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    Wyświetlanie 1-11 z 11
    Tytuł:
    Extrusion pretreatment of maize straw - case study for a Polish biogas plants
    Autorzy:
    Kozłowski, K.
    Lewicki, A.
    Czekała, W.
    Wójtowicz, A.
    Kupryaniuk, K.
    Dróżdż, D.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2082645.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Agrofizyki PAN
    Tematy:
    maize straw
    extrusion
    methane fermentation
    biogas
    energetic potential
    Opis:
    One of the most commonly used substrates in biogas plants is maize silage, however, the application of monofermentation technology under Polish economic conditions has a tendency to rapidly bankrupt the investor. The lack of profitability of investments based on this material has encouraged investors to search for other, more economically favourable biomass sources i.e. maize straw. The aim of the research was to compare the energetic potential of untreated maize straw and extruded maize straw used for biogas production and furthermore, to determine the amount of electricity and heat generated as well as the amount of heat produced from direct combustion. The results obtained confirmed the substantial energy potential of maize straw. It has been proven that using the extrusion method as a pretreatment before the fermentation process, enables the producer to increase biogas and methane production respectively by 7.50 and 8.51%. However, the use of an extruder machine in biogas plants in Poland is economically unjustified due to its high energy consumption. Moreover, it has been shown, that the use of maize straw in the methane fermentation process enables it to generate (in Poland) a higher income than is the case of using this material in a direct combustion process.
    Źródło:
    International Agrophysics; 2019, 33, 4; 527-535
    0236-8722
    Pojawia się w:
    International Agrophysics
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Wooden biomass potential from apple orchards in Poland
    Autorzy:
    Dyjakon, A.
    den Boer, J.
    Bukowski, P.
    Adamczyk, F.
    Frackowiak, P.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/52861.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Technologii Drewna
    Tematy:
    woody biomass
    pruning
    biomass potential
    energetic potential
    apple orchard
    Polska
    Źródło:
    Drewno. Prace Naukowe. Doniesienia. Komunikaty; 2016, 59, 198
    1644-3985
    Pojawia się w:
    Drewno. Prace Naukowe. Doniesienia. Komunikaty
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Potencjał energetyczny zdeponowanych mułów węglowych
    Energetic potential of coal slurries
    Autorzy:
    Lutyński, A.
    Baic, I.
    Lutyński, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/283585.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2012
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Gospodarki Surowcami Mineralnymi i Energią PAN
    Tematy:
    potencjał energetyczny
    depozyty mułów węglowych
    energetic potential
    coal slurry deposits
    Opis:
    W artykule przedstawiono wyniki analizy potencjału energetycznego depozytów mułów węglowych. Wyniki zaprezentowanej analizy dotyczą stanu surowego tych mu?ów oraz produktów, które uzyskano w wyniku ich wzbogacania różnymi metodami. Mu?y węglowe wzbogacano w hydrocyklonie zagęszczająco-klasyfikującym, klasyfikatorze odśrodkowym, wzbogacalniku zwojowym Reicherta i metodą flotacji. Oceniono zarówno potencjał energetyczny mułów po ich wzbogaceniu, jak i straty potencjału energetycznego, które ponoszone są w wyniku wzbogacania. Najkorzystniejsze rezultaty uzyskano w przypadku metody flotacji. Średnio strata potencja?u energetycznego wyniosła w tym przypadku 15% i wahała w granicach od 3 do 31% dla poszczególnych osadników. Średnio wartość opałowa uzyskanego produktu wyniosła 25 057 kJ/kg i była najwyższą spośród uzyskanych we wszystkich analizowanych metodach. Najwyższe straty potencjału energetycznego mułów węglowych zanotowano w przypadku wzbogacania w klasyfikatorze odśrodkowym z wstępnym odmuleniem wzbogacanego materiału. Strata potencja?u energetycznego wyniosła w tym przypadku średnio 68% i wahała się dla poszczególnych osadników od 13% do nawet 98%. Średnio wartość opałowa uzyskanego produktu wyniosła 22 864 kJ/kg. Wyniki te są podobne do osiąganych przy wzbogacaniu mułów w spiralach Reicherta z wstępnym odmulaniem materiału. Średnia strata potencjału energetycznego mułów wzbogacanych w spiralach Reicherta wyniosła 64%, a wartość opałowa produktu wzbogacania 22 678 kJ/kg.
    This paper presents the results of an energetic potential analysis of coal slurries deposited in impoundments. Results shown are on an “as received” basis and for concentrates after beneficiation. Coal slurries were beneficiated using the following techniques: hydrocyclone classifier-separator, centrifugal separator, Reichert spiral separator LD4, and flotation. An assessment of energetic potential was made for concentrate, whereas losses of energetic potential due to beneficiation were estimated. Performed tests showed that the most effective method was flotation, where the loss of energetic potential was, on average, 15% and varied from 3 to 31% depending on the impoundment. The average value for the obtained concentrate was 25,057 kJ/kg, being the highest among all of the methods. The highest losses of energetic potential of coal slurries were observed in the case of the centrifugal separator with sludge removal of feed. The loss of energetic potential was on average 68% and varied depending on the impoundment from 13% to as much as 98%. Average calorific value was 22,864 kJ/kg. The results are similar to those obtained with the use of the Reichert spiral with initial sludge removal from the feed. The average loss of energetic potential of coal slurries beneficiated in Reichert spirals was 64%, and the calorific value 22,678 kJ/kg. The lowest calorific values of concentrate were obtained from the hydrocyclone classifier-separator. Despite a significant loss of energetic potential of coal slurries, which was on average 44% and ranged from 12 % to 97%, the calorific value of the product was 16,950 kJ/kg and did not increase significantly in relation to the calorific value of raw coal slurry, which was 16,427 kJ/kg. Results obtained from this research showed that it is possible to beneficiate coal slurries deposited at old impoundments. Nevertheless, they revealed that a high loss of energetic potential should be taken into account when applying certain technology.
    Źródło:
    Polityka Energetyczna; 2012, 15, 3; 259-271
    1429-6675
    Pojawia się w:
    Polityka Energetyczna
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Text rhythmic system: Its energetic and subliminal potentials
    Autorzy:
    Kalyta, Alla
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1040195.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016-12-30
    Wydawca:
    Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II
    Tematy:
    rhythm
    tempo-rhythm
    energetic potential
    mechanism of generation
    subliminal influence
    Opis:
    The article introduces scientific considerations concerning the energetic nature and origin of rhythm subliminal potential in a spoken text as well as the mechanisms of its impact on the recipient. The paper advances the idea that rhythm energetics and its subliminal potential is based on such postulates: (1) rhythm is generated in the speaker’s psyche at the levels of his/her unconscious (or existential being) and subconscious (or mental and transcendental beings) spheres; (2) the text rhythmic system has a definite emotional and pragmatic potentials that realize a latent manipulative and subliminal influence; (3) generation of the spoken text tempo-rhythm is carried out by means of integrating micro-rhythms of all levels of the speaker’s inner speech into the internal macro-rhythm, which is materialized in the form of an outer tempo-rhythm as a complex means of achieving a subliminal effect of speech. The article also outlines the prospects of studying a subliminal nature of rhythm.
    Źródło:
    Linguistics Beyond and Within; 2016, 2; 97-110
    2450-5188
    Pojawia się w:
    Linguistics Beyond and Within
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Assessment of energetic potential of biomass
    Ocena potencjału energetycznego biomasy
    Autorzy:
    Tańczuk, M.
    Ulbrich, R.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/127263.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2009
    Wydawca:
    Towarzystwo Chemii i Inżynierii Ekologicznej
    Tematy:
    green biomass
    energetic potential
    assessment of potential
    biomasa zielona
    potencjał energetyczny
    szacowanie potencjału
    algorytm
    zapotrzebowanie na ciepło
    Opis:
    In the paper the authors present the algorithm of the evaluation of energetic potential of green biomass and animal wastes for specific geographical area. Main assumptions of the algorithm have been presented as well as interrelations between different kinds of potentials. On the basis of statistical agricultural data about area of particular tillages, wastelands, forests and the number of hogs the energetic potential of biomass has been computed for the exemplary rural district of Opole province. For the chosen kinds of green biomass and animal waste theoretical and technical potentials of energy has been found on the assumption that energy conversion takes places during process of firing biofuels in order to produce heat. Technical biomass potential has been shown with reference to heat demand of the rural district.
    Przedstawiono algorytm szacowania potencjału energetycznego biomasy pochodzenia roślinnego i zwierzęcego dla określonego obszaru geograficznego. Zaprezentowano zależności pomiędzy różnymi rodzajami potencjałów oraz koncepcję algorytmu szacowania. Na podstawie przyjętych informacji o areale poszczególnych upraw, nieużytków, obszarów leśnych oraz liczbie trzody chlewnej dokonano obliczeń wartości potencjału energetycznego dla jednej z gmin województwa opolskiego. Dla wybranych rodzajów biomasy zielonej i pochodzenia zwierzęcego wyznaczono potencjał teoretyczny i techniczny energii możliwej do uzyskania w wyniku jej odpowiedniego przetworzenia do nośnika energii w postaci ciepła. Wartość potencjału technicznego dla poszczególnych rodzajów biomasy odniesiono do całkowitego zapotrzebowania na ciepło grzewcze analizowanej gminy.
    Źródło:
    Proceedings of ECOpole; 2009, 3, 1; 23-26
    1898-617X
    2084-4557
    Pojawia się w:
    Proceedings of ECOpole
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Potencjał energetyczny drewna pochodzącego z lasów i terenów leśnych
    Energetic potential of the timber from forests and afforested terrains until the year 2008
    Autorzy:
    Janicki, M.
    Janicka, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/239661.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2010
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Technologiczno-Przyrodniczy
    Tematy:
    potencjał energetyczny
    lasy państwowe
    zasoby drewna
    strumień drewna opałowego
    energetic potential
    state forests
    timber resources
    fuel timber stream
    Opis:
    Artykuł stanowi syntetyczny zbiór informacji w zakresie gospodarki leśnej, prowadzonej na terenie Polski do 2008 r. Opisano zasoby drzewne oraz pozyskanie drewna w podziale na sortyment. Określono charakterystykę realizowanych zadań z uwzględnieniem aspektów ekonomicznych i technicznych. Z ilości drewna wykorzystywanego gospodarczo wyodrębniono ilość drewna przeznaczonego na opał oraz obliczono jego potencjał energetyczny, obliczono również strumień potencjału energetycznego drewna opałowego w latach 2000-2008.
    Paper presented a synthetic review of data concerning the forest management on territory of Poland until the year 2008. Timber resources were described as well as the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the timber supplies was presented. The implemented actions and realized tasks were characterized taking into account their economic and technical aspects. From the total available timber supplies, the amount of fuel-timber was separated and its energetic potential was calculated. Energetic potential stream in the fuel-timber supplied within years 2000-2008 was also estimated.
    Źródło:
    Problemy Inżynierii Rolniczej; 2010, R. 18, nr 4, 4; 49-57
    1231-0093
    Pojawia się w:
    Problemy Inżynierii Rolniczej
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Quantum Nature of Vehicle Motion
    Autorzy:
    Pluta, Z.
    Hryniewicz, T.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/411906.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN
    Tematy:
    vehicle
    Motion
    potential field
    Space-time
    kinetics
    time constant
    Energetic bridge
    Static potential field
    Kinematic potential field
    Length of potential field
    Opis:
    The paper presents a new adequate look on the character of motion of any material body, such as moving vehicle. It has been proved, that motion of material bodies has a quantum character. Due to this their consecutive energetic states are obtained by a jump. The phenomenon of quantum in the reference to vehicle kinetics has been derived by indicating its place on the background of characteristics of whole mechanics. The length of vehicle way in particular phases of its motion is that source characteristics the derivatives of which form the development of motion description of a material solid/body. It has been indicated that the quantum nature of body motion does not depend on its magnitude. Thus, as has been noticed, there is an analogy between the macro-body motion and electron motion which change its energy also by jump, by getting from one orbit (energetic level) to another.
    Źródło:
    International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy; 2013, 8, 1; 37-48
    2299-3843
    Pojawia się w:
    International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Charge Density Distribution, Electrostatic Properties and Sensitivity of the Highly Energetic Molecule 2,4,6-Trinitro-1,3,5-triazine: A Theoretical Study
    Autorzy:
    Srinivasan, P.
    Maheshwari, K.
    Jothi, M.
    Kumaradhas, P.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358320.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2012
    Wydawca:
    Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
    Tematy:
    energetic molecule
    electron density
    Laplacian of electron density
    electrostatic potential
    impact sensitivity
    Opis:
    Ab initio and density functional theory (DFT) calculations were carried out on the energetic propellant molecule 2,4,6-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (TNTA) to understand its bond topology and its energetic properties using the theory of atoms in molecules (AIM). The DFT method predicts that the electron density ρ bcp (r) at the bond critical points of ring C-N bonds is ∼ 2.34 e Å -3 and the corresponding Laplacian ∇ 2 ρ bcp(r) is ∼ -24.4 e Å -5 ; whereas these values are found to be very small in the -NO2 group attached to C-N bonds [ρ bcp(r): ∼ 1.73 e Å -3 and Δ 2 ρ bcp (r): ∼ -14.5 e Å -5 ]. The negative Laplacian values of C-NO 2 bonds are significantly lower which indicates that the charges of these bonds are highly depleted. The C-NO2 bonds exhibit low bond order (∼ 0.8), as well as low (∼ 56.4 kcal/mol) bond dissociation energy. As we reported in our earlier studies, we found high bond charge depletion for these bonds, which are considered the weakest bonds in the molecule. The frontier orbital energies exhibit a wide band gap, which is larger than those of existing molecules TATB, TNT and TNB. The impact sensitivity (H 50 %) (4.2 m) and oxygen balance (2.77%) were calculated and compared with related structures. Large negative electrostatic potential regions were found near the nitro groups where reaction is expected to occur. The relation between charge depletion ∇ 2 ρ bcp(r) and the electrostatic potential at the bond midpoints V mid reveals the sensitive areas of the molecule.
    Źródło:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2012, 9, 1; 59-76
    1733-7178
    Pojawia się w:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Crystal Structure Prediction and Charge Density Distribution of Highly Energetic Dimethylnitraminotetrazole: a First Step for the Design of High Energy Density Materials
    Autorzy:
    Arputharaj, D. S.
    Srinivasan, P.
    Asthana, S. N.
    Pawar, R. B.
    Kumaradhas, P.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358205.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2012
    Wydawca:
    Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
    Tematy:
    energetic materials
    crystal structure prediction
    charge density analysis
    atoms in molecules
    electrostatic potential
    Opis:
    The crystal structure of dimethylnitraminotetrazole has been predicted, based on systematically searching for densely packed structures within common organic crystal coordination types, followed by lattice energy minimization. The predicted crystal structures almost match the reported crystal structure determined by X-ray diffraction analysis. To understand the effect of the initial molecular geometry on the crystal packing, the crystal structure simulation was carried out for molecules taken from different environments, such as the X-ray structure (crystal field) and also from ab initiocalculations (gas phase). The predicted crystal structures from both environments are very similar to the reported X-ray structure with a maximum deviation of 4.5%. The crystal density predicted from both methods is close to that reported. The bond topological, energetic and electrostatic properties of the isolated molecule from the predicted crystal structure have been determined using Bader's theory of atoms in molecules. The bond topological characterization reveals that the C-N bond is the weakest bond in the molecule. A large electronegative potential is found in the vicinity of the NO2group and the nitrogen-rich region of the tetrazole ring; these are probably the reactive sites of this molecule.
    Źródło:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2012, 9, 3; 201-217
    1733-7178
    Pojawia się w:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    On the Groundless Use of Mathematics Concerning the d’Alembert’s Rule
    Autorzy:
    Pluta, Z.
    Hryniewicz, T.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/412567.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN
    Tematy:
    d'Alembert's rule
    Fictional inertia force
    identity
    space-time
    time constant
    potential field
    Atwood device
    Co-existence state
    Energetic state
    dynamics
    Opis:
    The paper discusses the groundless use of mathematics. This question has been explained mainly based on example of the so called d`Alembert’s rule which unfortunately still functions in science none the less it has been based on a fiction, contrary to the truth cognition as the fundamental purpose of science. That pejorative feature of the mentioned paradigm is marked very clearly in the paper to evaluate it negatively as the only one possible note. Next the adequate characteristics of variable body motion has been presented and the description of Atwood device given in view of explaining the essence of a real equilibrium of the system of material bodies where their real inertia is of importance. In conclusion the characteristics of real inertia force being the measure of this inertia is presented. The erroneous up-to-date view concerning the measure of body inertia, assuming mass as the measure of this magnitude enabling free manipulation of the acceleration value, has been revealed. At the end it is stressed that acceleration is always positive in its nature and is existent in each condition of the material reality.
    Źródło:
    International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy; 2013, 7, 2; 85-101
    2299-3843
    Pojawia się w:
    International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Thermodynamic Characteristics of Solid
    Autorzy:
    Pluta, Z.
    Hryniewicz, T.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/411946.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN
    Tematy:
    thermodynamic characteristics
    interstate space
    hermodynamics
    solid
    potential field
    specific proper heat energy
    specific gained heat energy
    energetic band
    heat work
    source characteristics of entropy growth
    entropy constant
    Opis:
    The paper is to present the developed thermodynamic characteristics of a solid. The existent description of dependence of temperature on the proper entropy (thermal capacitance) was used as the beginning point of the considerations. A critical evaluation of the picture of that dependence was a consecutive link of the considerations. Furthermore, an adequate description of the discussed heat phenomenon, taking into account the detailed characteristics of the entropy growth characteristics, has been presented. This characteristics indicates a clear quantum character of the studied reality, reflected by the potentials, proper and gained, respectively. These magnitudes are the measures of the proper and gained specific energies of this thermodynamic factor. The dependence of temperature on the specific energy has been described to formulate a formula on the heat work. At the end the dependence between the specific heat and the entropy constant is derived. In conclusion, a quantum nature of macroscopic reality has been noticed together with the definition of the heat energy notion. The necessity of noticing the description of any other reality in this scale has been indicated.
    Źródło:
    International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy; 2013, 2; 60-71
    2299-3843
    Pojawia się w:
    International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-11 z 11

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