliar waters. When the International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) developed the S-57 standard for Electronic Navigational Charts (ENCs), this problem was recognized and it was decided that the quality of survey data used to compile ENCs had to be encoded within a composite data quality indicator ‘Category of Zone of Confidence’ (CATZOC) to assist seafarers in assessing hydrographic survey data and the associated level of risk of navigating in a particular area. According to IHO S-67, the accuracy of Electronic Navigational Charts is not impressive and leaves much to be desired. The author discusses these apparent shortcomings of ENCs and present erroneous approaches to this problem, so common in the seafaring community.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie; 2018, 55 (127); 60-69
1733-8670
2392-0378
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Availability of the GNSS geodetic networks position during the hydrographic surveys in the ports
Autorzy:
Specht, C.
Makar, A.
Specht, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/116211.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Morski w Gdyni. Wydział Nawigacyjny
Tematy:
Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)
hydrographic survey
IHO S-44
Global Positioning System (GPS)
GLONASS
gedetic network
exclusive order
special order
Opis:
Geodetic network GNSS receivers are more commonly associated with positioning systems used in maritime hydrography. In terms of positioning accuracy when no terrain obstacles are present, they meet international hydrographic surveys standards (S‐44) fully. Those standards are defined as 1m (0.95) for Exclusive Order and 2m (0.95) for Special Order. It is equally as important to ensure access to position which error is not higher than above mentioned maximum values. This is most often determined by the density of port infrastructure. This article presents the results of analysis of availability of hydrographic system that operates based on geodetic GNSS networks. Hydrographic surveys in question were undertaken in inner basins with diverse infrastructure. Three representative types of ports were selected for this reason: fishing type (Hel), medium sized, modern commercial type (Gdynia) and highly congested, narrow canal type (Gdansk – Motlawa). A nonpublic, geodetic GNSS network was used for all surveys. It is worth mentioning that the above network is at the moment the only available network that provides both GPS and GLONASS corrections. The surveys provided evidence that geodetic GNSS networks can be successfully utilised to determine position of hydrographic vessel in low and moderately developed ports as well as in Exclusive and Special Orders. In highly congested ports however, the availability of the above mentioned method of measurement can be insufficient to realise a survey.
Źródło:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation; 2018, 12, 4; 657-661
2083-6473
2083-6481
Pojawia się w:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Modeling the ecosystem response to summer coastal upwelling in the Northern South China Sea
Autorzy:
Jiang, R.
Wang, Y.-S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/47804.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Oceanologii PAN
Tematy:
nutrient
phytoplankton
zooplankton
ecosystem model
coastal upwelling
hydrographic condition
seasonal change
sea surface temperature
South China Sea
Opis:
A coupled three-dimensional physical model and a nitrogen-based nutrient, phytoplankton, zooplankton, and detritus (NPZD) ecosystem model were applied to simulate the summer coastal upwelling system over the continental shelf of northern South China Sea (NSCS) and its impact on hydrographic conditions and ecosystem. The simulated results were comprehensively validated against field and satellite measurements. The model results show that the near shore ecosystem of NSCS has significant responses to the summer coastal upwelling system. The Shantou Coast to the Nanri Islands of Fujian province (YD) and the east of the Leizhou Peninsula (QD) are two main regions affected by NSCS summer coast upwelling. During summer, these two coastal areas are characterized by nearshore cold and high salinity upwelling current. Further, the summer coastal upwelling serves as a perfect nutrient pump, which lifts up and advects nutrient-rich current from deep to surface, from inner shelf to about 30 km outer shelf. This nutrient source reaches its maximum in the middle of July and then begins to decrease. However, the maximum phytoplankton and chlorophyll a do not coincide with the maximum nutrients and delay for about 10 days. Because of the intensive seasonal thermocline and the complicated current transporting through Qiongzhou strait, the ecological responding of QD is less pronounced than YD. This study has a better understanding of the physically modulated ecological responses to the NSCS summer coastal upwelling system.
Źródło:
Oceanologia; 2018, 60, 1
0078-3234
Pojawia się w:
Oceanologia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
OBIEKTY KRENOLOGICZNE W DOLNEJ CZĘŚCI DORZECZA WISŁY (PO ZLEWNIĘ DRWĘCY)
Autorzy:
Choiński, Adam
Ptak, Mariusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/943764.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Poznańskie Towarzystwo Przyjaciół Nauk
Tematy:
crenological facilities
lower part of the Vistula river basin
hydrographic map
Opis:
On the basis of hydrographic maps in the scale 1:50,000, an inventory of crenological objects in the lower part of the Vistula basin up to the Drwęca river basin in the south was made. The total number of these objects in the analyzed area is 308, with the highest number of solid sources – 161, followed by leakages – 125 and periodic sources – 17. The total efficiency of all outflows is very low, as it was estimated at 0.075 m3∙s–1. The most efficient source reaches only 1.0 dm3∙s–1, and only a few 0.7 dm3∙s–1.
Źródło:
Badania Fizjograficzne Seria A - Geografia Fizyczna; 2018, 9(69); 17-24
2081-6014
Pojawia się w:
Badania Fizjograficzne Seria A - Geografia Fizyczna
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Reliability of navigational charts and confidence in the bathymetric data presented
Autorzy:
Weintrit, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/135050.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Akademia Morska w Szczecinie. Wydawnictwo AMSz
Tematy:
marine navigation
safety at sea
navigational charts
accuracy
reliability
zone of confidence
source diagrams
International Hydrographic Organization (IHO)
Opis:
Navigational charts are a basic source of information for seafarers. But how accurate and reliable are they? How much trust and confidence can be put in them? Unfortunately, the answer is not so simple; it is far more complicated than merely saying that one chart is accurate and reliable while another is not. However, any seafarer navigating in unfamiliar waters should have the necessary skills. It is a great challenge – some may say an impossibility – to keep the thousands of navigational charts up to date. But exactly how out of date, how inaccurate, are the chart data? Chart users will have a better idea now that the Hydrographic Office is gradually implementing a new chart feature called the Zone of Confidence (ZOC) box which replaces the Source Diagram that is currently in use on large-scale charts. Source Diagrams, and now the improved ZOCs, assist seafarers in assessing hydrographic survey data and the associated levels of risk of navigating in a particular area. According to the new edition of the International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) specifications, S-4 navigational charts will provide more information on ZOCs. The current paper discusses these new regulations.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie; 2018, 54 (126); 84-92
1733-8670
2392-0378
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 61

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