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Tytuł:
Analysis of exhaust emission processes during the Real Driving Emissions test
Autorzy:
Andrych-Zalewska, Monika
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/27311805.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czasopisma i Monografie PAN
Tematy:
RDE test
exhaust emission
combustion engine
operating states
test RDE
emisja spalin
silnik spalinowy
badanie silnika
Opis:
The article deals with the study of exhaust emissions from a combustion engine in the Real Driving Emission (RDE) test. These tests are a simulation of real conditions of use of motor vehicles. Nowadays, RDE tests are mandatory for Light Duty Vehicle (LDV) and Heavy Duty Vehicle (HDV) vehicles and in the future, restrictive standard. Euro 7, which combines stricter limits with a comprehensive RDE test cycle, is becoming a challenge for current vehicle engineering. The paper presents the results of pollutant emission tests from a passenger car (PC). In the tests of LDV in the RDE test, the results of which are analyzed in the article, the Portable Emissions Measurement System (PEMS) mobile exhaust emission testing system was used. The processes describing the operating states of the vehicle and the combustion engine, as well as the processes of exhaust emission intensity and the intensity of the number of particulate (PN), were examined. The correlation between the considered processes was investigated. The emission of carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides, particulate and carbon dioxide as well as the road PN were examined. The zero-dimensional statistical characteristics of the examined processes were also determined. The probability density and power spectral density of the processes were established. A great diversity was found in the properties of the process distributions, as well as in the dynamic properties of the processes. In the summary of the analysis of the results of the car speed process, the operating states of the combustion engine and the processes of exhaust emission intensity and the process of the intensity of PN in the RDE test, conclusions were formulated regarding, among others, course of the intensity of these compounds, correlation of the processes of pollution emission intensity and the intensity of the PN with the process of car speed, distribution of processes.
Źródło:
Archives of Transport; 2023, 66, 2; 123--148
0866-9546
2300-8830
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Transport
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Analysis of the combustion engine exhaust system structure in aspect of shaping acoustic energy
Autorzy:
Gągorowski, Andrzej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/24202459.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe Silników Spalinowych
Tematy:
acoustic energy
transmission loss
exhaust system
combustion engine
energia akustyczna
izolacyjność akustyczna
układ wydechowy
silnik spalinowy
Opis:
The flow of exhaust gases is the source of many physical processes, including thermal, acoustic, mechanical and chemical phenomena with high dynamics of changes. The study analyzes the impact of the entire structure of the exhaust system on the formation of acoustic energy, determining the transmission loss characteristics of its individual components and the entire system. On the example of a structure based on a proprietary solution of an adjustable reactive muffler, the possibilities of shaping the flow of acoustic waves in the process of designing and selecting exhaust systems for internal combustion engines were determined. The study was carried out with the use of the CFD method and a specialized package for advanced simulations AVL AST.
Źródło:
Combustion Engines; 2023, 62, 2; 112--116
2300-9896
2658-1442
Pojawia się w:
Combustion Engines
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Combustion of LPG/DME gas mixtures in an SI engine with correction of the ignition advance angle
Autorzy:
Kubica, Grzegorz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/24202449.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe Silników Spalinowych
Tematy:
LPG/DME
fuel blend
combustion
SI engine
mieszanka paliwowa
spalanie
silnik ZI
Opis:
The paper presents the results of tests on a SI engine fueled with an LPG/DME blends of various composition. A number of experimental studies and calculations using a mathematical model were carried out to examine the suitability of this fuel. These tests allowed for the analysis of the changes taking place in the combustion process and the assessment of the main operating parameters of the engine. The engine was powered by an LPG/DME fuel mixture with different proportions of components. The share of DME ranged from 0% to 30% of the fuel mass. The obtained results reflect the operation of the engine in the full load range and selected rotational speeds. Measurement series were made for different settings of the ignition advance angle. Based on the obtained results, a corrected map of the ignition advance angle was developed. The obtained results confirm the usefulness of using the LPG/DME mixture to power the SI engine.
Źródło:
Combustion Engines; 2023, 62, 3; 147--152
2300-9896
2658-1442
Pojawia się w:
Combustion Engines
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Considerations for starting combustion engines with AC machines
Autorzy:
Monroy, Mauricio
Romero, Carlos A.
Henao, Edison
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2174476.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Polskie Towarzystwo Diagnostyki Technicznej PAN
Tematy:
internal combustion engine
starter motor
AC machine
torque requirements
ISG
supercapacitor
silnik spalinowy
rozrusznik
maszyna prądu przemiennego
superkondensator
Opis:
To initiate its combustion cycles, internal combustion engines require a minimum rotational speed that can be given from several sources (muscular, electrical, pneumatic, among others). Advantages of initiating an ICE with an AC electrical machine is that it can integrate starter motor and generator in one device, provide a linear ramp of acceleration when starting, and assist the ICE in torque production. This article illustrates considerations for the design of a starting system with an AC electrical machine. Initially, criteria of torque, rotational speed and power requirements are analysed, considering resistances of compression, friction, and inertia of the slider-crank mechanism, as well as accessories, with a preliminary experimental validation. Also, types of three-phase AC electrical machines are put to comparison, as well as their associated electronic components needed for driving them in each case, concluding that AC induction machines require a complex 4-quadrant inverter. PM synchronous machines require a simpler inverter, but with highly specified power electronics components. The classical wound rotor machine requires the simplest inverter, with unidirectional power flow, less power transfer losses and less critical power electronics components. Finally, considerations for using of a battery assisted with supercapacitor as complementary DC power source are made.
Źródło:
Diagnostyka; 2023, 24, 1; art. no. 2023102
1641-6414
2449-5220
Pojawia się w:
Diagnostyka
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Determination of exhaust emission characteristics in the RDE test using the Monte Carlo method
Autorzy:
Andrych-Zalewska, Monika
Chłopek, Zdzisław
Merkisz, Jerzy
Pielecha, Jacek
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/27311798.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czasopisma i Monografie PAN
Tematy:
Monte Carlo method
RDE test
combustion engine
pollutant emission
metoda Monte Carlo
RDE
silnik spalinowy
emisja zanieczyszczeń
Opis:
The article presents a method of determining the characteristics of exhaust emissions and fuel mass consumption in real driving conditions based on a single test using the Monte Carlo method. The exhaust emission characteristics used are the relations between the emissions and the average vehicle speed, and the characteristic of the fuel mass consumption is the dependence of the fuel mass consumption at the average vehicle speed. The results of empirical research of a passenger car with a spark-ignition engine in the RDE test were used. The use of the Monte Carlo method made it possible to select the initial and final moments of averaging the process values, thanks to which it was possible to determine the discrete values of the characteristics for various values of average vehicle speeds. The determined discrete characteristics of the particulate mass and number emissions and fuel mass consumption relative to the average vehicle speed were approximated by polynomial functions of the second and third degree. The determined discrete characteristics, presented as sets of points, were characterized by a relatively small dispersion in relation to their polynomial approximations. The average relative deviation of the points of discrete characteristics from the value of the polynomial was in most cases small – less than 4%, only in the case of the number of particles emitted deviated from this, as the average relative deviation of the measured points from the determined polynomial was nearly 14%. Combined with the results of RDE empirical studies, the Monte Carlo method proved to be an effective method for determining the characteristics of exhaust emissions, measured in real vehicle operating conditions. The main advantage of the proposed method was a significant reduction in the actual workload necessary to carry out the empirical research – where it became possible to determine the characteristics in a large range of vehicle average speed values with just one drive test. Using standard methods of measuring this type of data, it would be necessary to conduct multiple tests, driving at different average vehicle speeds.
Źródło:
Archives of Transport; 2023, 66, 2; 45--60
0866-9546
2300-8830
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Transport
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Digital Twin test-bench Performance for marine diesel engine applications
Autorzy:
Minchev, Dmytro
Varbanets, Roman
Shumylo, Oleksandr
Zalozh, Vitalii
Aleksandrovska, Nadiia
Bratchenko, Pavlo
Truong, Thanh Hai
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/34604685.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Politechnika Gdańska. Wydział Inżynierii Mechanicznej i Okrętownictwa
Tematy:
digital twin
combustion model
marine diesel engine
diagnostics
Opis:
The application of Digital Twins is a promising solution for enhancing the efficiency of marine power plant operation, particularly their important components – marine internal combustion engines (ICE). This work presents the concept of applying a Performance Digital Twin for monitoring the technical condition and diagnosing malfunctions of marine ICE, along with its implementation on an experimental test-bench, based on a marine diesel-generator. The main principles of implementing this concept involve data transmission technologies, from the sensors installed on the engine to a server. The Digital Twin, also operating on the server, is used to automatically process the acquired experimental data, accumulate statistics, determine the current technical state of the engine, identify possible malfunctions, and make decisions regarding changes in operating programs. The core element of the Digital Twin is a mathematical model of the marine diesel engine’s operating cycle. In its development, significant attention was devoted to refining the fuel combustion model, as the combustion processes significantly impact both the engine’s fuel efficiency and the level of toxic emissions of exhaust gases. The enhanced model differs from the base model, by considering the variable value of the average droplets’ diameter during fuel injection. This influence on fuel vapourisation, combustion, and the formation of toxic components is substantial, as shown. Using the example of calibrating the model to the test results of a diesel engine under 27 operating modes, it is demonstrated that the application of the improved combustion model allows better adjustment of the Digital Twin to experimental data, thus achieving a more accurate correspondence to a real engine.
Źródło:
Polish Maritime Research; 2023, 4; 81-91
1233-2585
Pojawia się w:
Polish Maritime Research
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Empirical study of the effect of the air filter on the performance and exhaust emissions of a diesel engine
Autorzy:
Dziubak, Tadeusz
Karczewski, Mirosław
Dziobek, Ilona
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/24202461.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe Silników Spalinowych
Tematy:
internal combustion engine
air filter pressure drop
engine power
specific fuel consumption
exhaust emissions
silnik spalinowy
spadek ciśnienia w filtrze powietrza
moc silnika
jednostkowe zużycie paliwa
emisja spalin
Opis:
The results of an experimental study of the effect of the pressure drop of the air filter pf on the operating parameters and exhaust emissions of a modern CI internal combustion engine of a truck equipped with an electronically controlled power system are presented. The tests were carried out for an air filter with a clean filter cartridge Δpf0 = 0.58 kPa and with a cartridge contaminated after a service mileage (about 50 thousand km) ΔpfD = 2.024 kPa. In each test, engine performance, exhaust emissions and relative change in emissions were determined: CO, NOx, HC, CO2, H2O. It was found that an increase in the filter resistance pf causes a decrease in the filling degree by 12%, engine useful power by almost 10%, exhaust gas temperature by a maximum of 30oC and an increase in specific fuel consumption by almost 5%. Air filter resistance has no significant effect on NOx emissions and HC concentration. There is a reduction in H2O emissions by up to 7%, CO by up to 13% and CO2 by up to 4%, and an increase in oxygen emissions by 15%, depending on operating conditions.
Źródło:
Combustion Engines; 2023, 62, 2; 94--111
2300-9896
2658-1442
Pojawia się w:
Combustion Engines
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Experimental study of fuel combustion and emission characteristics of marine diesel engines using advanced fuels
Autorzy:
Changxiong, Li
Hu, Yihuai
Yang, Zy
Guo, Hao
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/34615637.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Politechnika Gdańska. Wydział Inżynierii Mechanicznej i Okrętownictwa
Tematy:
marine diesel engine
PODE
combustion characteristics
emission performance
Opis:
In order to explore the potential application of oxygenated fuels, polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers (PODE), as an alternative fuel for marine diesel engines, the fuel combustion performance and gas emission characteristics of pure diesel oil, diesel-blended PODE, and pure PODE were tested on a marine diesel engine under different running conditions. The experimental results indicate that oxygen consumption can be reduced by diesel-blended PODE and pure PODE. The in-cylinder pressure and exothermic curve were consistent with the trend of diesel oil. Also, the ignition delay of diesel-blended PODE and pure PODE decreased, and the diffusion rate was accelerated, which helped to improve the combustion performance of diesel engines. Diesel blended PODE and pure PODE reduced the particulate matter (PM) emissions by up to 56.9% and 86.8%, respectively, and CO emissions by up to 51.1% and 56.3%, respectively. NOx emissions were gradually decreased with engine load. CO2 emissions were slightly increased, and the effective fuel consumption was increased up to 48% and 132%, respectively. It was shown that PODE could provide comparable power in a marine diesel engine and improve the fuel combustion and gas emission of the engine as a clean alternative fuel for marine diesel engines.
Źródło:
Polish Maritime Research; 2023, 3; 48-58
1233-2585
Pojawia się w:
Polish Maritime Research
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
High quality multi-zone and 3d CFD model of combustion in marine diesel engine cylinder
Autorzy:
Cuper-Przybylska, Dominika
Nguyen, Van Nhanh
Cao, Dao Nam
Kowalski, Jerzy
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/32921247.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Politechnika Gdańska. Wydział Inżynierii Mechanicznej i Okrętownictwa
Tematy:
CFD combustion model
large 4-stroke engine
diesel engine
emission
NOx concentration
Opis:
The paper presents a 3D model of the processes taking place in the cylinder of a large 4-stroke marine engine. The model is based on CFD calculations performed on the moving mesh. The modelling range includes the full duty cycle (720° crankshaft position) and the complete geometry of the cylinder with inlet and exhaust ducts. The input data, boundary conditions and validation data were obtained by direct measurements on the real object. Fuel injection characteristics were obtained by Mie scattering measurements in a fixed-volume chamber. The modelling results have been validated in terms of the pressure characteristics of the engine’s cylinder within the entire range of its loads. The mean error did not exceed 1.42% for the maximum combustion pressure and 1.13% for the MIP (Mean Indicated Pressure). The model was also positively validated in terms of the O2 and NOx content of the exhaust gas. The mean error in this case was 1.2% for NOx fractions in the exhaust gas and 0.4% for O2 fractions. The complete model data has been made available in the research data repository on an open access basis.
Źródło:
Polish Maritime Research; 2023, 2; 61-67
1233-2585
Pojawia się w:
Polish Maritime Research
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Investigation of exhaust emissions from the gasoline engine of a light duty vehicle in the Real Driving Emissions test
Autorzy:
Andrych-Zalewska, Monika
Chlopek, Zdzislaw
Pielecha, Jacek
Merkisz, Jerzy
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/24200821.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Polskie Naukowo-Techniczne Towarzystwo Eksploatacyjne PAN
Tematy:
internal combustion engine
pollutant emission
RDE test
Monte Carlo method
Opis:
The article contains the research results and analysis of the processes that take place as part of a gasoline engine light duty vehicle Real Driving Emissions test. Dimensionless characteristics of exhaust emission and fuel mass consumption in the RDE test were also determined: emission intensity, particle number emission intensity, fuel mass consumption intensity. An algorithm for determining the characteristics specific distance pollutant emission, specific distance particle number and specific distance fuel mass consumption in the vehicle speed domain in the RDE test was presented using the Monte Carlo method. The determined characteristics were approximated by polynomial functions in the form of sets of points. These relationships were characterized by a large dispersion of values, which was primarily due to the fact that the random values of the averaging limits contain very different engine operating conditions.
Źródło:
Eksploatacja i Niezawodność; 2023, 25, 2; art. no. 165880
1507-2711
Pojawia się w:
Eksploatacja i Niezawodność
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Investigation of the efficiency of a dual-fuel gas turbine combustion chamber with a plasma‒chemical element
Autorzy:
Serbin, Serhiy
Diasamidze, Badri
Dzida, Marek
Chen, Daifen
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/32921246.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Politechnika Gdańska. Wydział Inżynierii Mechanicznej i Okrętownictwa
Tematy:
gas turbine engine
power plant
dual-fuel combustion
combustion chamber
liquid fuel
gaseous fuel
plasma-assisted combustion
Opis:
The study is devoted to the possibility of increasing the efficiency of the working process in dual-fuel combustion chambers of gas turbine engines for FPSO vessels. For the first time, it is proposed to use the advantages of plasma‒chemical intensification of the combustion of hydrocarbon fuels in the dual-fuel combustion chambers, which can simultaneously operate on gaseous and liquid fuels. A design scheme of a combustion chamber with a plasma‒chemical element is proposed. A continuous type mathematical model of a combustion chamber with a plasma‒chemical element has been developed, which is based on the solution of a system of differential equations describing the processes of chemical reactions in a turbulent system, taking into consideration the initiating effect of the products of plasma‒chemical reactions on the processes of flame propagation. A modified six-stage kinetic scheme of hydrocarbon oxidation was used to simultaneously predict the combustion characteristics of the gaseous and liquid fuels, taking into account the decrease in the activation energy of carbon monoxide oxidation reactions when the products of the plasma‒chemical element are added. The results reveal that the addition of plasma‒chemical products significantly reduces CO emissions in the outlet section of the flame tube (from 25‒28 ppm to 3.9‒4.6 ppm), while the emission of nitrogen oxides remains practically unchanged for the studied combustion chamber. Further research directions are proposed to enhance the working process efficiency of a dual-fuel combustion chamber for gas turbine engines as part of the power plant of FSPO vessels.
Źródło:
Polish Maritime Research; 2023, 2; 68-75
1233-2585
Pojawia się w:
Polish Maritime Research
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Numerical investigation on the effects of fueling the Turbulent Jet Ignition gas engine with methane and hydrogen
Autorzy:
Pielecha, Ireneusz
Szwajca, Filip
Skobiej, Kinga
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/32103224.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023-11-30
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Poznański Instytut Technologiczny
Tematy:
hydrogen engine
engine simulation
hydrogen combustion
methane combustion
combustion indicator
turbulent jet ignition engine
Opis:
The modern solution of two-stage combustion, namely the Turbulent Jet Ignition (TJI), enables the combustion of ultra-lean mixtures. Thanks to this solution, it became possible to reduce fuel consumption and, at the same time, to increase the combustion process indicators (including the overall combustion system efficiency). The article presents the results of numerical tests of a heavy-duty engine equipped with the TJI system running on gas fuels. The AVL BOOST software was used to analyze the effects of different fuel injection rates into the pre-chamber and various ignition timing angles, while maintaining a constant global excess air ratio. Increasing the proportion of hydrogen in the prechamber resulted in its reduction in the main chamber (the fuel dose was kept constant with different excess air coefficients in each of the chambers). The maximum combustion pressure values in both chambers were investigated. Changes in the amount of heat released and its release rate were determined. As a result of the simulations, different ignition and combustion conditions were presented for the tested fuels. Based on this, maps of fuel dose to prechamber vs. ignition advance angle were drawn up, showing selected thermodynamic indicators of the combustion process.
Źródło:
Rail Vehicles/Pojazdy Szynowe; 2023, 1-2; 46-57
0138-0370
2719-9630
Pojawia się w:
Rail Vehicles/Pojazdy Szynowe
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Numerical optimization of the BAT-CELL Bio-Ambient-Tests method for engine exhausts toxicity evaluation
Autorzy:
Kęska, Aleksandra
Janicka, Anna
Zawiślak, Maciej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/24202411.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe Silników Spalinowych
Tematy:
internal combustion engine
Euro norms
new method
in vitro tests
silnik o spalaniu wewnętrznym
normy europejskie
nowa metoda
badania in vitro
Opis:
The BAT-CELL Bio-Ambient-Tests method is based on the assessment of the influence of the actual toxicity of various types of gas mixtures on living cells, taking into account the additive synergism. Work has been carried out on the application of the BAT-CELL method for testing engine exhaust gases. The application of computational fluid mechanics using Ansys Fluent made it possible to analyse the flow of engine exhaust gases through the aspiration system used, including analysis of shear stress values and their uniformity distribution on the bottom wall of the sampler containing cell culture on the bottom wall of the sampler. The appropriate flow rate of exhaust gases through the aspiration system and the shape of aspiration tubing for the sampler were selected in order to enable uniform contact of gas particles with the cell surface and not to damage them mechanically. The simulation results were verified in real-life tests and confirmed the theoretical assumptions.
Źródło:
Combustion Engines; 2023, 62, 1; 19--25
2300-9896
2658-1442
Pojawia się w:
Combustion Engines
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Outline of history and comparative analysis of internal combustion engines for flying models
Autorzy:
Pełczyński, Jakub
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/24202452.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe Silników Spalinowych
Tematy:
internal combustion engines
model engine
history of model engines
comparative
flying models
silniki spalinowe
silnik modelarski
historia silników modelarskich
porównanie
modele latające
Opis:
The article discusses the most important facts from the history of the development of miniature aircraft engines and carries out their comparative analysis. Already in the 1930s, the structural system characteristic of model engines was established, which has hardly changed to this day. The following sections compare the various types of engines: two-stroke and four-stroke engines, spark-ignition engines, glow plug engines, engines with a push-pull cylinder arrangement, radial and in-line engines. The comparisons of the parameters and operational indicators of such engines presented in the tables allowed for the assessment of the advantages and disadvantages of individual engines, making several observations and drawing some more general conclusions.
Źródło:
Combustion Engines; 2023, 62, 2; 36--44
2300-9896
2658-1442
Pojawia się w:
Combustion Engines
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Quantumness in diagnostics of marine internal combustion engines and other ship power plant machines
Autorzy:
Girtler, Jerzy
Rudnicki, Jacek
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/34602291.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Politechnika Gdańska. Wydział Inżynierii Mechanicznej i Okrętownictwa
Tematy:
diagnostics
stochastic proces
internal combustion engine
random variable
Opis:
The article provides proof that the diagnostics of marine internal combustion engines and other ship power plant machines should take into account the randomness and unpredictability of certain events, such as wear, damage, the variations of mechanical and thermal loads, etc., which take place during machine operation. In the article, the energy $ E $, like the other forms (methods) that it can be converted into (heat and work), is considered the random variable $ E_t $; at time $t$, this variable has the mean value $ \overline{E}_t $, which is the observed value of the statistic $ \overline{E}_{st} $ with an asymptotically normal distribution $ N ( E(E_t), \frac{ \sigma_t }{ \sqrt{n} } ) $, irrespective of the functional form of the random variable $E_t$. A proof is given that shows that the expected value estimated in the above way, considering the time t of the performance of task Z by a marine internal combustion engine or other ship power plant machine, can be used to determine the machine’s possible action (DM). When compared to the required action (DW) needed for task Z to be performed, this possible action makes it possible to formulate an operating diagnosis concerning whether the engine or machine of concern is able to perform task Z. It is assumed that an energy device of this type is able to perform a given task when the inequality DM≥DW holds. Otherwise, when DM < DW, the device cannot perform the task for which it was adopted in the design and manufacturing phase, which means that it is in the incapability state, although it still can be started and convert energy into the form of heat or work.
Źródło:
Polish Maritime Research; 2023, 4; 110-119
1233-2585
Pojawia się w:
Polish Maritime Research
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
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