Skocz do pozycji: 1.

Tytuł:

Dialog między regionalnymi trybunałami praw człowieka
Dialogue between regional human rights courts

Autorzy:

Dąbrowska, Anna

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2037553.pdf

Data publikacji:

2021-09-15

Wydawca:

Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu

Tematy:

human rights
regional human rights courts
regional systems of human rights

Opis:

The multiplicity of international judicial authorities makes their mutual interactions a challenge. In recent years, three regional human rights courts, with the competence to hear casus of violations of human rights protected by international law, have worked together to establish a robust dialogue. In spite of their normative, social or political differences, they have begun to intensify efforts to strengthen their bonds. The historic San José Declaration has provided formal conditions for the trilateral dialogue between the European Human Rights Court, Inter-American Human Rights Court, and African Court on Human and People’s Rights. The dialogue undertaken by the regional human rights courts contains not only a reference to its jurisprudence, but also a number of practices, incl. the exchange of experience. It is intended to establish consistency between human rights protection systems across the region. The initially informal cooperation has transformed into a trilateral dialogue that directly contributes to the improved understanding and implementation of human rights, which in turn constitutes a challenge to international human rights legislation. The aim of the article is to present the judicial dialogue in the field of human rights, to draw attention to its dynamics and to emphasize its role in changing some aspects of the understanding of law characterized by the principle of territoriality. This discussion is also intended to focus attention on the functions of dialogue, including penetration and mutual inspiration as well as strengthening the authority of courts.  

Źródło:

Studia Prawa Publicznego; 2021, 3, 35; 55-74
2300-3936

Pojawia się w:

Studia Prawa Publicznego

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 2.

Tytuł:

Linguistic Human Rights in Education

Autorzy:

Szoszkiewicz, Łukasz

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/684975.pdf

Data publikacji:

2017

Wydawca:

Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu

Tematy:

human rights
linguistic human rights
language
education

Opis:

Linguistic human rights are a concept remaining on the crossroads of several scientific disciplines, e.g. linguistics, anthropology, psychology and, last but not least, human rights law. Taking the latter as a lens, this study seeks to clarify the concept of linguistic human rights in education – presumably, the most linguistically sensitive sphere in the life of individuals and communities. The paper demonstrates that despite little mention of language in the UN treaties (ICESCR, CRC, CERD, CADE), its importance is reflected in the practice of the relevant treaty-based bodies. Moreover, increasing interest from scholars across a range of disciplines is contributing to the development of a linguistic human rights doctrine and is penetrating the UN human rights framework.

Źródło:

Adam Mickiewicz University Law Review; 2017, 7; 105-118
2450-0976

Pojawia się w:

Adam Mickiewicz University Law Review

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 3.

Tytuł:

Historia powstania regionalnych trybunałów praw człowieka
The history of regional human rights courts

Autorzy:

Dąbrowska, Anna

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2143069.pdf

Data publikacji:

2022-06-10

Wydawca:

Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu

Tematy:

human rights protection systems
regional human rights protection courts
human rights
international judiciary

Opis:

The history of the formation of regional human rights courts, parts of human rights regimes on the European, African and both the American continents, is discussed in this paper. The author demonstrates an unquestionable connection between the courts and international government organisations active in the regions. She proves that the main reasons for establishing these authorities lie in the develop-ment of human rights protection systems and the associated need for supervision by independent judicial authorities, since the guarantee of rights and freedoms under regional treaties proved insufficient. The analysis shows the human rights courts were founded at different times and in diverse realities. The European Court was formed to supervise the democratic states in the region, whereas the non-European courts both were and still are regarded as unstable and implicated in internal conflicts. The next part of this article includes a discussion of the legal basis for estab-lishing regional human rights tribunals. All three bodies were established on the basis of a classical source of international law, namely an international treaty. The fundamental difference, however, is that with regard to the European and American Courts, these are treaties that form the basis of regional systems of human rights protection, while the African Tribunal was created under the Additional Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights.

Źródło:

Studia Prawa Publicznego; 2022, 1 (37); 125-150
2300-3936

Pojawia się w:

Studia Prawa Publicznego

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 4.

Tytuł:

OCHRONA PRAW CZŁOWIEKA WE WSPÓŁCZESNYM LIECHTENSTEINIE. ZARYS PROBLEMATYKI
PROTECTION OF HUMAN RIGHTS IN CONTEMPORARY LIECHTENSTEIN. AN OVERVIEW

Autorzy:

Koźbiał, Krzysztof

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/513033.pdf

Data publikacji:

2018

Wydawca:

Uniwersytet Rzeszowski. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego

Tematy:

Liechtenstein,
human rights,
protection of human rights,
microstate

Opis:

Liechtenstein is undoubtedly one of the countries where respect for human rights is at a high level. The reasons for this should be sought first of all in the decision of this micro-state to join the most important international organizations emphasizing the pro-tection of human rights (UN, Council of Europe) as well as internal regulations that are of an increasingly higher standard. This does not mean that there are no problems or puzzling situations for researchers of the political affairs in this country in this respect. These include undoubtedly the relatively late granting of political rights to women and the actual lack of political rights of persons without the citizenship of the Principality, accounting for 1/3 of the country's population.

Źródło:

Polityka i Społeczeństwo; 2018, 16, 4; 40-50 (11)
1732-9639

Pojawia się w:

Polityka i Społeczeństwo

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 5.

Tytuł:

Corruption and Human Rights in the Case Law of Inter-American Human Rights Treaty Bodies

Autorzy:

Lis, Edyta

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2158264.pdf

Data publikacji:

2022-12-15

Wydawca:

Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II

Tematy:

corruption
human rights
Inter-American Court of Human Rights
Inter-American Commission on Human Rights

Opis:

The first attempts to combat corruption date back to ancient times and had mainly moral connotation. Despite being an old phenomena, nowadays it takes new shapes and becomes a more common feature of social life, especially in the Latin America region. Corruption is a complex, and multidimensional phenomenon that negatively impacts human rights on many levels. Therefore, serious effort have long been made at global, regional and state levels to combat corruption. The United Nations and regional organizations have adopted numerous non-binding and binding documents with a view to stifling this phenomenon but none of them refer to the issue of impact of corruption on human rights. But it should be stressed that it is very hard to establish a link between corruption and human rights violations. Some efforts has been made by the Inter-American Court of Human Rights (IACHR) and the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights (IAComHR). This article considers whether and how the IACHR and the IAComHR establish the link between corruption and violation of human rights in the inter-American system. It also determines which groups of people are, according the IACHR and the IAComHR, particularly affected by corruption, what measures should be taken to protect those exposed to acts of corruption, what obligations are incumbent on States with a view to preventing, combating and eradicating corruption.

Źródło:

Review of European and Comparative Law; 2022, 51, 4; 149-180
2545-384X

Pojawia się w:

Review of European and Comparative Law

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 6.

Tytuł:

Monitoring i ewaluacja w badaniach świadomości praw człowieka w szkole

Autorzy:

Koba, Laura

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/639493.pdf

Data publikacji:

2012

Wydawca:

Uniwersytet Jagielloński. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego

Tematy:

awareness of human rights, human rights education, monitoring, evaluation

Opis:

Monitoring and Evaluation in the Research on Human Rights Awareness in Schools The awareness of human rights in Poland leaves a lot to be desired. Poland’s international obligations concerning human rights education should be subject to control. In this connection, monitoring and evaluation could prove very helpful. Within the last twenty years, monitoring has been used many times when rasing the issue of human rights with regard to various fields of life in Poland. At the same time, evaluation has been neglected as a form of control allowing to asses the standards of human rights protection in the country.

Źródło:

Zarządzanie Publiczne; 2012, 3(19)
2084-3968

Pojawia się w:

Zarządzanie Publiczne

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 7.

Tytuł:

Opinia prawna w sprawie poselskiego projektu ustawy o zasadach wykonywania orzeczeń Europejskiego Trybunału Praw Człowieka
Legal opinion on the Deputies’ Bill on the Rules of Execution of Judgments of the European Court of Human Rights

Autorzy:

Chybalski, Piotr

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2195382.pdf

Data publikacji:

2021

Wydawca:

Kancelaria Sejmu. Biuro Analiz Sejmowych

Tematy:

Constitution
human rights
bill
European Court of Human Rights

Opis:

In the opinion of the author certain provisions of the proposed bill raise constitutional doubts or may cause constitutional reservations, inter alia, in the light of the principle of specificity of law, the principle of separation of powers, the scope of the subject matter of parliamentary rules of regulation. Furthermore, insofar as the bill relates to the payment of compensation and redress, it appears to be burdened with a constitutional defect of the nature of the so-called legislative omission. The author of the opinion points out that the bill also lacks a number of solutions concerning the payment of compensation and redress.

Źródło:

Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS; 2021, 2(70); 193-201
1896-9852
2082-064X

Pojawia się w:

Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 8.

Tytuł:

The Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms as an International Treaty and a Source of Individual Rights

Autorzy:

Gadkowski, Aleksander

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2027869.pdf

Data publikacji:

2021-12-31

Wydawca:

Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu

Tematy:

human rights law
international protection of human rights
fundamental rights
Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms
European Court of Human Rights

Opis:

The aim of this paper is to present the legal nature of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms as a special treaty under international human rights law. The article focuses on the twofold nature of the Convention. First, it presents the Convention as an international treaty, and thus as a source of specific obligations of states-parties. Second, it presents the Convention as the source of fundamental individual human rights. The article also discusses the role of ECtHR case law in the context of fundamental individual human rights.

Źródło:

Adam Mickiewicz University Law Review; 2021, 13; 77-96
2450-0976

Pojawia się w:

Adam Mickiewicz University Law Review

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 9.

Tytuł:

The Limits of Rights and Freedoms - The Limits of Power

Autorzy:

Wyrzykowski, Mirosław

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/43356294.pdf

Data publikacji:

1999-12-31

Wydawca:

Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN

Tematy:

public order
Court of Human Rights
European Convention on Human Rights
human rights
constitution
rights and freedoms of citzisens

Źródło:

Droit Polonais Contemporain; 1999, 121-124; 27-37
0070-7325

Pojawia się w:

Droit Polonais Contemporain

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 10.

Tytuł:

Prawa człowieka. Pomiędzy ideologią a polityką

Autorzy:

Sitek, Magdalena

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2050124.pdf

Data publikacji:

2022-04-01

Wydawca:

Uniwersytet Rzeszowski. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego

Tematy:

Human Rights
Human Rights Violation
Human Rights Inflation
Ideologization of Human Rights
Crisis
naruszenia praw człowieka
inflacja praw człowieka
ideologizacja praw człowieka
kryzys
prawa człowieka

Opis:

Prawa człowieka zostały uznane za wartość obowiązującą w całym świecie dopiero po drugiej wojnie światowej. Odtąd zaczęły one wyznaczać kierunek dalszej ewolucji systemów politycznych i prawa międzynarodowego. Są dyscypliną ulokowaną gdzieś między filozofią, w szczególności etyką, różnymi gałęziami prawa a naukami politycznymi. Prawa człowieka, jako jedno ze stosunkowo młodych pojęć w słowniku polityki i społeczeństw, są niepowtarzalną wartością społeczną i polityczną, a także kryterium oceny działalności władz, konstytucji i innych przepisów prawa. W ostatnim czasie stały się również istotnym elementem polityki międzynarodowej i programowym dążeniem rządów. Celem niniejszego opracowania jest analiza kwestii praw człowieka w kontekście ich głębokiego i wielowymiarowego kryzysu, ich naruszeń, upolitycznienia i ideologizacji, gdyż pomimo zebranych, zapisanych i zaakceptowanych przez niemal wszystkie kraje praw ludzkich nadal mają miejsce rażące ich naruszenia, co w bieżącym stuleciu stanowi zaprzeczenie tego, co miało być gwarantem pokoju na świecie, a przede wszystkim staje się zanegowaniem samej Powszechnej Deklaracji Praw Człowieka.
Human rights were only recognized as a worldwide value after World War II. From then on, they began to set the direction for the further evolution of political systems and international law. They are a discipline somewhere between philosophy, in particular ethics, various branches of law and political sciences. Human rights, as one of the relatively young terms appearing in the dictionary of politics and societies, are a unique social and political value, as well as a criterion for assessing the activity of authorities, the constitution and other legal provisions. Recently, they have also become an important element of international politics and a program objective for governments. The aim of this study is to analyze human rights issues in the context of their deep and multidimensional crisis, their violations, politicization and ideologization, because despite the collected, written and accepted by almost all countries human rights, gross violations of them still take place, which in this century is a contradiction of this. what was supposed to be a guarantee of peace in the world, and above all, which becomes a negation of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights itself.

Źródło:

Polityka i Społeczeństwo; 2022, 20, 1; 145-159
1732-9639

Pojawia się w:

Polityka i Społeczeństwo

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 11.

Tytuł:

Universalism of Human Rights: Notion of Global Consensus or Regional Idea

Autorzy:

Orzeszyna, Krzysztof

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1597392.pdf

Data publikacji:

2021-08-21

Wydawca:

Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II

Tematy:

universalism, regionalism, human rights, human dignity

Opis:

This article deals with the universal nature of human rights recognised by all civilisations and legal systems. The important thing is that the actions of the state are consistent with the content of these rights is justified by the fact that they protect the dignity of every human being and enable cooperation between people. Universal treaties impose the same international legal obligations in the field of human rights on as many states as possible. Regional treaties perform this function in relation to a group of states. It seems, however, that for the full protection of an individual’s rights, the ideas of universalism and regionalism of human rights need to complement each other. No regional system can exist if it is inconsistent with the norms and principles of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.

Źródło:

Review of European and Comparative Law; 2021, 46, 3; 165-176
2545-384X

Pojawia się w:

Review of European and Comparative Law

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 12.

Tytuł:

Argumentation of the Court of Strasbourg’s Jurisprudence regarding the discrimination against Roma
Orzecznictwo Trybunału w Strasburgu w sprawach związanych z dyskryminacją Romów

Autorzy:

del Llano, Cristina Hermida

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/941007.pdf

Data publikacji:

2015-12-31

Wydawca:

Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek

Tematy:

Human Rights, Discrimination, Roma People, Jurisprudence, European Court
of Human Rights

Opis:

While the Court has, to some degree, started to protect against discrimination based on birth or nationality, the protection against discrimination on the basis of race until 2005 has been very poor and dubious. Upon reviewing the case law of the ECHR, we find that since the case “Relating to certain aspects of the laws on the use of language in education in Belgium” v. Belgium in 1968, the Court has decided to opt in favor of the original English version of art. 14, which underscores that the enjoyment of the rights and freedoms must be assured “without discrimination” and defends the concept that equality should be interpreted as non-discrimination, while clarifying that this disposition does not prohibit preferential treatment, such that, in the eyes of the Court, this principle is only violated when preferential treatment implies “a discriminatory treatment”, so the task for us is to determine in detail when the two are correlated. The cited decision is an essential reference as it provides the pointers needed to discern whether or not a violation of art. 14 exists, as in a “test” of equality that entails: (1) whether the distinction in treatment lacks objective justification; (2) whether the difference in treatment results in conformity with the objective of the effects of the measure examined attendant to the principles that generally prevail in democratic societies; (3) whether there exists a reasonable relationship between the means used and the end sought. Despite this interpretational recognition of art. 14, if we analyze in detail the Court’s jurisprudence, how the Court has approached the topic of discrimination on the basis of racial or ethnic origin is somewhat disappointing. The fact that during decades plaintiffs were required to provide proof beyond the shadow of a doubt has restricted the Court’s influence on discriminatory actions based on race or ethnicity; for this reason, it is not unexpected that in time critical dissidence arose, even within the Court itself. A good example of this is given by Judge Bonello in the decision Anguelova vs Bulgaria (2002). Here we analyze how the jurisprudence of the Court of Strasbourg has evolved in the context of discrimination against Roma, so as to ascertain the challenges that remain in this area.
Przeciwdziałanie dyskryminacji ze względu na urodzenie lub przynależność państwową, a także ochrona dyskryminacją ze względu na rasę, były ściśle związane z początkami działalności Europejskiego Trybunału Praw Człowieka, jednak do 2005 r. ochrona w tym zakresie była stosunkowo słaba. Praktykę ukształtowało m.in. orzeczenie ETPCz w sprawie „Relating to certain aspects of the laws on the use of language in education in Belgium” v. Belgia z 1968 r.(1 EHRR 252), w którym trybunał stwierdził, że korzystanie z praw i wolności musi być zapewnione bez dyskryminacji, równość należy interpretować jako niedyskryminację, wyjaśniając, że nie oznacza to zakazu preferencyjnego traktowania. Cytowana decyzja jest istotna dla stosowania art. 14 Europejskiej Konwencji Praw Człowieka, co nie oznacza, że nie jest kwestionowana. Dobrym tego przykładem jest decyzja Anguelova vs Bułgaria (2002).

Źródło:

Przegląd Prawa Konstytucyjnego; 2015, 6 (28); 11-38
2082-1212

Pojawia się w:

Przegląd Prawa Konstytucyjnego

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 13.

Tytuł:

Debata: Po co nam prawa człowieka?
Debate: Why do we need human rights?

Autorzy:

Juchacz, Piotr W.

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/950164.pdf

Data publikacji:

2013-06-16

Wydawca:

Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu

Tematy:

human rights
freedom of expression
particularism vs universalism of human rights

Opis:

The debate Why do we need human rights? took place on April 10th, 2013 at the Faculty of Social Sciences, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań. It was a part of the conference Philosophy is changing the world! organized under the auspices of Public Philosophy & Democratic Education journal. The participants of the debate were the youth from middle and high schools in Poznań and Greater Poland and invited experts from the Institute of Philosophy, AMU: Dr. Karolina M. Cern, Dr. Andrzej W. Nowak, Dr. Krzysztof Przybyszewski. Discussion was moderated by Dr. Piotr W. Juchacz. Youth was asking, inter alia, about what human rights are and how freedom is understood within human rights; whether human rights are associated with the European culture or have universal character; whether international documents relating to human rights are fully respected in Poland; and whether attempts at restricting the access to certain content on the Internet is a violation of human rights.

Źródło:

Filozofia Publiczna i Edukacja Demokratyczna; 2013, 2, 1; 106-120
2299-1875

Pojawia się w:

Filozofia Publiczna i Edukacja Demokratyczna

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 14.

Tytuł:

MIĘDZYNARODOWA OCHRONA PRAW CZŁOWIEKA W KONTEKŚCIE ZJAWISKA HANDLU LUDŹMI
INTERNATIONAL PROTECTION OF HUMAN RIGHTS IN THE CONTEXT OF THE PHENOMENON OF HUMAN TRAFFICKING

Autorzy:

Szymański, Łukasz

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/512821.pdf

Data publikacji:

2019

Wydawca:

Uniwersytet Rzeszowski. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego

Tematy:

human rights
human trafficking
slavery

Opis:

The subject of this study is the international protection of human rights in the context of human trafficking and slavery. Human trafficking and slavery are one of the most vivid examples of the violation of the individual's right to freedom, integrity and security, and of the denial of human dignity, which is the main pillar of the international system for the protection of human rights. Therefore, trade in live goods and other crimes related to the exploitation of prostitution have become the subject of several international conventions. International communities have decided to prevent and combat this phenomenon with the help of criminal law instruments. The study contains explanations of statutory concepts related to the protection of human rights and human trafficking. In addition, it discusses the forms of protection of human rights. The theoretical nature of this paper is based on publications in the field of international law, criminal law, and constitutional law.

Źródło:

Polityka i Społeczeństwo; 2019, 17, 3; 5-24 (20)
1732-9639

Pojawia się w:

Polityka i Społeczeństwo

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 15.

Tytuł:

Etyka Konfucjańska a duch praw człowieka
The Confucian Ethics and the Spirit of Human Rights

Autorzy:

Janyst, Tomasz

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/566710.pdf

Data publikacji:

2010

Wydawca:

Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie. Instytut Nauk Politycznych

Tematy:

China
Confucianism
Human rights

Opis:

The aim of this article is to examine the influence of the Confucian ethics on the perception of human rights in China in context of the development of capitalism in this part of Asia.In the first part of this article the author argues with Max Weber's thesis which states that in China: "from a purely economic point of view, a genuine bourgeois, industrial capitalism might have developed". He examines from sinological perspective his arguments concerning the underdevelopment of capitalism: lack of rational legal system, the influence of Confucianism and lack of middle class. In the second part have been shown the connections between capitalism, market freedoms and human rights. The author claims that capitalism is necessary condition for the development of human rights, but it is not the only one, because the cultural factors play a greater role. In the third part of this article summarizes the two previous parts and argues that late development of capitalism in China is one of main factors that influenced the modern shape of human rights in China. The necessity of developing a free market system have been also underlined in relation to the rule of law and civil society as a base for the concept of human rights with Chinese characteristics, that would be acceptable for Western countries.

Źródło:

Forum Politologiczne; 2010, 11 - Chiny i państwa azjatyckie - karty z historii i wyzwania współczesności; 295-316
1734-1698

Pojawia się w:

Forum Politologiczne

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 16.

Tytuł:

Opinia prawna na temat ograniczeń wynikających z Konstytucji RP dotyczących uzawodowienia mandatu poselskiego
Legal opinion on the limitations included in the Constitution of the Republic of Poland concerning the implementation of a full-time parliamentary job

Autorzy:

Odrowąż-Sypniewski, Wojciech

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/6571842.pdf

Data publikacji:

2015

Wydawca:

Kancelaria Sejmu. Biuro Analiz Sejmowych

Tematy:

Constitution
Deputy
human rights

Opis:

The aim of this opinion is to answer the question of how the status of a full-time (also called “a professional”) Deputy to the Sejm (assuming that it is the only form of his/her activity) involves limitations on his/her human and civil rights enshrined in the Constitution? According to the author, the establishment of a full-time job as the only form of exercise of the Deputy’s mandate, would need an amendment of the constitution. The legislative interference must respect the constitutional requirement that any limitation of the rights and freedoms should correspond to the public interest and respect the principle of proportionality.

Źródło:

Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS; 2015, 4(48); 49-54
1896-9852
2082-064X

Pojawia się w:

Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 17.

Tytuł:

WOLNOŚĆ WYPOWIEDZI I PRAWO DO PRYWATNOŚCI W SPOŁECZEŃSTWIE INFORMACYJNYM – WYBRANE AKTUALNE REFLEKSJE
FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION AND RIGHT TO PRIVACY IN THE INFORMATION SOCIETY – SELECTED CURRENT REFLECTIONS

Autorzy:

Demczuk, Agnieszka

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/513561.pdf

Data publikacji:

2020

Wydawca:

Uniwersytet Rzeszowski. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego

Tematy:

freedom of expression
right to privacy
protection of human rights
information society
internet
ICT
human rights violations
human rights abuse

Opis:

The measure of civilizational progress is not only economic development, which for several years has been determined by the development of computer science, but also an increase in the level of respect for human rights and freedoms guaranteed in various international legal documents. The Internet is increasingly determining the use of personal, political, social, and economic rights. Public authorities, as part of positive obligations, should be more actively involved in the protection of human rights, especially the freedom of expression and the right to privacy, which are currently being violated quite widely and especially in the horizontal dimension in cyberspace.

Źródło:

Polityka i Społeczeństwo; 2020, 18, 1; 20-40 (21)
1732-9639

Pojawia się w:

Polityka i Społeczeństwo

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 18.

Tytuł:

Geneza i źródła wolności religii w europejskiej przestrzeni politycznej i prawnej
The origin and source of religious freedom in european political and legal space

Autorzy:

Kącka, Katarzyna

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/494779.pdf

Data publikacji:

2013

Wydawca:

Towarzystwo Naukowe Franciszka Salezego

Tematy:

Religious freedom
Natural rights
Human rights

Opis:

A person, as a human being, has his or her own natural rights. These include, among other things, the right to life, to express one's views and the right to privacy. These rights are fundamental and indisputable. Among them is one of the most important liberties – the right to religious freedom. While one of the most important principles, its simplicity and naturalness raise at the same time many doubts. This study aims to provide a general presentation of the principles of the right to freedom of religion: the origin and history of the formation of this right and the road to its sanction. This article also discusses the chief contemporary documents which guarantee this freedom and the rulings of the European Courts of Human Rights in cases concerning infringement of religious rights.

Źródło:

Seminare. Poszukiwania naukowe; 2013, 34; 155-174
1232-8766

Pojawia się w:

Seminare. Poszukiwania naukowe

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 19.

Tytuł:

The need for protection of human rights in cyberspace

Autorzy:

Florek, Iwona
Eroglu, Susran Erkan

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/951098.pdf

Data publikacji:

2019

Wydawca:

Wyższa Szkoła Gospodarki Euroregionalnej im. Alcide De Gasperi w Józefowie

Tematy:

Human rights
cyberspace
individual rights
protection

Opis:

Technology is an integral part of social life. The widespread use of computers and the development of information and communication technologies have made people dependent on this technology in many ways. Computer products such as Internet, mobile phone, satellite are among the indispensables of daily life. The developments in information technologies attract the attention of the international community as much as the individuals and affect this society as well. In particular, the tools and methods that are created by using computers have created cyber area life in addition to the real world, and this area has begun to provide significant benefits and facilities in the daily lives of individuals and communities. In this article the relation between cyberspace and protection of human rights in this sphere will be examined socially and legally

Źródło:

Journal of Modern Science; 2019, 42, 3; 27-36
1734-2031

Pojawia się w:

Journal of Modern Science

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 20.

Tytuł:

The European Union and Fundamental Rights/Human Rights: Vanguard or Villain?

Autorzy:

Rosas, Allan

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/684989.pdf

Data publikacji:

2017

Wydawca:

Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu

Tematy:

Europan Union Law
human rights/fundamental rights

Opis:

The protection of fundamental rights and human rights in the European Union has witnessed several phases and fluctuations. In the early days of European integration, whilst it would be exaggerated to brand the then Communities a ‘villain,’ there was no explicit recognition of fundamental rights/human rights as being part of Community law. I hope it should have become clear by now that the Union does not fit particularly well into any of these two extremes. But by comparison to the other EU institutions, the Court of Justice has been somewhat of a forerunner, taking the first steps towards a fundamental rights system already in 1969 and contributing in many respects to its further development.

Źródło:

Adam Mickiewicz University Law Review; 2017, 7; 7-24
2450-0976

Pojawia się w:

Adam Mickiewicz University Law Review

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 21.

Tytuł:

Reglas onusianas desde una perspectiva romanística
United Nations rules from a Roman law perspective

Autorzy:

Zamora Manzano, José Luis

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/452153.pdf

Data publikacji:

2017

Wydawca:

Wyższa Szkoła Gospodarki Euroregionalnej im. Alcide De Gasperi w Józefowie

Tematy:

human rights
human dignity
soft law

Opis:

In Roman law confinement in jail as a means of containment of the prisoner to his subsequent trial and conviction, which coincides with situations in which the Roman legal system to exploit the defendant in sentencing in forced labor or in in metallum or in opus publicum. However, the jail met in Rome a suitable means preventive custody and not punishment, and the Roman law was never released on imprisonment as punishment for free men through judicial, as a result of a crime; therefore the prison was conceived as a means of police coercion or administrative judges, that is a security measure before trial by way of remand or awaiting execution. In this context, we will analyze how Roman law promulgates a series of norms aimed at dignifying the prison for the imprisoned, that is, the improvement in the treatment of prisoners due to the influence of Christianity to humanity as a recurring argument in the imperial legislation.The Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners constitute the universally recognized minimum standards for the management of prisons and the treatment of persons deprived of their liberty and have had immense value and influence in the development of prison laws, policies and practices In Member States around the world, in 2015 it was promulgated under the name Mandela Rules. In this study, we will analyze how some of its principles are already beginning to be glimpsed in Roman law in relation to improvement of the conditions of the confinement´s place.
Desde nuestro punto de vista, focalizado en los Derechos humanos, la normativa del ámbito penal se rige por estándares generales del debido proceso y por principios que no solo están contemplados en la normativa interna española, sino también en tratados internacionales vigentes en España, tanto derivados del sistema onusiano, es decir, las normas y resoluciones de Naciones Unidas, como del sistema regional europeo1. Igualmente, hacen parte de esos estándares las reglas de derecho internacional emergente conocidas como soft law2, que no caen dentro de la categoría de tratados y declaraciones, pero que representan recomendaciones emitidas por órganos internacionales de derechos humanos que cada vez cobran mayor vigencia como recomendaciones con un importante nivel de legitimidad. Entre esas normas, encontramos las Resoluciones de Naciones Unidas, entre ellas, encontramos una de 17 de diciembre de 2015 sobre Reglas Mínimas de Tratamiento de reclusos3, también llamadas Reglas Nelson Mandela (AGNU 70/175)4 . Dicha resolución contiene un primer párrafo del que se desprende la necesidad de garantizar los derechos humanos fundamentales: “Guiada por los propósitos principales de las Naciones Unidas, que se establecen en el Preámbulo de la Carta de las Naciones Unidas y en la Declaración Universal de Derechos Humanos , e inspirada por la determinación de reafirmar la fe en los derechos humanos fundamentales, en la dignidad y el valor del ser humano, sin distinción de ningún tipo, y en la igualdad de derechos de hombres y mujeres y de las naciones grandes y pequeñas, crear condiciones en las que puedan mantenerse la justicia y el respeto de las obligaciones derivadas de los tratados y de otras fuentes del derecho internacional y promover el progreso social y elevar el nivel de vida dentro de un concepto más amplio de la libertad”. Asimismo, el texto también pone de relieve la preocupación existente por la humanización de la justicia penal y por ende, la protección delos derechos humanos en la Administración diaria de la justicia penal y la prevención del delito. Así, la resolución onusiana pone de relieve una serie de principios y prácticas que hoy en día se reconocen idóneos en lo que respecta al tratamiento de reclusos y la administración penitenciaria.

Źródło:

Journal of Modern Science; 2017, 34, 3; 305-325
1734-2031

Pojawia się w:

Journal of Modern Science

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 22.

Tytuł:

Między sacrum a profanum: relacje wolności religijnej i wolności sztuki w orzecznictwie ETPCz
Between sacrum and profanum: the relationship of religious freedom and the freedom of art in the jurisprudence of the ECHR

Autorzy:

Banaś, Hanna

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/684727.pdf

Data publikacji:

2015

Wydawca:

Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu

Tematy:

human rights
freedom of religion
freedom of art
European Court of Human Rights

Opis:

Formerly, art was closely connected to religion. Nowadays, art is such a far-reaching, controversial phenomenon, that the recipient no longer knows what he is looking at. Religion (as an aim) is a great example. It applies to the most intimate sphere of the individual’s life and it is difficult to legally regulate this issue. There is no definition of art, nor of religion, which is sufficiently precise to be a basis for judgments. The European Court of Human Rights has partly dealt with this matter in its judgments but this is still not enough to solve the problem.

Źródło:

Adam Mickiewicz University Law Review; 2015, 5; 69-84
2450-0976

Pojawia się w:

Adam Mickiewicz University Law Review

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 23.

Tytuł:

Powers of the Commissioner for Citizens’ Rights
Uprawnienia Rzecznika Praw Obywatelskich

Autorzy:

Kondej, Szymon

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/23352287.pdf

Data publikacji:

2023

Wydawca:

Kancelaria Sejmu. Biuro Analiz Sejmowych

Tematy:

Commissioner for Human Rights
petition

Opis:

The author presents the most important provisions regulating the activities of the Commissioner for Citizens’ Rights. He discusses the principles of the appointment of the Commissioner, as well as his duties and rights. The author also compares the various powers of the Commissioner with the possibilities granted to the citizens through the right to petition.

Źródło:

Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS; 2023, 2(78); 182-185
1896-9852
2082-064X

Pojawia się w:

Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 24.

Tytuł:

Forbidden sexuality in Kunle Afolayan’s October 1 contentious sexual space

Autorzy:

Wale, Ojoniyi, Olabode

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/890357.pdf

Data publikacji:

2019-01-23

Wydawca:

Akademia Pedagogiki Specjalnej im. Marii Grzegorzewskiej. Wydawnictwo APS

Tematy:

human rights
sexuality
social norms

Opis:

There is a sense in which we can speak of two levels of dominant and peripheral sexual spaces within the Nigerian discourse of sexuality. The dominant space deals with the generally acceptable sexual orientation that essentially draws its legitimacy from the biological configuration of sexuality within the African temper of mind. It lays claim, at one level, to the public/cultural sexual space and, at another level, to the private sexual space which also, presumably, directly follows from the cultural sexual course. On the other hand, the peripheral sexual space is seen, to put it in Guarav Desai phrase, as “any nonnormative sexual practices” (2007, p. 736). This marginal sexual orientation has perhaps largely operated within the level of private sexual space, but now it seeks to renegotiate the Nigerian cultural/public sexual space. It is this attempt to renegotiate the dominant cultural/public sexual space that seems to have raised the tension within the discourse of sexuality in Nigeria in recent times leading to the legislation that out-rightly criminalises alternative sexuality in Nigeria. It is this contentious sexual orientation within the African consciousness; its presumed origin, violence and politics of practice that forms the focus of Kunle Afolayan’s film, October 1. This paper looks at October 1 within the contentious discourse of that which is seen as a forbidden sexuality, its attendant violence and destruction in relation to the fluidity and the shifting bases of African cultural orientation in the face of individualism and fundamental human right.

Źródło:

International Journal of Pedagogy, Innovation and New Technologies; 2018, 5(2); 68-73
2392-0092

Pojawia się w:

International Journal of Pedagogy, Innovation and New Technologies

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 25.

Tytuł:

Między etnocentryzmem a uniwersalizmem. Jak prowadzić dialog i szukać fundamentów globalnego porozumienia?
Ethnocentrism and Universalism. How to Hold a Dialogue and Look for Foundations for Global Understanding?

Autorzy:

Kalbarczyk, Tomasz

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/644794.pdf

Data publikacji:

2013

Wydawca:

Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu

Tematy:

ethnocentrism
universalism cosmopolitanism
human rights

Opis:

The paper refers to the discussion between different philosophical approaches to problems brought by globalisation. Building various concepts in social and political philosophy requires both rejecting radical relativism as well as finding alternatives to fundamentalism. Between radical approaches there is space for a reasonable ethics and theory of politics. I conclude with Wiktor Osiatynski’s “soft universalism” of human rights, which can be deployed as a tool for building compromise between contradictory standpoints.

Źródło:

Kultura-Społeczeństwo-Edukacja; 2013, 3, 1; 155-164
2300-0422

Pojawia się w:

Kultura-Społeczeństwo-Edukacja

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 26.

Tytuł:

The medias and the human rights in Albania – the realities and the challenges

Autorzy:

Krisafi, Ksenofon
Rizo, Kejsi

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/951086.pdf

Data publikacji:

2019

Wydawca:

Wyższa Szkoła Gospodarki Euroregionalnej im. Alcide De Gasperi w Józefowie

Tematy:

human rights
Albania
media
law

Opis:

The protection of human rights as an indicator of the economic and social development of mankind constitutes one of the fundamental axes of the object of the domestic law of the states and of the current international law. Included and explicitly mentioned in almost all paragraphs of the preamble to the UN Charter, as an objective and purpose of its activity, in addition to ensuring international peace and security, and widely addressed in the Charter provisions, it represents an obligation and at the same time an important trend, which contributes to the affirmation of the individual with the quality of its subject and its transformation into a “citizen of the world”

Źródło:

Journal of Modern Science; 2019, 42, 3; 9-26
1734-2031

Pojawia się w:

Journal of Modern Science

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 27.

Tytuł:

Perspectivas de la etica civil. Valores democraticos y virtudes civicas
The Perspectives of Civil Ethics. Democratic Values and Civic Virtues

Autorzy:

Ferrer, Urbano

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/512247.pdf

Data publikacji:

2012

Wydawca:

Wydawnictwo Diecezjalne Adalbertinum

Tematy:

human rights
freedom
equality
responsibility

Opis:

The paper starts with focusing on three forms in which ‘Civil Ethics’ can be considered, accord-ing to whether we approach it from the minimum Ethics common to the citizens, or universal rights, or the ethical backbone of civil society. Subsequently, the paper examines historical rea-sons that account for the imposition of the above mentioned. Which would there be the most suitable one? If civil freedom and equality are to be ethical and metaphysical mainstays of democ-ratic values, the article shows the weakness of the first two approaches. As the third one is con-cerned, it seems to be fruitful insofar as democratic values are accompanied by civic virtues, which are the only ones that can make them effective. The article is concluded with an analysis of the virtues of responsibility, strength, and prudence with the particular connotation that they have in the realm of public life.

Źródło:

Studia Ełckie; 2012, 14; 81-93
1896-6896
2353-1274

Pojawia się w:

Studia Ełckie

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 28.

Tytuł:

The Validity of Human Rights in Europe in the Wake of the Crisis of Refugees from the Middle East

Autorzy:

Ibarra Martínez, Jorge R.
Cota Navarro, Paul J.

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/969447.pdf

Data publikacji:

2019

Wydawca:

Uniwersytet Warszawski. Centrum Europejskie

Tematy:

Human Rights;
Social Movements;
Refugees;

Opis:

The purpose of this article is to analyse the loss of validity in the principles of universality and equality that lead the international system of Human Rights, in the wake of the refugee crisis that arose in Europe in 2014. The main idea is that the massive arrival of refugees due to the violence in the Middle East revealed severe humanitarian contradictions in the European countries when providing the right to asylum, integration, acknowledgementand i ntercultural dialogue in favour of those affected by the war.T hrough an analysis of the debates that arose in Europe after the arrival of refugees to the continent, this article seeks to evidence the diminishmentin the social support to the values of freedom, international cooperation, multiculturalism and Human Rights; as well as an increase in the xenophobic and isolationist expressions. This work approaches the situation of Human Rights from the theoretical perspective of social movements, bearing in mind that the progressiveincorpor ation of these prerogatives in the national and international legal frameworks, has been encouraged by collective actions that generationally have managed to increase the repertoire of rights that protect human dignity. Nevertheless, the inconvenience now, is that regressive movements have begun to arise nowadays, threatening to move aside institutions that behold the ideal of a liberal and cosmopolitan democracy. To state evidence of such challenge, this work compiles the opinion of the European population in topics that refl ect their point of view on Human Rights. In this context, the research methodology was oriented to discourse analysis of online comments posted by readers of the newspapers with the highest circulation in six European countries, in relation to news that, because of their impact, appalled society and made them take part in the repercussions for their countries.

Źródło:

Studia Europejskie - Studies in European Affairs; 2019, 3; 133-151
1428-149X
2719-3780

Pojawia się w:

Studia Europejskie - Studies in European Affairs

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 29.

Tytuł:

Civic Education for Human Rights

Autorzy:

Wiatr, Jerzy J.

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2028529.pdf

Data publikacji:

2007-12-31

Wydawca:

Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek

Tematy:

civic education
democracy
human rights

Opis:

The success of democracy depends on the formation of the social capital conducive to the maintenance of democratic patterns of behavior. Civic education is the most important instrument of the formation of such social capital and is, therefore, an essential responsibility of the democratic state. The concept of social capital, introduced in the social science theory by such authors as Pierre Bourdieu (1984) and James Coleman (1988), implies that the quality of democracy depends on the relations between citizens, particularly on the acceptance of such values as trust in others and willingness to accept them as equals. Consequently, the way in which human rights are perceived in a society has profound importance for the quality of political life and constitutes the crucial component of democratic political culture.

Źródło:

Polish Political Science Yearbook; 2007, 36; 91-99
0208-7375

Pojawia się w:

Polish Political Science Yearbook

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 30.

Tytuł:

For a pedagogy of human rights: educational interventions for migrants

Autorzy:

Indellicato, Rosa

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/451875.pdf

Data publikacji:

2016

Wydawca:

Wyższa Szkoła Gospodarki Euroregionalnej im. Alcide De Gasperi w Józefowie

Tematy:

human rights
immigration
intercultural education

Opis:

Human rights are the essential elements that allow every person to live with the dignity of a human being. While the conscience of the fundamental rights of the man has broadened its horizons since the onset of the third millennium, it is nonetheless true that these widely recognised rights are constantly being violated in every corner of the world, as in these last times is happening for the migrants, whose personal dignity is often humiliated. This, in turn, leads to the pressing need of an ethical and educational commitment capable of restoring vigour and favouring education towards the development and the respect of the human rights, as these are inviolable and undeniable values, guaranteeing, at the same time, their universality, indivisibility and interdependence.

Źródło:

Journal of Modern Science; 2016, 31, 4; 93-100
1734-2031

Pojawia się w:

Journal of Modern Science

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 31.

Tytuł:

Uwagi dotyczące poselskiego projektu ustawy o uzgodnieniu płci na tle orzecznictwa Sądu Najwyższego oraz poglądów doktryny
The remarks on a D eputies’ bill on confirmation of gender (in the context of the case law of the Supreme Court and views of doctrine)

Autorzy:

Lipski, Jan

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/11543045.pdf

Data publikacji:

2014

Wydawca:

Kancelaria Sejmu. Biuro Analiz Sejmowych

Tematy:

Polska
gender
human rights
bill

Opis:

The article provides detailed discussion of the problems of the legal significance of a person belonging to a particular sex, taking into account the state of the applicable law, as well as de lege ferenda postulates. The author examines the meaning of “sex” as a legal category, the relationship between this term and the criteria determining the sex of a human‑being and the rationality of the postulate of the recognition of so‑called gender identity – i.e. the sense of belonging to a different sex than the established in register office records and biological sex – as a basis for specifying the status of a human being in register office records. The article addresses the first draft law on gender confirmation, but also broadly discusses current Supreme Court’s case law concerning the procedures and conditions for changing the entries in register office records.

Źródło:

Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS; 2014, 3(43); 28-64
1896-9852
2082-064X

Pojawia się w:

Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 32.

Tytuł:

Recent judgements of the General Court and the Supreme Court of the Slovak Republic in inspection matters – Landmark Decisions or Wasted Opportunities to Solve Problem?

Autorzy:

Blažo, Ondrej

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/530211.pdf

Data publikacji:

2013-12-01

Wydawca:

Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wydziału Zarządzania

Tematy:

envelope procedure
European Convention of Human Rights
European Court of Human Rights
inspections
Slovakia

Źródło:

Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies; 2013, 6(8); 261-280
1689-9024
2545-0115

Pojawia się w:

Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

Artykuł

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Skocz do pozycji: 33.

Tytuł:

The European Court of Human Rights on Nazi and Soviet Past in Central and Eastern Europe

Autorzy:

Gliszczyńska–Grabias, Aleksandra
Baranowska, Grażyna

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/594414.pdf

Data publikacji:

2016

Wydawca:

Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek

Tematy:

ECtHR
European Court of Human Rights
ECHR
European Convention on Human Rights
memory laws

Opis:

The article demonstrates how references to Nazi and Soviet past are perceived and evaluated by the European Court of Human Rights. Individual cases concerning Holocaust and Nazism, which the Court has examined so far, are compared here to judgments rendered with regard to Communist regime. The article proves that the Court treats more leniently state interference with freedom of expression when memory about Nazism and Holocaust is protected than when a post–Communist state wants to preserve a critical memory about the regime. The authors of the article agree with the attitude of the Court which offers a wide margin of appreciation to states restrictively treating references to Nazism and Holocaust, including comparisons to the Holocaust, Nazism or fascism used as rhetorical devices. At the same time they postulate that other totalitarian systems should be treated by the Court equally.

Źródło:

Polish Political Science Yearbook; 2016, 45; 117-129
0208-7375

Pojawia się w:

Polish Political Science Yearbook

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 34.

Tytuł:

Law-Secured Narratives of the Past in Poland in Light of International Human Rights Law Standards

Autorzy:

Gliszczyńska-Grabias, Aleksandra
Baranowska, Grażyna
Wójcik, Anna

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/706672.pdf

Data publikacji:

2019-09-01

Wydawca:

Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN

Tematy:

laws affecting historical memory
memory laws
human rights law
European Court of Human Rights

Opis:

Given the whole spectrum of doubts and controversies that arise in discussions about laws affecting historical memory (and their subcategory of memory laws), the question of assessing them in the context of international standards of human rights protection – and in particular the European system of human rights protection – is often overlooked. Thus this article focuses on the implications and conditions for introducing memory laws in light of international human rights standards using selected examples of various types of recently-adopted Polish memory laws as case studies. The authors begin with a brief description of the phenomenon of memory laws and the most signifcant threats that they pose to the protection of international human rights standards. The following sections analyse selected Polish laws affecting historical memory vis-à-vis these standards. The analysis covers non-binding declaratory laws affecting historical memory, and acts that include criminal law sanctions. The article attempts to sketch the circumstances linking laws affecting historical memory with the human rights protection standards, including those entailed both in binding treaties and other instruments of international law.

Źródło:

Polish Yearbook of International Law; 2018, 38; 59-72
0554-498X

Pojawia się w:

Polish Yearbook of International Law

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 35.

Tytuł:

Problems with applying human rights in the actions of public administration

Autorzy:

Puczko, Aleksandra

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/28672737.pdf

Data publikacji:

2022

Wydawca:

Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu

Tematy:

public administration
human rights
European Convention on Human Rights
Russian legal system
administrative values

Opis:

This article aims to analyze the contemporary problem of respecting human rights in the actions of public administration. To that end, it aims to show the causes of the issue in question and propose solutions. The article opens with a description of the legal aspect of human rights from the general perspective as a matter of rules and elements of the legal system. This part of the article presents the legal grounds for and obstacles to incorporating human rights and the acts that regulate them into the actions of public administration. In the subsequent sections, the analysis shifts to a detailed perspective. The first one concerns the reliance of the public administration’s actions on Art. 6 point 1 of the European Convention on Human Rights and shows the issues with applying it to administrative cases, as noted in the literature and jurisprudence. The second addresses the issues associated with incorporating human rights regulations into the application of the substantial law. This problem is analyzed from the standpoint of legal regulations, values and interpretation. At the same time, the article aims to show that while on the one hand public administration is responsible for safeguarding rights, on the other it is also entitled to breach and limit.

Źródło:

Adam Mickiewicz University Law Review; 2022, 14; 231-250
2450-0976

Pojawia się w:

Adam Mickiewicz University Law Review

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 36.

Tytuł:

The impacts of economic sanctions on human rights in countries of Iran and Iraq

Autorzy:

Ebrahimi, Morteza
Jalalian, Askar
Esfandyari, Leila

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1193966.pdf

Data publikacji:

2015

Wydawca:

Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN

Tematy:

Economic sanctions
Human rights
International rights
Legitimacy

Opis:

Economic sanctions serve as a foreign policy tool which allows a country or countries to exercise their own political ends on the target country by the time a conflict unfolds. Sanctions mean actual deprivation or threats to deprivation of the target country from access to economic resources in order to create changes to the policies of that country which are principally exercised unilaterally, multilaterally or collectively. After the First World War, the number of 183 rounds of economic sanctions were enforced where as many as 140 rounds of which had been implemented by the United States. Today, explanation of adoption and exercise of most economic sanctions is based on human rights claims. Despite all this, a closer look at the impacts of sanctions and also failure and success of which in fulfilling their goals reveals that sanctions are not appropriate tools for the promotion of human rights and their safeguarding. Sanctions have some adverse impacts that could lead to a degradation of human rights in the target country. This impact mostly emerges due to the dependency of human rights on the income level of the states; because a state must have enough resources so that it can promote education, health, employment and other human rights norms. Through this channel, this research intends via a scientific analysis method and utilization of credible researches with reference to credible evidence and judicial procedures of international authorities to substantiate whether there is a rational relationship between the category of economic sanctions and its relevant legal elements within human rights and international laws. In this analysis by relying on international teachings and based on legal arguments, the legitimacy extent of the U.S. sanctions against Iran and Iraq has been assessed and an overall picture of is presented.

Źródło:

World Scientific News; 2015, 16; 12-27
2392-2192

Pojawia się w:

World Scientific News

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 37.

Tytuł:

Migration in the Human Rights Context

Autorzy:

Gałkowski, Tomasz

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2015920.pdf

Data publikacji:

2021-12-31

Wydawca:

Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego

Tematy:

migration
human rights
mixed rights
regulations
solidarity

Opis:

The phenomenon of migration concerns 3.3% of the general population living in the world and its number is still increasing. In order to stop migration measures are taken, which are largely against human rights to migration. The right to migration itself is denied. The activities that aim to restrict the right and not to regulate it become an alarming tendency. As a category of mixed rights, whose title is in the human nature (dignity), measure is positive regulation of exercising these rights as its internal element.

Źródło:

Ecumeny and Law; 2021, 9, 2; 91-103
2353-4877
2391-4327

Pojawia się w:

Ecumeny and Law

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 38.

Tytuł:

Targeted Killings (Drone strikes) and the European Convention on Human Rights

Autorzy:

Bodnar, Adam
Pacho, Irmina

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/706879.pdf

Data publikacji:

2012

Wydawca:

Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN

Tematy:

ECHR
ECtHR
European Convention on Human Rights
European Court of Human Rights
human rights
drone
targeted killing
international law
Council of Europe
warfare

Opis:

More and more Member States of the Council of Europe are becoming interested in drone technology. Currently, a number of them either possess or wish to obtain unmanned aerial vehicles equipped with missiles. Due to the increased number of targeted killing operations committed with the use of drones by countries such as the United States or Israel, there is a probability that Member States might also use them for such operations, especially if their forces will be subject to joint command. Although the issue of targeted killings with the use of drones has not yet been subject to the scrutiny of the European Court of Human Rights, there are two main reasons why this may change in the near future. First, the Court has already ruled on the extraterritorial applicability of the European Convention on Human Rights, and second, the Convention places strict limits on any attempts to carry out targeted killings and leaves only a limited space for their use, even in the context of warfare. In this article we assess whether the Member States of the Council of Europe might be ever justified under the European Convention on Human Rights to carry out targeted killing operations using drones.

Źródło:

Polish Yearbook of International Law; 2012, 32; 189-208
0554-498X

Pojawia się w:

Polish Yearbook of International Law

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 39.

Tytuł:

Konsekwencje prawne Protokołu nr 30 w sprawie stosowania Karty praw podstawowych Unii Europejskiej do Polski i Zjednoczonego Królestwa
Legal consequences of Protocol (No 30) on the application of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union to Poland and to the United Kingdom

Autorzy:

Jaśkowski, Marek

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/11882686.pdf

Data publikacji:

2013

Wydawca:

Kancelaria Sejmu. Biuro Analiz Sejmowych

Tematy:

Charter of Fundamental Rights
human rights (fundamental rights)
European Union

Opis:

The article examines the legal consequences of Protocol (No 30) on the application of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union to Poland and to the United Kingdom. The author notes that the Charter does not merely confirm the fundamental rights previously recognized in EU law, but also introduces new ones. In the light of this statement it is proposed, that – according to article 1(1) of the Protocol – the Charter does not extend the ability of given courts to examine the compliance of laws and practices of Poland and the UK with the Charter, as far as it introduces these new rights. Article 1(2) of the Protocol excludes the possibility of litigation based on provisions of title IV of the Charter. Article 2 of the Protocol aims at preventing the EU from imposing changes of national laws and practices in certain areas. In the light of provisions of the Charter (particularly article 52(6)) it is however doubtful, whether article 2 constitutes any genuine modification of legal obligations. Finally, the author notes, that according to the predominant view it would be theoretically possible for the Court of Justice of the EU to diminish or even deprive the Protocol of actual practical consequences by making use of general principles of EU law. This however might be regarded as a circumvention of primary EU law and as such deserves negative opinion.

Źródło:

Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS; 2013, 4(40); 29-50
1896-9852
2082-064X

Pojawia się w:

Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 40.

Tytuł:

The Katyń Massacre before the European Court of Human Rights: A Personal Account

Autorzy:

Kamiński, Ireneusz

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/706836.pdf

Data publikacji:

2014-07-25

Wydawca:

Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN

Tematy:

European Court of Human Rights, European Convention on Human Rights, Katyn, war crime, NKVD, Janowiec

Opis:

The author of this article, the lead lawyer for the applicants in the case relating to the 1940 Katyń massacre (Janowiec and Others v. Russia), provides a personal account of the case that was heard twice by the European Court of Human Rights, first as a chamber of seven judges and then in its Grand Chamber formation. The case concerned the key question of whether the Strasbourg Court is competent to adjudicate on the effectiveness of a domestic investigation when the triggering act (killing) precedes the ratification date of the European Convention on Human Rights. For the first time in its entire history, the Strasbourg Court examined whether its competence could be based on the “need to ensure the respect for the Convention’s founding values”, one prong of the test elaborated in the Silih judgment in 2009. The critical assessment of the Grand Chamber’s Katyń judgment offered in this article is based on two considerations: what the Court omitted (the applicants’ arguments referring to the relevant international law practice) and what the Court finally elaborated as its understanding of the two tests establishing the Court’s competence ratione temporis (the “genuine connection” test and “Convention values” test).

Źródło:

Polish Yearbook of International Law; 2013, 33; 205-226
0554-498X

Pojawia się w:

Polish Yearbook of International Law

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 41.

Tytuł:

Rzecznik Praw Obywatelskich i jego aktywność podczas pandemii COVID-19 (wybrane problemy)
Ombudsman and His Activity During the COVID-19 Pandemic (Selected Issues)

Autorzy:

Radek, Robert

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2162175.pdf

Data publikacji:

2022-12-31

Wydawca:

Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek

Tematy:

Rzecznik Praw Obywatelskich
pandemia
prawa obywatelskie
koronawirus
Commissioner for Human Rights
pandemic
human rights
coronavirus

Opis:

The article is devoted to the analysis of the activities of the Commissioner for Human Rights during the COVID-19 pandemic in Poland. The experience to date allows us to conclude the activities of the ombudsman institution and the problems of a social, political and legal nature generated in the state by various regulations aimed at eliminating the virus itself and the consequences of its occurrence. The aim of this article is to draw attention to selected problems related to the specificity of the activities of state institutions in the event of a threat to the health safety of Poles, as well as activities undertaken in the area of administration, health protection and economic activity. The author tries to show that the Ombudsman intensified efforts to protect civil rights during the pandemic and pointed to its critical problems.
Artykuł poświęcony jest analizie działalności Rzecznika Praw Obywatelskich podczas pandemii COVID-19 w Polsce. Dotychczasowe doświadczenia powalają wyciągać wnioski co do działalności instytucji ombudsmana i problemów o charakterze społecznym, politycznym i prawnym, jakie wygenerowały w państwie różne regulacje zmierzające do eliminacji samego wirusa, jak i skutków jego występowania. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest zwrócenie uwagi na wybrane problemy związane ze specyfiką działalności instytucji państwowych, w sytuacji zagrożenia bezpieczeństwa zdrowotnego Polaków, a także działania podejmowane w obszarze administracji, ochrony zdrowia i działalności gospodarczej. Autor stara się wykazać, że Rzecznik Praw Obywatelskich podejmował zintensyfikowane wysiłki na rzecz ochrony praw obywatelskich w okresie pandemii i wskazywał na kluczowe problemy z tym związane.

Źródło:

Przegląd Prawa Konstytucyjnego; 2022, 6(70); 35-49
2082-1212

Pojawia się w:

Przegląd Prawa Konstytucyjnego

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 42.

Tytuł:

Geographic information systems (GIS) as a vital tool in human rights work

Autorzy:

Syryt, Aleksandra

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2191405.pdf

Data publikacji:

2022

Wydawca:

Stowarzyszenie SILGIS

Tematy:

GIS
human rights
humanitarian law
human rights protection
prawa człowieka
prawo humanitarne
ochrona praw człowieka

Opis:

In the face of various local, regional, and global threats, the protection of human rights develops and increases its importance. National and international legal acts define catalogues of human rights and create institutional and procedural conditions for their protection. However, apart from that, it is also necessary to use other tools that will support activities for the protection of human rights in various dimensions while respecting the law. Undoubtedly, one of such tools can be GIS. The potential of GIS is in providing information and responding to a threat, and locating the place and extent of human rights violations, which allows for an ex-post response. GIS can improve geographic literacy and improve our knowledge of where human rights violations are occurring. It can improve public awareness of human rights by placing them geographically. GIS can also support various projects aimed at the protection of human rights. Due to the topicality of the topic and the increase in phenomena affecting human beings and human rights, especially in the context of military operations, it is reasonable to deepen this issue and indicate the detailed scopes of GIS application in the service of human rights. The analysis will also identify the opportunities and risks associated with this tool in achieving human rights objectives.

Źródło:

GIS Odyssey Journal; 2022, 2, 1; 175--186
2720-2682

Pojawia się w:

GIS Odyssey Journal

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 43.

Tytuł:

Prawa człowieka a zatrzymanie i tymczasowe aresztowanie w polskim prawie i praktyce jego stosowania
Human Rights and Detention in Polish Law and Practice

Autorzy:

Bulenda, Teodor
Hołda, Zbigniew
Rzepliński, Andrzej

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/698514.pdf

Data publikacji:

1992

Wydawca:

Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN

Tematy:

prawa człowieka
zatrzymanie tymczasowe
aresztowanie
prawo polskie
human rights
detention
arrest
polish law
human rights

Opis:

The social and political changes in Poland led to abolition of Realsozialismus which is now being replaced with a democratic country governed by Rechtostaat (Art. 1 of the Constitution) from aspirations after national freedom and respect of human rights in public life. The problem of protection of individual freedom made itself particularly felt here; it is also subject of the present paper which discusses the protection of individual subjectivity in the light or the institutions of arrest and detention awaiting trial. Until quite recently, Poland was one of the many Communist countries where human rights were violated much too often, also on the occasion of arrest and detention awaiting trial. Many factors were conductive to this situation, such as faulty legislation; inadequate socjal consciousness; depreciation of the authorities, law and other norms; prevalence of repressiveness in dealing with social pathologies; and absence of social control of the activity of law enforcement agencies, the police and prison staff in particular. But the weakness of legal protection of individual resulted also from a strong relation of the activities of practically all governemental and social bodies those dealing with prosecution and investigation as well as administration of justice included, to politics. This political nature of functioning of those agencies, resulting monopolistic power of the Communist party, led to a limitation of the independance of the judiciary. The adoption of new political principles of Polish State and election of the new Parliament (on June 4, 1989), together with formaion of the non-Communist Cabinet, created the conditions for a new criminal policy based step by step on European standards. The institutions of arrest and detention awaiting trial well illustrate the pathology of functioning of the agencies of legal order and the direction of changes taking place in criminal policy. They also demonstrate a specific paradox; the Polish people’s great devotion to freedom and the simultaneous unfeeling tramling of that freedom. The two institutions have been discussed from the viewpoint of protection of human rights on both the normative plane and in the practice of the years 1980–1990. Arrest is one of the forms of coercion which consists in a short-term deprivation of liberty. The Polish legal system provides for procedural, preventive and administrative arrest. Each of these types has a separate legal regulation (procedural arrest, the Act of 19 April 1969 – Code of criminal procedure; preventive arrest, the Act of 6 June 1990 on the police and another Act bearing that same date on State Protection Office, together with their executory acts; and administrative arrest, the Act of 28 October 1982 on education to sobriety and control of alcoholism). Moreover, each type of arrest is to serve different aims (procedural arrest, protection of propriety of criminal proceedings; preventive arrest, protectton of order and public safety, human life and health, and property; and administrative arrest, control of alcoholism). Also different are the conditions of arrest, the agencies authorized to apply it, and the period for which a person can be detained. The present authors focus mainly on preventive arrest related to the administrative function of the police as guardian of order. That form was particularly abused and human rights were often violated in the course of its execution. Preventive arrest has recently undergone significant changes both in the normative sphere and in practice. As compared to the former one, its present regulation: 1. defines its legal grounds with greater accuracy; 2. broadens the detainee’s rights; and 3. introduced judicial review. This has contributed to the curbing of arbitrary police activities in this sphere. Duration of arrest is specified in the Constitution (Art. 87) and in the provision of Art. 207 of the code of criminal procedure. It cannot be londer than 48 hours from the moment of detention, and 24 hours in the case of administrative arrest (Art. 40 of the act on education to sobriety and control of alcoholism). Violations of these provisions have so far been frequent. In the case of procedural and preventive arrest, the rights of the detainee are the same. According to the valid provisions, the detainee has the following rights among others: the right to be informed in writing as to the time and reasons of arrest; the right to be advised as to the possibility of complaining to the court against the application of that measure, and to the public prosecutor against the way of its execution: the right to health care. The catalogue of the detainee’s rights is insufficient:  e.g. it does not contain the right, to legal assistance (conseul). What particularly impairs the protection of the detainee’s personal interests is the absence of by-laws concerning the execution of arrest in the police house of detention, as the duplicated set of provisions called ,,By-laws for Detainees”, introduced by an order of the Chief of Civic Militia in 1959, hardly comes up to the standards. The provisions now in force have broadened the range  of legal means of vindication of his rights that are at the detainee’s disposal. Particularly notable here is the  reintroduction of the institution of habeas corpus. Namely, the detainee has been granted the right to complain to the court against arrest (Art. 207 point ”a,, of the Code of criminal procedure) and to the public prosecutor against the way of execution of arrest (Art. 15.7 of the Act on the police). If the arrest has been obviously unjustified, the detainee is due indemnity from the Treasury and monetary compensation of moral  injury (Art. 487 of the Code of criminal procedure); the same concerns the situation where he has suffered damage or injury as a result of an improper execution of arest (Art.Art. 417-419 of the Civil code). Besides, the detainee may approach the court with a claim in virtue of protection of his personal interests (Art.Art. 23 and 24 of the civil code). In the latter half of 1990, arrest was executed in 798 police houses of detention all over the country, that is fewer by a whole 71,7 per cent as compared to 1989. The recent changes have made it possible to abolish the division of houses of detention into categories (of which there used to be three according to the duration of detention). The number of arrests amounted to over 500,000 a year at times (with the peak of 572,220 in 1982 – see Table 1). Starting from 1988, it gradually went down to nearly one-third of its original value which reflects above all the general  liberalization of the police approach towards crime and other deviations. In the period under analysis, the living conditions in the police jails were – and still are primitive and many a time offensive to human dignity. This has been confirmed by the present author’s own study and two surveys of those jails carried out by the National Ombudsperson. An acute problem is the right to apply constraint during and upon detention. It is regulated by provisions of the police Act and an Ordinance of the Council of Ministere of 17 September 1990 which specifies the situations, conditions and ways in which direct coercion can be used by the police. Without questioning the grounds for such coercion, not only the legal conditions  of its application but also the faults or even abuses in this sphere have been pointed out. What the authors find the most severe violation of human dignity are neither humiliating conditions of isolation nor illicit prolongation of detention but first and foremost beating of a person after he has surrendered to the power of enforcement officers. Cases of beating have again started growing in number this year (as has been found by the Helsinki Committee in PoIand and the National Ombudsperson). The activities of the public prosecutor’s office in this sphere have been criticised in the article. The paper also discusses the consequences of the introduction of Art. 209 of the Code of criminal procedure which made it possible to commit to the police jails persons detained awaiting trial (for up to ten days or three months), and even those sentenced to a prison term (of up to six months). This provision has recently been quashed, but the police press for its reintroduction. Until quite recently, the police jails were submitted to no supervision whatever. The public prosecutor’s. office remained passive and carried out but most perfunctory supervision, if any. This situation hardly served the protection of detainees’ rights. It was only improved in 1988 when the police jails were submitted to supervision by the Ombudsperson and later also by Commissions: of Administration and Internal Affairs of the Diet and of the Rule of Law and Human Rigths of the Senate, and by other agencies and institutions. Also pre-trial detention is a serious interference with human rights. It is one of the preventive measures provided for by the Code of criminal procedure, and at the stage of execution – by the Code of execution of penalties and the Ordinance of Minister of Justice of 2 May 1989 – by-laws of execution of detention awaiting trial. The discussed measure can be applied by the court, and before the indictment also by the public prosecutor. The present authors find the latter’s right to apply pre-trial detention contradictory to provisions of international law, the covenants ratified by Poland included (see Art. 9,3 of the International Covenant on Political and Civil Rights). The legal provisions fail to specify the upper limit of duration of pre-trial detention. The amendement of the Code of criminal procedure and the changed policy of application of dotention resulted in a fall in the number of those detained awaiting trial. There were 9,722 such detainees on July 31, 1989 (see Tables 4–5). There was also a radical drop in the number of persons detained for over 12  months: in 1990, as few as 0,03 per cent of those kept at the public prosecutor’s disposal had been detained for at least 12 months. However, an alarming upward tendency in the number of persons detained awaiting trial can be noted lately. Discussing the conditions for optional or obligatory pre-trial detention, the authors criticize some of them as estimative in nature, and thus involving the danger of arbitrary use of this measure. The reasoning has been based on decisions of the Supreme Court which is of particular importance for the effective protection of the detainee’s rights. There have been a lot of faults in the practice of application and execution of pre-trial detention which was frequently used as a means of pressure aimed at forcing a person to plead guilty or to denounce an accomplice. In Poland, the application of pre-trail detention is the domain of the public prosecutor’s office. In the years 1975–1989, prosecutors applied this measure in nine out of every ten cases. The population of houses of detention and other penitentiary institutions shaped differently starting from 1945. A comparison of changes in the numer in the number of convicted persons with those of persons detained awaiting trial shows that the latter population was more stable starting from the 1960’s and never changed as radically in number as that of prisoners. That was the case despite the increased frequency of application of detention in the 1970’s. What contributed to this situation above all was the shortening of preparatory proceedings. In the period under analysis, the total number of persons detained awaiting trial in a given year largely approximated that of prisoners in that same year, and showed the same fluctuations resulting from the aggravated or relaxed criminal policy in the country. The trends here have nothing in common with the actual dynamics of crime as such. The authors assume that the number of persons detained awaiting trial reflects decisions in the sphere of criminal policy rather than the actual changes in crime, the economic situation, or even severe political tensions. What is also characteristic of the practice in this respect is the fact of a faulty application of the discussed measure. In the years 1975–1989, at least every 111th and at most every 71st person previously detained awaiting trial was subsequently found not guilty by the court. In some years, there were over 500 such persons. The authors discuss preventive barriers defined by the Supreme Court which are to ban clearly unjustified detention. As follows from analysis of the practical application of conditions for pre-trial detention, the one most frequently quoted was the alleged considerable social danger of the crime. Repressive conditions prevailed over the purely procedural ones. ln order to find out about the actual dimensions of the problem of pre-trial detention, the authors consulted the data concerning the use of preventive measure not involving isolation in criminal proceedings (such measures being financial and non-financial pledge, police supervision, and safe-conduct; see Table 6). It turned out that in the years 1978-1990, preventive measures other than detention awaiting trial never amounted to more than 43,5 and to less than 18 per cent of all preventive measures applied. After the above-mentioned Art. 209 of the code of execution of penalties has been quashed, detention awaiting trial can only be executed in the houses of detention created and run by the Ministry of Justice (Art.Art. 4 and 83 of the code of execution of ponalties). On December 31, 1990, there were 65 such institutions in Poland. Twenty-seven of them had additional wards for convicted persons, while 48 prisons had special wards for those detained awaiting trial. Thus pre-trial detention could be executed in the total of 114 of the 151 institutions of the Prison Department. The houses of detention had the total capacity of  18,263 beds, while the number of detainees was 16,200; the discussed institutions were therefore populated in 88,7 per cent. The rights of the discussed category of detainees are specified in the Code of execution of penalties and by-laws of execution of pre-trial deteotion awaiting trial. What is particularly worthy of attention is the provision which states that the detainee enjoys rights that should at least equal those of a convicted person, and that the only limitations allowed in this sphere are those indispensable for securing the proper course of criminal proceedings, maintaining order and safety in the institution, and preventing mutual demoralization of detainees (Art. 86 para 1 of the Code of execution of penalties). A person detained awaiting trial has many legal measures at his disposal to protect his own rights in relation to the application and execution of detention. Thus the detainee can lodge a complaint with a supreme agency of the penitentiary  administration (Art. 48 para 4 of the Code of execution of penalties); with the public prosecutor and penitentiary judge (Art.Art. 27–33 and 48 point 5); to the  supreme State agencies, the National Ombudsperson included (Art. 48 point 5); he may apeal against a decision of the administration of the house of detention concerning the actual execution of that measure to the penitentiary court (Art. I4,l of the Code of execution of penaltes); he may also sue the Treasury for damage suffered during detention by guilt of functionaries of the penitentiary administration (Art.Art. 417–l9 of the Civil code); he may claim indemnity for obviously unjustified detention (Art.Art. 487–49l of the Code of criminal  procedure); and he may bring legal action by virtue of infringement of his personal interests (Art.Art. 23–24 of the Civil code). As shown by experience, the persons detained awaiting trial either never resort to some of these means or do that ineffectively. The living conditions of the discussed category of detainees are specified mainly in the by-laws of pre-trial detention. Many faults and shortcomings have  been found here in practice. Some of such faults were so drastic as to make it necessary to close several houses of detention in 1990 to mention just one example (the institutions were either liquidated or designed for repairs). The authors also assume an attitude towards the treatment of some categories of offenders (women, particularly dangerous detainees, persons with mental disorders, HIV carriers), and discuss the treatment of juvenile detainees. Ending the paper, the authors stress the gradual improvement in the treatment of detainees since 1989. It results both from the legislative changes and from a relatively liberal criminal policy. The legal and to some extent also the organizational conditions have been created for implementation of the rule of law. Further changes are necessary, though, including in particular the passing of a new Constitution and penal codes. The drafts of the latter suggest, many new solutions in the sphere of arrest and detention awaiting trial which would make those institutions meet the European standards. What can considered valuable are the trends towards limiting the application of the two measures, specifying the conditions of their application, importantly, extending the guaranties of detainees’ rights.

Źródło:

Archiwum Kryminologii; 1992, XVIII; 103-146
0066-6890
2719-4280

Pojawia się w:

Archiwum Kryminologii

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 44.

Tytuł:

Teoretycznoprawne aspekty operacjonalizacji ochrony praw człowieka w państwie z perspektywy globalnego systemu prawa (Zarys problematyki)
Theoretical Aspects of Operationalization of Protection of Human Rights in a State From the Perspective of Global System of Law (An Outline

Autorzy:

Liżewski, Bartosz

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/950098.pdf

Data publikacji:

2015-06-15

Wydawca:

Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu

Tematy:

human rights
operationalisation of human rights protection
value
legal order
decision-making process
controlling mechanism

Opis:

The article is devoted to the presentation of the outline of the concept of operationalization of human rights taking place in the states involved in the system of international protection of those rights. The concept of operationalization of protection is a collective term for a series of processes that lead to the establishment of legal provisions protecting human rights, and to transfer this abstract construct to specific societies. It includes both the decision-making processes of extralegal (uprising idea, its conceptualization, social issues and change the perception of axiology of society, cultural aspects) and legal (lawmaking and law application processes in the aspect of human rights and the impact of international institutions on them) character. The essence of the process of operationalization is providing effective protection of human rights in a state. The concept is set primarily on the consequences of membership of Poland in the system of the Council of Europe.

Źródło:

Filozofia Publiczna i Edukacja Demokratyczna; 2015, 4, 1; 198-228
2299-1875

Pojawia się w:

Filozofia Publiczna i Edukacja Demokratyczna

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 45.

Tytuł:

How Could It Go So Wrong? Reformatio in Peius before the Grand Chamber of the ECtHR in the case Janowiec and Others v. Russia (or Polish Collective Memory Deceived in Strasbourg)

Autorzy:

Sanz-Caballero, Susana

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/706824.pdf

Data publikacji:

2014-07-25

Wydawca:

Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN

Tematy:

European Court of Human Rights, European Convention on Human Rights, Katyn, war crime, NKVD, Janowiec

Opis:

During Perestroika, Russian authorities admitted publicly that, during Stalinism, a single order led to the extrajudicial execution of 26,000 Polish nationals (in what became known as the “Katyń forest massacre”). In 1990 Russia commenced criminal investigations, but they were discontinued and results were classified as secret in 2004. Following years of silence under communism, families of the victims demanded information from the Russian authorities, without results. The ECHR entered into force in Russia in 1998. This article analyzes the case Janowiec and Others v. Russia, brought before the Strasbourg Court by the relatives of the victims of the Katyń massacre. The applicants maintained that Russia violated the ECHR by discontinuing the investigation and failing to account for the fate of prisoners. In their opinion, Article 2 (right to life), and Article 3 (prohibition of torture and inhuman treatment) had been violated. This article compares the reasoning of the Court in the Chamber (2012) and Grand Chamber (2013) rulings. The latter produced a reformatio in peius with respect to the applicants’ interests. Grand Chamber ruled it had no competence either over the atrocity or over the subsequent improper treatment by Russian authorities. With this verdict, it deprived the applicants of the only claim upon which the Chamber had earlier ruled in their favour.

Źródło:

Polish Yearbook of International Law; 2013, 33; 259-278
0554-498X

Pojawia się w:

Polish Yearbook of International Law

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 46.

Tytuł:

Do the “Underlying Values” of the European Convention on Human Rights Begin in 1950?

Autorzy:

Schabas, William

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/706941.pdf

Data publikacji:

2014-07-25

Wydawca:

Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN

Tematy:

European Court of Human Rights, European Convention on Human Rights, Katyn, war crime, NKVD, Janowiec

Opis:

Prior to its ruling in Janowiec and Others v. Russia, the Grand Chamber of the European Court of Human Rights had recognised a “humanitarian exception” to the general rule by which the procedural obligations imposed by articles 2 and 3 of the European Convention only arise if the substantive violation of the Convention occurs after the entry into force of the Convention for the respondent State. In Janowiec, the Court was invited to apply this “humanitarian exception” to one of the great unpunished atrocities perpetrated on European soil in the past century. The Court declined to do so, mechanistically imposing its own temporal limitation on the “humanitarian exception” by which the substantive violation of the right to life and the prohibition of ill treatment must take place after the adoption of the Convention on 4 November 1950. The essay concludes that this limitation is questionable, that the reasoning behind it is dubious, and that the result is a regrettable confirmation of a situation of impunity.

Źródło:

Polish Yearbook of International Law; 2013, 33; 247-258
0554-498X

Pojawia się w:

Polish Yearbook of International Law

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 47.

Tytuł:

Janowiec and Others v. Russia: A Long History of Justice Delayed Turned into a Permanent Case of Justice Denied

Autorzy:

Citroni, Gabriella

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/706674.pdf

Data publikacji:

2014-07-25

Wydawca:

Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN

Tematy:

European Court of Human Rights, European Convention on Human Rights, Katyn, war crime, NKVD, Janowiec

Opis:

The European Court of Human Rights ruled on whether Russia is responsible for human rights violations in relation to the Katyń massacre. Two of the major issues that had to be dealt with were the Court’s competence ratione temporis to assess the violation of the procedural obligations related to the right to life, and whether the applicants could be considered victims of inhumane treatment because of the failure of Russian authorities to provide information on the fate and whereabouts of their relatives. If the first judgment issued by the Chamber on 16 April 2012 was criticized because of its restrictive approach, the one issued by the Grand Chamber on 21 October 2013 took an even more controversial turn. The reasoning of the Court does not seem to be particularly sound and the outcome is a denial of justice. The comparison with the jurisprudence of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights in similar cases makes this all the more evident, suggesting that the application of different interpretative criteria would have been possible.

Źródło:

Polish Yearbook of International Law; 2013, 33; 279-294
0554-498X

Pojawia się w:

Polish Yearbook of International Law

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 48.

Tytuł:

The Case of Janowiec and Others v. Russia: Relinquishment of Jurisdiction in Favour of the Court of History

Autorzy:

Kozheurov, Yaroslav

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/706762.pdf

Data publikacji:

2014-07-25

Wydawca:

Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN

Tematy:

European Court of Human Rights, European Convention on Human Rights, Katyn, war crime, NKVD, Janowiec

Opis:

In the Janowiec and Others v. Russia case, the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR), trying to find its way between the Scylla of humanitarian ideals and the Charybdis of State sovereignty, demonstrated its unwillingness to deal in detail with the black pages of Europe’s past, handing this right over to historians. The article first draws parallels between temporary jurisdiction of the Inter-American Courts of Human Rights and the ECtHR. Both of them found ways to overcome the non-retroactivity principle, but by using different techniques. Secondly the article analyzes how the presumption of death became the factor severing the link between the substantive and procedural limbs of violation of the right to life, turning the latter aspect into a detachable autonomous obligation. Finally, the author of the article expresses his regrets that the Court and the applicants missed the chance to develop the “right to the truth”, using, inter alia, the potential of Art. 10 of the European Convention on Human Rights.

Źródło:

Polish Yearbook of International Law; 2013, 33; 227-246
0554-498X

Pojawia się w:

Polish Yearbook of International Law

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 49.

Tytuł:

Ochrona praw człowieka w globalnym świecie na przykładzie działalności Free West Papua Campaign Poland
Protection of Human Rights in the Global World: The Instance of Free West Papua Campaign Poland

Autorzy:

Dombrowska, Kamila

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/16024964.pdf

Data publikacji:

2018-06-15

Wydawca:

Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu

Tematy:

globalization
glocality
human rights
Oceania
Papua

Opis:

Globalization processes entail increased flow of people, ideas and commodities,which to a certain degree are independent of limitations imposed by temporal and spatial barriers. The aim of this paper is to present practices which take advantage of opportunities resulting from globalization, on the example of Polish involvement in human rights protection in the Republic of Indonesia.  

Źródło:

Studia Europaea Gnesnensia; 2018, 17; 391-409
2082-5951

Pojawia się w:

Studia Europaea Gnesnensia

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 50.

Tytuł:

Europeanisation and Internationalisation of LGBT Rights in Poland

Autorzy:

Jartyś, Janusz

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2031552.pdf

Data publikacji:

2015-12-31

Wydawca:

Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek

Tematy:

Europeisation
human rights
internationalisation
LGBT
Polska

Opis:

The development of the civil society in Poland post-1989 has put the LGBT movement on the map of the country’s social landscape. As a corollary, it has also led to a greater social engagement of the non-heterosexual community striving for recognition of its demands. The establishment of the Campaign Against Homophobia (KPH) and the spread of the Internet in Poland have raised the Polish society’s awareness of the LGBT movement and made it part of the country’s political discourse. On the other hand, the perceived threat to the established conservative values of the Polish society has galvanised the opponents of the non-heterosexual community and its demands. The resulting dispute between the supporters and opponents of the LGBT movement and its professed ideas has placed the issue on the agenda of the Polish political parties.

Źródło:

Reality of Politics; 2015, 6; 9-19
2082-3959

Pojawia się w:

Reality of Politics

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

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