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Tytuł:
STABILIZING ROLE OF FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT IN EFFECTING EXPORTS – CASE STUDY OF POLAND
Autorzy:
Borowicz, Aleksandra
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/450568.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Gdański. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Gdańskiego
Tematy:
Foreign Direct Investment
Foreign Trade
Opis:
The article raises the issue of the relations between foreign direct investment and exports, quoting the example of Poland. Most of the research done so far raises the issue of substitutability and complementarity of these phenomena. In their research of macroeconomic nature, authors such as Stehn, Stępniak and Markusen (Stępniak, 2005; Markusen et al, 1996) have proved that definitely in most cases we are dealing with complementarity of FDI in relation to foreign trade of the countries. Using the most up-to-date research regarding foreign investment (Melitz, 2003; Krugman), in this article I am trying to present FDI as that element of economic life that stabilizes exports, taking into account today’s context related to the economic crisis. Referring already in the first part to the research done also in Poland by the National Bank of Poland, I have presented FDI as a factor maintaining Poland’s exports on a high level despite temporary capital outflow. The inflow of capital in the form of FDI to Poland is done in particular by companies from developed countries that are first of all looking for a location to move their own operations and reduce costs. Secondly, Poland is attractive as a location because of the availability of large markets. On the one hand, by operating in Poland, being an EU member, they get access to the EU internal market, while on the other they get close to the Russian market. Consequently, in their strategy for internationalizing their operations, investors making a capital involvement are planning to carry out their export operations dynamically.
Źródło:
International Journal of Emerging and Transition Economies (IJETE); 2012, 5, 1-2; 29-45
1308-2701
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Emerging and Transition Economies (IJETE)
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Determinants and effects of Chinese foreign direct investment in the economy of Ukraine
Autorzy:
Ukraynets, Lilia
Horin, Nataliya
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1394592.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-06-30
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Gdański. Instytut Geografii
Tematy:
China
foreign trade
foreign economic relations
foreign direct investment
Ukraine
Opis:
The article analyzes Chinese foreign direct investment in the economy of Ukraine at the present stage. China is as an important partner for Ukraine, not only in the field of foreign trade and investment but also for the implementation of the strategic vector of Ukraine’s economic development and its integration into the modern world economy. The empirical study shows that Chinese investors receive additional incentives to invest in Ukraine if there is a prior positive investment experience, increasing market potential and openness, and economic freedom. As Ukraine is generally perceived as a path to European markets, the signing of the Association Agreement with the EU is a positive factor. However, Chinese investors’ readiness to support corruption schemes in the Ukrainian economy arouses concern. Therefore, in order to enhance and improve the structure of investment flows from China, it is necessary to take a number of measures to overcome corruption.
Źródło:
Journal of Geography, Politics and Society; 2021, 11, 2; 9-19
2084-0497
2451-2249
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Geography, Politics and Society
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Uwarunkowania sytuacji finansowej przedsiębiorstw z udziałem kapitału zagranicznego w Polsce w latach 2010-2015
DETERMINANTS OF FINANCIAL SITUATION OF ENTERPRISES WITH FOREIGN CAPITAL IN POLAND IN 2010-2015
Autorzy:
Hybel, Jan
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/446882.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Mazowiecka Uczelnia Publiczna w Płocku
Tematy:
foreign capital
foreign direct investment
share capital
a company with foreign capital
Opis:
Celem opracowania jest próba oceny sytuacji finansowej przedsiębiorstw z kapitałem zagranicznym w Polsce w latach 2010-2015. Przedstawiono najpierw zmiany w dynamice BIZ, ich rozmieszczenie oraz formy napływu. Następnie zbadano rolę BIZ w tworzeniu miejsc pracy i w rozwoju eksportu i importu. Wykonano analizę porównawczą sytuacji finansowej przedsiębiorstw z kapitałem zagranicznym na tle ogółu przedsiębiorstw z kapitałem krajowym Wyniki analizy potwierdziły wyższą efektywność przedsiębiorstw z udziałem kapitału zagranicznego, mierzoną wielkością zysku, wskaźnikami zatrudnienia i wydajności pracy, rentowności i płynności finansowej.
The aim of the study is an attempt to assess the financial situation of enterprises with foreign capital in Poland in 2010-2015. The paper presents changes in the dynamics of FDI, their distribution and forms of inflow. The role of FDI in job creation and the development of exports and imports has also been explored. The paper presents the results of a comparative analysis of the financial situation of enterprises with foreign capital against the background of the total number of enterprises with national capital. The results of the analysis showed that companies with foreign capital get better results as measured by profit, employment rates and labor productivity, profitability and financial liquidity. Słowa kluczowe: kapitał zagraniczny, bezpośrednie inwestycje zagraniczne, kapitał podstawowy, spółka z kapitałem zagranicznym
Źródło:
Zeszyty Naukowe PWSZ w Płocku. Nauki Ekonomiczne; 2017, 1(25); 9-25
1644-888X
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Naukowe PWSZ w Płocku. Nauki Ekonomiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Foreign direct investment in ukrainian economy. Effects of foreign direct investment involvment
Autorzy:
Maslak, O. O.
Satalkina, L. O.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/410775.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Oddział w Lublinie PAN
Tematy:
foreign direct investment
effects of foreign direct investment
foreign direct investment inflow
Opis:
Clarified: the term “Foreign direct investment”, and the situation with foreign direct investment in the economy of Ukraine. Researched and briefed: The positive and negative effects of foreign direct investments for the economy of host countries and for the economy of Ukraine as the host country. Emphasized: The importance of the right policy in the field of foreign direct investment attraction, for the increasing of their positive effects.
Źródło:
ECONTECHMOD : An International Quarterly Journal on Economics of Technology and Modelling Processes; 2012, 1, 4; 29-33
2084-5715
Pojawia się w:
ECONTECHMOD : An International Quarterly Journal on Economics of Technology and Modelling Processes
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Foreign State-Owned Enterprises in the World’s Largest Economies – Comparative and Sectoral Analysis
Autorzy:
Mroczek, Jakub
Bałtowski, Maciej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2168368.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej
Tematy:
foreign state-owned enterprises
state-owned enterprise
internationalization
foreign affiliate
foreign investment
Opis:
Theoretical background: In the last 20–30 years, particularly after the financial crisis of the end of the first decade of the 21st century, state-owned enterprises (SOEs), historically associated with local markets, have increasingly expanded internationally. As a result, foreign state-owned enterprises (FSOEs) have emerged in many countries, particularly in strategic industries. The internationalisation of SOEs is a new, important and relatively under-researched phenomenon in today’s global economy. The literature on the subject so far lacks extensive, comparable figures on FSOEs on a global scale, which is a prerequisite for qualitative research.Purpose of the article: The purpose of this article is to determine – based on original empirical research – the status, significance and sectors of FSOEs in the groups of the largest non-financial enterprises (Top 100, by operating revenues) of the 32 world’s largest economies, as well as the changes that have occurred in this respect between 2009 and 2018. The analysis of FSOEs was carried out with the enterprises divided according to their origins (“green-field FSOEs” and “M&A FSOEs”), industries and home countries. Listed FSOEs were analysed separately.Research methods: The research used the original author’s method of distinguishing (finding) FSOEs, based on the criterion of actual corporate control rather than on the criterion of formal state ownership. The source data, derived mainly from the Orbis database, has been thoroughly supplemented and verified. Special indicators were created for the comparative analysis of FSOEs across the 32 economies under review.Main findings: The results of the analysis determined the status of FSOEs in the group of the 32 world’s largest economies, as well as in distinguished subgroups: developed economies (19) and emerging economies (13). The analysis of the changes in the shares of FSOEs in the studied economies between 2009 and 2018 led to the conclusion that the shares, and therefore the economic importance of FSOEs, increased during the studied period. The sectoral distribution of FSOEs shows that the largest number of them operate in Oil & Gas and Energy sectors.
W ostatnich 20-30 latach, w szczególności po kryzysie finansowym z końca pierwszej dekady XXI wieku, przedsiębiorstwa państwowe (state-owned enterprises, SOEs), historycznie związane z lokalnymi rynkami, coraz częściej ekspansji dokonują międzynarodowej. W jej wyniku w wielu krajach, szczególnie w branżach strategicznych, pojawiają się zagraniczne przedsiębiorstwa państwowe (foreign state-owned enterprises, FSOEs). Internacjonalizacja SOEs jest nowym, ważnym i stosunkowo słabo zbadanym zjawiskiem we współczesnej, globalnej gospodarce. W literaturze przedmiotu brak jest dotychczas obszernych, porównywalnych danych liczbowych na temat FSOEs w skali świata, co jest warunkiem koniecznym prowadzenia badań o charakterze jakościowym. Celem artykułu jest określenie ‒ na podstawie oryginalnych badań empirycznych ‒ stanu i znaczenia FSOEs w grupach największych niefinansowych przedsiębiorstw 32 największych gospodarek świata, a także zmian, jakie zaszły w tym zakresie w latach 2009-2018. Analizy FSOEs dokonano przy ich podziale ze względu na rodzaju powstania („green-field FSOEs” oraz „M&A FSOEs”), branżę i kraj pochodzenia. Odrębnie analizowano FSOEs, których akcje są notowane na giełdach (listed FSOEs). W badaniu wykorzystano oryginalną, autorską metodę wyodrębniania (wyszukiwania) FSOEs, w oparciu o kryterium faktycznej kontroli korporacyjnej, a nie o kryterium formalnego udziału właścicielskiego państwa. Źródłowe dane, pochodzące głównie z bazy Orbis, zostały poddane szczegółowym uzupełnieniom i weryfikacjom. Utworzone zostały specjalne wskaźniki służące do analizy porównawczej FSOEs w 32 analizowanych gospodarkach. W wyniku analizy został określony stan FSOEs w grupie 32 największych gospodarek świata, a także w wyróżnionych podgrupach: gospodarek krajów rozwiniętych (19) oraz krajów rozwijających się (13). Dokonano analizy zmian udziałów FSOEs w badanych gospodarkach w latach 2009-2018, co doprowadziło do wniosku o wzroście udziałów, a więc i gospodarczego znaczenia FSOEs, w badanym okresie. Rozkład branżowy FSOEs pokazuje, że najwięcej z nich funkcjonuje w branży petrochemicznej oraz energetycznej.
Źródło:
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio H – Oeconomia; 2022, 56, 2; 77-95
0459-9586
2449-8513
Pojawia się w:
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio H – Oeconomia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Multimodalne techniki nauczania języka i kultury z wykorzystaniem gier edukacyjnych w projekcie dla młodzieży Polskiej i Polonii Kanadyjskiej
Multimodal techniques for teaching language and culture with the use of educational games in a project for Polish students and Canadian Polish community
Autorzy:
Olędzka, Monika
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/33553535.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Polski Uniwersytet na Obczyźnie w Londynie
Tematy:
language
interaction
foreign cooperation
foreign language teaching
games.
Opis:
Multimodality appearing in design: „About ourselves and the peculiarities of Siedlce and Edmonton. What connects and what distinguishes our countries?” shows the diverse paths which education follows. The multidimensionality invites students to be active, to develop their language skills, to use new technologies helpful in building dialogue between Poles and Polish Canadians. Through cooperation in the project people discovered their small homelands. By interacting in the project, they became ambassadors of Polishness. The article uses the method of document analysis, observation and case study.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Naukowe PUNO; 2022, 1; 61-69
2052-319X
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Naukowe PUNO
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Are foreign language learners’ enjoyment and anxiety specific to the teacher? An investigation into the dynamics of learners’ classroom emotions
Autorzy:
Dewaele, Jean-Marc
Dewaele, Livia
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/780856.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
foreign language enjoyment
foreign language classroom anxiety
teachers
Opis:
Previous research has considered fluctuations in students’ foreign language enjoyment (FLE) and foreign language classroom anxiety (FLCA) over months or years (Dewaele & MacIntyre, 2014, 2016). However, there has been no investigation of the effect of the teacher on these emotions at a single point in time. In this study, we investigate the question whether FL learners experience similar levels of FLE and FLCA in the same language if they have two different teachers. Participants were 40 London-based secondary school students studying modern languages with one Main Teacher and one Second Teacher. Statistical analysis revealed that while FLCA was constant with both teachers, FLE was significantly higher with the Main Teacher. Predictors of FLE such as attitudes towards the teacher, the teacher’s frequency of use of the target language in class and unpredictability were also significantly more positive for the Main Teacher. Item-level analysis revealed that the teacher creating a positive emotional atmosphere in class contributed to the higher FLE score. Items that reflected more stable personal and group characteristics varied less between the two teachers. The findings suggest that FLE is more teacher-dependent than FLCA, which is more stable across teachers.
Źródło:
Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching; 2020, 10, 1; 45-65
2083-5205
2084-1965
Pojawia się w:
Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zaangażowanie kapitału zagranicznego w sektorze bankowym w Polsce
Commitment of the Foreign Capital in the Polish Bank Sector
Autorzy:
Wrona, Marzena
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1849661.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-05-12
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II. Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL
Tematy:
kapitał zagraniczny
inwestorzy zagraniczni
foreign capital
foreign investors
Opis:
The paper focuses on the conditions and forms of the influx of the foreign capital to the Polish bank sector. The stages of the introduction of foreign investors to Polish banks have been analysed, their participation in the funds of their own banks and assets, together with the commitment to the deposit-credit activity. Eventually, an attempt has been made to briefly characterise the impact of the foreign capital on Polish banks. Our analysis indicates a considerable contribution of the foreign capital to the Polish bank sector and its positive impact on the development of competition, including its controversial role in crediting Polish enterprises, especially small and medium.
Źródło:
Roczniki Nauk Społecznych; 2006, 34, 3; 289-302
0137-4176
Pojawia się w:
Roczniki Nauk Społecznych
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Retrospections and Perspectives of Russian Diplomacy Actions in 2006
Autorzy:
Huashou, Miao
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2028536.pdf
Data publikacji:
2007-12-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
2006
Russian diplomacy
foreign policy
Russian foreign policy
Opis:
According to he author of this article, Prof. Miao Huashou – from the Euro-Asian Social Development Research Institute and from the Development Research Center of the PRCh State Council, Russian diplomacy may boast of many great successes in 2006. Russia once again creates its image of a great empire by demonstrating its geopolitical and economic influences. The country underlines this way its position of an empire equal to the USA. It will continue to strengthen its influences in the Commonwealth of Independent States and undertake all the efforts aiming to development of strategic partnership with the EU on equal rules. It will also develop its contacts with the USA, as well as it will continue political dialogue and economic cooperation with other, great world powers.
Źródło:
Polish Political Science Yearbook; 2007, 36; 12-25
0208-7375
Pojawia się w:
Polish Political Science Yearbook
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
African Governments’ Foreign Publics engagements: Public Diplomacy in African perspective
Autorzy:
Antwi-Boasiako, Isaac
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2206298.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-12-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
public diplomacy
foreign communication
Africa
foreign publics
development
Opis:
Scholars over the years have delved into the discourse of states’ foreign publics engagements in their foreign policy objectives. This analysis is done generally with the western perspective of public diplomacy with recent Asian scholarship evolving. As a result, this study aims to reflect on public diplomacy from an African perspective. Therefore, it analyses how African governments have been engaging their foreign publics (foreign governments and their citizens) to attract foreign aid, tourism, and investments in their nation-building and development trajectory. The article explores African public diplomacy mechanisms such as diasporas, nation branding, cultural diplomacy, and many others. It also digests some of the challenges confronting African governments in their public diplomacy campaigns, like lack of research, human and financial resources, and lack of coherent foreign policy documents. The article’s findings demonstrate that although Africa generally has rich public diplomacy resources, these are not adequately harnessed in most African states’ foreign policy. This situation has led to poor foreign policy implementation by most African governments. The study contributes to the public diplomacy scholarship in general and African public diplomacy in particular, which scholars have underexplored. It concludes that scholars should delve into the exegesis of the rich African public diplomacy currencies.
Źródło:
African Journal of Economics, Politics and Social Studies; 2022, 1; 5-16
2956-2686
Pojawia się w:
African Journal of Economics, Politics and Social Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Tematyka piłkarska w kształtowaniu kompetencji interkulturowej studentów kierunków filologicznych na przykładzie filologii włoskiej
Autorzy:
Godzich, Anna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2131252.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-05-15
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie
Tematy:
football
intercultural competence
Italian as foreign language didactics
foreign philology
football in foreign language teaching
Opis:
The aim of the present article is to offer some reflections on the possibilities of developing intercultural competence in the context of glottodidactics by employing some elements constituting the language of football and sport. It is demonstrated that such elements as football-related lexems, anthroponyms of Italian football players, Italian football and fascism, cultural scripts, and many others can be used to shape students’ awareness as regards Italian culture, society, lifestyle, and customs. Consequently, one facilitates the enculturation process and the achievement of intercultural competence.
Źródło:
Acta Neophilologica; 2022, 1, XXIV; 53-68
1509-1619
Pojawia się w:
Acta Neophilologica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
State of Firm Internationalisation in the Małopolska Region
Autorzy:
Belniak, Magdalena
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/439409.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Pedagogiczny im. Komisji Edukacji Narodowej w Krakowie
Tematy:
internationalization
foreign direct investment
foreign trade
modern business services
Opis:
For many years, the analysis of the factors of the internationalisation of firms has been a research topic, both in the area of international business theory – in management studies, and in firm internationalisation theory – in economics. The paper presents the diagnosis of the state of the internationalisation of firms conducting their activities in Małopolska Voivodeship, carried out on the basis of available government and self-government statistics. The author makes an assessment and partial evaluation of the situation from the angle of the adopted determinants, such as: an analysis of foreign trade turnover, an analysis of foreign direct investment and an analysis of business process outsourcing. The paper presents the profile of the economic activeness of Małopolska Region against the investment attractiveness of voivodeships in Poland, an authorial typogram of the economic potential of Małopolska Region against the background of the country, as well as the investment attractiveness of this region for investors, alongside the factors shaping it, considering seven major determinants.
Źródło:
Prace Komisji Geografii Przemysłu Polskiego Towarzystwa Geograficznego; 2016, 30, 1; 30-46
2080-1653
Pojawia się w:
Prace Komisji Geografii Przemysłu Polskiego Towarzystwa Geograficznego
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Foreign bodies in the rectum – an unusual surgical problem
Autorzy:
Buczyński, Jarosław
Langner, Ewa
Dziki, Adam
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1396750.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012-10-01
Wydawca:
Index Copernicus International
Tematy:
foreign body
rectum
Opis:
A foreign body in the rectum is not a very common emergency case in surgical practice, of various etiology. In the years 2003-2011, 8 people were hospitalised in the Clinic of General and Colorectal Surgery due to a foreign body in the rectum. All the patients were male. All of them were qualified for foreign body removal in a surgical suite, under general anaesthesia due to a potential need for expanding the scope of the procedure. In all situations attempts were made at removing the object through the anus, which proved successful in 7 cases, without complications.In one case the scope of the procedure needed to be expanded with laparotomy and sigmoidotomy, through which the foreign body was removed. This procedure was also carried out with no complications.
Źródło:
Polish Journal of Surgery; 2012, 84, 9; 454-456
0032-373X
2299-2847
Pojawia się w:
Polish Journal of Surgery
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Bezpośrednie inwestycje zagraniczne w Estonii
Foreign Direct Investment in Estonia
Autorzy:
Sobańska, Magdalena A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/574561.pdf
Data publikacji:
2007-09-30
Wydawca:
Szkoła Główna Handlowa w Warszawie. Kolegium Analiz Ekonomicznych
Tematy:
foreign direct investment
investment attractiveness
restructuring
foreign trade
Estonia
Opis:
The author looks at foreign direct investment in Estonia and discusses its implications for the country’s economy. The analysis covers the 1994-2004 period and is based on a combination of analytical and descriptive methods. To obtain a more complete picture of foreign capital involvement in Estonia, which was once part of the Soviet Union, the author discusses factors that influence the country’s investment attractiveness. She concludes that Estonia’s market transformation has contributed to a major acceleration in the inflow of FDI to this country. FDI in Estonia has been characterized by a strong concentration, both in terms of the investors’ country of origin and the sectors in which they become involved, Sobańska notes. Scandinavian companies, primarily those from Sweden as well as Finland, have dominated among foreign direct investors in Estonia, while the role of investors from Central and Eastern Europe in Estonia’s overall FDI performance has been marginal. Since 1998 the financial sector has been the main focus of foreign direct investment in Estonia. Foreign investors have also contributed to the restructuring of the country’s corporate sector. The inflow of foreign capital has enabled Estonia to join the international trade system. However, despite the generally positive role of FDI in the country’s development, the strong concentration of foreign capital leads to worries about the permanence of Estonia’s economic achievements. A potential economic crisis in Scandinavia could easily lead to a situation in which FDI would bring negative market trends to Estonia’s fledgling economy.
Źródło:
Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics; 2007, 218, 9; 55-77
2300-5238
Pojawia się w:
Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The two faces of Janus? Anxiety and enjoyment in the foreign language classroom
Autorzy:
Dewaele, Jean-Marc
MacIntyre, Peter D.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/781005.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014-06
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
Foreign Language Ejoyment
Foreign Lnguage Classroom Anxiety
individual differences
Opis:
The present study investigates Foreign Language Enjoyment (FLE) and Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety (FLCA) in the classroom. Participants were 1746 current FL learners from around the world. We used a measure of FLE, based on Likert scale ratings of 21 items (Dewaele & MacIntyre, 2014), and a measure of FLCA based on 8 items extracted from the FLCAS (Horwitz, Horwitz, & Cope, 1986). Statistical analyses revealed that levels of FLE were significantly higher than those of FLCA. FLE and FLCA were linked to a number of independent variables: participants’ perception of their relative level of proficiency within the FL classroom, number of languages known, education level, number of FLs under study, age group and general level of the FL (ranging from lower-intermediate to advanced). Female participants reported both more FLE and more FLCA. Cultural background of participants also had a significant effect on their scores. Participants’ views on episodes of enjoyment in the FL class revealed the importance of teachers’ professional and emotional skills and of a supportive peer group. Many participants mentioned the moment at which they realised that their long effort in mastering an aspect of the FL paid off.
Źródło:
Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching; 2014, 4, 2; 237-274
2083-5205
2084-1965
Pojawia się w:
Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł

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