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Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 38
Tytuł:
Sposób obliczania zapotrzebowania finansowego gmin w Niemczech
Autorzy:
Kowalik, Paweł
Kuźmiński, Łukasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/951126.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu
Tematy:
Germany
municipalities
financial equalization system
financial need
Opis:
National systems of local government fiscal equalization are composed of many elements. They are based mainly on income criteria. Financial needs of individuals are compared with the financial capacity of other entities. One element of the equalization system is the financial need of municipalities. This article aims to examine the method of calculation of fiscal capacity of the German municipalities.
Źródło:
Financial Sciences. Nauki o Finansach; 2013, 1 (14); 59-72
2080-5993
2449-9811
Pojawia się w:
Financial Sciences. Nauki o Finansach
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The economics of disability and the discourse of eliminating inequalities and providing equal opportunities
Autorzy:
WLAZŁO, MARCIN
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/938541.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-06-15
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
economics of disability
inequalities
equalization of opportunities
Opis:
Disability results in certain economic consequences, which are analysed mainly because of the generation of cost. The economic situation of people with disabilities and their families is usually associated with negative effects of neoliberalism, or causing and strengthening social inequality and excluding people unattractive on the market. In this context, the relationship between technological progress, economic growth and diagnostic and therapeutic services are also analysed. The article presents various aspects of the economic discourse focused on disability. The analysis is based on examples that consolidate the traditional image of disability as a factor affecting low economic status, through a description of the market of services and goods for people with disabilities, to examples of economic success achieved by people with disabilities.
Źródło:
Interdyscyplinarne Konteksty Pedagogiki Specjalnej; 2019, 25; 33-53
2300-391X
Pojawia się w:
Interdyscyplinarne Konteksty Pedagogiki Specjalnej
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ensuring equal regional employment conditions as a mechanism to overcome the problems of employment of IDPs
Autorzy:
Semenenko, Viktoriia
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1199331.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018-02-20
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Gdański. Instytut Geografii
Tematy:
equalization
internally displaced persons
stable employment
unemployment
Ukraine
Opis:
The scale of interregional inequality of employment conditions for internally displaced persons (IDP), in particular, according to the basic indicators of the block «Decent work» of the index of regional human development is determined. The manifestations of the irregularity of placement of internally displaced persons in the regional cut are analyzed. This problem complicates the implementation of the employment policy concerning IDP’s needs. The experience of solving the IDP’s problems connected with their irregular placement, their employment, the balancing of the labor market on the basis of equalization of the dynamic equilibrium of interregional conditions of access to stable employment is generalized. The recommendations for the equalization of interregional conditions of IDP’s employment, which are necessary for deepening of the social dialogue in the field of labor relations, are substantiated.
Źródło:
Journal of Geography, Politics and Society; 2018, 8, 1; 44-48
2084-0497
2451-2249
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Geography, Politics and Society
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Stochastic generalized transportation problem with discrete distribution of demand
Autorzy:
Anholcer, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/406546.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
Tematy:
stochastic generalized transportation problem
stochastic programming
equalization method
Opis:
The generalized transportation problem (GTP) allows us to model situations where the amount of goods leaving the supply points is not equal to the amount delivered to the destinations (this is the case, e.g. when fragile or perishable goods are transported or complaints may occur). A model of GTP with random, discretely distributed, demand has been presented. Each problem of this type can be transformed either into the form of a convex programming problem with a piecewise linear objective function, or a mixed integer LP problem. The method of solution presented uses ideas applied in the method of stepwise analysis of variables and in the equalization method.
Źródło:
Operations Research and Decisions; 2013, 23, 4; 9-19
2081-8858
2391-6060
Pojawia się w:
Operations Research and Decisions
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Channel Identification Using Chaos for an Uplink/Downlink Multicarrier Code Division Multiple Access System
Autorzy:
Frikel, M.
Safi, S.
Targui, B.
M'Saad, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/308067.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Instytut Łączności - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
Tematy:
channel identification
chaos code
equalization
MC-CDMA system
Opis:
A scheme of chaotic spreading sequence for multicarrier code division multiple access system (MC-CDMA) iproposed to estimate the transmission channel. This systespreads spectrum and identifies the channel, simultaneously. The proposed scheme uses a chaotic sequence generated by a logistic map as a training signal and estimate channel parameters according to dynamics of the chaotic sequence. Encoding data by chaotic sequences is first built and then the orthogonal codes are used to spread the encrypted data for multiusers scheme. At the reception, first the channel parameters are identified using a training chaotic sequence in order to equalize the received data, and then the encrypted information is decoded for the desired user. The studies reveal that the proposed system (chaos plus orthogonal codes) significantly outperforms the Walsh-Hadamard code spreading in MC-CDMA system. The performance of the system is considered in the multiuser case by means of simulation. The simulation result shows that the proposed chaotic code spreading approach for channel identification achieves significant improvement in the channel identification, comparing to using others training sequence or the least square method.
Źródło:
Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology; 2010, 1; 48-54
1509-4553
1899-8852
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Loudness Assessment of Musical Tones Equalized in A-weighted Level
Autorzy:
Klonari, D.
Pastiadis, K.
Papadelis, G.
Papanikolaou, G.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/177354.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
loudness perception
A-weighted level equalization
wind instrument sounds
Opis:
The present study was carried out to determine whether recorded musical tones played at various pitches on a clarinet, a flute, an oboe, and a trumpet are perceived as being equal in loudness when presented to listeners at the same A-weighted level. This psychophysical investigation showed systematic effects of both instrument type and pitch that could be related to spectral properties of the sounds under consideration. Level adjustments that were needed to equalize loudness well exceeded typical values of JNDs for signal level, thus confirming the insufficiency of A-weighting as a loudness predictor for musical sounds. Consequently, the use of elaborate computational prediction is stressed, in view of the necessity for thorough investigation of factors affecting the perception of loudness of musical sounds.
Źródło:
Archives of Acoustics; 2011, 36, 2; 239-250
0137-5075
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Acoustics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Maximizing power output of a partially shaded total-cross-tied photovoltaic array
Autorzy:
Shah, N. S.
Patel, H. H.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/136262.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
EEEIC International Barbara Leonowicz Szabłowska
Tematy:
current compensation
voltage equalization
MPPT
partial shading
TCT configuration
Opis:
Non-uniform conditions on the modules of the PV array, especially, partial shading reduces the output of the PV array to a large extent. The shaded module in a string limits the current of the entire string and hence, the output power of the string. The output power under such conditions is reported to be higher for total-cross-tied (TCT) configuration. This paper describes two different approaches, one based on current compensation (current equalization) and another based on voltage equalization, to extract higher power from the partially shaded total-cross-tied photovoltaic array. The TCT configuration is considered to minimize the number of converters, sensors, cost and complexity involved. The additional converters in the two distinct approaches evaluated here operate only when the partial shading occurs and are controlled to minimize the current and voltage miss-matches. The analysis and the control algorithm are presented. Simulation results obtained in MATLAB/Simulink are included to demonstrate the effectiveness of both methods and the relative merits and demerits of these approaches are highlighted.
Źródło:
Transactions on Environment and Electrical Engineering; 2017, 2, 1; 10-18
2450-5730
Pojawia się w:
Transactions on Environment and Electrical Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Federalny system wyrównania finansowego w okresie stabilizacji finansów publicznych w Niemczech
Autorzy:
Kowalik, Paweł
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/951120.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu
Tematy:
vertical fiscal imbalance
federal financial equalization
horizontal fiscal imbalance
Opis:
Federal system of public finance is extremely complicated. Financial inequalities which are found are eliminated by the national and federal systems of financial equalization. The article attempts to approximate and characterize German federal system of financial compensation for the period 2005-2012. The article presents the legal basis for this compensation and method of tax distribution, it determines the amount of compensation and supplementary allowances and shows how financial compensation for the period 2005-2012 was conducted.
Źródło:
Financial Sciences. Nauki o Finansach; 2013, 1 (14); 43-58
2080-5993
2449-9811
Pojawia się w:
Financial Sciences. Nauki o Finansach
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Algorithm for the stochastic generalized transportation problem
Autorzy:
Anholcer, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/406627.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
Tematy:
generalized transportation problem
stochastic programming
convex programming
equalization method
Opis:
The equalization method for the stochastic generalized transportation problem has been presented. The algorithm allows us to find the optimal solution to the problem of minimizing the expected total cost in the generalized transportation problem with random demand. After a short introduction and literature review, the algorithm is presented. It is a version of the method proposed by the author for the nonlinear generalized transportation problem. It is shown that this version of the method generates a sequence of solutions convergent to the KKT point. This guarantees the global optimality of the obtained solution, as the expected cost functions are convex and twice differentiable. The computational experiments performed for test problems of reasonable size show that the method is fast.
Źródło:
Operations Research and Decisions; 2012, 22, 4; 9-20
2081-8858
2391-6060
Pojawia się w:
Operations Research and Decisions
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Blind Estimation of Linear and Nonlinear Sparse Channels
Autorzy:
Georgoulakis, K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/307846.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Instytut Łączności - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
Tematy:
blind estimation and equalization
clustering techniques
sparse zero pad channels
Opis:
This paper presents a Clustering Based Blind Channel Estimator for a special case of sparse channels - the zero pad channels. The proposed algorithm uses an unsupervised clustering technique for the estimation of data clusters. Clusters labelling is performed by a Hidden Markov Model of the observation sequence appropriately modified to exploit channel sparsity. The algorithm achieves a substantial complexity reduction compared to the fully evaluated technique. The proposed algorithm is used in conjunction with a Parallel Trellis Viterbi Algorithm for data detection and simulation results show that the overall scheme exhibits the reduced complexity benefits without performance reduction.
Źródło:
Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology; 2013, 1; 65-71
1509-4553
1899-8852
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Does system of local government subsidisation fulfil revenue equalisation function? Evidence from Poland
Autorzy:
Sekuła, Alicja
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/18797245.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Instytut Badań Gospodarczych
Tematy:
general grants
revenue equalization
own revenues
revenue equalisation function
Polska
Opis:
Research background: General grants in the system of local government finance should pursue five different functions. One of them is revenue equalization. This function is achieved if the revenue gap is reduced after the application of the subsidising mechanism. In addition, to be completed, the size of the support should be inversely proportional to own revenues. Purpose of the article: The aim of the article is to analyse the fulfilment of the revenue equalization function by general grants. Therefore, beside the theoretical analysis, which presents the general grants structure and the functions assigned to them, the article discusses the results of studies showing changes in the revenue gap after the application of the grant mechanism and the correlation between per capita own revenue and the amount of funds from selected parts (equalisation, balancing-regional, reserve, compensating) of the general grant. The following tentative research hypothesis was adopted: general grants fail to fulfil the revenue equalisation function. Methods: Two research methods were applied to achieve the aim of the article and verify the research hypothesis: descriptive statistics and correlation ? calculating the Pearson correlation coefficient. Findings & Value added: Based on the analyses, it was concluded that, once the corrective and equalising mechanism was applied, the range between the extreme per capita revenue values was reduced by 40?50% on average, at all local government levels, i.e. at commune (including cities with county right), county and province levels, in each year from the period analysed, i.e. 2012?2016. The correlation between the sizes of revenue before and after budget subsidising is always negative, whereas the strength of the relationship ranged between low and significant, depending on the local government level. It was found that general grants do fulfil the revenue equalisation function, which contradicts the initially formulated research hypothesis.
Źródło:
Oeconomia Copernicana; 2017, 8, 4; 523-535
2083-1277
Pojawia się w:
Oeconomia Copernicana
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Power equalization of AES FPGA implementation
Autorzy:
Strachacki, M.
Szczepański, S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/199907.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
AES
FPGA
cryptography
side channel attack
DPA
power analysis
power equalization
Opis:
This paper briefly introduces side channel attacks on cryptographic hardware with special emphasis on differential power analysis (DPA). Based on existing countermeasures against DPA, design method combining power equalization for synchronous and combinatorial circuits has been proposed. AES algorithm has been implemented in Xilinx Spartan II-E field programmable gate array (FPGA) device using the standard and power-equalized methods. Power traces for DPA have been collected using XPower tool. Simulation results show that standard AES implementation can be broken after N=500 encryptions, while power-equalized counterpart shows no correlation between power consumption and the cipher key after N=2000 encryptions.
Źródło:
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences; 2010, 58, 1; 125-128
0239-7528
Pojawia się w:
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Historia federalizmu fiskalnego w Niemczech od kongresu wiedeńskiego w 1815 r. do zjednoczenia Niemiec w 1990 r.
History of Fiscal Federalism in Germany from the Congress of Vienna in 1815 to the Reunification of Germany in 1990
Autorzy:
Nowakowska, Monika
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/782658.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego
Tematy:
German public finances, German federalism, fiscal federalism, fiscal equalization in
Germany
Opis:
In federal systems, the accumulation, division, distribution, and administration of public finances can be covered by a collective notion of fiscal federalism. These financial relations are particularly interesting not only because by enabling funding of public tasks they are in fact a pillar of the state, but also because they are a kind of litmus test for changing social, economic, and political conditions. What is more, they perfectly reflect the model of federalism adopted in a country. Based on this, the author conducts an analysis of the development of financial relations in Germany and of its causes. She shows the „maturing” process of the German federation and adjusting its federal financial system to the new needs and goals of the state. A starting point for reflections is the establishment of a confederation of German states — German Confederacy at the Congress of Vienna in 1815. This article examines the most formative stages of federal fiscal relations starting from the strong federalism of the Second Reich and large dependence of central authority through the financial centralization of the Weimar Republic and complete liquidation of the federation during the Third Reich and continuing to the model of cooperative fiscal federalism introduced after World War II until the reunification of Germany in 1990.
Źródło:
Z Dziejów Prawa; 2018, 11, 2; 149-165
1898-6986
2353-9879
Pojawia się w:
Z Dziejów Prawa
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
An Efficient ANN Interference Cancelation for High Order Modulation over Rayleigh Fading Channel
Autorzy:
Bouguerra, F.
Saidi, L.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/308382.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Instytut Łączności - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
Tematy:
adaptive filter
channel equalization
M-QAM
MLP
RBF
symbol decision making
Opis:
High order modulation (HOM) presents a key challenge in increasing spectrum efficiency in 4G and upcoming 5G communication systems. In this paper, two non-linear adaptive equalizer techniques based on multilayer perceptron (MLP) and radial basis function (RBF) are designed and applied on HOM to optimize its performance despite its high sensitivity to noise and channel distortions. The artificial neural network’s (ANN) adaptive equalizer architectures and learning methods are simplified to avoid more complexity and to ensure greater speed in symbol decision making. They will be compared with the following popular adaptive filters: least mean square (LMS) and recursive least squares (RLS), in terms of bit error rate (BER) and minimum square error (MSE) with 16, 64, 128, 256, 512 and 1024 quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM). By that, this work will show the advantage that the MLP equalizer has, in most cases, over RBF and traditional linear equalizers.
Źródło:
Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology; 2018, 4; 75-80
1509-4553
1899-8852
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Performance Evaluation of MC-CDMA Systems with Single User Detection Technique using Kernel and Linear Adaptive Method
Autorzy:
Fateh, Rachid
Darif, Anouar
Safi, Said
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2058482.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Instytut Łączności - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
Tematy:
BRAN channels
equalization
kernel method
MC-CDMA
reproducing kernel Hilbert space
Opis:
Among all the techniques combining multi-carrier modulation and spread spectrum, the multi-carrier code division multiple access (MC-CDMA) system is by far the most widely studied. In this paper, we present the performance of the MC-CDMA system associated with key single-user detection techniques. We are interested in problems related to identification and equalization of mobile radio channels, using the kernel method in Hilbert space with a reproducing kernel, and a linear adaptive algorithm, for MC-CDMA systems. In this context, we tested the efficiency of these algorithms, considering practical frequency selective fading channels, called broadband radio access network (BRAN), standardized for MC-CDMA systems. As far as the equalization problem encountered after channel identification is concerned, we use the orthogonality restoration combination (ORC) and the minimum mean square error (MMSE) equalizer techniques to correct the distortion of the channel. Simulation results demonstrate that the kernel algorithm is efficient for practical channel.
Źródło:
Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology; 2021, 4; 1--11
1509-4553
1899-8852
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 38

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