Informacja

Drogi użytkowniku, aplikacja do prawidłowego działania wymaga obsługi JavaScript. Proszę włącz obsługę JavaScript w Twojej przeglądarce.

Wyszukujesz frazę "european union." wg kryterium: Temat


Tytuł:
Some praxiological remarks on the problems of the European Union
Autorzy:
Szałek, Benon Zb.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2139014.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011-12-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
Political system of European Union
praxeology
problems of European Union
future of European Union
Opis:
The aim of this paper is to present some remarks on the problems of the European Union as a system of 27 member states. It may be useful to deal with these problems on the grounds of a simple scheme based on the systems theory. This scheme requires to analyse the system of the European Union in association with its natural and artificial environment. European Union is in fact a multifunctional tool for several particular centres of power. It would be difficult to describe the European Union as ‘controllable’. One must not forget that there is some opposition with regard to the European Union. Numerous problems are generated within the member states. It seems to be reasonable to expect that the structure of the European Commission should be compatible with the real problems of the European Union and its member states. These matters require further research.
Źródło:
Reality of Politics; 2011, 2; 183-201
2082-3959
Pojawia się w:
Reality of Politics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Poland in the European Union – Reaching Beyond the Liberal Perspective of Analysis
Autorzy:
Więcławski, Jacek
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/642019.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
European Union
Polska
Opis:
The article refers to Polish membership in the European Union and the liberal perspective of its analysis. The paper discusses the shortages of the liberal approach. The article accepts the liberal thesis regarding the opportunities that the accession to the EU opens up for Polish development. It notes the significance of the European mechanisms of regional cooperation. Nevertheless, the paper emphasises that the liberal perspective ignores the inequalities of power in the European Union and misses some serious tendencies, both at the level of the community and in the domestic politics, that impede the state’s development. Thus, the article refers to the limited competitiveness of the Polish economy and the state’s difficulties with the identification of its interests in the dynamic and variable international environment. It warns against the marginalization of Poland as “semi-peripheral” member of the European Union. The main conclusion of the paper is that the case of Polish membership in the EU is too complicated to close it in the liberal frameworks. The liberal perspective needs a realist correction. It is extremely important in the context of the challenges that Poland faces together with the crisis of the European integration.
Źródło:
Przegląd Strategiczny; 2016, 9; 127-139
2084-6991
Pojawia się w:
Przegląd Strategiczny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Transfer and restructuring of undertakings in the European Union – case studies
Autorzy:
Proniewski, Damian
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2096996.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-12-30
Wydawca:
Wyższa Szkoła Finansów i Zarządzania w Białymstoku
Tematy:
European Union
undertakings
Opis:
The article focuses on the European Union law concerning a transfer and restructuring of undertakings, namely on the Directive 2001/23/EC, Directive 98/59/EC and Directive 2002/74/EC. It explains basic definitions adopted by a legislator for the application of these provisions. On the basis of selected case studies, the article identifies when a transfer of undertakings takes place, taking into account selected characteristics of this process. Only under certain circumstances a transfer and restructuring of undertakings are legally recognized, as it has been clarified by the European courts in their rulings. Protection of the rights of employees in the case of a transfer and restructuring of undertakings is directly connected with this subject matter, which has been elucidated in the elaboration.
Źródło:
Przedsiębiorstwo & Finanse; 2019, 4; 73-83
2084-1361
Pojawia się w:
Przedsiębiorstwo & Finanse
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Komunikat Komisji Europejskiej do Parlamentu Europejskiego i Rady Formuła konferencji w sprawie przyszłości Europy
Communication from the European Commission to the European Parliament and the Council: Shaping the Conference on the Future of Europe
Autorzy:
Mik, Cezary
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2215886.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Kancelaria Sejmu. Biuro Analiz Sejmowych
Tematy:
European Union
European Commission
Opis:
The European Commission Communication on the Conference on the Future of Europe is a contribution to the inter-institutional discussion on the convening and operation of the Conference and its results. From this perspective, it is a working document, not a final one, which would cause the necessity to take a clear and comprehensive position. In the author’s opinion, the draft inter-institutional declaration on the Conference will be of key importance.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS; 2020, 2(66); 95-105
1896-9852
2082-064X
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wykonywanie zawodu psychologa w wybranych państwach członkowskich Unii Europejskiej i Norwegii
The execution of the profession of a psychologist in selected European Union Member States and Norway
Autorzy:
Adamiec, Danuta
Branna, Justyna
Dziewulak, Dobromir
Firlej, Natalia
Groszkowska, Kamila
Karkowska, Marta
Olejniczak, Dorota
Tazuszel, Angelina
Żołądek, Łukasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/27313688.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Kancelaria Sejmu. Biuro Analiz Sejmowych
Tematy:
psychologist
European Union
Opis:
The paper presents information on the legal regulation of the profession of a psychologist in Austria, Belgium, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Portugal, and Norway. In the European Union law that profession is covered by the so-called general system of recognition of professional qualifications. The article examines legal provisions regulating the profession, the qualification and educational requirements, and the conditions for practising psychology in the above-mentioned countries.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS; 2023, 3(79); 257-280
1896-9852
2082-064X
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ochrona wielokulturowości w uregulowaniach konstytucyjnych oraz w wybranych programach wspólnotowych Unii Europejskiej
Multiculturalism in Constitutional Regulations and in Selected Programmes of Protection of the European Union
Autorzy:
Woroniecki, Paweł Marek
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/567170.pdf
Data publikacji:
2005
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie. Instytut Nauk Politycznych
Tematy:
Multiculturalism
European Union
Opis:
The aim of this article is presentation the problem of protection of multiculturalism in the European Union after its enlargement. There are two aspects of the issue: protection of cultural diversity within one community and within the space of the EU. The first part refers to the Polish and foreign regulations connected with the problem of protection of cultural pluralism. Special attention is paid to the rules of the Polish Constitution from 2nd April 1997 concerning to the liberty of conscience and religion. In addition, Austrian, German and French constitutional solutions referring to the liberty of religion are shortly presented. The second part of this article is presentation the EU programmes Culture 2000, MEDIA Plus and eContent. Analysis of these programmes shows that they promote the cultural diversity in Europe, which results from the cultural policy of the UE. In this context, it must be emphasized that article 151 part 4 of the consolidate version of the Treaty establishing the European Community states that the Community shall respect the diversity of its cultures. The EU programmes give the great opportunity to participate in the formation of the cultural policy of the EuropeanUnion. It is particularly important for Poland which should actively participate in these programmes. In conclusion, the author ascertains that the liberty of settling down in the EU inserts new norms and values into national cultures. Therefore, national minorities must have lawfully guaranteed the right to preserve their own religion, mother tongue and tradition. It must be stressed that this right is very well protected by Polish constitutional regulations. At the same time, the cultural policy of the European Union intends to encourage development of national cultures and promotion of inter-cultural dialogue. Consequently, one cannot agree with the statement that the process of integration of Europe will annihilate the cultural diversity in Europe. In particular, the entry of Poland to the European Union will not destroy Polish cultural identity. The EU s money will afford possibilities for quicker than ever development of Polish culture.
Źródło:
Forum Politologiczne; 2005, 2 - Wielokulturowość w dobie globalizacji oraz integracji europejskiej; 101-123
1734-1698
Pojawia się w:
Forum Politologiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Opinia na temat komunikatu Komisji do Parlamentu Europejskiego, Rady Europejskiej, Rady, Europejskiego Komitetu Ekonomiczno-Społecznego i Komitetu Regionów: Umocnienie praworządności w Unii. Plan działania (COM(2019) 343 final)
Opinion on the Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the European Council, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions: Strengthening the rule of law in the Union. Action Plan (COM(2019) 343 final)
Autorzy:
Mik, Cezary
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2206978.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Kancelaria Sejmu. Biuro Analiz Sejmowych
Tematy:
law
European Union
Opis:
According to the author of the opinion, the communication of July 2019does not, in principle, have direct social, economic or financial implications. Only the implementation of some of its solutions can cause social (related i.a. to image) and financial (resulting from statutory and organisational changes in the event of non-compliance with the rule of law by the Court of Justice of the EU) consequences. Since the document is not a draft legislative act, the author of the opinion believes that the subsidiarity principle does not apply to it.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS; 2019, 4(64); 92-105
1896-9852
2082-064X
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Opinia prawna w sprawie dostępu do dokumentów Unii Europejskiej zawierających oznaczenie „LIMITÉ” – podstawy prawne, zasady stosowania klauzuli i zakres ochrony
Legal opinion about an access to EU documents marked “LIMITÉ” – legal basis, rules governing the use the marking and the extent of protection
Autorzy:
Fryźlewicz, Marcin
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2215749.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Kancelaria Sejmu. Biuro Analiz Sejmowych
Tematy:
European Union
documents
Opis:
The term “LIMITÉ” is used to mark sensitive unclassified documents which should be particularly secured because their public disclosure in an inappropriate moment might have had a negative impact on the decision-making process of the Council. Such documents are shared with the Member States and must be delivered only to appointed persons. Documents marked “LIMITÉ” must not be disclosed to public, media and individuals, unless an appropriate authorization has been given. The discussed documents are subject to the Council’s guidelines on the handling of documents internal to the Council. The guidelines are classified as ‘atypical’ acts (soft law documents). They are used primarily in internal organisation mechanisms of the EU.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS; 2017, 2(54); 87-96
1896-9852
2082-064X
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Projekt budżetu ogólnego Unii Europejskiej na rok budżetowy 2019 – Ogólne wprowadzenie – Ogólne zestawienie dochodów – Zestawienie dochodów i wydatków w podziale na sekcje
Draft General Budget of the European Union for the financial year 2019 – General introduction – General statement of revenue – Statement of revenue and expenditure by section
Autorzy:
Szpringer, Zofia
Cieślik, Ziemowit
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2215769.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Kancelaria Sejmu. Biuro Analiz Sejmowych
Tematy:
budget
European Union
Opis:
The opinion presents the most important assumptions of the Draft General Budget of the EU for the fiscal year 2019. The document contains description of priorities adopted during drafting, planned revenues, expenditures, and changes over time (compared to the previous budget) in the projected amounts. The Polish government’s position on the 2019 Draft General Budget is positively assessed, including the government’s statement that during the work on the budget it will be striving for provision of the financial resources necessary to repay the liabilities contracte earlier by the Member States on behalf of the EU budget (it is particularly related to cohesion policy and development of rural areas – both being very important investment instruments in the EU).
Źródło:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS; 2018, 3(59); 93-107
1896-9852
2082-064X
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Opinia w sprawie komunikatu Komisji do Parlamentu Europejskiego, Rady Europejskiej i Rady w kierunku skuteczniejszego i bardziej demokratycznego procesu podejmowania decyzji w dziedzinie polityki podatkowej UE, (COM(2019) 8 final)
Opinion on the Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the European Council and the Council – Towards a more effective and democratic decision-making in the field of EU tax policy, (COM(2019) 8 final)
Autorzy:
Kulicki, Jacek
Kuszel, Konrad
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2215808.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Kancelaria Sejmu. Biuro Analiz Sejmowych
Tematy:
tax
European Union
Opis:
The purpose of the EU document is to discuss the existing rules on decision-making by the EU institutions in the taxation area, indicate the limits of unanimity in the area of EU and Member States’ tax policies and present an action plan for moving to qualified majority voting, as well as to enhance the role of the European Parliament in this area. From Poland’s point of view the proposed change in the rules for decision-making in tax matters may raise serious doubts as to the link between tax policy and EU political priorities, in particular climate and energy policy. On the basis of the information received, the government takes a negative assessment of the Commission’s proposal to move to qualified majority voting in the area of taxation policy and does not support the endorsement of the Communication’s action plan in this area.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS; 2019, 3(63); 78-91
1896-9852
2082-064X
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Sposób podejścia do sfery kultury w stanowiskach Rady Unii Europejskiej
Approach to Culture in Positions of the Council of the European Union
Autorzy:
Burgoński, Piotr
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/558281.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Centrum Europejskie
Tematy:
Culture
Cultural Policy
European Union
Council of the European Union
Opis:
This article attempts to explain the understanding of culture which form the basis of the EU’s cultural policy as well as to present changes in that regard occurring along with the development of this policy. The research material consisted of common positions of the EU member states adopted during meetings of the Council of the European Union. The research was done using qualitative content anal sis. The most general conclusion from the research is that the basis of the EU’s cultural policy since the beginning of the researched period have consisted of two different approaches to culture in the EU: cultural unity and cultural diversity. Moreover, the creators of the EU’s cultural policy understood the role of culture in the integration process in four ways: as a non-instrumental value, a sociocreative factor, an economic factor as well as a factor enhancing the external relations of the EU. During the researched period we observed certain changes regarding the approach towards culture. They involved either changes within the already existing ideas or creating new concepts concerning the cultural sphere.
Źródło:
Studia Europejskie - Studies in European Affairs; 2017, 1; 159-176
1428-149X
2719-3780
Pojawia się w:
Studia Europejskie - Studies in European Affairs
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Prawo obywateli Unii Europejskiej do czynnego i biernego udziału w wyborach parlamentarnych w kraju członkowskim miejsca pobytu
The right of EU citizens to vote and stand in parliamentary elections in the member state of their residence
Autorzy:
Danikowski, Marek
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/697361.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Opolski
Tematy:
European Union Citizen Rights
European Union Citizenship
elections to the European Parliament
Opis:
The right of EU citizens residing in another Member State, to vote and stand in elections to the European Parliament is a major achievement of the European democracy. In the light of EU citizens’ still insufficient knowledge concerning the opportunities and benefits brought in by this right, it is worth making this institution more familiar to themin a straightforward way, at the same time balancing criticism towards the idea of the EU.
Źródło:
Opolskie Studia Administracyjno-Prawne; 2016, 14, 4 (1); 23-37
2658-1922
Pojawia się w:
Opolskie Studia Administracyjno-Prawne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Deliberation as a tool to find solutions to overcome the crisis in the European Union
Autorzy:
Marta, Witkowska,
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/894730.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-03-01
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
Tematy:
deliberation
democracy in the European Union
crisis in the European Union
Opis:
A deliberative debate is a process of communication focused on finding good arguments for specific evaluations and solutions to the issues discussed, and addressing important stakeholder issues. The aim of the article is to present the course and results of observations made with regards to the theoretical and scientific discourse of deliberation that took place in September 2016. Participants were academic experts, thinkers and representatives of civil society organisations working in European affairs, as well as doctoral students and other activists. The questions concerned the way to understand the guiding motto of the meeting: More Europe and the way to define and to perceive the crisis in the process of European integration. Deliberation concerned the assessment of the model of European integration and the question whether the current formula is endorsed or contested. In addition, arguments on the best and worst effects of the integration process should be identified, who can challenge the integration process and for what reasons. The purpose of the deliberation was to assess the process of European integration, identify the ground for the criticism thereof, diagnose crisis situations and indicate the desired target model.
Źródło:
Przegląd Europejski; 2017, 1 (43); 133-145
1641-2478
Pojawia się w:
Przegląd Europejski
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Opinia prawna na temat wyroku Trybunału Sprawiedliwości Unii Europejskiej z 7 marca 2017 r. w sprawie prejudycjalnej C-390/15 RPO
Legal opinion concerning the judgement of the Court of Justice of the European Union of 7.05.2017 on a prejudicial matter C-390/15 RPO
Autorzy:
Dzwonkowski, Henryk
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2215748.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Kancelaria Sejmu. Biuro Analiz Sejmowych
Tematy:
tax
Court of Justice of the European Union
European Union
VAT
Opis:
The opinion supports the Court’s decision that a different treatment of digital books supplied electronically and books supplied in tangible media is sufficiently justified and does not infringe the rule of neutrality and the rule of equal treatment. The judgement argues that to allow the Member States to apply for a diminished VAT rate to electronically supplied digital books would hamper the consistency of the Union’s aim to exclude all electronic services from the category which is subject to a diminished VAT rate. According to the author of the opinion, in the current state of matters, states are not legally allowed to engage in legislative activities with an aim to modify the way of taxation of e-publications
Źródło:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS; 2017, 2(54); 97-110
1896-9852
2082-064X
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ocena sprawozdania ogolnego Komisji Europejskiej z działalności Unii Europejskiej
Assessment of the general report of the European Commission on the activities of the European Union
Autorzy:
Jolanta, Adamiec
Konrad, Kuszel
Mirosław, Sobolewski
Zofia, Szpringer
Adrian, Grycuk
Jacek, Krzak
Piotr, Russel
Kamilla, Marchewka-Bartkowiak
Paweł, Bachmat
Paweł, Kościelny
Dobromir, Dziewulak
Łukasz, Żołądek
Marek, Jaśkowski
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2216090.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Kancelaria Sejmu. Biuro Analiz Sejmowych
Tematy:
report
European Union
European Commission
Opis:
The article contains description of the subject matter of the European Commission’s document, as well as its substantive and legal assessment. The authors point out that the report is not controversial. The document issued by the European Commission is correct from the legal point of view and conforms to the adopted work program. Most of the issues described in the report were raised in the course of the year in the form of detailed documents.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS; 2019, 2(62); 55-89
1896-9852
2082-064X
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A Critical Analysis of Europeanism as an Ideology. Its Preconditions and Tenets
Autorzy:
Śliwiński, Krzysztof Feliks
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1039240.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Centrum Europejskie
Tematy:
European Union
Ideology
Europeanism
Opis:
This paper looks at European integration and specifically at its institutional form - the European Union from an ideological perspective. The author claims that 'Europeanism' has become a new ideology shared among intellectual, political, judicatory, societal, and even dominant economic elites that influence or shape the European Union as an institution and its major policies. As an ideology, 'Europeanism' is a somewhat exotic mixture of various, seemingly incoherent trends that give the current European Union its intriguing characteristics. On the one hand, economically, one can easily identify numerous elements of neoliberalism, especially regarding the financial aspects of European integration. Likewise, arguments used by the major proponents of European integration vis-à-vis USA, China, or Japan are of neoliberal character. At the same time, regarding international trade in agricultural products, intellectual property, or internal (single market) competition (freedom of labour) one rather quickly spots distinct elements of protectionism and over-regulation. Finally, in terms of philosophical outlook and especially moral issues, 'Europeanism' seems to be mostly focusing on the progressive agenda.
Źródło:
Studia Europejskie - Studies in European Affairs; 2020, 24, 4; 7-24
1428-149X
2719-3780
Pojawia się w:
Studia Europejskie - Studies in European Affairs
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Definition and Typology of European Union Missions
Autorzy:
Wojnicz, Luiza
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1963340.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-12-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
security
missions
European Union
Opis:
In view of the contemporary challenges and threats, European Union’s efforts in the area of civil and military capacity building are extremely important. As an international organization having a high impact on third countries, the European Union plays a key role in conflict prevention and crisis response. In external governance EU has two sectoral policies at its disposal: the Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP) and the Common Security and Defense Policy (CSDP). The CFSP is responsible for resolving conflicts and fostering international understanding using diplomacy and giving respect for international rules. The CSDP is responsible for carrying out civilian and military missions as well as for diffusing rules, which affect, in various respects, the improvement of security management in third countries through their incorporation. By adopting today’s global approach, both military and civilian, to crisis management and continuing to strengthen its capacity for action and analytical tools, the European Union is becoming a major security vector at international level, and its Common Security and Defense Policy expeditionary missions are the tangible proof.
Źródło:
Reality of Politics; 2019, 10; 161-176
2082-3959
Pojawia się w:
Reality of Politics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Unia Europejska, globalizacja i Polska
European Union, globalisation and Poland
Autorzy:
Niżnik, Anna Małgorzata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/438584.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Pedagogiczny im. Komisji Edukacji Narodowej w Krakowie
Tematy:
European Union
globalisation
Polska
Opis:
International economic integration, or globalisation, has a long history, dating from the Medieval period; the establishment and later extension of the European Union is part of this process. It is argued that EU membership has brought undoubted advantages, such as support for agriculture and for regions of high unemployment, and the removal of tariffs against Polish goods, but the huge changes experienced by Poland date from the introduction of the market economy in 1989, not from EU membership. The market economy is synonymous with globalisation, which is so powerful that countries are forced to adapt to it, and make changes within this framework. There have been changes since 2004, the most important of which is mass emigration to the UK, Ireland, Germany and Spain, but it is thought that this movement is only short-term, since most Poles intend to return to Poland, having accumulated capital. It is too soon to be able to establish the full impact of EU membership. It seems that a much longer period must be allowed to elapse before it is possible to assess the value of EU membership to Poland. But in any case, it is clear that Poland has become part of the globalisation and economic integration process – something that will be emphasised owing to membership of the EU.
Źródło:
Prace Komisji Geografii Przemysłu Polskiego Towarzystwa Geograficznego; 2009, 12; 169-172
2080-1653
Pojawia się w:
Prace Komisji Geografii Przemysłu Polskiego Towarzystwa Geograficznego
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
WSPÓŁCZESNA POLITYKA KARNA WOBEC NIELETNICH SPRAWCÓW CZYNÓW ZABRONIONYCH – DOŚWIADCZENIA EUROPEJSKIE. ZARYS PROBLEMATYKI
Autorzy:
Miroslava, Vráblová,
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/891945.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018-08-22
Wydawca:
Wyższa Szkoła Bezpieczeństwa Publicznego i Indywidualnego Apeiron w Krakowie
Tematy:
law
European Union
prevention
Opis:
This paper presents a legal initiative (within criminal law) operating in selected European Union Member States, regarding the prevention of crime committed by juvenile perpetrators. Mechanisms in force in criminal law systems of European countries in this regard are presented. Also the author discusses contemporary doctrine of conduct for the prevention of criminality among minors and juveniles.
Źródło:
Kultura Bezpieczeństwa. Nauka – Praktyka – Refleksje; 2012, 11; 24-31
2299-4033
Pojawia się w:
Kultura Bezpieczeństwa. Nauka – Praktyka – Refleksje
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Strategia Unii Europejskiej wobec Afganistanu. Efektywność i i perspektywy
European Union’s strategy towards Afghanistan: effectiveness and perspectives
Autorzy:
Modrzejewska-Leśniewska, Joanna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/630025.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Szkoła Główna Handlowa w Warszawie
Tematy:
European Union, Afghanistan, aid
Opis:
The European Union became involved in Afghanistan shortly after the US invaded the country in order to remove the Taliban government and destroy the Al-Qaeda training camps. The European aid concentrated primarily on reconstruction, agricultural development and providing basic medical care to all people of Afghanistan. EU specifically concentrated on providing internal security trough the European Union Police Mission in Afghanistan (EUPOL Afghanistan), however, multiple factors and circumstances prevented achievement of all goals. The decision to withdrawn international armed forced in 2014 and its implementation questioned the EU’s further aid to Afghanistan
Źródło:
Kwartalnik Kolegium Ekonomiczno-Społecznego Studia i Prace; 2015, 4; 53-75
2082-0976
Pojawia się w:
Kwartalnik Kolegium Ekonomiczno-Społecznego Studia i Prace
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The crisis of legitimacy of the EU from the perspective of intergovernmentalism
Autorzy:
Łukasz, Zamęcki,
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/894555.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-03-21
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
Tematy:
European Union
legitimacy
intergovernmentalism
Opis:
The aim of the paper is to analyse the sources of the crisis of legitimacy of the EU from the perspective of the intergovernmental paradigm. The paper also focuses on the nature of this crisis and the possibilities of increasing the legitimacy of the EU. The author claims that the crisis of legitimacy is a result of the fact that there is “too much Europe”, not “too little”. According to Andrew Moravcsik’s approach to intergovernmentalism, the EU crisis is a result of feeling that the European Union has ceased to be seen as an effective tool for realising the interests of the states, or that the states started to define their preferences in the integration process in an unreasonable way.
Źródło:
Przegląd Europejski; 2015, 4 (38); 110-119
1641-2478
Pojawia się w:
Przegląd Europejski
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wpływ rozwoju nowoczesnych technologii na proces stanowienia prawa w Polsce i wybranych państwach Unii Europejskiej
Influence of the modern technologies development on the lawmaking process in Poland and other European Union countries
Autorzy:
Flisak, Damian
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2215801.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Kancelaria Sejmu. Biuro Analiz Sejmowych
Tematy:
innovation
technology
European Union
Opis:
The influence of the latest technologies on the lawmaking process is undoubtedly significant and with the growing popularity of technological phenomena (artificial intelligence, the Internet of Things, Big Data) it is becoming larger. It is important that rules adapt to natural behavior in the information society, and not vice versa. The development of modern technologies contributes to changing existing business models and consumer behavior – inter alia the draft directive on copyright in the digital single market indicates difficulties concerning legal regulating of these phenomena. On the other hand an example of regulating legal status of machine datashows that the establishment of another exclusive right can have disastrous consequences for innovation.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS; 2019, 3(63); 194-211
1896-9852
2082-064X
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Opinia na temat możliwości i celowości podpisania, ewentualnie zmodyfikowania lub odrzucenia przez Marszałka Sejmu deklaracji „Większa integracja europejska: droga naprzód”
Opinion as to the possibility and advisability of signing, modifying or rejecting, by the Marshal of the Polish Sejm of the Declaration on “Greater European Integration – the Way Forward”
Autorzy:
Majchrowski, Jan
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2216072.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Kancelaria Sejmu. Biuro Analiz Sejmowych
Tematy:
European Union
subsidiarity
treaties
Opis:
In the author’s opinion, the declaration raises several questions. The document is of an adhesive nature, which excludes the possibility of negotiating and affecting its content, and – therefore – also making any amendments thereto. Attributing to themselves special “duties” in the process of European integration by some Member States is considered improper by the author. There are also doubts as to legitimacy of current and potential signatories to the Declaration. The proposed creation of a new entity in the form of a “federal union of States” would require a fundamental change in the Polish Constitution, a constitution which not only sees sovereignty as a value, but also establishes it as the foundations of statehood. The Declaration also contains a number of controversial statements, questionable in factual and praxeological terms. In the author’s opinion - the signing of a declaration by the Marshal of the Polish Sejm is, therefore, impossible and inadvisable.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS; 2016, 2(50); 101-105
1896-9852
2082-064X
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Odpowiedź na pytanie na temat konieczności montażu liczników i podzielników ciepła w terminie do 31 grudnia 2016 r.
The answer to the question about the need for the installation of meters and heat cost allocators by 31 December 2016
Autorzy:
Łacny, Justyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2216591.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Kancelaria Sejmu. Biuro Analiz Sejmowych
Tematy:
energy
bill
European Union
Opis:
The question of the need for the installation of meters and heat cost allocators appeared in the course of Sejm work on the government bill concerning energy efficiency (Sejm Paper No. 426). Based on the EU legislation on energy efficiency, the author states that they require that in the buildings supplied with heating or cooling or hot water from external sources, Member States must ensure that a meter is installed (by 5 June 2014) at the heat exchanger or the point of delivery to the building. Member States are required to ensure that individual consumption meters are installed (by 31 December 2016) in multi-apartment and multi-function buildings supplied from a common source within such buildings and buildings supplied from a district heating/cooling network or a central source servicing multiple buildings, unless they consider it not to be technically feasible or costeffective. Otherwise individual heat cost allocators must be installed for each radiator. Member States may waive the requirement for their use, if they can demonstrate that to install them would not be cost-effective. Then, they should consider the use of alternative cost-effective ways to measure the consumption of heat energy.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS; 2016, 2(50); 223-228
1896-9852
2082-064X
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Opinia prawna stanowiąca uzupełnienie opinii na temat obowiązku wprowadzenia przez Polskę do sprzedaży aptecznej bez recepty produktu leczniczego ellaOne
Legal opinion complementing the opinion on Poland’s obligation to allow sale in pharmacies of a medicinal product ellaOne without prescription
Autorzy:
Kondrat, Mariusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2223418.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Kancelaria Sejmu. Biuro Analiz Sejmowych
Tematy:
contraception
drugs
European Union
Opis:
The author provides an analysis of Poland’s obligations as a Member State of the European Union, relating to the implementation of Community law in so far as it concerns Ellaone contraceptive. He points out that Regulation 726/2004 does not regulate issues related to the marketing of medicinal products in a comprehensive manner. Directive 2001/83/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council, according to its Article 4 para. 4, does not affect the application of national legislation prohibiting or restricting the sale or use of medicinal products as contraceptives or abortifacients. In Poland, there is no legislation expressly establishing a ban or restrictions on marketing or application of this particular type of agents, and any possible national legislation introduced to implement the restrictions permitted under the Directive should not only aim at eliminating the effect of the decision of the European Commission amending marketing authorisation issued by a decision (2009) 4049 for “ellaOne – ulipristal acetate”, a medicinal product for human use, but should relate to this category of products.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS; 2015, 1(45); 100-106
1896-9852
2082-064X
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The role of the Sejm in the process of Poland’s accession to the European Union
Rola Sejmu w procesie przystępowania Polski do Unii Europejskiej
Autorzy:
Fryźlewicz, Marcin
Krawczyk, Kaja
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2233224.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Kancelaria Sejmu. Biuro Analiz Sejmowych
Tematy:
Sejm
accession
European Union
Opis:
The authors discuss the Parliament’s tasks in relation to the accession process, which can be divided into several basic areas. The first is the creation of the constitutional framework to provide a national legal basis for the membership in the European Union. The Sejm also decided on the method of ratification of the Accession Treaty in the form of a referendum, having previously adopted the necessary provisions for its execution. The power of parliamentary scrutiny over the accession process was actively exercised. The Sejm conducted political supervision of the accession negotiation process, analysed the state budget and its implementation with a special focus on expenditures on integration aims, and monitored the use of pre-accession funds. Another area of the Sejm’s activity was the preparation of the legal framework for functioning after accession to the EU. The Sejm also participated in the process of European integration through its activities in the field of parliamentary diplomacy.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS; 2022, 4(76); 87-104
1896-9852
2082-064X
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A few remarks on the interpretation of European company law
Autorzy:
Napierała, Jacek
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/684971.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
European Union
company law
Opis:
The application of European company law by domestic courts entails prior interpretation of EU legislation. Firstly, the manner of interpretation of European company law is affected by both the specific nature of European company law and l’acquis communautaire. Secondly, interpretation methods are subject to the principle of uniform interpretation, which aims to safeguard uniform understanding and application of l’acquis EUwide. Thirdly, when undertaking pro-European interpretation one must (i) have regard to all domestic methods of interpretation, (ii) in line with the blanket ban on contra legem interpretation, and (iii) bear in mind the purpose and wording of a directive serving as a point of reference for pro-European interpretation, as far as possible.
Źródło:
Adam Mickiewicz University Law Review; 2016, 6; 77-90
2450-0976
Pojawia się w:
Adam Mickiewicz University Law Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Migracje Polaków po przystąpieniu do Unii Europejskiej
POLISH MIGRATION AFTER ACCESSION TO THE EUROPEAN UNION
Autorzy:
Bobrowska, Anita
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/418354.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Akademia Marynarki Wojennej. Wydział Nauk Humanistycznych i Społecznych
Tematy:
MIGRATION
THE EUROPEAN UNION
Opis:
This publication is the work of a theoretical nature. The author focused on the causes and consequences of migration from Poland after 1 May 2004.The paper presents the rock migration, and the main features of contemporary Polish migration, the author also compares the Poles trips to Scandinavia and the UK.
Źródło:
Colloquium; 2013, 5, 2; 49-64
2081-3813
2658-0365
Pojawia się w:
Colloquium
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ochrona Unii i jej państw członkowskich przed stosowaniem wymuszenia ekonomicznego przez państwa trzecie – projekt rozporządzenia Parlamentu Europejskiego i Rady
Protecting the Union and its Member States against the use of economic coercion by third countries – Proposal for a Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council
Autorzy:
Jaśkowski, Marek
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2192829.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Kancelaria Sejmu. Biuro Analiz Sejmowych
Tematy:
international trade
European Union
Opis:
The document aims at establishing a mechanism enabling the Union to respond when a third country, by measures affecting trade or investment, interferes with the legitimate choices of the Union or of its Member States to adopt or refrain from adopting a particular act. Given the exclusive nature of the EU’s competences in the area of the Common Commercial Policy, as well as the EU’s economic potential and the resulting potentially greater effectiveness of response measures at the EU level, the proposal deserves to be supported by the representative of the Republic of Poland on the EU forum.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS; 2022, 2(74); 133-142
1896-9852
2082-064X
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Organizacja zbiórek publicznych w wybranych państwach Unii Europejskiej: w Czechach, we Francji, w Niemczech i w Szwecji
Public collections in selected European Union Member States: the Czech Republic, France, Germany and Sweden
Autorzy:
Branna, Justyna
Dziewulak, Dobromir
Groszkowska, Kamila
Karkowska, Marta
Żołądek, Łukasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2192840.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Kancelaria Sejmu. Biuro Analiz Sejmowych
Tematy:
fundraising
foundations
European Union
Opis:
The paper focuses on the differences and similarities in the regulation of public collections in selected EU member states. The paper covers such issues as: conditions to start a fundraising campaign, entities authorised to conduct collection activities, permitted purposes of raising funds. An analysis of the regulations concerning foundations and associations has also been carried out, with particular emphasis on the rules of conducting public collections by these entities.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS; 2022, 2(74); 277-293
1896-9852
2082-064X
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Harmonizacja i uproszczenie niektórych przepisów w systemie podatku od wartości dodanej oraz wprowadzenie docelowego systemu opodatkowania handlu między państwami członkowskimi
The harmonization and simplifications of certain provisions in the system of value added tax and the introduction of a target system of taxation of trade between the Member States [COM(2017) 569 final]
Autorzy:
Kulicki, Jacek
Pawłowski, Bartosz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2215609.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Kancelaria Sejmu. Biuro Analiz Sejmowych
Tematy:
tax
European Union
VAT
Opis:
The proposed amendment of the Directive 2006/112/EC is a part of the construction of the target value added tax system concerning trade between EU Member States. It contains two types of provisions: firstly - outlining the final (target) VAT system, and secondly - bringing current solutions to the target model.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS; 2017, 4(56); 200-211
1896-9852
2082-064X
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Opinia prawna w sprawie zgodności z prawem Unii Europejskiej poprawek do rządowego projektu ustawy o zmianie ustawy o mikroorganizmach i organizmach genetycznie zmodyfikowanych oraz niektórych innych ustaw
Legal opinion on compliance of amendments to the governmental Bill on Amending the Act on Microorganisms and Genetically Modified Organisms (Sejm Paper no. 1424) with the European Union law
Autorzy:
Jaroszyński, Tomasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2215720.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Kancelaria Sejmu. Biuro Analiz Sejmowych
Tematy:
genetics
bill
European Union
Opis:
According to the author, amendments to the Act on Microorganisms and Genetically Modified Organisms are compliant with the European Union law. However, he claims that a deepen analysis would be necessary in the course of further legislative works. The analysis should be focused on the matter of the principle of proportionality, a possible violation of the principle of freedom of establishment and potentially excessive severity of suggested sanctions.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS; 2017, 3(55); 149-154
1896-9852
2082-064X
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Założenia zmian w regulacji prawnej w dziedzinie funkcjonowania Komisji ds. Unii Europejskiej – materiał analityczny
Assumptions for changes in legal regulations in the field of operation of the European Union Affairs Committee. Analytical material
Autorzy:
Cieślik, Ziemowit
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2216048.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Kancelaria Sejmu. Biuro Analiz Sejmowych
Tematy:
Sejm committee
European Union
Opis:
This paper deals with the regulation which specifies the rules in which the Sejm affects the policies of the European Union. It examines the assumptions for change in respect of the Act of 8 October 2010 on Cooperation of the Council of Ministers with the Sejm and the Senate in Matters Related to the Republic of Poland’s Membership in the European Union, as well as the Standing Orders of the Sejm. The proposed changes relate primarily to the socalled a general mechanism of cooperation in the field of EU law making between the Council of Ministers and the Sejm and the Senate. It is assumed that general principles relating to the so-called political dialogue and the carrying out by the Sejm of notification duties will be introduced by the Cooperation Act. The proposed amendment to the Standing Orders of the Sejm deals with participation by the branch committees in consideration of documents that are sent to the Sejm by the EU institutions, as well as the participation of the Sejm operating at plenary sitting in activities related to Poland’s membership in the EU.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS; 2016, 1(49); 103-116
1896-9852
2082-064X
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Opinia w sprawie deklaracji „Większa integracja europejska: droga naprzód” podpisanej w Rzymie 14 września 2015 r. przez przewodniczącą Izby Deputowanych Republiki Włoskiej, przewodniczącego Zgromadzenia Narodowego Republiki Francuskiej, przewodniczącego Bundestagu Niemiec oraz przewodniczącego Izby Deputowanych Luksemburga
Opinion on the Declaration on “Greater European Integration – the Way Forward” signed in Rome on 14 September 2015 by the President of the Camera dei Deputati of Italy, the President of Assemblée nationale of France, the President of the Bundestag of Germany and the President of the Chambre des Députés of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
Autorzy:
Karska, Elżbieta
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2216073.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Kancelaria Sejmu. Biuro Analiz Sejmowych
Tematy:
European Union
subsidiarity
treaties
Opis:
Opinion on the Declaration on “Greater European Integration – the Way Forward” signed in Rome on 14 September 2015 by the President of the Camera dei Deputati of Italy, the President of Assemblée nationale of France, the President of the Bundestag of Germany and the President of the Chambre des Députés of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
Źródło:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS; 2016, 2(50); 91-100
1896-9852
2082-064X
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Opinia w sprawie deklaracji „Większa integracja europejska: droga naprzód” podpisanej przez przewodniczących Zgromadzenia Narodowego Francji, Izby Deputowanych Luksemburga, Bundestagu Niemiec i Izby Deputowanych Włoch
Opinion on the Declaration of the Presidents of the Assemblée nationale of France, the Chambre des Députés of Luxembourg, of the Bundestag of Germany, and of the Camera dei Deputati of Italy of 14 September 2015. “Greater European Integration – the Way Forward”
Autorzy:
Mik, Cezary
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2216074.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Kancelaria Sejmu. Biuro Analiz Sejmowych
Tematy:
European Union
subsidiarity
treaties
Opis:
Opinion on the Declaration of the Presidents of the Assemblée nationale of France, the Chambre des Députés of Luxembourg, of the Bundestag of Germany, and of the Camera dei Deputati of Italy of 14 September 2015. “Greater European Integration – the Way Forward”
Źródło:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS; 2016, 2(50); 85-90
1896-9852
2082-064X
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Opinia na temat, czy podpisana 14 września 2015 r. w Rzymie deklaracja „Większa integracja europejska: droga naprzód” powinna zostać podpisana, odrzucona, czy też należy dążyć do wprowadzenia do jej tekstu zmian
Opinion on whether the Declaration on “Greater European integration – the way forward” signed on 14 September 2015 in Rome should be signed, rejected or making any change in its text should be striven for
Autorzy:
Szymanek, Jarosław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2216618.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Kancelaria Sejmu. Biuro Analiz Sejmowych
Tematy:
European Union
subsidiarity
treaties
Opis:
Even if the Declaration is not a binding document, in the author’s opinion, it cannot be ignored. It expressly outlines a scenario for federalization of the European Union. The future directions of European integration cannot be shaped by a few presidents of the parliaments of EU Member States. Doubts are also raised the need for a more extensive integration. The Declaration should not be in favour of creating a new political structure of the European Union, but rather promote a departure from localism and particularism that act today as a real obstacle to the success of the Union. The document can be interpreted as an incentive to create a more integrated structure based on the states of “old Europe” while leaving another, more “loose”, form for all other States, which would be unfavourable from the point of view of Polish interests. The author recommends three variants to be applied by the Sejm in response to the Declaration: the rejection, renegotiation (which is very unlikely), or make efforts to sign a new and different declaration.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS; 2016, 2(50); 106-115
1896-9852
2082-064X
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Opinia na temat obowiązku wprowadzenia przez Polskę do sprzedaży aptecznej bez recepty produktu leczniczego ellaOne
Opinion on Poland’s obligation to allow sale in pharmacies of a medicinal product ellaOne without prescription
Autorzy:
Olejniczak, Dorota
Kuszel, Konrad
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2223417.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Kancelaria Sejmu. Biuro Analiz Sejmowych
Tematy:
contraception
drugs
European Union
Opis:
The opinion deals with the effects of the European Commission Implementing Decision whereby ellaOne is commercially available in all Member States without a prescription. The analysis leads to the conclusion that under the existing law, Poland is obliged to implement the decision of the Executive Committee and the medicinal product ellaOne should be available over-the-counter. Nevertheless, Polish legislature may decide to exclude or restrict the sale or use of medicinal products as contraceptives or abortifacients. Therefore, it is permissible to adopt a regulation to prohibit the sale of ellaOne or adopt provisions specifying that it will be available in Poland only on prescription.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS; 2015, 1(45); 93-99
1896-9852
2082-064X
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Opinia merytoryczna i prawna na temat wniosku dotyczącego dyrektywy Parlamentu Europejskiego i Rady w sprawie zbliżenia przepisów ustawowych, wykonawczych i administracyjnych państw członkowskich w sprawie produkcji, prezentowania i sprzedaży wyrobów tytoniowych i powiązanych wyrobów
Factual and legal opinion on the proposal for a Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council on the approximation of the laws, regulations and administrative provisions of the Member States concerning the manufacture, presentation and sale of tobacco and related products (COM(2012) 788 final
Autorzy:
Ciura, Grzegorz
Jaśkowski, Marek
Stankiewicz, Dorota
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/11543281.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Kancelaria Sejmu. Biuro Analiz Sejmowych
Tematy:
European Union
tobacco
health
Opis:
The authors of the opinion point out that the proposed directive is aimed at the protection of consumer’s health and, as a consequence, the reduction of state budget spending on medical treatment. Nevertheless, the possible imposition of a ban on menthol and slim cigarettes may lead to the weakening of Polish tobacco sector, decrease in tax revenues for the State, withdrawal from farming by some tobacco growers and development of a grey market. In the authors’ view, the draft directive may infringe those provisions which determine the scope of competences transferred to the EU by its member states in the field of health protection. The coming into force of the proposed directive would require amendment of the Act of 9th November 1995 on the protection of health against the consequences of the use of tobacco and tobacco products.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS; 2013, 1(37); 133-157
1896-9852
2082-064X
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Opinia na temat wniosku dotyczącego rozporządzenia Parlamentu Europejskiego i Rady w sprawie europejskich długoterminowych funduszy inwestycyjnych
Opinion on the Proposal for a Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council on European Long‑term Investment Funds (COM(2013) 462 final)
Autorzy:
Szpringer, Zofia
Łacny, Justyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/12247464.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Kancelaria Sejmu. Biuro Analiz Sejmowych
Tematy:
investment funds |
European Union
Opis:
The authors, pointing out the aim of the proposal and reasons for its adoption, are critical, in particular, of the imprecise language of its provisions. In conclusion, they opt for a change in the form of the proposed legislation – from a regulation to a directive.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS; 2013, 3(39); 121-131
1896-9852
2082-064X
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Opinia na temat wniosku Komisji dotyczącego dyrektywy Rady zmieniającej dyrektywę 2006/112/WE w sprawie wspólnego systemu podatku od wartości dodanej w zakresie standardowej deklaracji VAT
Opinion on the Commission’s proposal for a Council Directive amending Directive 2006/112/EC on the common system of value added tax as regards a standard VAT return (COM(2013) 721 final)
Autorzy:
Cieślik, Ziemowit
Kulicki, Jacek
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/12663971.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Kancelaria Sejmu. Biuro Analiz Sejmowych
Tematy:
tax
European Union
VAT
Opis:
The primary purpose of the proposed amendment of the VAT Directive is to reduce the administrative burdens imposed on businesses in relation to VAT. The Directive deals with technical, but also important aspects of the functioning of VAT. The authors point out that standardization of information contained in a VAT return will reduce the bureaucratic burden on businesses and is particularly beneficial for SMEs. They conclude that the proposed solutions require in‑depth assessment of their impact, especially on the State budget, including its liquidity and the cost of implementation. They state that the proposal does not breach the principle of subsidiarity.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS; 2013, 4(40); 105-113
1896-9852
2082-064X
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Russian Federation in European Union Programmes
Autorzy:
Gomółka, Krystyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/647523.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej
Tematy:
Russian Federation
European Union
TACIS
European Neighbourhood and Partnership Instrument
European Union Programmes
Opis:
Since the early 1990s, the European Union has been supporting socio-economic transformations in the former Soviet Union states, including the Russian Federation. Initially, this assistance was provided in the framework of the TACIS Programme, offering long-term, non-repayable aid. In 1991–2006 Russia received EUR 2.7bn for the restructuring of the state enterprise sector, establishment of private companies, state administration reform, telecommunications, nuclear safety and security and environmental protection. Despite severe criticism directed at the implemented programme, emphasising its unclear objectives, lack of awareness of the conditions in which the projects were executed, prolonged completion periods for some projects and lack of evaluation, the European Union continued its financial assistance to Russia since 2007 as part of the European Neighbourhood and Partnership Instrument. The funds available for the programme were earmarked to support political, economic and social reforms, and regional and local development through programmes implemented in two time perspectives: 2007–2013 and 2014–2020. Evaluation of the programmes implemented in 2007–2013 revealed numerous shortcomings in project execution. For example, projects implemented as part of the Arctic Circle-Russia Programme were criticised for weak objectives and only partial completion of some undertakings. Another programme – Karelia–Russia failed to create a joint vision of the region and develop joint investment plans.  The issues indicated as barriers to cooperation between the Russian Federation and Finland included: complicated administrative procedures in Russia and poor command of the English language on the Russian side. No evaluation report was prepared on completion of the South-East Finland–Russia Programme and Lithuania–Poland–Russia Programme. Furthermore, the objectives of the Estonia–Latvia–Russia Programme were not accomplished.  Nevertheless, the European Union decided to continue the assistance to the Russian Federation in 2014–2020 as part of the following programmes: Arctic Circle–Russia, Karelia–Russia and South-East Finland–Russia and to launch four new programmes: Estonia–Russia, Latvia–Russia, Poland–Russia and Lithuania–Russia.
Źródło:
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio K – Politologia; 2017, 24, 1
1428-9512
2300-7567
Pojawia się w:
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio K – Politologia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
What Are the Directions of the EU Integration Process?
Autorzy:
Zabłocka-Abi Yaghi, Adriana
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/969411.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Centrum Europejskie
Tematy:
European Union;
European Parliament;
European Commission;
Opis:
Just before the 2019 European Parliament (EP) elections many authors have indicated their exceptional nature. In this article the author attempts to analyze how these particular characteristics and fi rst decisions taken after the elections by the key EU level actors may shape the EU integration process in the coming years. The article focuses on how the fragmentation of the EP may infl uence the choice of the European integration directions in the near future. One of the first observed effects of this fragmentation was the failure of leading candidates system during the appointment process of the Commission President. Another one is Ursula von der Leyen’s political programme for the European Commission, built on the strong awareness of the need to create a governing coalition between the EP and the European Commission. Acknowledgment of the challenge of the EP diversity by the New Commission President may have a positive effect on the EU-level democracy, however with a decrease in the efficiency of the EP legislative process.
Źródło:
Studia Europejskie - Studies in European Affairs; 2019, 4; 9-22
1428-149X
2719-3780
Pojawia się w:
Studia Europejskie - Studies in European Affairs
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Klasyfikacje agencji zdecentralizowanych Unii Europejskiej
Classifications of decentralised agencies of the European Union
Autorzy:
Zieliński, Marek
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1046976.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017-03-31
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II
Tematy:
Unia Europejska
agencje Unii Europejskiej
European Union
agencies of the European Union
Opis:
Prezentowany artykuł ma na celu dokonanie klasyfikacji agencji zdecentralizowanych Unii Europejskiej. Jako podstawy dokonania klasyfikacji przyjęto podejścia: temporalne, instrumentalne, strukturalne i funkcjonalne. Przeprowadzona analiza pozwala stwierdzić, że szereg klasyfikacji agencji (np. dokonana ze względu na charakter ich kompetencji) dowodzi, że agencje bardzo często wymykają się próbom ich klasyfikacji. W związku z tym Autor zauważa, że pomimo ich znacznej wartości dla lepszego zrozumienia oraz uporządkowania działalności agencji i funkcji przez nie wykonywanych, wszelkie ich klasyfikacje należy traktować z dużą ostrożnością.
The article aims to present the classifications of decentralised agencies of the European Union. As a basis for classifications the Author used temporal, instrumental, structural as well as functional approach. The analysis in this paper clearly shows, that some of the classification of the EU agencies (eg. instrumental classification), show that the EU agencies very often defy attempts to classify them. For this reason, the Author notes, that despite their value for better understanding and bringing structure and insight into the functioning of EU agencies, all their classifications should be treated with some caution.
Źródło:
Studia Prawnicze KUL; 2017, 1; 179-200
1897-7146
2719-4264
Pojawia się w:
Studia Prawnicze KUL
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Przemysł 4.0 w Unii Europejskiej
The European Unions Approach to Industry 4.0
Autorzy:
Grabowska, Marta
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/558135.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Centrum Europejskie
Tematy:
Industry 4.0
European Union
Industry
Industrial Policy in the European Union
Opis:
The aim of this paper is to present the European Union’s (EU) approach to Industry 4.0. In order to do this the term “four industrial revolutions” is defined first. The Industry 4.0 development has been made possible as a result of Internet and other ICT technologies which were developed in the late-20th and early-1st centuries and which are described here The concept of Industry 4.0 originated in Germany, where it brought a new way of organising industry. This idea has since spread around the world. To present the overview of Industry 4.0 in the EU the term “industry” is defined and its place within international classifications of economic activities shown. EU industrial policy is briefly described to make clear that industry is a subject of European competition law and, in fact, industry must cope with the transformation itself. However, there are many ways to support this process but mainly on three levels: national, regional and European. This is the subject of further discussion in this paper. European countries and regions are creating plans to foster the developments of this form of industry – something which is expected to increase industrial efficiency by around 30%. The EU is strongly supporting this process. So far the development of Industry 4.0 has been most advanced in Europe. The paper concludes with a brief comparison of developments with the US and China.
Źródło:
Studia Europejskie - Studies in European Affairs; 2018, 3; 257-279
1428-149X
2719-3780
Pojawia się w:
Studia Europejskie - Studies in European Affairs
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Control of documentation related to the implementation of projects co-funded by the European Union
Kontrola dokumentacji realizacji projektów współfinansowanych ze środków unijnych
Autorzy:
Rydzewska-Wlodarczyk, M.
Majchrzak, I.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/78477.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny w Szczecinie. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane ZUT w Szczecinie
Tematy:
cost documentation
control
implementation
project
European Union
European Union fund
project cost
Źródło:
Folia Pomeranae Universitatis Technologiae Stetinensis. Oeconomica; 2013, 73
2081-0644
Pojawia się w:
Folia Pomeranae Universitatis Technologiae Stetinensis. Oeconomica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Role of the European Union in Conflict Resolution in Nepal
Autorzy:
Thapa, Manish
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2091804.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-06-25
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydział Nauk Politycznych i Studiów Międzynarodowych
Tematy:
international relations of the European Union
cooperation between the European Union and Nepal
European Commission’s assistance to Nepal
European Union
Nepal
Opis:
At the beginning of the 21st century, the European Union (EU) has ambitions to play a more important role in international relations. In recent years, it has developed relations with partners across the globe. The EU put stress not only on political and economic cooperation, but it wants to promote some of the values that it considers important. Among these values are democracy, social welfare, human rights and liberalism. One of the key aspects of European foreign policy (EFP) contributed in manifold ways to peace support operations. As regards the European Commission (EC), it has a strong external relations acquis in projecting peace abroad, notably in the form of preventive diplomacy and long-term civilian peacebuilding. In this context, European Commission’s assistance to Nepal dates back to 1977. In June 1996, the EC–Nepal Framework Co-operation Agreement came into force, outlining the general conditions for providing EC technical assistance and co-operation. The principal objectives of this Agreement are to enhance and develop the various aspects of co-operation between the parties. The EC’s assistance to Nepal during the period 2007–2013 has an estimated budget of EUR 120 million and will target the following three areas: education (with human rights, conflict prevention and good governance as cross-cutting issues); stability and peacebuilding; trade facilitation and economic capacity building. To further consolidate its effort, on 8 July 2011 the European Union agreed to provide a grant of EUR 22 million for the implementation of the Support for Stability and Peace Building program. Thus peacebuilding & conflict resolution is one of the key priority areas of the assistance from the European Commission to Nepal. This paper outlines the European Union’s support to Nepal’s conflict resolution initiatives and its implications on the conflict resolution process of Nepal.
Źródło:
Stosunki Międzynarodowe - International Relations; 2015, 51, 1; 83-91
0209-0961
Pojawia się w:
Stosunki Międzynarodowe - International Relations
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Hurdles to Obtaining European Funds by Polish Beneficiaries - Quantitative Research
Autorzy:
Dubel, Przemysław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2035690.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-04-29
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Centrum Europejskie
Tematy:
European Union
European Funds
Barriers
Projects
Opis:
The main objective for writing this article is to present the barriers to accessing EU funds at the stage of preparing an application for funding, as well as the barriers to executing project activities. The research objective, question, and problem as well as the statistical description of the research group and the measurement instruments have been highlighted in the article. The author attempts to answer the following questions: what are the main barriers/hurdles encountered by Polish beneficiaries of EU funds allocated under national and regional operational programmes; which of the identified barriers to accessing EU funds is perceived as the most hindering in the process of executing EU projects; and how is the impact of EU funds on regional development assessed from the perspective of those people executing projects and taking part in projects financed with EU funds? The following barriers can be enumerated as the most significant: the withholding of subsequent funding tranches while maintaining the obligation to pursue project execution, the highly bureaucratic application process for a subsidy, the bureaucratic system of post-project accounting, and the long deadlines for transferring subsequent tranches of funding. An analysis of the findings confirms that the beneficiaries of EU funds primarily fear losing financial liquidity. Receiving a subsidy in the form of a refinancing of the incurred costs requires, on the one hand, efficient project management, and, on the other, a well-functioning institutional system that should support project recipients in their investment endeavours.
Źródło:
Studia Europejskie - Studies in European Affairs; 2022, 26, 1; 101-117
1428-149X
2719-3780
Pojawia się w:
Studia Europejskie - Studies in European Affairs
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Finansowanie projektów kulturalnych z funduszy Unii Europejskiej na przykładzie programu „Europa dla obywateli
Autorzy:
Majorek, Marta
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/528522.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Krakowska Akademia im. Andrzeja Frycza Modrzewskiego
Tematy:
European Union
European funds
cultural programs
Opis:
The main purpose of the paper is a presentation of an important aspect of European policy, which actions are concentrated on culture. Nowadays much space is devoted to economic and financial considerations. Attention is highly focused on exchange of goods and capital. However we should not forget that the exchange of ideas and thoughts and the spiritual dimension of integration are equally important areas. The starting point for the European unification is preservation of its common cultural heritage and creating the system of European values. EU decision makers in order to reach these goals, provide various cultural programs, of which one obviously seek to consolidate and specifically, by creating a cultural programs. One of them (Europe for Citizens) and its financial aspects will be the subject of deeper analysis.
Źródło:
Państwo i Społeczeństwo; 2011, 4; 95-107
1643-8299
2451-0858
Pojawia się w:
Państwo i Społeczeństwo
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
European Elections in Croatia
Autorzy:
Cipek, Tihomir
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/514679.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Śląski. Wydział Nauk Społecznych
Tematy:
European elections
Croatia
European Union
Euroscepticism
Opis:
This text discusses the results of European elections in Croatia. It reaches the conclusion that voters, unhappy with the economic situation, punished the ruling social democratic coalition which suffered a heavy defeat. On the other hand, election results prove the recovery of HDZ, the opposition, centre-right party. It is also obvious that most Croatian citizens do not believe that European elections are important enough to warrant voting. Euroscepticism in Croatia is on the rise because citizens see no obvious benefits from joining the European Union. On the contrary, it is becoming increasingly clear that, in its first year as a member, Croatia will pay more funds into EU budget than it will receive from it. It is evident that direct elections of European Parliament members did not succeed in strengthening EU’s legitimacy in the eyes of Croatian voters, and that European elections are actually of secondary importance.
Źródło:
Political Preferences; 2014, 9; 21-37
2449-9064
Pojawia się w:
Political Preferences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Glos polskich i niemieckich nacjonalistów w debacie na temat integracji europejskiej
The voice of Polish and German nationalists in the debate on European integration
Autorzy:
Kosman, Michał
Malendowicz, Paweł
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/625319.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
nationalism
European integration
European Union
immigration
Opis:
The subject of this paper is nationalism as a direction of political thinking, where the idea of the nation is the dominant principle. The main Polish nationalist political parties of the recent 25 years include: National Revival of Poland, Polish National Community and National Party „Szczerbiec”. The main German nationalist political parties include: National Democratic Party of Germany, The Republicans, The Right, Pro NRW (North Rhine-Westphalia). Far-right parties in Poland and in Germany are against the European Union and the process of European integration. The nationalist parties in Europe fear economic and cultural globalisation, multicultural- ism, immigrants, Islam, materialism and consumerism that – in their opinion – threaten their respective nations.
Źródło:
Rocznik Integracji Europejskiej; 2015, 9; 305-324
1899-6256
Pojawia się w:
Rocznik Integracji Europejskiej
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Opinia na temat komunikatu Komisji Europejskiej zatytułowanego Biała księga w sprawie przyszłości Europy. Refleksje i scenariusze dla UE-27 do 2025 [COM(2017) 2025 final]
Opinion about a communication of the European Commission entitled “The White Paper concerning the future of Europe” dated 1.03.2017 (COM(2017) 2025 final)
Autorzy:
Mik, Cezary
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2215750.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Kancelaria Sejmu. Biuro Analiz Sejmowych
Tematy:
European Union
European Commission
White Paper
Opis:
The European Commission’s White Paper illustrates predictions about the future of functioning of the European Union. The Commission conducts a general analysis and describes in detail reactions to current challenges and threats which the European Union faces. The Commission does not notice any need to fundamentally reform the Union. The White Paper does not trigger directly any legal consequences and is not legally binding in light of the EU and Polish legal systems. The Council of Ministers found that the Commission’s proposition of a multi-speed development of the European Union may be unacceptable from the perspective of Poland.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS; 2017, 2(54); 73-86
1896-9852
2082-064X
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Opinia o wniosku dotyczącym dyrektywy Parlamentu Europejskiego i Rady w sprawie jednoosobowych spółek z ograniczoną odpowiedzialnością
Opinion on the Proposal for a D irective of the European Parliament and of the Council on single‑member private limited liability companies (COM (2014) 212 final)
Autorzy:
Cieślik, Ziemowit
Sobolewski, Przemysław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/11542822.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Kancelaria Sejmu. Biuro Analiz Sejmowych
Tematy:
directive
European Parliament
company
European Union
Opis:
The proposal for directive aims at unifying the principles of the establishment of limited liability companies in all Member States. The authors claim that the proposal deserves support, but some of its provisions raise doubts because they do not serve the primary purpose. They also note that the Council of Ministers submitted to the Sejm a draft position on the proposed directive, failing to comply with the statutory time limit of 14 days.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS; 2014, 2(42); 156-165
1896-9852
2082-064X
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Droga Serbii do Unii Europejskiej – stan i perspektywy
Serbia’s Road to the European Union – State and Perspectives
Autorzy:
Skrzeszewska, Monika
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/558102.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Centrum Europejskie
Tematy:
European integration
Kosovo
Serbia
European Union
Opis:
This article shows Serbia’s road to the European Union, mainly Serbian’s problems. First problem was a cooperation with International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia with was solved in 2011 and Serbia meantime could ratify the Stabilisation and Association Agreement and put forward an official proposal of membership in the European Union. Second and the biggest problem is now relations with Kosovo. In 2011 mostly under European Union’s infl uence Serbia had started negotiations with Kosovo but meantime did not agree with its indpendence. However the progress in cooperation with Kosovo made possible to start negotiations with the European Union and ratification of Agreement and now open two negotiation’s chapters. Currently government with a strong Serbian society support wants cooperate with the European Union because in this they see correct way of Serbia’s transformation. Serbian prime minister Aleksandar Vučić is planning to fi nish all negotiations by end of 2018 and become a member in 2020.
Źródło:
Studia Europejskie - Studies in European Affairs; 2016, 1; 137-164
1428-149X
2719-3780
Pojawia się w:
Studia Europejskie - Studies in European Affairs
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Relations between European Parliament with the national parliaments of the EU member states
Autorzy:
Marszałek-Kawa, Joanna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2026865.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010-12-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
national parliaments
European Parliament
European Union
Opis:
According to Montesquieu tripartite system, formed in the European constitutionalism, the organs of authority, in a democratic state, affect each other in an inhibitory way, balancing mutually. Traditionally, it is understood that the executive power is performed by the Head of State (monarch, president) and government, legislative power belongs to the parliament, whereas the judicial power is exercised by independent courts. Analyzing the political reality of member states it is necessary to note, that the executive participates in the national legislative processes more actively, for example, through executing constitutionally granted right of legislative initiative (usually together with deputies), by issuing acts with the power of law, or incorporating Community directives into the internal legal order.
Źródło:
Polish Political Science Yearbook; 2010, 39; 45-71
0208-7375
Pojawia się w:
Polish Political Science Yearbook
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Unia europejska w obliczu pandemii covid-19
Autorzy:
Turczyński, Paweł
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2050322.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-01-11
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Rzeszowski. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego
Tematy:
European Union
European Council
pandemic
coronavirus
Opis:
The coronavirus pandemic that hit the world in early 2020 has weakened Europe very severely. In the first period (January-February), the disease was often neglected, which allowed it to spread rapidly. In March, panic struck European societies, the health systems of many countries collapsed, and governments introduced drastic restrictions on civil liberties and on the functioning of the economy. The European Union, which was helpless in the first period, took steps in the spring to restore the European economy after the end of the epidemic.
Źródło:
Polityka i Społeczeństwo; 2020, 18, 4; 9-26
1732-9639
Pojawia się w:
Polityka i Społeczeństwo
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ocena sprawozdania Komisji Europejskiej: Kontrola stosowania prawa Unii Europejskiej. Sprawozdanie roczne za rok 2019
Evaluation of the report of the European Commission: Monitoring the application of European Union law. 2019 Annual Report
Autorzy:
Jaśkowski, Marek
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2195380.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Kancelaria Sejmu. Biuro Analiz Sejmowych
Tematy:
European Commission
Polska
law
European Union
Opis:
The author points out that, in the light of the information contained in the report, negative developments include the fact that a relatively large number of infringement proceedings are initiated and pending against Poland and that Poland has recently lost a relatively large number of cases in the Court of Justice. On the other hand positive aspects include a significant reduction in the number of proceedings for failure to implement directives in a timely manner and the fact that in the reporting period no judgment was issued against Poland for failure to implement the judgment of the Court of Justice.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS; 2021, 2(70); 175-183
1896-9852
2082-064X
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The European Union Budget as an Indicator of Changes in EU Policies
Budżet Unii Europejskiej jako wskaźnik zmian polityk UE
Autorzy:
Murzyn, Dorota
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/595935.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Łódzkie Towarzystwo Naukowe
Tematy:
European Union; EU budget; European public policy
Opis:
Celem artykułu jest próba oszacowania, w jaki sposób priorytety polityczne Unii Europejskiej są odzwierciedlane w budżecie UE. Pytania na temat celów budżetu oraz zasad, które regulują wykorzystanie finansów publicznych w Unii, są powiązane z szerszymi pytaniami o charakter UE i jej ewolucję. Artykuł jest przyczynkiem do debaty na temat polityk i finansów publicznych Unii Europejskiej oraz pokazuje relacje między procesem kształtowania polityk Unii a jej budżetem. Rozwój wydatków budżetowych następuje wraz z rozwojem polityk unijnych. Istnieje przy tym współzależność między politykami Unii; wszystkie obszary polityki współdziałają ze sobą, co jest szczególnie widoczne w budżecie UE. Wiele obszarów polityki UE ma charakter regulacyjny i małe wymagania dotyczące wydatków budżetowych, z wyjątkiem administracji. Unia Europejska posiada znaczącą odpowiedzialność tylko w stosunku do jednego obszaru istotnego dla wydatków publicznych – spraw gospodarczych. Jednakże wiele programów i funduszy UE realizuje tak wiele różnych ambitnych celów, że często są one nieadekwatne do dostępnego budżetu. Stosunkowo niewielki rozmiar budżetu UE sprawia, że przepisy i zalecenia (sfera regulacyjna) mają większe znaczenie niż wydatki budżetowe w osiąganiu priorytetów politycznych.
The focus of this paper is on the EU budget and the changes in European policies. The basic objective of the paper is to assess how the political priorities of the European Union are reflected in the EU budget, mainly on the expenditure side. Questions about the purpose of the budget and the principles that govern the use of public finances in the Union are linked to wider questions about the nature of the EU and its evolution. The paper contributes to the theoretical debates on European policy and public finances, but also provides policy insights on the relationship between the EU policy process and the budget. The development of budgetary expenditures follows the development of EU policies. Hence this paper detects the interrelationships among the policies of the Union; all policy areas interact with one another, which is particularly visible in EU budget. Many areas of EU policy are regulatory in nature and have few requirements for spending, except for administration. The EU has a significant responsibility in relation to only one area important to public expenditure: economic affairs. However, EU spending programmes pursue a multiplicity of grand objectives, often unrelated to the available funding. The relatively small size of the EU budget makes the EU’s rules (the regulatory sphere) matter more than the EU’s expenditures in attaining political priorities.
Źródło:
Studia Prawno-Ekonomiczne; 2018, 106; 265-278
0081-6841
Pojawia się w:
Studia Prawno-Ekonomiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
GLOSSARY TO THE JUDGMENT OF THE COURT OF JUSTISE OF THE EUROPEAN UNION C-638/16 X AND X V ÉTAT BELGE
Autorzy:
Shulha, Aliaksei
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/915820.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II
Tematy:
humanitarian visa
international protection
European Union
Court of Justice fo the European Union
Opis:
The subject of the glossary is to consider certain aspects concerning issuing of humanitarian visas . Its aim is to demonstrate the need for humanitarian visas in order to allow individuals to cross the external borders of the European Union in hopes of protection in one of its Member States . The prohibition of torture, inhuman or degrading treatment derives from the European Union and inter-national law . It confirms the importance of granting international protection to foreigners and accessibility to this procedure . This article is generally based on the Advocate General’s opinion and the judgment of the Court of Justice of the European Union in case C-638/16 X and X v État belge . It is also noted that the Court did not comply with the recommendations of the Advocate General . The arguments used in this article are to show that people in need of international protection should be able to apply for a humanitarian visa under European Union and international law
Źródło:
Review of European and Comparative Law; 2017, 29, 2; 121-133
2545-384X
Pojawia się w:
Review of European and Comparative Law
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Europejskie programy wspierające rozwój społeczeństwa informacyjnego oraz ich wykorzystanie na przykładzie województwa opolskiego
European Programs supporting development of information society and its practices on the example of Opole Region
Autorzy:
Tracz-Krupa, Katarzyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/547389.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Rzeszowski. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego
Tematy:
Unia Europejska fundusze unijne społeczeństwo informacyjne.
European Union European Union funds information society.
Opis:
Celem artykułu jest prezentacja wybranych europejskich programów i inicjatyw wspierają-cych rozwój społeczeństwa informacyjnego ze szczególnych uwzględnieniem Regionalnych Pro-gramów Operacyjnych i Programu Operacyjnego Kapitał Ludzki oraz ich wykorzystania na przy-kładzie województwa opolskiego. Jako metodę badawczą zastosowano analizę źródeł literaturo-wych oraz aktów prawnych.
The purpose of this article is to present the selected European programs and initiatives sup-porting development of information society with particular emphasis on Regional Operational Programs and Human Capital Operational Program, together with their practices in Opole Region. The analysis of literature sources and legal acts has been chosen as the research method.
Źródło:
Nierówności Społeczne a Wzrost Gospodarczy; 2013, 32; 438-448
1898-5084
2658-0780
Pojawia się w:
Nierówności Społeczne a Wzrost Gospodarczy
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zasada poszanowania godności ludzkiej w wykładni Trybunału Sprawiedliwości Unii Europejskiej
The principle of human dignity as interpreted at the Court of Justice of the European Union
Autorzy:
Kołatek, Radosław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2206766.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Kancelaria Sejmu. Biuro Analiz Sejmowych
Tematy:
dignity
European Union
human rights
Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU)
Opis:
Article has been focused on the notion of human dignity as interpreted by the CJEU and its evolution during history of European integration. In the beginning the competence conferred on the European Communities pertained generally to the economic area so the possibility of affecting the rights of individuals was not apparent. The expressive recognition of the principle of human dignity by the CJEU occurred rather late with the ruling of 2001 regarding the Directive on the legal protection of biotechnical inventions. The CJEU’s judgement in Omega was of crucial importance because it confirmed that a fundamental right to human dignity is part of EU law. The Brüstle judgement of 2011, regarding the context of bioscience and biotechnology, brought more light on the CJEU positon with reference to the issue of human dignity. In this case the age-old problem of the moral status of the embryo is the central issue. Today this decision is seen as a justification and vindication of the principle of human dignity.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS; 2019, 1(61); 9-24
1896-9852
2082-064X
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
European Union Policy towards the Pacific Island States
Autorzy:
Siekiera, Joanna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/962434.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
South Pacific
European Union
foreign policy
European Union foreign policy
Pacific
Pacific island
Opis:
The article concerns the idea as well as the form of international cooperation between states and international organizations, illustrated by the example of the relationship between the European Union and the Pacific region. There is some useful literature on the subject but this needs be to completed. The influences of the world’s leaders collide on the Pacific Ocean, which gives this area primacy in geopolitical domination, slowly downgrading the Atlantic Community. The main purpose of the paper is, therefore, to research the possibilities and methods of legal and extrajudicial cooperation betweentwo continents which are very distant from each other. This work underlines the difference between official policy, presented by the regional intergovernmental organizations, and the individual policies of member states, who are not tied down by Brussels politics and may maintain their own foreign relations.
Źródło:
Adam Mickiewicz University Law Review; 2015, 5; 163-170
2450-0976
Pojawia się w:
Adam Mickiewicz University Law Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Podejmowanie i wykonywanie działalności prowadzonej na własny rachunek w świetle prawa Unii Europejskiej
Right to take up and pursue activities by self-employed persons in the light of the European Union law
Autorzy:
Jaroszyński, Tomasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2216009.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Kancelaria Sejmu. Biuro Analiz Sejmowych
Tematy:
European Union law
freedom of establishment
Court of Justice of the European Union
Opis:
The paper is focused on discussing grounds for restricting the freedom of establishment as settled by the CJEU in C-55/94, Gebhard. The analysis shows that the possibility of imposing restrictions on economic activity should be carefully examined at the stage of adoption of national law, as it falls to the Member State to prove that national provisions meet conditions laid down in the EU legislation and the CJEU case law.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS; 2020, 3(67); 9-34
1896-9852
2082-064X
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
O roli orzecznictwa TSUE w procesie harmonizacji prawa Unii Europejskiej z prawem krajowym
The role of the ECJ case-law in the process of harmonization of EU law with national law
Autorzy:
Będźmirowska, Paulina
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/953043.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet w Białymstoku. Wydawnictwo Temida 2
Tematy:
agricultural law
European Union law
the Court of Justice of the European Union
Opis:
Upon entry into force of the accession treaty, Poland – as a member state of the European Union – became bound by the body of EU law (the acquis communautaire), including its primary and secondary law as well as the interpretation of EU law contained in the Court of Justice of the European Union case-law. Due to a very close approximation of Polish legislation to EU law – resulting from the obligation to consider, employ, and apply in the process of implementing the former a number of EU legal acts, i.e. regulations, directives, as well as acts of soft law such as guidelines and recommendations that are not acts of common law – the problem of the scope of application of EU law within the Polish legal system has occurred; this problem, or a gap in the legal sense, has been addressed and resolved, to a large extent, by case-law of the CJEU.
Źródło:
Studia Iuridica Agraria; 2016, 14; 329-340
1642-0438
Pojawia się w:
Studia Iuridica Agraria
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Proces rozszerzenia Unii Europejskiej jako cel operacyjny polskiej prezydencji w Radzie Unii Europejskiej
The European Union enlargement process as an operational objective of the Polish Presidency in the Council of the European Union
Autorzy:
Węc, Janusz Józef
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/506358.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Krakowska Akademia im. Andrzeja Frycza Modrzewskiego
Tematy:
European Union
European integration
Polish Presidency of the EU Council
The European Union enlargement process
Opis:
On balance the performance of the first Polish EU Council Presidency in the matter of the enlargement process of the European Union seems to be positive. The Polish Presidency effectively implemented the five main functions of a Presidency: the agenda-setting, brokerage, management, coordination and internal representation in the contacts with the governments of member states and the institutions of the European Union. The most important aspect was that it managed to implement almost all the operational objectives typically required for the enlargement process. Despite the objections and doubts expressed by the governments of many member states, conditioned mainly by the debt crisis of the Eurozone and the need for internal and external consolidation of the European Union, the Polish Presidency managed to maintain the concept of enlargement as an important element on the EU’s agenda. On 5 December 2011, on the initiative of the Polish Presidency, the General Affairs Council agreed a new approach to the accession negotiations involving the earliest possible opening of the most contentious negotiation chapters, including fundamental rights and policies pertaining to the area of freedom, security and justice. Employing the agenda-setting function, the Polish Presidency was the co-author of the Group Presidency programme and the author of the country’s Presidency programme and both documents provided the foundation for Poland’s activity in the process of enlargement of the European Union. The most important achievements of the Polish Presidency resulting from the implementation of the brokerage, coordination and management functions concerned Croatia, Iceland, Serbia and Montenegro. The Polish government finalised the work on the text of the accession treaty with Croatia and brought about the signing of the treaty on 9 December 2011. It also accepted the agreements referring to the status of Croatia in the transition period; that is, until the treaty becomes fully effective. The Polish Presidency also gave a significant impetus to the accession negotiations with Iceland, by opening seven negotiation chapters and concluding six. The achievement of the Polish Presidency towards the endeavours of the countries of the Western Balkans to gain accession to the European Union was the opening of procedures leading to Serbia being granted candidate country status, although the formal decision was taken on 28 February 2012 by the General Affairs Council under the chairmanship of the Danish Presidency. In addition, the politically crucial enlargement conclusions of the General Affairs Council for Montenegro, on the basis of which the European Council announced that a decision would be taken on the commencement of accession negotiations in June 2012, were achieved during the Polish Presidency. Taking into account that some member states were critical of the steps taken to normalise relationships between Serbia and Kosovo, the balanced conclusions of the Council, in the part referring to Serbia, should also be taken as a success for the Polish Presidency. Although the Polish Presidency suffered a few failures it is worth emphasising that they resulted mainly from the attitude of other member states such as Greece or the negligence of the third party countries in the enlargement process – in the cases of Turkey, Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Kosovo. The Polish government, like the others since 2009, failed to overcome the opposition of Greece to the commencement of accession negotiations with Macedonia, although other member states fully supported the concept. The Polish Presidency, like the Belgian and Hungarian Presidencies, was unable to open any new chapter in the accession negotiations with Turkey. However, the reasons were the lack of progress in the implementation of the process of reforms by the Turkish government, the still unsolved controversial issues with Cyprus, the growing assertiveness of Turkey in the foreign policy arena and the unfavourable attitude towards the accession of Turkey to the Union by some member states. Nonetheless, the Polish Presidency achieved an agreement with other member states for a positive agenda in the relations between the Union and Turkey, which led to a relatively balanced text relating to Turkey in the conclusions of the General Affairs Council on 5 December 2011. The reason for the lack of achievement in the enlargement process with Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Kosovo was the limited progress in fulfilling the Copenhagen criteria made by these countries. Therefore, these countries still remain only as states which aspire to be members of the European Union. Balancing all the stated successes and failures it should be emphasised that the Polish Presidency gave new impetus to the enlargement process of the European Union. This was visible in the proposal by the Polish government and its acceptance by the General Affairs Council of a new methodology for conducting future accession negotiations, the significant advancement of the accession negotiations with Iceland, the opening of the procedure for granting candidate country status to Serbia and establishing the political requirements for the commencement of accession negotiations with Montenegro. In addition, the Polish government signed the accession treaty with Croatia and accepted the agreements regarding the country’s status in its relationships with the European Union in the transition period until the accession treaty is fully implemented.
Źródło:
Krakowskie Studia Międzynarodowe; 2013, 4; 73-87
1733-2680
2451-0610
Pojawia się w:
Krakowskie Studia Międzynarodowe
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Analiza przepisów ustawy o podatku dochodowym od osób fizycznych, które zostały zaimplementowane lub zmienione pod wpływem prawa Unii Europejskiej
Analysis of the provisions of the Act on Personal Income Tax which have been implemented or amended under the influence of European Union law
Autorzy:
Kulicki, Jacek
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/23352276.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Kancelaria Sejmu. Biuro Analiz Sejmowych
Tematy:
income tax
individual
European Union
Opis:
The author analyses the provisions concerning the taxation of natural persons, pointing out that in the current state of the law the provisions shaped under the influence of EU law include, inter alia, the provisions regulating the taxation of income of spouses and single parents, income from winnings, certain income from cash capitals, as well as the possibility to deduct social security contributions from the tax base, or the definition of employee pension schemes. The author emphasises that although the structural elements of this tax are not, in principle, harmonised under EU law, each of the Act’s provisions may be assessed in the light of the Treaty provisions, primarily those relating to the common market, freedom of economic activity, movement of capital, services, persons, non-discrimination, state aid.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS; 2023, 2(78); 132-155
1896-9852
2082-064X
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Analiza rozwiązań prawnych dotyczących szczepień przeciw COVID-19 dla osób małoletnich oraz wyrażania przez rodziców zgody na szczepienie małoletnich w wybranych państwach UE
Analysis of the legal arrangements for COVID-19 vaccination of minors and parental consent to vaccination of minors in selected EU countries
Autorzy:
Adamiec, Danuta
Branna, Justyna
Dziewulak, Dobromir
Firlej, Natalia
Groszkowska, Kamila
Karkowska, Marta
Krawczyk, Kaja
Kupis, Daniela
Tazuszel, Angelina
Żołądek, Łukasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/23352305.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Kancelaria Sejmu. Biuro Analiz Sejmowych
Tematy:
immunisation
health protection
European Union
Opis:
The rules for the organisation of health policy on immunization are defined by each state in relation to its citizens. The laws of individual EU countries make the possibility of vaccinating minors dependent on, among other things, the age of the person to be vaccinated and the consent of one or both parents or other legal guardians. The analysis presents the requirements for parental consent and the age limits in each country from which minors can decide for themselves to be vaccinated.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS; 2023, 2(78); 233-266
1896-9852
2082-064X
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Umocowanie koncepcji smart village, idei „odnowy wsi” oraz terminu „aktywizacja społeczności lokalnych” w krajowych politykach i aktach prawnych
Embedding of the concept of “smart village”, the idea of “village renewal” and the term “activation of local communities” in national policies and legal acts
Autorzy:
Gwiazdowicz, Mirosław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/23352313.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Kancelaria Sejmu. Biuro Analiz Sejmowych
Tematy:
agriculture
European Union
digitalisation
countryside
Opis:
Analysing the programmes implemented in recent years to support various measures for local development, improvement of living conditions in rural areas or business activities in rural areas, the author finds that both the broadly understood concepts of ‘village renewal’ and ‘activation of local communities’ have been anchored in legislation and in the government’s programme documents. The smart village concept has also recently been included in the objectives of financial support for rural development. A prerequisite for the successful implementation of this concept is to further increase the availability of information and communication technologies in rural areas.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS; 2023, 2(78); 278-291
1896-9852
2082-064X
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Problemy społeczności miast a współpraca między Chinami i Unią Europejską
Problems of Urban Communities and the Co-operation between China and the European Union
Autorzy:
Waligóra, Kamil
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2028795.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
China
city
European Union
urbanization
Opis:
The article presents the development of the relations between China and the European Union at the level of urban policy. It begins with spatial and social analysis complemented by an attempt to identify the sources of dynamic process of urbanization in both China and the UE. Subsequently, the main problems of the cities in the EU and China are presented, suggesting areas of correlation. Another fragment shows the existing cooperation between China and the EU and possible directions of further cooperation in the fi eld of urban policy.
Źródło:
Studia komitetu przestrzennego zagospodarowania kraju PAN; 2015, 164; 251-261
0079-3507
Pojawia się w:
Studia komitetu przestrzennego zagospodarowania kraju PAN
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
European Disability Strategy– Assessment of Implementation of Eu Directives on The Example of Disabled Client Service in Polish Banks
Autorzy:
STACHARSKA-TARGOSZ, Jolanta
TARGOSZ, Radosław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1033821.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Zakład Opieki Zdrowotnej Ośrodek Umea Shinoda-Kuracejo
Tematy:
Disability
Discrimination
European Union
Unemployment
Opis:
Disability is one of the most crucial social problems of the 21st century because of the fact that one in six inhabitants of the European Union, namely, about 80 million in total, has a moderate or severe level of disability, whereas one-third of people at the age of above 75 is disabled. Constant progress in the process of diagnosing diseases, innovative methods of their prevention and treatment – thanks to the newest achievements in medical technology that are reflected in modern medical equipment – enable physicians to prolong life. So, gradual ageing of the population will lead to an increase of the number of disabled people and consequently, to the necessity of adapting the surrounding in such a way that we create for these people possibilities of participating in everyday life. In this publication we discuss several guidelines from the strategy of the European Union on disability and attempt to assess their implementation, conducted on the example of adjustedness of very special public institutions – banks – to the service on disabled persons. A major focus is on the analysis of the level of preparation of open-access rooms, taking into consideration architectural solutions, furnishing with modern equipment that supports the service on a disabled customer and also an appropriate training of thebank employees in order to raise the quality of service. Particular attention was paid to t
Źródło:
Medicina Internacia Revuo; 2013, 25, 101; 184- 200
0465-5435
Pojawia się w:
Medicina Internacia Revuo
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Cybersecurity in the European Union
Autorzy:
Wołyniec, Jakub
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1047954.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Fundacja Niepodległości
Tematy:
cybersecurity
cyber threats
european union.
Opis:
Because of the asymmetric nature of cyber threats and the dynamics of their evolution, there is a tendency for a growing role of security cooperation activities in cyberspace through joint efforts of states and non-state actors in international relations. New challenges and threats caused by the global pandemic are linked with an increased internet activity. The recent spread of fake news related to COVID-19 illness caused by SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus might be seen as part of sharp power disinformation strategy applied by state actors. International organisations serve as a forum for discussion to disseminate and analyse knowledge about cybersecurity and the effects of cyber threats, they are at the same time creators of common principles of prevention, legal and institutional solutions, and are complementary to the activities of states in this field. By adopting the regional level of analysis as its methodological perspective, the article shows a natural evolution of cybersecurity means from the time of the 1990s and early 2000s when the focus was set on computer and cyberspace as a tool of serious and organised crime, through the stage when computer crime was endangering cyberspace of the EU Member States, to the period when finally the EU objectives were to achieve an open, safe and secure cyberspace keeping in mind the importance of raising awareness and acquiring skills and knowledge how to avoid or face cyber threats. At the early stages of establishing the EU cybersecurity policy, the documents focused on definitions and identifications of threats and trends. Later stages included organising institutional and legal framework, and setting up specialised institutions, centres and teams. Not only did the understanding of cyber-related issues changed but also the response of the EU to cyber threats. The transition is from the soft law instruments (recommendations) such as guidelines, communications, declarations, roadmaps, actions plans, and strategies towards more hard law instruments (obligations) such as directives and other legislative acts. The character of directives has also changed – from directives on cyber-related issues to those characterised as cyber-oriented, each being more ambitious than the previous one. The complete appraisal of the effectiveness of the EU cyber security policy is impeded by a specific nature of cyberspace and its security, as well as problems with gathering appropriate data.
Źródło:
Prawo i Polityka; 2019, 9; 31-44
2080-5799
Pojawia się w:
Prawo i Polityka
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Russia’s imperative and the energy factor
Autorzy:
Nurzyńska, Anna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1177400.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN
Tematy:
European Union
NATO
energy security
Opis:
The North Atlantic Alliance must absolutely fulfill its role in ensuring energy security, because it has an enormous strategic potential the ability to protect the infrastructure and the transit area in cooperation with partners in the event of a crisis situation. For this reason, the Alliance should fulfill their mission primarily with military means. Recent events show that in the European Union, the US and other countries have a great turn in the development of energy connections with Russia and a deep one Atlantic towards use new types of energy resources. NATO member states have all the possibilities to successively control this process, strengthening transatlantic bond despite the belligerent attitude of Russia. The results of this will contribute to promote an open and transparent global management and trade system energy.
Źródło:
World Scientific News; 2018, 104; 387-399
2392-2192
Pojawia się w:
World Scientific News
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Multilateralizm akwenowy w polityce Unii Europejskiej
AQUANAL MULTILATERALIZM IN EUROPEAN UNION POLICY
Autorzy:
Rossa, Donata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/418909.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Akademia Marynarki Wojennej. Wydział Nauk Humanistycznych i Społecznych
Tematy:
AQUANAL POLICY
MULTILATERALISM
EUROPEAN UNION
Opis:
A characteristic feature of the emerging system of security in Europe became multilateralism, which in the security sphere is the resultant of many, often contradictory, trends. It is the main method of organizing by the safety, consisting of participation in alliances and cooperation programmes. The article presents the concept of multilateral cooperation of the European Union on its marine areas, stressing the role and tasks of this Organization on selected sea zones.
Źródło:
Colloquium; 2012, 4, 1; 45-64
2081-3813
2658-0365
Pojawia się w:
Colloquium
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The European Parliament in view of the development of the EU Security and Defence Policy after the Lisbon Treaty
Autorzy:
Staszczyk, Artur
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1963321.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018-12-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
Parliament
security
defence
European Union
Opis:
This article analyses the position of the European Parliament on the priorities for the development of the EU Common Security and Defence Policy. The issues covered by this policy after the entry into force of the Lisbon Treaty remained the domain of intergovernmental cooperation mechanisms. Despite the changes made to the Lisbon Treaty to unify the Union’s external relations by removing its pillars and expanding CSDP tasks, the role of the EP in its creation has not increased in line with its expectations. In accordance with the provisions of the TEU, decisions on the operation of the CSDP shall be adopted by the Council, acting unanimously on a proposal from the High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy or from a Member State. As a result of such Treaty arrangements, the EP is unable to play such a role in the area of CSDP that would correspond to the importance of this body in the EU’s institutional system. Therefore, the main instrument for the implementation of the EP policy in the area of CSDP remain resolutions in which this body calls for the inclusion of transnational cooperation mechanisms in it. By expressing its position in resolutions, the EP advocates for the development of a strong, unified CSDP based on defined European security interests, as well as the development of a pan-European approach to the issues covered by this policy.
Źródło:
Reality of Politics; 2018, 9; 123-136
2082-3959
Pojawia się w:
Reality of Politics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The position of the European Parliament on the European Unions Energy Security Policy
Autorzy:
Staszczyk, Artur
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1963322.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018-12-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
Parliament
security
energy
European Union
Opis:
Ensuring the energy security is currently one of the EU’s top priorities. The EU energy policy, after the entry into force of the Treaty of Lisbon, is regulated by Article 194 TFEU, which guarantees a solid legal basis for European Union actions in this area on the basis of the Community method. The European Parliament, within the scope of its Community competences, as a participant in the decision-making process, contributes to shaping the face of the EU energy policy. Furthermore, by adopting nonlegislative resolutions, the EP expresses its position on the most crucial issues included in this policy and has an indirect influence on its shape. The aim of this article is the analysis of the content of these resolutions and presentation of the EP’s opinion on the challenges facing the EU in the field of energy. It should be highlighted that the European Parliament is the EU body with a strong emphasis on a supranational approach to energy security. The European Parliament prefers the view that all Member States, in a spirit of solidarity, must take actions to guarantee the EU’s common energy security. In favour of a common, integrated European energy market, the EP puts great emphasis on the necessity to implement ambitious climate policy objectives within its framework, the key element of which is the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions.
Źródło:
Reality of Politics; 2018, 9; 112-122
2082-3959
Pojawia się w:
Reality of Politics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Main Problems in the Relations Between the European Union and Turkey
Autorzy:
Chelidze, Guranda
Machitidze, Elisabed
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1633820.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-07
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Centrum Europejskie
Tematy:
Turkey
European Union
Relations
Membership
Opis:
This paper depicts the dynamics of the EU-Turkey relations beginning from the signing of the association agreement, i.e. the Ankara contract, to date. In addition, it aims to specify the factors preventing the bilateral collaboration and achievement of EU membership as aspired to by Ankara. The paper focuses on both the internal and international problems arising on Turkey's path to EU membership, namely, the westernisation trend originating from Kemal Ataturk times, recent developments in Turkey, the democratisation of political institutions, the rule of law and protection of human rights, regional security, Turkey's part in the refugee crisis, visafree travel, Greek-Turkey relationships, Ankara's stance towards Cyprus, the Kurdish problem, and the Turkey-US and Turkey-Russia relationships. The authors discuss the EU Member States' attitude towards the political and socio-economic developments in Turkey and the way Ankara looks at the requirements put forward by those Member States. We suggest several methods of rapprochement and brighter bilateral prospects.
Źródło:
Studia Europejskie - Studies in European Affairs; 2021, 25, 2; 153-169
1428-149X
2719-3780
Pojawia się w:
Studia Europejskie - Studies in European Affairs
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Inwestycje w rozwój infrastruktury drogowej jako instrument polityki lokalnej gminy – ocena projektów realizowanych ze środków Unii Europejskiej w Mieście Białystok
Investments in Road Infrastructure Development as an I nstrument of Local Policy – Evaluation of Project Co-financed from EU in Białystok
Autorzy:
Busłowska, Anna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/639706.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Jagielloński. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego
Tematy:
infrastructure
growth
European Union
projects
Opis:
A commune is a basic self-government unit in Poland. Handing over a part of qualifications to the local level of self-government engendered the need of the effective and creative resource management for social, economic and ecological development of communes. Tools of infrastructure stimulating constitute the special group of instruments of local development. Equipping the area with social and economic infrastructure is one of factors and of indicators of investment attractiveness. It influences the quality of life of inhabitants. It is also contributing to the development of existing companies and attracting the outside investments. Tools that can be used in this area are: co-financing of investment by the commune and the independent realization by the commune of infrastructure investments. A main goal of this contribution is an attempt of the assessment of the results of projects co-financed from EU funds carried out in the field of the road infrastructure as the effective tool of the local politics. Analysis will concern the City of Białystok which is dynamically using public funds for the improvement in the infrastructure. In particular it will include results of all selected projects.
Źródło:
Zarządzanie Publiczne; 2011, 4(16); 63-79
2084-3968
Pojawia się w:
Zarządzanie Publiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Health Care Expenditure and the State of Health Care Sector in Selected European Union Countries
Autorzy:
Hady, Joanna
Leśniowska, Małgorzata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/599679.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Wyższa Szkoła Informatyki i Zarządzania z siedzibą w Rzeszowie
Tematy:
expenditure
health care
European Union
Opis:
The article deals with the issue of health care, focusing on expenditure allocated to it. The first part of the article reviews some selected European Union countries, analyzing their expenditure on their health care sectors. The second part brings an analysis of expenditure on health care in Poland. Basing on this analysis we determine the state of the Polish health care sector. Moreover, as regards the Polish health care sector, we indicate the expenditure forecasts. The article concludes with a comparison of the state of the Polish system to the state of the systems in other European countries.
Źródło:
Finansowy Kwartalnik Internetowy e-Finanse; 2011, 7, 4; 25-36
1734-039X
Pojawia się w:
Finansowy Kwartalnik Internetowy e-Finanse
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Kluczowe problemy polityczne w dialogu Unii Europejskiej z Chińską Republiką Ludową na progu XXI wieku
Key Issues in Political Dialog between European Union and China on the Threshold of 21st Century
Autorzy:
Gorgol, Katarzyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/567040.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie. Instytut Nauk Politycznych
Tematy:
China
European Union
Political dialog
Opis:
The article presents the political aspect of relations between European Union and China. It focuses on the following issues: human rights, European embargo on arms' sales, environment, technology transfer and external dimension of their partnership (concerning USA and Africa). Those political aspects are gaining on importance since the economic ties between the two partners are getting stronger every year. Famous Chinese boom has made it one of the most important trade partners of the EU. Since 1978 (date of signature of commercial agreement), trade value have been multiplied by 60, reaching in 2006, more than 254 billion euro. Aware of this evolution, the European Commission has given the first impulse for developing closer relations. Its policy paper on China entitled „A long term policy for China Europe relations" published in 1995, is considered as a first European strategy towards this country. Since then, it has been completed by many other documents, giving a wide panorama of EU objectives towards China. The „leitmotiv" is engaging China into the international community, which means acting by positive means like development programs, technology transfers, and cultural exchanges. On the other hand it means fewer restrictions on the most sensitive issues, like human rights. In this field the traditional instrument of policy towards China: sanctions, has been replaced by dialogue, which is held on regular basis between EU and Chinese diplomats. The critical view on this matter is presented in this article. The Chinese side has soon welcomed the growing interest from the European side, since its fits very well its international strategy. The Chinese ambition is to become „the first league" player on the international scene and the European support seems to be precious for China. In 2003, Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs published its first policy paper ever. Not surprisingly, it concerned relations with European Union. The Chinese vision is focused on "multilateralism" as the objective to reach in international relations. This implies that relations with EU are regarded in a wider perspective. The aspect concerning the United States has to be therefore taken into consideration. An important phase of EU-China relations will be marked by signing the new multicultural agreement, which was announced to be negotiated in January 2007.
Źródło:
Forum Politologiczne; 2008, 8 - Współczesny Daleki Wschód w stosunkach międzynarodowych - rywalizacja i mocarstwowość; 367-404
1734-1698
Pojawia się w:
Forum Politologiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Demokracja ponadnarodowa w Unii Europejskiej. Wstępna analiza teoretyczna
Supra-national democracy in the European Union. A preliminary theoretical analysis
Autorzy:
Ruszkowski, Janusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/625216.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
supranational democracy
European Union
supranationalism
Opis:
This paper seeks answers to the following two research questions: whether it is possible to have democracy without people (here as an example of democracy at the supranational level in the EU), and what are the sources of such a democracy, if the source is not a nation, and the area is not a state? This paper provides a new approach to the theory of democracy and postulates to integrate a new type of democracy and traditional concept of democracy. The main theoretical paradigm on which the theory was based is supranationalism with elements of the theory of democracy and Multi-level Governance (MLG). Supranational democracy in the European Union is located on a supranational level of MLG, which means that it is not assigned to the state and – importantly – in practice demonstrates that it does not have to have a national character. The text presents a preliminary attempt at a theoretical analysis related to supranational democracy in the EU. In practice, the author goes towards identifying the constituent components of the concept of “supranational democracy” and the sources of this phenomenon in the European Union.
Źródło:
Rocznik Integracji Europejskiej; 2015, 9; 17-37
1899-6256
Pojawia się w:
Rocznik Integracji Europejskiej
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Hrvatski nacionalni identitet i Europska unija
Autorzy:
Sršen, Andreja
Piskač, Davor
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/677469.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Slawistyki PAN
Tematy:
identity
structure
language
European Union
Opis:
Croatian national identity and the European Union The permanent anthropological determinant of men which provides them with a feeling of social security is the feeling of belonging to a larger group of people. Various forms of such affiliations existed in the past. They represent older types of collective relationships, such as tribes, the Greek poleis, medieval kingdoms and the like. All of them exhibit the fundamental features of the “structure” of identity. Nowadays, Croatia being at the doorstep of the European Union, the issue of national identity becomes a matter of its internal structure that resists integration, yet seeking to become a part of the “European identity structure”. Croatia’s scepticism towards the EU stems from the questions of whether the European identity exists and which possibilities for preserving all the structural elements of Croatian national identity, including language as the main aspect, exist within the European Union. The territory, language and customs acquire defensive features that are becoming increasingly disintegrating and decreasingly integrating in the multi-ethnic Europe. Chorwacka tożsamość narodowa i Unia Europejska Trwałą determinantą antropologiczną człowieka, dającą mu poczucie bezpieczeństwa społecznego, jest świadomość przynależności do większej grupy. Niegdyś istniały różne formy takiej przynależności, a mianowicie starsze typy związków społecznych, jak plemiona, greckie polis, średniowieczne królestwa itd. Współcześnie te formy przynależności zbiorowej są związane ze strukturą narodową, z państwem-narodem lub też ze strukturą ponadnarodową, jaką jest Unia Europejska. W każdej z nich można znaleźć podstawowe cechy strukturalne w postaci tożsamości narodowej lub ponadnarodowej. Obecnie, kiedy Chorwacja oczekuje na przyjęcie do Unii Europejskiej, kwestia tożsamości narodowej staje się sprawą jej wewnętrznej struktury, która stawia opór integracji, ale jednocześnie chce być częścią ponadnarodowej „tożsamości europejskiej”. Sceptycyzm Chorwacji wobec UE wynika ze stawianych pytań: czy istnieje tożsamość europejska i jakie są możliwości zachowania wszystkich elementów chorwackiej konstrukcji tożsamości narodowej z językiem jako jej głównym komponentem w obrębie Unii Europejskiej? Terytorium, język i zwyczaje zyskują bowiem cechy defensywne, stając się w wieloetnicznej Europie czynnikiem coraz bardziej dezintegrującym, a nie służącym integracji.
Źródło:
Slavia Meridionalis; 2012, 12
1233-6173
2392-2400
Pojawia się w:
Slavia Meridionalis
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Priame dane v Európskej únii a praktické dôsledky ich ukladania
Autorzy:
Sýkora, Matej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2148644.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008
Wydawca:
Instytut Studiów Międzynarodowych i Edukacji Humanum
Tematy:
European Union
taxes
tax law
Opis:
This work deals with the direct taxes in the area of the EU from the practical perspective. In the beginning there is a short description of the main legal provisions and theoretical principles (part 1, 2 and 3). In the fourth part of the work there are some judgments of The Court of Justice of the European Communities, that is the highest judicial organ in the EU that shapes the direct taxes from the European perspective. It means that The Court of Justice of the European Communities brings the assessment of the direct taxes in harmony with the basic documents of the EU. The aim of this work is to show the relation between the direct taxes and freedoms guaranteed in the EU, that are formulated in the establishing treaties of the European Communities; such as the free movement of goods, free movement of services and freedom of establishment, free movement of persons and free movement of capital. There is a visible impact of globalization in the area of direct taxes as well and it will probably be still stronger and stronger desire in the future to harmonize the direct taxes in order to make the European and maybe also the universal business less complicated and thus more successful.
Źródło:
Humanum. Międzynarodowe Studia Społeczno-Humanistyczne; 2008, 2(2); 139-153
1898-8431
Pojawia się w:
Humanum. Międzynarodowe Studia Społeczno-Humanistyczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Finland in the Mediterranean
Autorzy:
Melasuo, Tuomo
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2165501.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023-01-31
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Centrum Europejskie
Tematy:
Finland
Mediterranean
European Union
Security
Opis:
This article aimes to shed light on the rich, but rather enigmatic relationship between Finland and the Mediterranean world. These interactions have been approached since Antiquity, but this paper's focus has been on 19th and 20th centuries and especially on the last three decades. About thirty years ago, when Finland was preparing itself to join the European Union, it also had to build up a real Mediterranean policy of its own. It was in the Corfu European Council in June 1994 when the then-president realised that the country needed such a policy. Thus, in 1995, when Finland joined the EU, it also participated in the Barcelona Euro-Mediterranean Conference and signed the Barcelona Declaration that established the Barcelona Process forming the structures for European Union cooperation with the southern and eastern Mediterranean countries. The participation into this structural process was felt important for Finland mainly for two reasons. Firstly, the country wanted to be a full and active member of the EU and thus contribute to every field of activity that are important for the union. Secondly, we Finns realised that if we wanted the southern European countries to understand and to cooperate with our own ambitions in the northern part of Europe, we needed to show solidarity towards the aims and needs of our southern partners in the Mediterranean. All this resulted in Finland being surprisingly active in all Euro-Mediterranean cooperation environments. This concerned not only official state activities, but also other public sectors as well as civil society actors and NGOs. These EuroMediterranean activities became so many and so multiform that we can deal only with a few of them here as examples.
Źródło:
Studia Europejskie - Studies in European Affairs; 2022, 26, 4; 129-147
1428-149X
2719-3780
Pojawia się w:
Studia Europejskie - Studies in European Affairs
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Opinia prawna na temat możliwości udzielania pomocy publicznej przy rozkładaniu na raty opłat wyrównawczych w sektorze mleka
Legal opinion on the possibility of granting state aid in the event of rescheduling the levies payable in the milk sector
Autorzy:
Pawłowski, Bartosz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/6567747.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Kancelaria Sejmu. Biuro Analiz Sejmowych
Tematy:
milk
agricultural market
European Union
Opis:
Article 12a (1) of the Act on the Agricultural Market Agency and Organization of Certain Agricultural Markets may provide a basis of the relevant regulation on granting aid under the de minimis conditions since it would be implementation of the provisions of Regulation 595/2004. You cannot unequivocally determine whether this provision could also serve as a legal basis for the Regulation making it possible to grant public aid under different conditions, as detailed assumptions regarding such assistance are unknown.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS; 2015, 3(47); 99-103
1896-9852
2082-064X
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ocena tematów zawartych w notatce informacyjnej Kancelarii Węgierskiego Zgromadzenia Narodowego z uwzględnieniem szans i zagrożeń dla Polski w procesie brexitu
Assessments of issues contained in a note of the Office of the Hungarian National Assembly’s, with taking into consideration Poland’s chances and threats in the course BREXIT process
Autorzy:
Wawrzyk, Piotr
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2215724.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Kancelaria Sejmu. Biuro Analiz Sejmowych
Tematy:
European Union
the United Kingdom
Opis:
The author presents an analysis of withdrawal of the United Kingdom from the European Union (BREXIT) as well as expected solutions. Legal ways of withdrawal, negotiations, conditions of implementation of procedure set out in Article 50 of the Treaty on European Union are characterized. It is pointed that because of Brexit Poland faces a great challenge, but an effective diplomacy should protect Poland from negative political and economic impacts. An own strategy of functioning in the reformed EU ought to be formulated as soon as possible.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS; 2017, 3(55); 105-125
1896-9852
2082-064X
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ocena zgodności z prawem Unii Europejskiej poselskiego projektu nowelizacji ustawy o ochronie zwierząt oraz niektórych innych ustaw
Assessment of compliance with European Union law of the Deputies’ Bill on Amending the Act on Animal Protection and Some Other Acts
Autorzy:
Pawłowski, Bartosz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2216021.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Kancelaria Sejmu. Biuro Analiz Sejmowych
Tematy:
animal protection
Bill
European Union
Opis:
In the author’s opinion, the Bill concerns issues partially regulated by the EU law and interferes with the freedom of establishment and the freedom of services guaranteed by the treaties. This does not constitute a breach of the EU law, but the introduced restrictions do not have a proper justification in terms of their proportionality to the intended purpose of the regulation. An argument that similar legal solutions are in force in other Member States was not recognized to be such a justification. According to the author, although the changes contained in the Bill may serve the overriding general interest, that is animal well-being, the compliance of the provisions with the EU law may be challenged. In the remaining scope, the Bill is compliant with the EU law, with an exception of the amendments to the Act on Animal Protection that ban slaughter without stunning in an abattoir or a slaughterhouse.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS; 2020, 4(68); 110-121
1896-9852
2082-064X
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Opinia prawna na temat sprawozdania Komisji Infrastruktury o poselskim projekcie ustawy o inwestycjach w zakresie elektrowni wiatrowych
Legal opinion on the report of the Sejm Infrastructure Committee concerning a Deputies’ bill on investments in wind power stations (Sejm Paper No. 365)
Autorzy:
Jaroszyński, Tomasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2216605.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Kancelaria Sejmu. Biuro Analiz Sejmowych
Tematy:
energy
investments
bill
European Union
Opis:
Some provisions of the proposed bill are incompatible with European Union law. They violate the principle of proportionality. The proposed draft law can also affect effective implementation by Poland of its obligations resulting from Directive 2009/28/EC (15% share of energy from renewable sources in gross final energy consumption in Poland in 2020). The mechanism of re-applying for a decision authorizing the operation of the wind power plant can be regarded as a formality that discourages service providers from doing business. The charges provided for in the bill are in contradiction to this provision, because they are not reasonable and proportionate to the cost of the authorization procedures. The bill is subject to notification, the initiation of the notification procedure does not preclude the adoption of the proposed legislation. The consequence of failure to notification may be the finding by the courts of the ineffectiveness of the provisions of the bill, as well as the commencement of proceedings against Poland under Article 258 TFEU.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS; 2016, 2(50); 185-196
1896-9852
2082-064X
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Opinia na temat projektów decyzji Rady w sprawie podpisania, tymczasowego stosowania i zawarcia kompleksowej umowy gospodarczej i handlowej między Kanadą a Unią Europejską i jej państwami członkowskimi
Opinion on the proposals for a Council decision on the signing, the provisional application and the conclusion of the Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement between Canada of the one part, and the European Union and its Member States, of the other part (COM(2016) 443 final, COM(2016) 444 final, COM(2016) 470 final)
Autorzy:
Mik, Cezary
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2216672.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Kancelaria Sejmu. Biuro Analiz Sejmowych
Tematy:
Canada
international agreement
European Union
Opis:
The author of the opinion analyzes the Agreement in terms of competence to sign and conclude it, as well as the grounds for its provisional application. In his opinion, the Agreement was written as if it were fully subject to the exclusive competence of the Union. In such case, the Council would be empowered alone to sign and conclude of the Agreement on the part of the whole EU, and to start its provisional application. However, on the basis of the scope of its regulation, the Agreement may be considered as concerning the area not covered only by exclusive competence and, therefore, its signing, provisional application and final binding force should occur on the basis of cooperation between the European Union and its Member States under the principle of sincere cooperation. Hence, it should be assumed that the Council can make decisions on these activities but, essentially, the effectiveness of these activities will depend on whether all the Member States make them also.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS; 2016, 3(51); 71-90
1896-9852
2082-064X
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Opinia prawna dotycząca zgodności rządowego projektu ustawy o zmianie ustawy o grach hazardowych oraz niektórych innych ustaw z prawem UE
Legal opinion on compliance the governmental Bill on Amendment of the Gambling Act (Sejm Paper no. 795) with the European Union law
Autorzy:
Pawłowski, Bartosz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2216707.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Kancelaria Sejmu. Biuro Analiz Sejmowych
Tematy:
gambling
European Union
internal market
Opis:
The Author claims that the state monopoly in the field of some sorts of gambling as well as obligation to organize certain sorts of gambling only in casinos are restrictions on the freedoms of the internal market (freedom of establishment and freedom to provide services). Referring to the applicable case-law of the Court of Justice, the Author underlines that such solution is justified by an over-riding reason relating to the public interest. Moreover the relevant provisions of law are appropriate and proportionate to the intended object. They are not applied in a discriminatory manner. Due to that, the bill is compliant with the European Union law.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS; 2016, 4(52); 113-128
1896-9852
2082-064X
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Opinia prawna na temat możliwości udzielenia pełnomocnictwa posłowi, przedstawicielowi wnioskodawców projektu ustawy, do reprezentowania rządu oraz Sejmu w postępowaniu notyfikacyjnym przed Komisją Europejską
Legal opinion on the possibility of granting power of attorney to a Deputy, representing of the sponsors of a bill, to represent the government and the Sejm in the course of notification proceedings before the European Commission (BAS-WAPEiM-577/15)
Autorzy:
Jaroszyński, Tomasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2223692.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Kancelaria Sejmu. Biuro Analiz Sejmowych
Tematy:
notification
bill
Sejm
European Union
Opis:
The author of the opinion claims that the Marshal of the Sejm is unable to grant power of attorney to a Deputy, representing the sponsors of a bill, to represent the government and the Sejm in notification proceedings before the European Commission. Despite the existing restrictions concerning representation, sponsors of a bill may prepare documentation related to notification of the bill for the European Commission. The final decision as to the scope of this documentation and its transfer should, however, be taken by the Marshal of the Sejm.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS; 2015, 2(46); 206-211
1896-9852
2082-064X
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Opinia na temat projektu nowelizacji dyrektywy w sprawie emisji przemysłowych (zintegrowane zapobieganie zanieczyszczeniom i ich kontrola) i dyrektywy w sprawie składowania odpadów (COM(2022) 156 final)
Opinion on the Draft Amendment of Directive on industrial emissions (integrated pollution prevention and control) and Directive on the landfill of waste (COM(2022) 156 final)
Autorzy:
Sobolewski, Mirosław
Jaroszyński, Tomasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2194654.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Kancelaria Sejmu. Biuro Analiz Sejmowych
Tematy:
environmental protection
industry
European Union
Opis:
The subject of the proposal is an amendment to the Industrial Emissions Directive (so-called IED) as a core legal act regarding the prevention and control of pollution emitted by large industrial installations. The proposed amendments include, inter alia, the tightening of permissible emission limits, the introduction of additional substances and obligations covered by permits, and increased access to emission permit proceedings for third parties. The aim of the proposed solutions is to raise the level of environmental protection while stimulating innovation and ensuring a level playing field in the EU market.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS; 2022, 3(75); 80-91
1896-9852
2082-064X
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Przekazanie parlamentom narodowym wniosku Ukrainy o członkostwo w Unii Europejskiej
Transmission to national parliaments of Ukraine’s application for membership of the European Union
Autorzy:
Żołądek, Łukasz
Krawczyk, Kaja
Wołowicz, Krzysztof
Kuszel, Konrad
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2194657.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Kancelaria Sejmu. Biuro Analiz Sejmowych
Tematy:
foreign policy
European Union
Ukraine
Opis:
This communication of the Council of the EU concerns the transmission to national Parliaments of Ukraine’s application for the membership in the European Union, thus fulfilling the requirement of Article 49 of the Treaty on European Union laying down the conditions for accession to the European Union. The authors of the opinion stress the historical and primary importance of this application and the political context of its submission.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS; 2022, 3(75); 109-123
1896-9852
2082-064X
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zakres zmian prawa polskiego mających na celu implementację dyrektywy Parlamentu Europejskiego i Rady (UE) 2019/1158 w sprawie równowagi między życiem zawodowym a prywatnym rodziców i opiekunów
Scope of amendments to Polish law to implement the Directive (EU) 2019/1158 of the European Parliament and of the Council on Work-life Balance for Parents and carers
Autorzy:
Olejniczak, Dorota
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2195381.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Kancelaria Sejmu. Biuro Analiz Sejmowych
Tematy:
Labour Code
equality
European Union
Opis:
In the opinion of the author, the implementation of the Directive, which will replace the currently binding Council Directive 2010/18/EU implementing the revised Framework Agreement on parental leave, should consist primarily in the implementation of those of its provisions which extend the existing parental leave rights of employees or introduce new rights. In essential part, this it is possible by amending certain provisions of the Labour Code Act.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS; 2021, 2(70); 184-190
1896-9852
2082-064X
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Informacja na temat legislacji dotyczącej systemu cyberbezpieczeństwa w wybranych państwach Unii Europejskiej (Belgia, Czechy, Estonia, Francja, Holandia, Niemcy, Szwecja)
Legislation on the cybersecurity system in selected EU Member States (Belgium, Czech Republic, Estonia, France, Netherlands, Germany, Sweden)
Autorzy:
Adamiec, Danuta
Branna, Justyna
Dziewulak, Dobromir
Firlej, Natalia
Groszkowska, Kamila
Karkowska, Marta
Żołądek, Łukasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2196842.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Kancelaria Sejmu. Biuro Analiz Sejmowych
Tematy:
security
digitalisation
internet
European Union
Opis:
The study presents information on the legislation on the cybersecurity system in selected European Union countries. The discussed laws in force in individual countries implement the NIS Directive concerning measures for a high common level of security of network and information systems across the Union. The NIS Directive specifies the institutions that should be established in all Member States; it regulates cooperation at the European level and imposes obligations in the field of network and information systems security, including the duty to adopt a national strategy on the security of network and information systems.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS; 2021, 3(71); 280-314
1896-9852
2082-064X
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Opinia prawna na temat zgodności poselskiego projektu ustawy o zmianie ustawy o podatku akcyzowym z prawem Unii Europejskiej
Legal opinion on compliance of the bill to amend the Excise Tax Act (the representative of the sponsors. Deputy to the Sejm Wojciech Saługa) with the European Union law (BAS‑WAPEiM‑3175/12)
Autorzy:
Mirek, Ireneusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/11542712.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Kancelaria Sejmu. Biuro Analiz Sejmowych
Tematy:
energy
taxation
bill
European Union
Opis:
The author provides an analysis of the proposed amendment as to its consistency with Council Directive 2003/96/EC of 27 October 2003restructuring the Community framework for the taxation of energy products and electricity. He emphasizes consistency of the proposal with interpetative guidelines contained in the preamble to the Directive and with the provisions on due date of tax payment. He also proposes to extend the provisions concerning taxation of coal products (following the example of taxation of electricity) to include regulations about an entity representing the seller of coal products originating in another EU member state (this would – in conformity with the Directive – allow the the producer, trader, importer or fiscal representative to substitute the distributor for the fiscal obligations imposed upon it). The author emphasizes and accepts the inclusion in the proposed bill of the possibility to apply tax exemptions to coal products, as provided for in the Directive. He concludes that the proposed amendment is compatible with EU law.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS; 2014, 1(41); 207-223
1896-9852
2082-064X
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Opinia na temat wniosku w sprawie dyrektywy Parlamentu Europejskiego i Rady zmieniającej dyrektywę Parlamentu Europejskiego i Rady 2012/34/UE z 21 listopada 2012 r. w sprawie utworzenia jednolitego europejskiego obszaru kolejowego w odniesieniu do otwarcia rynku krajowych kolejowych przewozów pasażerskich oraz zarządzania infrastrukturą kolejową
Legal and factual opinion on the Proposal for a Directive of the European Parlia‑ ment and of the Council amending Directive 2012/34/EU of the European Parlia‑ ment and of the Council of 21 November 2012 establishing a single European rail‑ way area, as regards the opening of the market for domestic passenger transport services by rail and the governance of the railway infrastructure (COM(2013) 29 final)
Autorzy:
Pieriegud, Jana
Pawłowski, Bartosz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/12243921.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Kancelaria Sejmu. Biuro Analiz Sejmowych
Tematy:
passenger transport
railways
European Union
Opis:
The proposal introduces the institutional separation of the infrastructure manager from transport operations. The authors contest the universal model of railways and suggest an increased level of funding for railway infrastructure. They question the compliance of the proposed directive with the principle of subsidiarity and opt for the achievement of its objectives by other actions taken at national level. The authors agree that the adoption of the proposal would lead to a far‑reaching interference in the organization and management of the railways, and that its results may differ from country to country. They are critical to the proposed directive and conclude that its adoption may require amendments to several pieces of legislation, the standards it introduces are premature, and can have unpredictable legal and socio‑economic consequences.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS; 2013, 3(39); 93-104
1896-9852
2082-064X
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Opinia w sprawie wniosku dotyczącego rozporządzenia Parlamentu Europejskiego i Rady ustanawiającego ramy w zakresie dostępu do rynku usług portowych oraz przejrzystości finansowej portów
Opinion on the Proposal for a Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council establishing a framework on market access to port services and finan‑ cial transparency of ports (COM(2013) 296 final)
Autorzy:
Berkowska, Elżbieta
Olejniczak, Dorota
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/12250271.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Kancelaria Sejmu. Biuro Analiz Sejmowych
Tematy:
subsidiarity
ports
transport
European Union
Opis:
The authors, following an analysis of compliance of the proposal with the principle of subsidiarity, conclude that the proposed regulation does not allow for “better” fulfilment of its declared aim (to contribute to the goal of a more efficient, interconnected and sustainable functioning of the trans‑European transport network) rather than by legislating at national level. The proposal infringes the subsidiarity principle. The European Commission has not sufficiently justified the need for the proposed action. Improvement of the quality of port services and modernisation of port facilities in order to increase efficiency of operation of TEN‑T ports as well as their greater financial transparency aimed at attracting investments, can be achieved by the Member States without need for intervention from the EU.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS; 2013, 3(39); 132-141
1896-9852
2082-064X
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Rola środków Unii Europejskiej w realizacji ekologicznych zobowiązań zawartych w Traktacie Akcesyjnym
The Role of European Union Funds in the Implementation of Environmental Obligations Specified in the Accession Treaty
Autorzy:
Berbeka, Krzysztof
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/575640.pdf
Data publikacji:
2006-08-31
Wydawca:
Szkoła Główna Handlowa w Warszawie. Kolegium Analiz Ekonomicznych
Tematy:
assistance
funds
European Union
ecology
Opis:
The author attempts to define the role of European Union funds in the implementation of the EU’s acquis communautaire. He identifies the weaknesses of the existing strategic programs dealing with these issues. The research method involved an attempt to balance the predicted needs and available capital with the use of a special computer model that enables a multi-variant analysis of available funds and their variable distribution over time. The research project presented by the author consisted of the following stages: identifying investment needs linked with the implementation of the environmental acquis; preparing a forecast for available domestic and foreign sources, along with a schedule for granting assistance; comparing the needs and available resources; defining the role of EU assistance in financing specific projects; and preparing relevant recommendations. The analysis points to a few threats to the feasibility of individual objectives mentioned in the Accession Treaty, chiefly those specified for 2010. In all variants of the model, resources available under operational programs for regional development and earmarked for environmental protection are a key supplement to the Cohesion Fund. The main conclusion of the research is the need to coordinate efforts at the central and regional levels (with independent provincial programs), along with the need to maintain the planned targets of investment in environmental protection. Poor coordination and failure to move EU funds to other priorities pose a real threat to meeting the Accession Treaty obligations.
Źródło:
Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics; 2006, 209, 7-8; 27-46
2300-5238
Pojawia się w:
Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Turkey and the European Union: the Saga of the 50 Years-Long Accession Negotiations
Autorzy:
Alptekin, Ayfer
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/531263.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016-03-15
Wydawca:
Fundacja Instytut Nauki o Polityce
Tematy:
Turkey
EU
Negotiations
European Union
Opis:
The EU-Turkey relations date back to 1960s when the European project started. With the Ankara Agreement of 12 September 1963, Turkey became an Associate member of the European Economic Community which was then an economic organisation from which today’s EU emerged. The EU’s December 1997 sidelining of Turkey’s application for full membership turned the direction on 3 October 2005 and Turkey begin its accession negotiations with the EU. Since then there is still ongoing debate based on cultural, economic and political assessment whether Turkey will fit to be a member of the EU. From the perspective of the institutional norms of Copenhangen criteria, the EU could possibly embrace all countries, regardless of culture, religion and historical background. The EU’s uncompleted institutional structure gives rise some spatial, temporal and thematic scopes which introduce some new accession criteria such as European state, European identity, absorption capacity, open-ended process and approval of the member states which will make more complicated Turkey’s full membership bid to the EU. Despite Turkey’s institutional reforms which bring the country that much closer towards fulfilling the Copenhagen criteria and its dynacmic economy which makes Turkey as the second country that fits the Maastricht criteria in Europe, European politicians and citizens remain deeply divided on Turkey’s accession bid to the EU as a full member. As a consequence, the alternative accession proposals which depreciate the full membership of Turkey are argued by the EU’s core members. The purpose of this article is to answer the vague accession criteria, the different accession proposals towards Turkey and explain the new bargaining position of Turkey for its accession bid to the EU. The exclusion of Turkey from the EU’s enlargement process will be evaluated by different theoretical approaches which constitute the interplay of the liberal intergovernmentalism, historical institutionalism and path dependency process, rationalist approaches and sociological institutionalism.
Źródło:
Polish Journal of Political Science; 2016, 2, 1; 19-62
2391-3991
Pojawia się w:
Polish Journal of Political Science
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The European Union’s Relations with Greenland
Autorzy:
Tomala, Magdalena
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/648406.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
Greenland
European Union
international relations
Opis:
Greenland has a special relationship with the European Union due to its link with the Kingdom of Denmark – Greenland’s mother country. As a result, Greenland shares some parts of the EU’s internal market via association agreements. Greenland, has become a meeting place of American, European and Asian interests in the Arctic. It is therefore essential that the EU doesn’t lose the North and keeps strengthening its relationship with Greenland. After having focused its attention on the East and the South, it is high time that the European Union looks further North, notably through a more ambitious Arctic Window in its Northern sphere of influence.
Źródło:
International Studies. Interdisciplinary Political and Cultural Journal; 2017, 20, 1; 31-46
1641-4233
2300-8695
Pojawia się w:
International Studies. Interdisciplinary Political and Cultural Journal
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Partnerstwo strategiczne UE - Chiny: doświadczenia, nowe otwarcie
EU–China strategic partnership: experiences and the new beginning
Autorzy:
Krukowska, Monika
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/630017.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Szkoła Główna Handlowa w Warszawie
Tematy:
European Union, China, partnership, cooperation
Opis:
Challenges that the EU had to face at the beginning of the 21st century have induced revision of its foreign policy. Unprecedented economic development, as well as political opening of China have created an attractive political and economic partner, desired by European states. From the very beginning the cooperation between the EU and China has been based on the economic field. Nowadays, thanks to demographic and economic potentials of both partners bilateral trade turnover equals to a third of global trade and is worth 1 billion euro a day. On initial economic platform of cooperation partners now develop a comprehensive political and social partnership. Despite ideological and political differences, as well as sometimes contradictory economic interests, strategic partnership is very likely to be continued.
Źródło:
Kwartalnik Kolegium Ekonomiczno-Społecznego Studia i Prace; 2015, 4; 29-51
2082-0976
Pojawia się w:
Kwartalnik Kolegium Ekonomiczno-Społecznego Studia i Prace
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł

Ta witryna wykorzystuje pliki cookies do przechowywania informacji na Twoim komputerze. Pliki cookies stosujemy w celu świadczenia usług na najwyższym poziomie, w tym w sposób dostosowany do indywidualnych potrzeb. Korzystanie z witryny bez zmiany ustawień dotyczących cookies oznacza, że będą one zamieszczane w Twoim komputerze. W każdym momencie możesz dokonać zmiany ustawień dotyczących cookies