Informacja

Drogi użytkowniku, aplikacja do prawidłowego działania wymaga obsługi JavaScript. Proszę włącz obsługę JavaScript w Twojej przeglądarce.

English (EN)·Polski (PL)·Yкраїнський (UK)
Przejdź do strony domowej biblioteki Centralna Biblioteka Wojskowa Link otwiera się w nowym oknie Logo biblioteki Prolib Integro - strona głównaCentralna Biblioteka Wojskowa

Wyszukujesz frazę "early age education" wg kryterium: Temat

  Lista filtrów
Wyrównaj
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 27
Tytuł:
WYKORZYSTANIE NOWYCH MEDIÓW PRZEZ DZIECI W WIEKU WCZESNOSZKOLNYM
USING THE NEW MEDIA BY CHILDREN IN THE EARLY EDUCATION AGE
Autorzy:
ANNA, GRABOWSKA
MARIOLA, WOJCIECHOWSKA
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/460746.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Państwowa Wyższa Szkoła Zawodowa w Chełmie
Tematy:
media
child
early education age
family
media education
Opis:
This article presents results of a research regarding using the new media by children in their early stage of education. A particular attention has been paid on influencing of home environment factors for the range of using the new media by children as well as individual variables. It has been determined a connection between the child’s gender, his/her achievements, place, parents’ education, family structure, family’s material standing and the range of using the new media by the children. The article presents also, based on the literature about the topic, the researchers’ opinions on a family role in the media education of the child. The paper ends with constatations resulting from the research as well as proposals to involve in work with children.
Źródło:
Scientific Bulletin of Chełm - Section of Pedagogy; 2019, 1; 39-54
2084-6770
Pojawia się w:
Scientific Bulletin of Chełm - Section of Pedagogy
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Art Therapy as an Educational Intervention Focused on Social Relations of Children at a Younger School Age
Arteterapia jako interwencja wychowawcza ukierunkowana na relacje społeczne dzieci w młodszym wieku szkolnym
Autorzy:
Szczelina-Szczotka, Agnieszka
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/646340.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Libron
Tematy:
art therapy
peer relations
educational innovations
stimulation of the emotional and social development
early age education
terapia sztuką
relacje rówieśnicze
nowe rozwiązania wychowawcze
edukacja elementarna
Opis:
Dzieci w młodszym wieku szkolnym przechodzą okres wzmożonego nabywania kompetencji emocjonalno-społecznych, a także zawiązywania pierwszych relacji interpersonalnych. Ważne jest, by proces ten przebiegał harmonijnie i był właściwie stymulowany. W dobie współczesnych zagrożeń jest to wyzwanie dla pedagogów, które zmusza do poszukiwania nowych, atrakcyjnych, a zarazem prostych dla dzieci metod oddziaływania wychowawczego – by mało inwazyjnie, dyskretnie i subtelnie wpływać na młodego człowieka oraz jego motywacje w obszarze umiejętności emocjonalno-społecznych z zakresu relacji rówieśniczych. Niniejszy tekst jest opisem badań nad wykorzystaniem metod arteterapeutycznych w pracy z dziećmi w młodszym wieku szkolnym w obszarze relacji rówieśniczych. Autorka stara się dowieść, że arteterapia może stać się odpowiedzią na współczesne wyzwania wychowawcze i wpływać na relacje rówieśnicze dzieci w młodszym wieku szkolnym.
At their first stage of education, children face the intensified process of acquiring emotional and social competence, as well as developing interpersonal relations. It is of crucial value to make this process go smoothly and be well stimulated. In this era of modern threats, this process poses a challenge for teachers, forcing them to seek innovational and attractive educational methods which will enable them to have a gentle impact on the personal motivation of a young learner in his or her emotional and social abilities of interpersonal peer relations. This text is a description of research in the area of the use of art therapy in early learner education in the scope of their interpersonal relations. The author tries to demonstrate that art therapy can become a major key in resolving educational obstacles and can have a positive impact on interpersonal relations of children in their early education.
Źródło:
Konteksty Pedagogiczne; 2019, 1, 12
2300-6471
Pojawia się w:
Konteksty Pedagogiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Nauczycielski obraz młodszego ucznia na progu czwartej klasy
A teacher’s picture of a younger student on the 4th grade
Autorzy:
Kupiec, Monika
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/549597.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Kardynała Stefana Wyszyńskiego w Warszawie
Tematy:
obraz ucznia; edukacja wczesnoszkolna; edukacja przedmiotowa; młodszy wiek; model deficytów
student image; early school education; subject education; younger age; deficit model
Opis:
This article presents the results of phenomenographic research, the subject of which are expectations teachers of Polish have towards younger student starting the second stage of education (grades 4-8). The aim of the study was to establish the image of the student adopted by the respondents, which is part of their individual teaching theories.This image translates into teaching practice that can condition the functioning of fourth grade students who started their education at the age of six. The presented research results indicate that the image of a 4th grade student - regardless of their age - is made up of deficiencies that will be supplemented by teachers. The research results also reveal that lowering the 4th grade age increases the tendency of perceiving the student through the prism of his imperfections.
W artykule zaprezentowano wyniki badań fenomenograficznych, których przedmiotem są oczekiwania polonistów wobec ucznia w młodszym wieku, rozpoczynającego edukację w systemie przedmiotowym. Celem badania było dotarcie do przyjętego przez respondentki obrazu ucznia, będącego elementem ich indywidualnych teorii nauczycielskich, przekładającym się na praktykę nauczycielską, warunkującą adaptację czwartoklasistów, którzy w wieku sześciu lat rozpoczęli naukę w szkole.Przedstawione wyniki badań wskazują na to, że na obraz ucznia klasy czwartej – bez względu na wiek – składają się jego braki, których uzupełnianie będzie zadaniem nauczycieli. Wyniki badań ujawniają również, żeobniżenie wieku czwartoklasisty wzmaga tendencję usilnego postrzegania ucznia przez pryzmat jego niedoskonałości.
Źródło:
Forum Pedagogiczne; 2020, 10, 1
2083-6325
Pojawia się w:
Forum Pedagogiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wykorzystanie zabawy uczniów na szczeblu edukacji wczesnoszkolnej szansą na ich zrównoważony rozwój
The use of students’ playing at the early age education level as a chance for their sustainable development
Autorzy:
Kowol, Małgorzata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1181448.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Państwowa Wyższa Szkoła Zawodowa w Raciborzu
Tematy:
play in education
ludic activity
playing in early school education
playing at early school age
Opis:
Playing is a fundamental factor in every child’s development. Through playing and movement, the youngest learn to discover and explore the world. It has many values, thanks to which children develop, and it seems that it`s use at an early education level is needed. An integrated teaching paradigm assumes that student gets to know the surrounding environment by using various forms of activity. Therefore, when supporting a child's educational activity, it’s worth considering for a moment the richness of playing activities choices that one can offer to the youngest. Teacher’s constructive and positive attitude towards the use of playing in education, using different forms of entertainment, creates an opportunity to support a child's development, by meeting it`s social needs and helping to get to know the reality.
Źródło:
Eunomia – Rozwój Zrównoważony – Sustainable Development; 2020, 2(99); 103-109
1897-2349
2657-5760
Pojawia się w:
Eunomia – Rozwój Zrównoważony – Sustainable Development
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A CONTRIBUTION TO MUSIC EDUCATIONAL WORK WITH CHILDREN OF AN EARLY SCHOOL AGE
Autorzy:
Jiřičková, Jiřina
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/566415.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Akademia Pomorska w Słupsku
Tematy:
music education
early school age
piano
model situations
rhyme
Opis:
This article discusses the role of piano as a didactic aid in early education. The piano is a great aid to motivate, sparks creativity, and effectively engages children in the learning proces. A case study conducted by the author proposes different techniques of integrating the piano in the context of music lessons. The study contains a variety of musical activities and proposes specific teaching instructions to work with rhymes.
Źródło:
Ars inter Culturas; 2013, 2; 139-145
2083-1226
Pojawia się w:
Ars inter Culturas
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Bajka terapeutyczna jako medium edukacyjne: wzorce społeczne, kulturowe i językowe
Therapeutic story as an educational medium: social, cultural and language patterns
Autorzy:
Forma, Paulina
Bełtkiewicz, Dorota
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1387888.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018-12-31
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Gdański. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Gdańskiego
Tematy:
media pedagogy
media education
multimedia
preschool age
early school age
fairy-tale therapy
therapeutic story
Opis:
The idea of education with the use of educational media is not new, however contemporary teaching and upbringing require innovative forms in order to engage the recipients and raise the effectiveness of the process. A novel tool of influencing a child of a pre- and early school age is a therapeutic story, often being presented in a multimedia form. It is a carrier of social, cultural and language patterns. The child, through the identification with the main character, assumes the models of behaviour as well as adopts an active, creative and rational attitude towards difficult situations which may happen or happened. The mechanism of the identification of the recipient with the protagonist is stimulated by interaction, which is supported by the multimedia form. Tasks and games which are incorporated in the plot give the child the feeling of being in charge and the sense of success. Announcements made by the protagonist (inquiries, praise) strengthen the bond between the child and the fairy-tale character. Psychoeducational tales are used for prevention purposes, while psychotherapeutic and relaxation ones are implemented in therapy for the regeneration of human reserves.
Źródło:
Problemy Wczesnej Edukacji; 2018, 43, 4; 127-136
1734-1582
2451-2230
Pojawia się w:
Problemy Wczesnej Edukacji
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Innowacyjny model „Nauka – Sztuka – Edukacja” w praktyce wczesnoszkolnego kształcenia plastycznego
Innovative model “Science – Art – Education” in the practice of early school art education
Autorzy:
Gabzdyl, Jolanta
Aksman, Joanna
Kasáčová, Lenka
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/527534.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Krakowska Akademia im. Andrzeja Frycza Modrzewskiego
Tematy:
innovations
early childhood education
plastically gifted children
model and methodics of work in early school age
Opis:
In the article the authors discuss the practical implementation of the model work with a plastically gifted child “Science – Art – Education”, founded at the end of 2013. As a result of implementation of the international research project. The resulting model, from the theoretical point of view, has been described in the scientific monograph edited by J. Aksman: Science – Art – Education. Innovative model of diagnosis, methods and forms of work and care for plastically gifted children. This model shows the importance of science in early school education through art, based on the innovative combination of art education and health education of children in grades 1–3 of primary school. The consequence of this combination is the intention of the authors of the project to shape life skills of the mentioned children. Theoretically reasoned innovative model Science – Art – Education (SAE) was extremely important but the initial stage of the work. Another one, which has now been adopted and which is described in the article – is associated with a wider than before application of this innovative model – with an attempt of its implementation in everyday practice of art lessons with pupils in early school age. This task involves a further, currently implemented on a research project The effectiveness of the model of work with a plastically gifted child “Science – Art – Education” in the three-year cycle of lessons (WPiNH/DS/5/2015) directed by J. Aksman. The attempts to further applications of the Innovative Model into daily teaching practice and forms of its popularization are very important and they are described in this article: – the creation by J. Aksman and J. Gabzdyl and publishing by Oficyna Wydawnicza AFM (Publishing House AFM) methodological studies in early school age and materials for students as well as teachers who have been currently participating in the model SAE under the guidance of J. Aksman in Województwo małopolskie (Lesser Poland Voivodeship); – the introduction of newer and newer appropriate contents to the educational programs of students majoring in Pedagogy at Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski Academy in Cracow; – training of professionally active teachers of Województwo małopolskie (Lesser Poland Voivodeship); – as well as training of scientific staff and students Educational faculty at Matej Bel University in Banská Bystrica, implemented within the framework of international cooperation, including participation of J. Aksman and J. Gabzdyl in a research project Strategy in the education of art – the creation of new models and study materials for courses (KEGA č. 036UMB-4/2015) under the guidance of L. Kasáčová.
Źródło:
Państwo i Społeczeństwo; 2016, 2; 185-206
1643-8299
2451-0858
Pojawia się w:
Państwo i Społeczeństwo
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Risky play from the student’s perspective
Autorzy:
Edita, Rogulj,
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/894106.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-05-17
Wydawca:
Akademia Pedagogiki Specjalnej im. Marii Grzegorzewskiej. Wydawnictwo APS
Tematy:
children of early and preschool age
education of kindergarten teachers
nature
Outdoor
Opis:
The interactive process involving play as a main component of children’s activities enables children to identify existing knowledge, skills and abilities, and to enhance and enrich them with new cognitive elements. Outdoor play is certainly an inspiration for a child’s holistic development. Children have the opportunity for motor, psychological and cognitive development in an environment that provides countless situations that are changing due to constant natural variations that occur under the infl uence of meteorological changes, changes in plant and animal life. Along with the above elements, it is necessary to add an element of risky play that is equally important in the process of childhood education and learning. Today’s overprotection of children by parents has taken away the segment of risky play, which is an important element of childhood. Parents’ attitude towards risky play also defi nes the attitude of kindergarten teachers who, under the pressure of parents, create an artifi cial environment in which a child is unable to explore this important segment of play, or take risks in their activities, decisions and procedures. That exact segment is the subject of this research, which aims to explore the opinions of the future kindergarten teachers about risky play and their attitude towards it. The research was conducted through a questionnaire in which students of their 3rd year of undergraduate studies and 1st year of graduate studies of early and pre-school education took part. According to the results of this research, we have observed the need for changes in the education of future kindergarten teachers. This can be done by expanding the content related to the Outdoor Curriculum and risky play.
Źródło:
Problemy Opiekuńczo-Wychowawcze; 2019, 577(2); 38-45
0552-2188
Pojawia się w:
Problemy Opiekuńczo-Wychowawcze
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
BEITRAG ZUR MOTIVATION VON KINDERN IM GRUNDSCHULALTER IN DER MUSIKERZIEHUNG
CONTRIBUTION TO THE QUESTION OF MOTIVATION IN MUSIC EDUCATION OF YOUNGER SCHOOL AGED CHILDREN
Autorzy:
Jiřičková, Jiřina
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/566492.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Akademia Pomorska w Słupsku
Tematy:
Musikerziehung
Motivation
Klavier
Frühes Schulatter
music education
motivation
piano
early school age
Opis:
Piano is one of the most important motivators in music education for the early age children. It motivates them to different musical activities in music education. The piano teacher demonstrating his/her practical abilities can be an effective stimulus for their own piano playing. This paper proposes specific exercises enabling children to gain an active knowledge of the keyboard; it also discusses different starting points for further activities in music education.
Źródło:
Ars inter Culturas; 2014, 3; 107-115
2083-1226
Pojawia się w:
Ars inter Culturas
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Teaching for Wisdom in Early Modern Education
Autorzy:
Płóciennik, Elżbieta
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/507029.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Akademia Ignatianum w Krakowie
Tematy:
early education
child in pre-school age
teaching for wisdom
values
practical intelligence
Opis:
Teaching for wisdom (especially at the early educational stages) requires personal competence by the teacher, interesting teaching aids and modern, motivational techniques that stimulate and develop the child’s potential abilities and competences related to general and practical intelligence and creativity. In early education, of particular importance is the type of children’s/students’ activity that leads to the direct experiencing of the surrounding cultural, natural, technical and social reality. Such activity is undertaken by individuals through internal emotional involvement, which leads to the experience of values in an in-depth way, supporting development and gaining all kinds of practical experience, which in turn fosters maturity towards wisdom. The environment where Teaching for wisdom should be deliberately organized is school (preschool). Factual knowledge and the methodological competences of teachers can support the organization of educational situations that allow children/students to experience values and wisdom, develop their potential cognitive abilities, gain experience in the interpretation and evaluation of wise/unwise behaviour, and develop the habits of wise behaviour. These situations should be a source of getting students ready to use wisdom in life and to shape their value systems. The proposal of a detailed competence scope for the notion of wisdom is presented in the this article.
Źródło:
Journal of Preschool and Elementary School Education; 2013, 4; 27-48
2084-7998
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Preschool and Elementary School Education
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Edukacja wczesnoszkolna w trybie stacjonarnym i zdalnym a motywacja ucznia z perspektywy rodzica
Early School Education in Stationary and Remote Modes and the Student’s Motivation from the Parent’s Perspective
Autorzy:
Świstak, Patrycja
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1371204.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Jagielloński. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego
Tematy:
motywacja
edukacja wczesnoszkolna
wiek wczesnoszkolny
edukacja zdalna
e-learning
kształcenie zintegrowane
motivation
early school education
early school age
distance education
integrated learning.
Opis:
Over the past few months, due to the pandemic situation, students, parents, and teachers have faced the challenge of having to take classes remotely. The unstable reality has caused early childhood education to alternate between on-site and remote modes. This paper addresses the issue of motivation among early elementary school children in the era of pandemic and remote education. The paper includes characteristics of the early childhood period, education at this developmental stage, remote education, and an introduction to the topic of motivation. An inclusive survey of 50 parents was conducted to find out their opinions on motivation in relation to learning and other activities of their children who are in the younger school age. The results are included in the paper.
Źródło:
Pedagogika Przedszkolna i Wczesnoszkolna; 2021, 1 (17); 39-51
2353-7140
2353-7159
Pojawia się w:
Pedagogika Przedszkolna i Wczesnoszkolna
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Sztuki plastyczne w naiwnych teoriach uczniów edukacji wczesnoszkolnej
Visual arts in naive theories of early school education students
Autorzy:
Sobierańska, Dorota
Szyller, Aleksandra
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1387066.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-03-31
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Gdański. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Gdańskiego
Tematy:
naive theories of reality
visual arts
children of younger school age
early school education
Opis:
From the earliest years, thanks to the interpretation of the observed events and on the basis of social and cultural messages, children have been independently building naive theories of the world referring to concepts from the visual arts field. This article presents the results of my own research. The subject of it was based on third-graders’ statements from Warsaw primary schools concerning the interpretation and description of the term ‘visual arts’. Focus interviews were used to collect qualitative data. According to the research, students’ attempts to define concepts from the visual arts field are very rich and detailed. Most of the naive theories can be realised by the children who have them and can be made present in the form of their verbal and non-verbal statements. Therefore, the youngest children should be involved in discussions on extended cultural topics, of which they can be fullyfledged participants.
Źródło:
Problemy Wczesnej Edukacji; 2019, 44, 1; 66-75
1734-1582
2451-2230
Pojawia się w:
Problemy Wczesnej Edukacji
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Der frühe Fremdsprachenunterricht – je früher desto besser?
Early foreign language education – the sooner the better?
Autorzy:
Sopata, Aldona
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/917035.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018-11-05
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
early foreign language education
child second language acquisition
age factor in second language acquisition
Opis:
The article aims to summarize investigations which shed some light on the mechanisms of early second language acquisition and to draw from them pedagogical implications. Developing an optimal outline for foreign language teaching in early childhood should involve factors which make possible the use of inductive mechanisms of language acquisition by children.
Źródło:
Glottodidactica. An International Journal of Applied Linguistics; 2010, 36, 1; 95-105
0072-4769
Pojawia się w:
Glottodidactica. An International Journal of Applied Linguistics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
DIE KLAVIERMINIATUR ALS EIN AUSGANGSPUNKT FÜR MUSIKALISCHE AKTIVITÄTEN VON KINDERN IM GRUNDSCHULALTER
PIANO MINIATURE AS A STARTING POINT TO MUSICAL ACTIVITIES WITH CHILDREN OF AN EARLY SCHOOL AGE
Autorzy:
Jiřičková, Jiřina
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/566314.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Akademia Pomorska w Słupsku
Tematy:
Musikerziehung
Frűherziehung
Klavier
Modellsituationen
Klavierminiatur
music education
early school age
piano
model situations
piano miniature
Opis:
This paper discusses the role of the piano as a didactic instrument for children. The piano offers a great motivational aid in music education and provides an important aid in specific musical activities designed for children. A model scenario, developed by the author, presents a wide array of piano exercises that can be adopted during music lessons. They contain progressively structured musical activities, which are playful in character as well as suggest a specific teaching pedagogy.
Źródło:
Ars inter Culturas; 2015, 4; 109-118
2083-1226
Pojawia się w:
Ars inter Culturas
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Dzieci w świecie problematyki finansowej – innowacyjny pakiet dla edukacji wczesnoszkolnej "Myślę, decyduję, działam – finanse dla najmłodszych"
Children in the world of economics – innovative tool for lower primary school “I Think, Decide, Act-finances for the youngest”
Autorzy:
Żytko, Małgorzata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1386932.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-03-31
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Gdański. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Gdańskiego
Tematy:
financial education
economic awareness
early school-age children
experimental research
innovative educational tool
construct knowledge
Opis:
The article is dedicated to the issue of developing skills and acquiring economic knowledge in early school-age children, in particular in the field of financial education. The concept of the innovative educational tool “I Think, Decide, Act-finances for the youngest” and the process of testing this didactic material for two and half years in grades 1–3 of primary schools in Poland were presented. The purpose of the above mentioned tool is to provide children with cognitive and social educational situations for independent and creative activity that requires solving economic, financial and social problems. The main research methods were a parallel group experiment and an interview with teachers. The results of studies comparing the level of knowledge and financial-mathematical skills of children in the pretest and post test indicate a statistically significant increase in the level in experimental group in comparison with the control one. The teachers’ opinions on the application of the innovative tool in school practice show its didactic and educational value, with a particular emphasis on the quality of proposed mathematical open-ended problems related to the practical context.
Źródło:
Problemy Wczesnej Edukacji; 2020, 48, 1; 75-85
1734-1582
2451-2230
Pojawia się w:
Problemy Wczesnej Edukacji
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 27

Ta witryna wykorzystuje pliki cookies do przechowywania informacji na Twoim komputerze. Pliki cookies stosujemy w celu świadczenia usług na najwyższym poziomie, w tym w sposób dostosowany do indywidualnych potrzeb. Korzystanie z witryny bez zmiany ustawień dotyczących cookies oznacza, że będą one zamieszczane w Twoim komputerze. W każdym momencie możesz dokonać zmiany ustawień dotyczących cookies