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Tytuł:
Political Preferences of QCA Methods Institutes? A Comment on the Availability and Gender Gap Disparity Problems
Autorzy:
Tatarczyk, Dawid
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1375457.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-07-03
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Śląski. Wydział Nauk Społecznych
Tematy:
QCA
methods institutes
gender gap
Opis:
In this research note, I examine a set of two interrelated questions about the Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) methods institutes. First, I assembled and analyzed a novel dataset that tracks every QCA related training worldwide from 2002 to 2018. My examination finds that although QCA trainings are becoming more popular in Europe, the US is still the single most frequent host country for such events. Secondly, I examine the extent to which gender gap exists among QCA instructors. My findings show that female QCA instructors are severely under-represented, which likely limits their academic and professional opportunities. Thus, the QCA research community appears to be marked by the same structural challenges to diversity and gender equality as other areas of political science. Overall, this paper should of interest to scholars interested in the impact of academic infrastructures on future research trajectories as well as those concerned about gender equality in academia.
Źródło:
Political Preferences; 2021, 28; 23-31
2449-9064
Pojawia się w:
Political Preferences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Gender Differences in Educational Attainment: The Evidence from the European Union Countries
Autorzy:
Głodowska, Agnieszka Elżbieta
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1197732.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-01-16
Wydawca:
Akademia Ignatianum w Krakowie
Tematy:
gender
gender gap
education
level of education
European Union
Opis:
RESEARCH OBJECTIVE: The aim of the article is to present the results of the analysis on diversity of the education attainment of women and men in the European Union countries. By implementing such a purpose, it is possible to present not only heterogeneity in education on the basis of gender but also disproportions between individual EU countries. THE RESEARCH PROBLEM AND METHODS: The article raises three important research problems: education, gender equality and diversification within the European Union countries. The analysis covers 28 EU countries and a period of 10 years: 2007 - 2016. The research method used in the paper is the analysis and criticism of the literature and taxonomic analysis using a set of diagnostic variables describing selected aspects of education. THE PROCESS OF ARGUMENTATION: The line of reasoning consists of three essential elements. The first part presents the problem of education with particular emphasis on gender gap according to international literature on the subject. The second part contains description of the research tools and methods. Part three of the article presents the results of the comparative study in the field of education of woman and man in the European Union members. RESEARCH RESULTS: The research results are consistent with previous studies indicating that the level of education of women is higher than that of men. The level of diversity of education of women and men in individual EU countries is moderate. Among the most educated economies, the Scandinavian countries should be indicated. On the other side are the countries of southern Europe. The most numerous group of countries are countries with a moderately high and medium-high level of education. CONCLUSIONS, INNOVATIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS: This type of research can have significant useful value for shaping the education policy of women and men and other development policies. Considering the importance of education of women and men, there are definitely more possibilities of confronting the results of research with various areas of the economy. The lack of this is definitely disadvantage of the elaboration. On the other hand, this is a significant impulse and recommendation for continuing and deepening research in this area.
Źródło:
Horyzonty Wychowania; 2018, 17, 43; 221-230
1643-9171
2391-9485
Pojawia się w:
Horyzonty Wychowania
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
‘It’s all for girls’: re-visiting the gender gap in New Age spiritualities
Autorzy:
Trzebiatowska, Marta
Bruce, Steve
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/641015.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Jagielloński. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego
Tematy:
gender gap
New Age spiritualities
health-seeking
masculinity
Opis:
Women’s disproportionate involvement in religion has been the subject of debate in the sociology of religion for some time. In particular, the gender gap in New Age spiritualities appears considerably greater than that found in the congregational sphere of mainstream religion. This article argues that there is nothing in being a woman per se that may attract an individual to certain spiritual activities but rather, that it is the elective affinity between women as a group and such activities that creates the impression of a direct appeal. Much of the holistic spirituality milieu is designed by women for women, not least the most popular elements concerned with healing and well-being. It is therefore possible that the initial gap between men and women is small but it becomes subsequently reinforced and widened due to the gendered nature of alternative spirituality courses, workshops and treatments.
Źródło:
Studia Religiologica; 2013, 46, 1; 17-33
0137-2432
2084-4077
Pojawia się w:
Studia Religiologica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The gender gap in pensions in Italy and Poland
Luka emerytalna w emeryturach mężczyzn i kobiet we Włoszech i w Polsce
Autorzy:
Rinaldi, A.
Dawidowicz, D.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2080821.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny w Szczecinie. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane ZUT w Szczecinie
Tematy:
gender gap
pension system
pension gap
plec
system emerytalny
luka emerytalna
Opis:
The article discusses the gender pension gap understood as the difference between the amounts of pensions received by men and women, focusing on Italy and Poland. It analyzes the inequalities and changes in men’s and women’s pensions and identifies the causes of such inequalities. As a result of the analysis, an attempt is made to identify the most important factors affecting inequalities in the pension amounts. The study finds that the retirement age gap and the related years in employment figures for men and women have a significant impact on the pension gap, in addition to the existence of the pay gap between the two sexes. Life expectancy and the working and post-working age population structure are factors that affect the pension gap even further. A comparison between Italy and Poland allows for the conclusion that although the pension gap is present in both the countries, the former presents a lower one than the latter. Moreover, the actions planned to be taken in Italy are bound to reduce the gap even further. On the contrary, not only is Poland’s pension gap widening, but there are also few factors likely to restrain it in the future.
Źródło:
Folia Pomeranae Universitatis Technologiae Stetinensis. Oeconomica; 2019, 95; 17-32
2081-0644
Pojawia się w:
Folia Pomeranae Universitatis Technologiae Stetinensis. Oeconomica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
GENDER PAY GAP IN THE MICRO LEVEL – CASE OF POLAND
Autorzy:
Śliwicki, Dominik
Ryczkowski, Maciej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/453112.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Szkoła Główna Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie. Katedra Ekonometrii i Statystyki
Tematy:
gender pay gap
wage inequality
Opis:
The paper analyzes the size of the GPG in enterprises located in Poland and with at least 10 employees. For this purpose a linear model is constructed for individual data that allows to distinguish the influence of sex, occupation and education on the earnings. That allows to explain the size of income discrepancies caused by external, objective factors and assess the magnitude of sex discrimination.
Źródło:
Metody Ilościowe w Badaniach Ekonomicznych; 2014, 15, 1; 159-173
2082-792X
Pojawia się w:
Metody Ilościowe w Badaniach Ekonomicznych
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Gender Gap in Political Knowledge in Poland
Autorzy:
Kunovich, Robert M.
Kunovich, Sheri
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1810815.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016-03-30
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Socjologiczne
Tematy:
political knowledge
gender gap
political engagement
political interest
Polska
Opis:
This paper utilizes nationally representative survey data to examine the gender gap in political knowledge in Poland. Political knowledge was assessed by asking respondents to indicate whether each of twelve national political parties was currently in the ruling coalition. We use motivation, ability, and opportunity to explain political knowledge. We predict answering ‘don’t know’ as well as answering all questions correctly. Political interest, educational attainment, previous voting behavior, having children, and age predict ‘don’t know’ responses for men and women. Having access to cable or satellite TV appears to reduce ‘don’t know’ responses, but only for men. All else being equal, men and women are equally likely to answer ‘don’t know.’ Political interest, educational attainment, previous voting behavior, age, and self-esteem predict perfect scores for women and men. Religious attendance increases perfect scores, but only for women. The gender gap in perfect scores remains significant despite controls.
Źródło:
Polish Sociological Review; 2016, 193, 1; 33-48
1231-1413
2657-4276
Pojawia się w:
Polish Sociological Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Regularities in the gender gap in life expectancy at birth in European post-communist countries
Autorzy:
Michalski, Tomasz
Szymańska, Wioletta
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1827565.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-12-30
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
gender gap
life expectancy at birth
European post-communist countries
Opis:
The aim of the article is to find patterns in the gender gap in life expectancy at birth in European post-communist countries. The analysis covers the years 1990–2018. Larger differences occur in the countries of the former USSR, smaller ones on the Balkan Peninsula. Belonging to the USSR (larger gap) and the Ottoman Empire (smaller gap) in the past has a great influence of the gender gap. In half of the analysed countries, the gender gap decreased. In a quarter, after an initial increase, there was also a decrease in the gender gap (some countries of the former USSR). Moreover, in a quarter of the countries, these changes were ambiguous (some countries on the Balkan Peninsula). One can see here the impact of an improving economic situation of the population. An attempt to link the gender gap and life expectancy with the ’homo-sovieticus’ requires further research.
Źródło:
Studia Demograficzne; 2020, 178, 2; 35-52
0039-3134
Pojawia się w:
Studia Demograficzne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Impact of Gender Wage Gap on Sectoral Economic Growth – Cross-country Approach
Autorzy:
Wolszczak-Derlacz, Joanna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/517291.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Instytut Badań Gospodarczych
Tematy:
gender wage gap
economic growth
manufacturing sectors
Opis:
We propose an empirical analysis of testing the relationship between gender wage gap and economic growth. The study takes into account 12 manufacturing sectors in 18 OECD countries for the period between 1970 and 2005.We use industrial statistics (EU KLEMS, 2008) on female and male wages that distinguish between wages paid to different groups of workers classified according to skill level: high, medium and low. We estimate augmented production function where the male-female wage differentials constitute a potential channel influencing growth (posi-tively or negatively). Our research is motivated by the ambiguous results of previous empirical studies (e.g.: Seguiono 2000; Busse, Spielmann 2006; Seguino 2011; Schober, Winter-Ebmer 2011). Our main findings indicate that gender wage gap for high, medium and low-skilled workers is negatively correlated with sectoral growth. This results are confirmed in a number of robustness checks.
Źródło:
Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy; 2013, 8, 3; 103-122
1689-765X
2353-3293
Pojawia się w:
Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Regional Differences in Gender Wage Gaps in Poland: New Estimates Based on Harmonized Data for Wages
Autorzy:
Majchrowska, Aleksandra
Strawiński, Paweł
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2076474.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
gender wage gap
Polska
regional labour markets
Opis:
The aim of this paper was to estimate the gender wage gap in Poland and in the 16 NUTS2 Polish regions in 2010, and to verify the predictions of the spatial monopsony model for Poland with a newly created, harmonized database for wages of individuals in Poland. According to the model, the unexplained part of the gender wage gap, identified with wage discrimination, tend to be lower in regions with more competition between employers. The results of the analyses performed in this paper show that in more urbanized regions the average wages are higher than in the rural ones. In each of the 16 NUTS2 Polish regions, women earn less than men. Raw differences in wages between men and women are largest in the most urbanized regions but a significant part of the differences in those regions can be explained by differences in workers’ characteristics, especially by different sectoral structure of employment. The part of the gender wage gap which remains unexplained, and in the literature is commonly attached to discrimination, is the highest in rural regions of Eastern Poland in line with the predictions of the spatial monopsony model
Źródło:
Central European Journal of Economic Modelling and Econometrics; 2016, 2; 115-141
2080-0886
2080-119X
Pojawia się w:
Central European Journal of Economic Modelling and Econometrics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Szacunki luki płacowej w Polsce w ujęciu regionalnym
Estimates of gender pay gap in Poland in regional terms
Autorzy:
Śliwicki, Dominik
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/955350.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet w Białymstoku. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku
Tematy:
gender pay gap
discrimination
luka płacowa
dyskryminacja
Opis:
Celem artykułu jest określenie wpływu metody szacunku średniego wynagrodzenia na wielkość oraz kierunek luki płacowej w Polsce w ujęciu regionalnym. Luka płacowa pomiędzy mężczyznami a kobietami jest negatywnym zjawiskiem badanym i opisywanym w coraz szerszym kontekście. Środowiska naukowe oraz praktycy polityki społecznej wykształcili metody pozwalające na pomiar wielkości luki. Metodologia stosowana przez organy Unii Europejskiej dostarcza tzw. nieskorygowanych szacunków luki płacowej, czyli takich, które nie uwzględniają indywidualnych cech mężczyzn i kobiet. W artykule zaprezentowano szacunki luki płacowej według województw, uzyskane dzięki metodologii europejskiej z wykorzystaniem ośmiu różnych wielkości charakteryzujących przeciętne wynagrodzenia osiągane przez mężczyzn i kobiety.
The aim of the paper is to determine the impact of average pay estimation on the size and direction of the pay gap in Poland in regional terms. The pay gap between men and women is a negative phenomenon that has been analysed and described in an increasingly broader context. Scientific communities and social policy practitioners have developed methods for measuring the size of the gap. The methodology used by the bodies of the European Union allows researchers to obtain the so called unadjusted wage gap estimates, i.e. ones that do not take into account the individual characteristics of men and women. The paper presents the wage gap estimates by province, calculated on the basis of the European methodology, with the use of eight different variables which characterise the average pay earned by men and women.
Źródło:
Optimum. Economic Studies; 2017, 4(88); 154-169
1506-7637
Pojawia się w:
Optimum. Economic Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Assessing the gender wage gap: Turkey in the years 2002-2019
Autorzy:
Koral, Zeynep Aktaş
Mercan, Murat Anıl
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1837687.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-03-30
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny w Poznaniu
Tematy:
gender wage gap
gender wage discrimination
selection bias
Turkey
Opis:
This study investigates the wage diefrential and discrimination between genders in Turkey based on data taken from the nationally representative Turkish Household Labour Survey for 2002 to 2019. The Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition technique was used which was then integrated into the Heckman's selection correction procedure. It was found that the gender wage gap is small in the Turkish labour market, while most of this gap originates from the discrimination against women. In addition ignoring the occupational and sectoral effects on the gender wage gap could result in underestimation of the discrimination effects both directly and indirectly through higher human capital of female employees. Lastly all these indicate that the results could likely be specific to the data set.
Źródło:
Economics and Business Review; 2021, 7, 1; 90-112
2392-1641
Pojawia się w:
Economics and Business Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
WAGES INEQUALITIES BETWEEN MEN AND WOMEN: EUROSTAT SES METADATA ANALYSIS APPLYING ECONOMETRIC MODELS
Autorzy:
Matuszewska-Janica, Aleksandra
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/453820.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Szkoła Główna Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie. Katedra Ekonometrii i Statystyki
Tematy:
labor market
the wage gap
the gender wage gap
SES
Opis:
In this paper there are presented the results of investigation of the various factors impact on the level of male and female wages inequality. These factors are as follows: level of wages in employees group in comparison to the national average wages, the proportion of women in the group of employees, women labor market activity in the states, and variables such as the age, job seniority, level of education of the employees, type of employment contract, occupation (ISCO88), branch where the enterprises operate (NACE rev. 1.1), size of the company and collective pay agreement.
Źródło:
Metody Ilościowe w Badaniach Ekonomicznych; 2014, 15, 1; 113-124
2082-792X
Pojawia się w:
Metody Ilościowe w Badaniach Ekonomicznych
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Differences in income distributions for men and women in the European Union countries
Autorzy:
Landmesser, Joanna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/22446427.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Instytut Badań Gospodarczych
Tematy:
gender pay gap
differences in distributions
decomposition methods
Opis:
Research background: Recently there has been an increase in interest in the studies of income inequalities. The findings of numerous empirical studies show that males earn higher wages than females. A variety of techniques of income inequalities decomposition are becoming popular. New procedures go far beyond the Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition. They allow to study differences of income distributions for various groups of people and to decompose them at various quantile points. Purpose of the article: The aim of the paper is to compare personal income distributions in selected countries of the European Union, taking into account gender differences. Methods: First, we examined the income inequalities between men and women in each country using the Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition procedure. The unexplained part of the gender pay gap gave us information about the wage discrimination. Second, we extended the decomposition procedure to different quantile points along the whole income distribution. To describe differences between the incomes of men and women, we constructed the so-called counterfactual distribution, which is a mixture of a conditional distribution of the dependent variable (income) and a distribution of the explanatory variables (individual people?s characteristics). Then, we utilized the residual imputation approach (JMP-approach). Findings & Value added: In the article data from EU-SILC (Statistics on Income and Living Conditions) were used. We found that there exists an important diversity in the size of the gender pay gap across members of the European Union. The results obtained for these countries allowed us to group them into clusters. In general, there are two types of countries in Europe: the countries, where the bulk of the observed income differences cannot be explained by observed characteristics, and the countries, where the explained and the unexplained effects are both positive, with even a bigger explained effect for the lower income ranges.
Źródło:
Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy; 2019, 14, 1; 81-98
1689-765X
2353-3293
Pojawia się w:
Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Sustainable Development versus Gender Gap – Do Women Matter?
Zrównoważony rozwój a nierówne traktowanie płci – czy kobiety mają znaczenie?
Autorzy:
Domańska, Ada
Żukowska, Beata
Zajkowski, Robert
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/973013.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Komitet Człowiek i Środowisko PAN
Tematy:
sustainable development
pillars of sustainable development
gender gap
rozwój zrównoważony
filary zrównoważonego rozwoju
Opis:
Striving for sustainable development of society and economy is a concept that for decades has been the subject of scientific inquiry. Additionally, the sustainable development concept is based on three main and overlapping pillars (social, economic and environmental). Maintaining balance between them is only way to achieve at least acceptable effects of sustainable development. Analyses in this field have focused on identification of boosters and inhibitors of sustainable development. Taking into consideration this context in our paper, the analyses were devoted to identifying whether a smaller gender gap level (e.g. incentives, political engagement, and education) aligns with higher results in obtaining sustainable development goals. Three hypotheses were formulated that state that mitigating the gender gap supports the social, economic and environmental pillars of sustainable development. Indeed, the results of our study show that in particular, a smaller gender gap related to educational attainment and political empowerment of females is connected positively with higher levels of sustainable development of the three pillars in specific countries. The final conclusion is that diminishment of inequality between females and males supports harmonious and sustainable development of societies in social, economic and environmental dimensions.
Dążenie do zrównoważonego rozwoju społeczeństwa i gospodarki jest ideą, która od dekad stanowi przedmiot zainteresowania badaczy. Jej podstawę stanowią trzy główne, zintegrowane filary (społeczny, ekonomiczny oraz odnoszący się do środowiska naturalnego). Wskazuje się, że zachowanie równowagi pomiędzy nimi wydaje się być sposobem na uzyskanie co najmniej zadowalających efektów długoterminowego rozwoju społeczno-ekonomicznego. Do szczególnie ważnych aspektów badawczych w tym obszarze zalicza się analizy, których celem jest zarówno identyfikacja czynników sprzyjających, jak i przeciwdziałających zrównoważonemu rozwojowi. Podobne wątki poruszone zostały w prezentowanym artykule. Jego celem głównym było ustalenie, czy mniejszy poziom dysproporcji pomiędzy kobietami i mężczyznami (gender gap – np. pod względem dochodów, zaangażowania politycznego, wykształcenia itp.) posiada dodatnie związki z miernikami zrównoważonego rozwoju. Postawione zostały trzy hipotezy badawcze, zgodnie z którymi zmniejszanie gender gap wykazuje pozytywny wpływ na społeczny, ekonomiczny oraz środowiskowy aspekt zrównoważonego rozwoju. Szczegółowe wyniki pokazały, że zmniejszanie luki związanej z poziomem edukacji kobiet i mężczyzn, jak również włączanie kobiet w procesy i decyzje polityczne, w bezpośredni lub pośredni sposób przekłada się na wyższy poziom zrównoważonego rozwoju społeczeństw w jego trzech wymiarach. Konkludując, stwierdzić można z pełną odpowiedzialnością, że zmniejszanie dysproporcji pomiędzy przedstawicielkami płci żeńskiej i męskiej sprzyja harmonijnemu i zrównoważonemu rozwojowi społeczeństwa w wymiarze społecznym, ekonomicznym oraz środowiskowym.
Źródło:
Problemy Ekorozwoju; 2019, 14, 2; 129-142
1895-6912
Pojawia się w:
Problemy Ekorozwoju
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Gender Gap in the Religiosity of Polish Society
Autorzy:
Mandes, Sławomir
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1790261.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-06-18
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Socjologiczne
Tematy:
Gender
religion
sociology of religion
gender gap in the religiosity
men’s religiosity
women’s religiosity
Opis:
A gender gap in the religiosity of men and women is one of the classical topic of sociology and psychology of religion. Until recently, however, most of the researcher were conducted in Western European and the USA, which calls into question the thesis about the universality of this phenomenon. Hitherto no systematic analysis of gender gap in the religiosity was conducted for Poland. The following text has one descriptive and one explanatory purpose. It seeks to provide answers to the following questions: (1) Does the GGR exist in Poland, and, if so, to which extent and in which dimension of religiosity? Which GGR is persistent, and which changes over time?; and (2) Do structural variables or ideology explain the observed GGR change in time and in which dimension of religiosity? Do we observe the same trend across all dimensions of religiosity?
Źródło:
Polish Sociological Review; 2021, 214, 2; 221-240
1231-1413
2657-4276
Pojawia się w:
Polish Sociological Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
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