Konserwacja zapobiegawcza dziedzictwa archeologicznego : wprowadzenie do problematyki PREVENTIVE CONSERVATION OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL HERITAGE: INTRODUCTION TO THE SUBJECT AREA
ICOMOS Charter for the Protection and
Management o f the Archaeological Heritage
issued in 1990 can be regarded as the final moment
of the long-term process of formation of the belief in
the archaeological branch that it is necessary to
assign priority to preventive conservation in all
actions undertaken towards the authentic substance
of archaeological sites and relics.
\\ ith regard to archaeological heritage, the strategy
of preventive conservation must cover at least
(lie implementation of the following rules:
1. Creation of optimum conditions of duration and
exposure for the monument (elaboration of the
monument protection plan).
2. Non-disturbance of the monument substance
(restriction of excavation work to a necessary minimum).
3. Monitoring of the condition of the monument
(conservator’s inspections and ensuring that the
monument will be cared about by social caretakers
of monuments).
*+. Intervention in the case of any danger (carrying-
-out of minimum required repair activities and
legal and administrative interventions).
The elaboration of the plan of long-term protection
and management of the monument must be
a key element of the strateg)7. Such a plan must be
based on multidisciplinary scientific research aimed
at understanding the fragment of the heritage that is
to be covered by the conservation. This understanding
covers not only an in-depth knowledge of the
monument itself, but also of the historical and contemporary
context in which the monument is situated,
including th<‘ conditions of natural environment
and social attitudes. Only with such a knowledge at
our disposal can we elaborate an action plan that
will allow us to retain the monument substance of
the site, at the same time giving the possibility of I lie
widest and most diverse use of monument values
that are carried by that site.
The article deals with practical problems related
to the implementation of such proactive approach to
the in situ conservation of architectural relics, such
as th<‘ conservation of archaeological sites by refilling
them with soil, ensuring of proper humidity and
other soil conditions for the given site, impact of
plants on the maintenance of archaeological sites,
problems arising during the construction of roofs
for archaeological sites, or special problems connected
with the provision of access to archaeological
sites for tourists.
The problems discussed in the article lead to the
conclusion that preventive conservation consists
mainly of planning based on scientific research
and anticipation of long-term results of undertaken
actions.
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