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    Tytuł:
    Kilka uwag o zwalczaniu przestępczości przeciwko zabytkom archeologicznym
    SELECTED REMARKS ABOUT COMBATING CRIME AGAINST ARCHAEOLOGICAL RELICS
    Autorzy:
    Sabaciński, Marcin
    Trzciński, Maciej
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/539608.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2010
    Wydawca:
    Narodowy Instytut Dziedzictwa
    Tematy:
    bizantyjski solid cesarza Zenona wybity w Thessalonica
    przestępczość przeciwko zabytkom archeologicznym
    zagrożenia dziedzictwa archeologicznego
    ochrona prawna dziedzictwa archeologicznego
    nielegalny handel zabytkami archeologicznymi
    zwalczanie przestępczości przeciwko zabytkom archeologicznym
    Opis:
    The article is devoted to selected issues in combating and preventing crime against archaeological heritage. The authors [»resent basic legal [»revisions determining archaeological relics and define the term “crime that is related to them. Whilst describing basic activities of state institutions within the scope of combating this tvpe of crime, the authors commence a discussion on insufficient staffing among police monument coordinators. Most controversial examples of prosecuting attorneys errors are mentioned in the discussion on certain procedural problems which appeared in the course of conduct of penal procedures known to the authors. The issue of participation of archaeologists and museum employees in illegal trade in archaeological relics “in good faith is also discussed; moreover, the authors describe the problem related to the absence of efficient solutions with respect to trade in archaeological relics from illegal excavation sites outside of Poland. The article is completed with a summary of combating crime against archaeological relics and a conclusion that Poland still misses proper determination and, more importantly, proper evaluation of this type of crime and awareness of the importance of the problem. Negative effects of criminal activities are overlooked or marginalized; it should be remembered that such activities generate nonrenewable losses.
    Źródło:
    Ochrona Zabytków; 2009, 3; 67-76
    0029-8247
    Pojawia się w:
    Ochrona Zabytków
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Dekada nowych wyzwań. Następcy Ośrodka Dokumentacji Zabytków w walce z przestępczością przeciwko zabytkom
    The decade of new challenges. Successor of the Centre for Documentation of Monuments in the fighting of crime against monuments
    Autorzy:
    Sabaciński, Marcin
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/539236.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2012
    Wydawca:
    Narodowy Instytut Dziedzictwa
    Tematy:
    przestępczość przeciwko obiektom dziedzictwa
    skradzione zabytki
    OODA
    Krajowy Zespół do Walki z Przestępczością Przeciwko Dziedzictwu Narodowemu
    policja
    ochrona dziedzictwa archeologicznego
    Opis:
    The transformations of the system in the 1990s resulted in a significant change of the scale and specific nature of the danger of crime against objects of heritage. The consequences of the said process were transformations of central institutions responsible for the protection of monuments and the passing of the Law on the protection and care of monuments, which contained a new definition of the monument and an updated list of crimes and offences against heritage. As regards crime fighting measures, the last decade saw the establishment of the interministerial task force for the fighting of crime against cultural property and the National Team for the Fighting of Crime Against National Heritage in the General Headquarters of the Police. Two unprecedented interministerial agreements regarding the rules of co-operation of uniformed services and the Ministry of Culture in the fighting of crime against monuments were signed, too. The advancing specialisation of state services resulted from the specific nature of the kind of crime concerned. Effective fighting of such crime requires continuous professionalisation and close co-operation with the scientific environment and experts in the protection of monuments. The establishment of specialised units in the Police, the Civil Service and the Border Guard led to the improvement of the effectiveness of their operations in the last few years. Offences against archaeological heritage turned out to be one of the present-day challenges with regard to crime fighting. The National Heritage Board of Poland co-operates actively with the Police and border services to that extent by organising specialist training courses, issuing training materials and opinions, giving professional advice on particular criminal cases and initiating a series of educational projects targeted at a wide group of recipients. Regular co-operation with the Allegro website was also established and the three-year Polish-Norwegian training project “Legal and illegal trade in cultural property” was completed. One of the most topical challenges is the identification of stolen objects of heritage. This is why the National Heritage Board of Poland, a depositary of the national resource of information on heritage, is an institution that can contribute to the solving of many criminal cases, and the international co-operation of NHMP makes it possible to conduct the identification process on a European scale.
    Źródło:
    Ochrona Zabytków; 2012, 1-2; 191-198
    0029-8247
    Pojawia się w:
    Ochrona Zabytków
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    'The sky is not the limit' - GIS analysis of Sentinel-2 imagery for heritage protection and management
    Autorzy:
    Żuk, Lidia
    Tomczak, Sonia
    Mamić, Luka
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2191375.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021
    Wydawca:
    Stowarzyszenie SILGIS
    Tematy:
    GIS
    archaeological heritage protection
    satellite imagery
    Sentinel-2
    UNESCO sites
    ochrona dziedzictwa archeologicznego
    zdjęcia satelitarne
    obiekty UNESCO
    Opis:
    This article aims to demonstrate the potential of Sentinel-2 and GIS for heritage monitoring, protection and management. Applications of remote sensing in heritage strategies have been explored for decades. However, new possibilities were opened up with the launch of the European Union's Earth Observation Programme Copernicus. Systematic and frequent global coverage of land surface offered by one of its products – Sentinel-2, provides an almost instant insight into sudden events and long- term processes that affect heritage around the world. Following new developments in remote sensing, GIS provides tools to integrate data for their effective processing, analysis, interpretation and dissemination of results. We will explore the potential and limitations of those datasets and tools using UNESCO World Heritage sites from Sudan as case studies. In particular, we will tackle issues related to interpretation of changes around heritage sites, attempt to estimate their recent conditions and identify existing and/ or potential threats.
    Źródło:
    GIS Odyssey Journal; 2021, 1, 2; 103--122
    2720-2682
    Pojawia się w:
    GIS Odyssey Journal
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Szanowni Państwo!
    Dear Readers!
    Autorzy:
    Florjanowicz, Paulina
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/537896.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2012
    Wydawca:
    Narodowy Instytut Dziedzictwa
    Tematy:
    Narodowy Instytut Dziedzictwa
    Krajowy Ośrodek Badań i Dokumentacji Zabytków
    Ośrodek Dokumentacji Zabytków
    Ośrodek Ochrony Zabytkowego Krajobrazu
    Ośrodek Ochrony Dziedzictwa Archeologicznego
    Opis:
    The National Board of Poland, the publisher of the Ochrona Zabytków magazine, was established in 2011, but is already celebrating the 50th anniversary of its activity. How is that possible? The National Board of Poland, formerly the National Centre for Research and Documentation of Monuments, is the legal successor of the Centre for Documentation of Monuments (CDM) – an institution to which the Polish conservation owes very much. CDM has been established by the then Minister of Culture and Art in 1962 and accomplished its tasks successfully for four successive decades. In 2002 the former CDM and the Centre for the Protection of Historic Landscape were merged to establish the National Centre for Research and Documentation of Monuments (NCRDM), into which the Centre for the Protection of Archaeological Heritage was incorporated in 2007. In 2011, by the decision of the Minister of Culture and National Heritage, NCRDM changed its name to the National Heritage Board of Poland. We decided to celebrate this magnificent anniversary with a special issue of our magazine. It will contain information about achievements of the Centre for Documentation of Monuments during 40 years of its existence and about the activities of the Centre for the Protection of Historic Landscape and the Centre for the Protection of Archaeological Heritage, i.e., the institutions on the basis of which NCRDM and later the National Heritage Board of Poland was established. The last jubilee issue of Ochrona Zabytków was published on the occasion of the 40th anniversary of CDM exactly 10 years ago, at the beginning of 2002 (Ochrona Zabytków no. 1, 2002). A few months later, CDM ceased to exist in its then-current structure. Its ideas were continued by the National Centre for Research and Documentation of Monuments and later the National Heritage Board of Poland. However, the current jubilee issue is different from the one published 10 years ago. Successive articles were arranged in a manner showing the continuity of the mission of our institution; articles on historical topics are accompanied by texts of current employees of the National Heritage Board of Poland (NHB), who continue the presented projects, at the same time adapting them to contemporary expectations of recipients and making use of the latest methodology. Anyway, innovation was the trademark feature of CDM – after all, it was one of the first conservation institutions in the world that collected documentation about historic object resources of the entire country in a standardised manner. It is something worth remembering. In the changing reality, we have to adapt the methodology of our activities to challenges of contemporary times, but the mission of CDM that was defined in its statutes 50 years ago remains valid: „to improve the stock-taking of monuments for the rational planning of their reconstruction and conservation”. Obviously, monuments are no longer reconstructed today, but the mission of NHB is still to create the basis for the sustainable preservation of heritage by gathering and disseminating knowledge about historical monuments, by setting standards for their protection and conservation, and by raising the social awareness of Polish cultural heritage in order to preserve it for posterity. The National Heritage Board of Poland acts at the intersection of many different fields of activity of the state and society and, therefore, runs a multitude of projects addressed to diverse target groups. Consequently, it is extremely difficult to pass information about the full scope of our activity to all interested persons. This volume does not contain all articles concerning the entire activity of NHB, either. For instance, the entire area of international co-operation was not covered, including important issues such as the implementation of part of the provisions of the UNESCO World Heritage Convention, or expert co-operation with the Council of Europe and the European Commission that has been carried out successfully for a few years. There is also no mention of our activity concerning the support of conservation initiatives in the Ukraine and Belarus or the long-term program of revitalisation of the Muskau Park, which is managed directly by NHB. The role of NHB in the recognition of the most valuable objects as Monuments of History and our intense efforts to create their strong brand are not mentioned, either. Many other areas of NHB’s activity were not covered as well – not because they are less important, but because there was not enough space to write about everything. However, the primary idea of this special issue of Ochrona Zabytków was to present the original tasks of CDM and the manner in which their implementation is continued by NHB today. And the number of these tasks is continuously increasing and there will be many opportunities to write about them, also in this magazine. According to the promise made in the previous issue, Ochrona Zabytków is being transformed into a more interesting magazine that reflects more closely real and current conservation issues. When preparing this special issue, we assumed that each of us had the right to include his own memories and we treat the published texts as authors’ works. This applies particularly to the authors who participated in activities of CDM and other predecessors of NHB and look back on 50 years of achievements from a slightly different perspective. Some of them contain critical remarks about our current activities, which we humbly accept and for which I would like to thank very much here. Articles by current employees of NHB were written according to a completely different principle – they contain no criticism of the past. This is not our role, because we feel that we continue the idea of CDM formulated 50 years ago and, in spite of various twists and turns of history, our task is to pursue this mission and try to fulfil it as best as possible. We do not want to criticise things from the past, but to evolve and adapt our current activities to requirements of contemporary times. I believe that we succeed in doing this and I hope that you have this feeling, too. Finally, let me wish all of you, including former and current employees and collaborators of CDM, CPHL, the Centre for Archaeological Rescue Research, CPAH, NCRDM and NHB, in particular all former directors of those renowned institutions, all the best on the occasion of the jubilee of the 50th anniversary. I would like to thank you for your work, knowledge and passion, because it is the passion, commitment and personal attitude to the tasks being undertaken that connects authors of past successes of CDM with today’s creators of the image of the National Heritage Board of Poland.
    Źródło:
    Ochrona Zabytków; 2012, 1-2; 3-6
    0029-8247
    Pojawia się w:
    Ochrona Zabytków
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Od Ośrodka Dokumentacji Zabytków do Narodowego Instytutu Dziedzictwa
    From the Centre for Documentation of Monuments to the National Heritage Board of Poland
    Autorzy:
    Wendlandt, Juliusz
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/536043.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2012
    Wydawca:
    Narodowy Instytut Dziedzictwa
    Tematy:
    ODZ
    Ośrodek Dokumentacji Zabytków
    Kazimierz Malinowski
    służby konserwatorskie
    standardy ewidencji
    Ośrodek Ochrony Zabytkowego Krajobrazu
    Ośrodek Ochrony Dziedzictwa Archeologicznego
    Opis:
    By the Order no. 166 of the Minister of Culture and Art of 22 December 1961, the Centre for Documentation of Monuments was established “for the purpose of improvement of the stock-taking of monuments for the rational planning of their reconstruction and conservation”. Its tasks included the preparation of the central register, record and supplementary documentation of non-movable and movable monuments. CDM’s substantive activity was based on record cards of non-movable (ca 40,000) and movable monuments, record files of cities, historic complexes and parks, historical and technical documentation of historic objects of architecture and historic buildings as well as archival and photographic materials acquired from the then existing Administration of Museums and Monument Protection. Tasks were performed by the Centre in three research departments: the Department of Architecture and Town Planning, the Department of Movable Monuments and the Department of Archaeology and in supplementary departments: the Department of Museology, which collected and documented knowledge about Polish museums, the Department of Archives and Scientific Collections, which collected, among others, materials relating to the historical issues and conservation of monuments, and the Phototeque with a unique collection of negatives, positives and diapositives, including historic aerial photographs of historic urban complexes and spatial development layouts. This collection is particularly important, because it often concerns the objects that no longer exist. Among achievements of the Department of Publications, which existed in the Centre from the beginning, it is particularly worth noting one hundred volumes of the Library of Muse ology and Monument Protection (LMMP) devoted to a variety of topics: from legal protection of monuments, materials from conservation conferences, specialistic issues of the conservation technology, to glossaries. For many years CDM was the publisher of a number of magazines devoted to popular science: Spotkania z Zabytkami, Muzealnictwo and Ochrona Zabytków. What also existed in CDM from the beginning, was the library – one of the few libraries in Poland that had not only a collection of books on the history of art and museums, but also a collection of books on issues of stock-taking and documentation of monuments and conservation issues – both with regard to theory and practice. Within the limits of its statutory activity, the Centre kept a central record of cultural properties, determined models and established standards of record-keeping. It organised training courses for employees of Conservation Offices and Offices for Documentation of Monuments, directed priorities in the preparation of records of monuments and supervised periodically the financing of the entire record-keeping programme in Poland. For the purpose of closer co-operation with conservation services and local administration bodies, twelve Centres for Studies and Protection of the Cultural Environment were established as local centres of CDM in 1991 and 1992. In 2000, part of CDM’s competences relating to the initiation and financing of records was transferred to conservation services and the Centre became responsible only for archives and information. Until then, during 40 years of its activity, CDM had collected and co-created an imposing record documentation, which constituted a unique collection encompassing around: • 130,000 record cards of historic objects of architecture and historic buildings, • 640,000 address index cards of historic objects of architecture and historic buildings, • 600 historical & urban planning studies of cities, • 320,000 record cards of movable monuments, • 6,600 files of the Archaeological Photograph of Poland (68% of the surface of the country; 375,000 archaeological sites), • 70,000 decisions on entry into the register of monuments (all categories of monuments), • 130,000 negatives and 1,000 binders of positives in the phototeque, • 35,000 negatives, diapositives and photographs of the aerial documentation of cities and the cultural landscape, • 50 linear metres of archival materials, • 60,000 volumes of books and magazines in the library. Moreover, CDM had at its disposal materials of the State Enterprise Monument Conservation Workshops from years 1948-1988 (750 linear metres of conservation documentation, 250,000 negatives, 1,881 photogrammetries, 8 linear metres of photographs in boxes). These materials were not only used by the personnel of conservation services, but also made widely available for scientific and educational research. In 2002, two cultural institutions: the Centre for Documentation for Monuments and the Centre for the Protection of Historic Landscape were merged and the National Centre for Research and Documentation of Monuments was established. The Centre for the Protection of Historic Landscape was created on the basis of the Administration of the Protection and Conservation of Palace & Garden Complexes, which functioned from 1977 within the structures of the National Museum in Warsaw. Originally it engaged in the maintenance of historic parks in the divisions of the National Museum –in Łazienki Park, Wilanów, Nieborów and Królikarnia. The methods that were used there in broadly understood conservation activities, from historical research to the revitalisation of these parks, were employed to work out theoretical and practical rules relating to the maintenance of historic green layouts in the scale going beyond museum objects. In those years, there were no specialistic institutions taking care of historic parks; these shortages were particularly severe for local conservation offices, which employed mainly historians of art, architects, ethnographers and archaeologists in their structures. Only a small group of landscape architects or foresters took care of historic greens. Because of the need to support voivodeship conservators of monuments, the Administration of the Protection of Palace & Garden Complexes was separated from the National Museum and started nationwide activity as an independent entity. As far as records and documentation are concerned, the Administration’s activity was similar to that of CDM, but was carried on with regard to historic green layouts – parks, gardens and cemeteries, including former Polish cemeteries situated outside the country. Apart from that, the Administration was authorised by the General Conservator of Monuments to exercise the broadly understood heritage conservator supervision of works being performed in historic parks in Poland. The co-operation concerned both design and performance. For instance, a programme of clearing works in neglected parks was commenced, under which conservators and users received an instruction concerning the performance of basic maintenance works before proper revitalisation activities. The Administration elaborated also the rules of preparation of conservation documentation, paying particular attention to the need to carry out historical & scientific research before design works. It was also the originator of pre-design research that was called “park archaeology”. From the beginning of its activity, the Administration ran a large-scale training programme for conservation services. A design studio was also created to carry out park revitalisation projects within the scope of statutory activity. At the same time, a scientific base was created by establishing a specialised library and collecting all materials concerning the history of gardening. Research on park plants and their selection in the historical development process was also initiated. Grounds were even created for the establishment of a specialised nursery which was to prevent the spreading fashion for introduction of foreign species of trees and shrubs to historic parks through selection of native plants occurring in historic gardens. The large-scale research and record-keeping programme resulted in a series of publications, including the list Parks and historic gardens in Poland, catalogues of historic cemeteries in various provinces, a catalogue of Galician cemeteries from World War I and catalogues of Polish cemeteries in Belarus and the Ukraine. Special attention in the activity of the Administration was paid to the role of historic parks in the local environment and their importance for the cultural landscape. In this context, research on particularly endangered large-area layouts and composed landscape was commenced. As a result of the extended research zone and environment protection activities, the Administration of the Protection of Palace & Garden Complexes was transformed into the Centre for the Protection of Historic Landscape on 1 January 1994. Special achievements of CPHL include activities for the benefit of the Muskau Park in Łęknica, a park & landscape work of primary importance for the history of the world art of gardening. For the purpose of ensuring proper progress of revitalisation works, CPHL took over the administration of this facility and restored the original grandeur and importance of the park after a few years of intense work, as a result of which the park was entered into the UNESCO World Cultural and Natural Heritage list. CPHL carried on very intense training & conference activities, and materials acquired by means of them were systematically published in a few dozen volumes of the Studia i Materiały publication, which was divided into several thematic series. The National Centre for Research and Documentation of Monuments basically continued the tasks of both merged institutions, but focused rather on documentation works and the elaboration of methods of protection and maintenance of monuments, and direct design and field works were gradually limited. Higher importance was attached to giving opinions on various projects, including conservation projects. NCRDM became the main provider of opinions for the General Conservator of Monuments. In addition, NCRDM engaged in the preparation of materials connected with the establishment of a monument of history (including the elaboration of a draft of criteria for the application and the carrying-out of the procedure), giving of opinions on and verification of applications. It also prepared a proposal for monitoring of historic objects regarded as monuments of history and entered into the UNESCO World Cultural and Natural Heritage list. The computerisation of collections became one of the most important tasks of NCRDM. NCRDM had already commenced work on that subject in the past, but these were not complex activities aimed at creating a unified programme for all kinds of documentation. NCRDM also started to make 3D scans of historic objects for the needs of conservation services and activities. It is worth mentioning that from 2002 till 2006 NCRDM did not engage in recording of archaeological monuments, because this function was fulfilled by the Centre for the Protection of Archaeological Heritage. Its predecessor was the Centre for Rescue Archaeological Research (CRAR) established in 1995, whose primary goal was to supervise and examine areas laid out for large-area investments being designed. These activities were particularly necessary in areas through which national fast traffic roads were to run. Within the scope of CRAR’s research, a huge number of archaeological sites was examined within a relatively short time and many important scientific discoveries were made. Irrespective of the specific nature of archaeological research, which was different from research on other kinds of monuments, scientific and record documentation was being prepared, the meaning and significance of which was identical to that of documentation of monuments in general. Thus, the activities of the Centre for the Protection of Archaeological Heritage turned out to coincide in many respects with work of the National Centre for Research and Documentation of Monuments. As a result, both of these cultural institutions were merged in 2006. Until 31 December 2010, they functioned as the National Centre for Research and Documentation of Monuments, which changed its name to the National Heritage Board of Poland by virtue of the order of the Ministry of Culture and National Heritage on 1 January 2011. This change involves also the adoption of new statutes, according to which the Institute is obliged to pursue tasks relating to the sustainable protection of the cultural heritage of Poland in order to preserve it for future generations through: 1. the collection and dissemination of knowledge about heritage; 2. the determination and dissemination of standards of protection and maintenance of monuments, 3. the formation of social awareness regarding the values and maintenance of cultural heritage. This shows that, apart from activities being performed so far, e.g. with regard to the collection of record documentation, the goal of the Institute is to undertake tasks on a broader social scale, especially those relating to the dissemination of knowledge on cultural heritage. This goal should be supported by activities such as the monitoring of the state of preservation and the evaluation of the heritage resource, the building and development of the nationwide geospatial database about monuments and the improvement of access to collections through their digitalisation. The Institute continues to issue opinions and expertises concerning monument-related activities to public administration bodies, but it is also obliged to carry out, upon the Minister’s order, a part of tasks of the ministry of culture resulting from the accession of Poland to the 1972 UNESCO World Heritage Convention and, in particular, carry out works to ensure standards of protection, conservation and presentation of World Heritage sites, monitor and evaluate their condition, co-ordinate work on the preparation of management plans and supervise their implementation as well as participate in international co-operation with a view to the protection of cultural heritage. In order to implement these tasks, the Institute has the properly qualified staff and supplements its technical equipment within the limits of its financial possibilities. Some difficulty is caused by the lack of adequate place both for the expanding documentation resources and for arrangement of research workshops. The Centre for Documentation of Monuments has actually grappled with the lack of appropriate premises since the beginning of its existence; currently, after a series of organisational changes and mergers, the National Heritage Board of Poland with its rich archives and specialistic workshops is located in four separate facilities in and outside Warsaw, in accidental rooms that are completely inadequate to the kind of its activity. This means that, after 50 years of its activity, the institution is entering the new stage as the National Heritage Board of Poland without a seat that would be adequate to its name and role. Such a situation hinders the current activity of the institution and, in the first place, does not contribute to the improvement of mutual relations between employees and the building of an integrated team and causes a serious problem to a very large number of clients making use of the dispersed collections.
    Źródło:
    Ochrona Zabytków; 2012, 1-2; 35-47
    0029-8247
    Pojawia się w:
    Ochrona Zabytków
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Współczesne aspekty projektowania osłon w rezerwatach archeologiczno-archiektonicznych. Z zagadnień ochrony i ekspozycji dziedzictwa archeologicznego
    Contemporary aspects of designing shelters in archaeological-architectonic reserves. Issues of protection and exhibition of archaeological heritage
    Autorzy:
    Stala, Klaudia
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/218068.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Stowarzyszenie Konserwatorów Zabytków
    Tematy:
    osłona archeologiczna
    rezerwat archeologiczny
    stanowisko archeologiczne
    ochrona
    dziedzictwa archeologicznego
    archaeological shelter
    archaeological reserve
    archaeological site
    protection
    of archaeological heritage
    Opis:
    Niniejszy artykuł dotyczy problemów konserwatorskich związanych z projektowaniem konstrukcji osłonowych nad reliktami eksponowanymi w otwartych rezerwatach archeologicznych. Poruszono tu kwestie związane z definicją osłony, terminologią oraz jej funkcją. Na podstawie badań prowadzonych przede wszystkim przez włoskich uczonych udowodniono, że nieodpowiednio zastosowane lub źle dobrane osłony przyczyniają się do procesów degradacyjnych chronionej substancji zabytkowej. Największe zagrożenie dla reliktów znajdujących się pod osłonami stanowi powstający tam specyficzny mikroklimat, który trudno jest kontrolować, ale można minimalizować jego niekorzystne skutki posiadając odpowiednią wiedzę dotyczącą uwarunkowań klimatycznych otoczenia oraz reakcji substancji zabytkowej w zaistniałych zmiennych warunkach atmosferycznych, a także uwzględniając stan zachowania reliktów. Artykuł ma na celu zwrócenie uwagi na ten niezwykle ważny proces analityczny i badawczy, który powinien poprzedzać prace projektowe i warunkować decyzje co do sposobu ich realizacji.
    This article addresses conservation issues associated with designing shelter structures over relics exhibited in open archaeological reserves. Questions concerning the definition of a shelter, terminology and the function were discussed here. On the basis of the research carried out mainly by Italian scientists it has been proved that inappropriately applied or poorly selected shelters contribute to the degradation of the preserved historic substance. The greatest danger to the relics preserved under the shelters is posed by the specific microclimate created there, which is difficult to control, but its negative influence can be minimised when one has sufficient knowledge concerning climate conditions of the surroundings and the reaction of the historic substance in the known changeable weather conditions, and considering the state of preservation of the relics. The article is to draw attention to that extremely important analytical and research process which ought to precede project work and condition decisions about the manner of realising those projects.
    Źródło:
    Wiadomości Konserwatorskie; 2019, 60; 105-115
    0860-2395
    2544-8870
    Pojawia się w:
    Wiadomości Konserwatorskie
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Ochrona zabytków archeologicznych?
    The Protection of Archaeological Monuments?
    Autorzy:
    Szpanowski, Piotr
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/536808.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2002
    Wydawca:
    Narodowy Instytut Dziedzictwa
    Tematy:
    ochrona zabytków archeologicznych
    Ośrodek Ochrony Dziedzictwa Archeologicznego (OODA)
    konserwatorstwo archeologiczne
    prace archeologiczne i wykopaliskowe w Polsce
    zabytki archeologiczne w Polsce
    Opis:
    Once again archaeological conservation is in the throes of institutional transformations, which in 2002 involved offices and institutions associated with the protection of cultural heritage. The protection of archaeological monuments has been, for all practical purposes, excluded from the tasks of government administration, which included the Office of the General Conservator of H istorical Monuments, liquidated on 31 March 2002. Its fate was shared by the Centre for Salvage Archaeological Research and the Department of Archaeology at the Centre for the Documentation of Historical Monuments. Today, the protection of archaeological monuments is the domain of the newly established Centre for the Protection of Archaeological Heritage which, in its capacity as a cultural institution outside the structure of government administration, has been entrusted with extremely responsible tasks stemming from the regulations of the binding statute about the protection of cultural property and acts of international law, supervision over the Service of the Protection of Historical Monuments entailing the p ro tection of archeological monuments, current inventories, the documentation and assessment of the state of the preservation of monuments and tackling the challenges of an epoch of the domination of digital techniques, in which the usefulness of archaeological archives will be decided by the degree of their accessibility with the help of modern information instruments.
    Źródło:
    Ochrona Zabytków; 2002, 2; 214-216
    0029-8247
    Pojawia się w:
    Ochrona Zabytków
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Konserwacja zapobiegawcza dziedzictwa archeologicznego : wprowadzenie do problematyki
    PREVENTIVE CONSERVATION OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL HERITAGE: INTRODUCTION TO THE SUBJECT AREA
    Autorzy:
    Kobyliński, Zbigniew
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/536557.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2010
    Wydawca:
    Narodowy Instytut Dziedzictwa
    Tematy:
    dziedzictwo archeologiczne
    konserwacja zapobiegawcza
    konserwacja zapobiegawcza dziedzictwa archeologicznego
    niszczenie dziedzictwa archeologicznego
    niszczenie stanowisk i zabytków archeologicznych
    ochrona ginących zasobów archeologicznych
    filozofia konserwacji zapobiegawczej
    teoria konserwacji
    konserwacja in .situ
    zachowanie zabytków in situ
    czynniki destrukcji stanowisk archeologicznych
    konstrukcje ochronne
    stabilizacja warunków środowiskowych
    stworzenie stabilnego mikroklimatu
    europejskiej strategii konserwacji zapobiegawczej.
    błędne rozwiązania ochronne
    teatr grecki w Heraclea Minoa na Sycylii
    błędy konserwatorskie
    Villa del Casale w Piazza Armerina na Sycylii
    zagrożenia dla dziedzictwa archeologicznego
    Opis:
    ICOMOS Charter for the Protection and Management o f the Archaeological Heritage issued in 1990 can be regarded as the final moment of the long-term process of formation of the belief in the archaeological branch that it is necessary to assign priority to preventive conservation in all actions undertaken towards the authentic substance of archaeological sites and relics. \\ ith regard to archaeological heritage, the strategy of preventive conservation must cover at least (lie implementation of the following rules: 1. Creation of optimum conditions of duration and exposure for the monument (elaboration of the monument protection plan). 2. Non-disturbance of the monument substance (restriction of excavation work to a necessary minimum). 3. Monitoring of the condition of the monument (conservator’s inspections and ensuring that the monument will be cared about by social caretakers of monuments). *+. Intervention in the case of any danger (carrying- -out of minimum required repair activities and legal and administrative interventions). The elaboration of the plan of long-term protection and management of the monument must be a key element of the strateg)7. Such a plan must be based on multidisciplinary scientific research aimed at understanding the fragment of the heritage that is to be covered by the conservation. This understanding covers not only an in-depth knowledge of the monument itself, but also of the historical and contemporary context in which the monument is situated, including th<‘ conditions of natural environment and social attitudes. Only with such a knowledge at our disposal can we elaborate an action plan that will allow us to retain the monument substance of the site, at the same time giving the possibility of I lie widest and most diverse use of monument values that are carried by that site. The article deals with practical problems related to the implementation of such proactive approach to the in situ conservation of architectural relics, such as th<‘ conservation of archaeological sites by refilling them with soil, ensuring of proper humidity and other soil conditions for the given site, impact of plants on the maintenance of archaeological sites, problems arising during the construction of roofs for archaeological sites, or special problems connected with the provision of access to archaeological sites for tourists. The problems discussed in the article lead to the conclusion that preventive conservation consists mainly of planning based on scientific research and anticipation of long-term results of undertaken actions.
    Źródło:
    Ochrona Zabytków; 2009, 3; 77-104
    0029-8247
    Pojawia się w:
    Ochrona Zabytków
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Konwencja o ochronie podwodnego dziedzictwa kulturowego
    Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage
    Autorzy:
    Kobyliński, Zbigniew
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/538437.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2002
    Wydawca:
    Narodowy Instytut Dziedzictwa
    Tematy:
    Konwencja o ochronie podwodnego dziedzictwa kulturowego
    zagrożenia dla podwodnego dziedzictwa kulturowego
    podwodne dziedzictwo kulturowe
    Europejska Konwencja o Ochronie Dziedzictwa Archeologicznego
    niszczenie podwodnego dziedzictwa kulturowego
    Konwencja Narodów Zjednoczonych o prawie morza
    UNCLOS
    prawo ratownictwa morskiego
    prawo własności podwodnego dziedzictwa kulturowego
    Karta Ochrony i Zarządzania Podwodnym Dziedzictwem Kulturowym ICOMOS
    Opis:
    The 33rd session of the UNESCO General Conference, held on 2 November 2001, passed a Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage, an act of international law prepared for more than twenty years. The article discusses the history of the legislation undertakings which ultimately produced the text of the convention and explains the reasons for the lengthy absence of a consensus. The author delves into foremost controversial issues such as criteria for the definition of underwater cultural heritage, the relation between the titular convention and the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), the attitude of the convention to the law of salvage, the possibility of granting jurisdiction dealing with the protection of underwater cultural heritage to littoral states within the range of their exclusive economic zones and the Continental shelf and, finally, the relations between the convention in question and the ICOMOS Charter on the Protection and Management of Underwater Cultural Heritage. The article also offers a concise presentation of the contents of the most significant fragments of the ultimately accepted convention.
    Źródło:
    Ochrona Zabytków; 2002, 2; 142-151
    0029-8247
    Pojawia się w:
    Ochrona Zabytków
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Pojęcie dziedzictwa kulturowego i jego znaczenie dla działań polskiej administracji publicznej wobec integracji europekskiej
    The Concept of Cultural Heritage and Its Significance for Polish Public Administration in View of European Integration
    Autorzy:
    Dobosz, Piotr
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/535342.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2002
    Wydawca:
    Narodowy Instytut Dziedzictwa
    Tematy:
    Pojęcie dziedzictwa kulturowego
    dziedzictwo kulturowe
    dziedzictwo kulturalne
    dziedzictwo narodowe
    ochrona dóbr kultury
    aspekt prawny ochrony dóbr kultury / dziedzictwa kulturalnego
    ochrona dziedzictwa kulturowego w Unii Europejskiej
    „Wspólne dziedzictwo kulturowe"
    system prawny Rady Europy
    Europejska konwencja kulturalna
    Europejska konwencja o ochronie dziedzictwa archeologicznego
    Konwencja o ochronie dziedzictwa architektonicznego
    traktat między Rzecząpospolitą Polską a Republiką Federalną Niemiec
    traktat o dobrym sąsiedztwie i przyjaznej współpracy
    prawodawstwo UNESCO
    Konwencja w sprawie ochrony światowego dziedzictwa kulturalnego i naturalnego
    Konferencja Generalna Organizacji Narodów Zjednoczonych dla Wychowania, Nauki i Kultury
    Komitet Dziedzictwa Światowego
    Opis:
    In his reflections on international and European legal norms referring to the protection of cultural heritage in Poland the author presented select international bilateral conventions (involving the Republic of Poland and West Germany) as well as international European Council conventions which unfortunately do not encompass Poland; they include the Convention about the protection of architectural heritage (1985) which Poland did not ratify. European Community legislation is discussed against the background of the Treaty on the establishment of the European Community and the “Association Convention” embracing Poland and the European Community together with its member states. The proposed analysis pertains to UNESCO legislation whose norms are binding for Poland upon the basis of signed and ratified international conventions. The author outlined the backdrop of constitutional expressions pertaining to the protection of cultural heritage, and examined the relations between the concepts of “national” and “European (joint) cultural heritage” .
    Źródło:
    Ochrona Zabytków; 2002, 2; 121-141
    0029-8247
    Pojawia się w:
    Ochrona Zabytków
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
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