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Wyszukujesz frazę "diesel exhaust" wg kryterium: Temat


Tytuł:
Application of a Fibrous Electrostatic Filter for Treatment of Diesel Exhaust
Autorzy:
Ciach, T.
Sosnowski, T. R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/89862.pdf
Data publikacji:
2000
Wydawca:
Centralny Instytut Ochrony Pracy
Tematy:
diesel exhaust filtration
soot particles
exhaust
spaliny
spaliny silnika Diesla
filtracja spalin
sadza
Opis:
The paper presents results of investigations of a novel method for diesel exhaust filtration in a fibrous filter supplemented by the external electrostatic field (FEF), which may be used to eliminate the occupational hazard near sources of diesel emission. The reported research follows the preliminary basic study of soot removal in such systems (Ciach, Sosnowski, & Podgorski, 1995), and is focused on the construction and testing of a prototype technical-scale FEF device. The results suggest a strong relation between applied voltage and filtration efficiency of the system and demonstrate the influence of aerosol precharging on the efficiency, which can be more than 95%.
Źródło:
International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics; 2000, 6, 3; 321-333
1080-3548
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zanieczyszczenie powietrza spalinami przy drążeniu wyrobisk z wykorzystaniem maszyn z silnikami Diesla
Air pollution by diesel exhaust during drifting headings with diesel-powered vehicles
Autorzy:
Szlązak, N.
Borowski, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/350114.pdf
Data publikacji:
2005
Wydawca:
Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie. Wydawnictwo AGH
Tematy:
emisja spalin z silników Diesla
zagrożenie spalinami
zanieczyszczenie powietrza w wyrobiskach podziemnych
diesel exhaust emission
harmfulness of diesel exhaust
air pollution in underground excavations
Opis:
W artykule przedstawiono sposoby wentylacji drążonych wyrobisk, w których pracują maszyny samojezdne z wysokoprężnymi silnikami spalinowymi. Scharakteryzowano czynniki wpływające na wielkość emisji spalin oraz omówiono szkodliwe oddziaływanie stałych i gazowych składników spalin. W celu oceny zanieczyszczenia atmosfery wyrobisk stałymi i gazowymi składnikami spalin silników Diesla podczas pracy maszyn samojezdnych wykonano pomiary zawartości części stałych i składników gazowych w powietrzu. Wyniki zostały opracowane statystycznie. Określono warunki przewietrzania, dla których będą zachowane dopuszczalne stężenia z uwagi na zanieczyszczenia stałymi i gazowymi składnikami spalin.
The ventilation methods of drifted headings where diesel-powered vehicles work were presented in the paper. The factors influencing exhaust emission are characterized and harmfulness of both exhaust components: particles and gases is discussed. In order to determine air pollution by diesel particles and gases of both particles and gases were taken. The results statistically analyzed. The ventilation conditions for preserving permissible diesel gases and particle concentration content.
Źródło:
Górnictwo i Geoinżynieria; 2005, 29, 3/1; 419-431
1732-6702
Pojawia się w:
Górnictwo i Geoinżynieria
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ocena narażenia zawodowego na węgiel elementarny w zakładach stosujących maszyny i urządzenia z silnikami wysokoprężnymi
Assessment of occupational exposure to elemental carbon in plants using diesel machinery and equipment
Autorzy:
Szewczyńska, Małgorzata
Kowalska, Joanna
Pośniak, Małgorzata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2188905.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023-05-19
Wydawca:
Instytut Medycyny Pracy im. prof. dra Jerzego Nofera w Łodzi
Tematy:
narażenie zawodowe
ocena narażenia
węgiel elementarny
spaliny silników wysokoprężnych
analiza termo-optyczna
marker spalin Diesla
occupational exposure
exposure assessment
elemental carbon
diesel exhaust
thermo-optical analysis
diesel exhaust marker
Opis:
Wstęp W artykule przedstawiono i omówiono wyniki oznaczania węgla elementarnego (elemental carbon – EC) emitowanego w spalinach silników Diesla (SSD) do powietrza stanowisk pracy, na których były wykorzystywane maszyny i urządzenia z takimi silnikami. Narażenie zawodowe na EC jako marker SSD oceniono, obejmując pomiarami 51 naziemnych stanowisk pracy z obsługą lub konserwacją silników Diesla. Przeprowadzono również pomiary na 9 stanowiskach pracy w kopalniach niewęglowych. Materiał i metody Do pobierania próbek powietrza na stanowiskach pracy maszyn i urządzeń emitujących SSD zlokalizowanych na powierzchni do oznaczania EC wykorzystano próbnik kasetowy bez impaktora z filtrem kwarcowym, a w przypadku pomiarów w kopalniach niewęglowych – próbnik do frakcji respirabilnej typu Higgins-Dewell Cyclone FH022. Do oznaczania EC zastosowano metodę analizy termo-optycznej węgla z wykorzystaniem detektora płomieniowo-jonizacyjnego. Wyniki Analiza wyników pomiarów na stanowiskach pracy zlokalizowanych na powierzchni, tj. w warsztatach samochodowych i hucie stali, wykazała, że największe stężenia EC występowały na stanowiskach pracy związanych z obsługą starych wózków widłowych. Oznaczone tam stężenia EC wynosiły, odpowiednio, 353 μg/m³ i 78 μg/m³. W kopalniach niewęglowych stężenie EC wynosiło natomiast 7,5–50 μg/m³. Wnioski Ocena narażenia na badanych stanowiskach w hucie stali wykazała największe, 7-krotne, przekroczenie najwyższego dopuszczalnego stężenia (NDS) na stanowisku operatora spalinowego wózka widłowego. Na pozostałych badanych stanowiskach pracy w warsztatach samochodowych oznaczone stężenia wynosiły 0,1–0,5 NDS lub <0,1 NDS. W kopalniach niewęglowych oznaczone stężenia odpowiadały natomiast 0,12–1 krotności NDS. Med. Pr. 2023;74(2)
Background This paper presents and discusses the results of the determination of elemental carbon emitted in diesel engine exhaust into the air of workplaces where machines and equipment with diesel engines are used. In order to assess occupational exposure to elemental carbon (EC) as a marker of exhaust gases emitted by diesel engines, 51 ground-based workplaces where people who operate or maintain equipment with this type of engine work were measured. Measurements were also carried out at 9 workplaces in non-coal mines. Material and Methods For air sampling at workplaces of diesel exhaust emitting machines and equipment located on the surface, a cartridge sampler without an impactor with a quartz filter was used for elemental carbon determination, while for measurements in non-coal mines the Higgins-Dewell Cyclone FH022 respirable fraction sampler was used. The thermo-optical carbon analysis method using a flame ionisation detector was used to determine elemental carbon. Results Analysis of the results of the determined elemental carbon concentrations at workplaces located on the ground, i.e., in car repair shops, and in the steelworks where combustion forklifts are operated, showed that the highest concentrations of elemental carbon were determined at the old forklift workplaces in the steelworks. The determined EC concentrations at these workstations were 353 μg/m³ and 78 μg/m³, respectively. In the non-coal mines, elemental carbon concentrations were in the range of 7.5–50 μg/m³. Conclusions Exposure assessment at the surveyed workplace in the steelworks showed the highest 7-fold exceedance of the maximum admissible concentration (MAC) at the position of the combustion forklift operator. At the other surveyed workplaces in the car repair shop the marked concentrations were in the range of 0.1–0.5 MAC or <0.1 MAC. In non-coal mines, the determined concentrations ranged 0.12–1 times the MAC. Med Pr. 2023;74(2)
Źródło:
Medycyna Pracy; 2023, 74, 2; 93-102
0465-5893
2353-1339
Pojawia się w:
Medycyna Pracy
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Electron beam treatment of simulated marine diesel exhaust gases
Autorzy:
Licki, J.
Pawelec, A.
Zimek, Z.
Witman-Zając, S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/148426.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
electron accelerator
electron beam treatment
free radicals
marine diesel exhaust gases
NOx removal
seawater scrubber
Opis:
The exhaust gases from marine diesel engines contain high SO2 and NOx concentration. The applicability of the electron beam flue gas treatment technology for purification of marine diesel exhaust gases containing high SO2 and NOx concentration gases was the main goal of this paper. The study was performed in the laboratory plant with NOx concentration up to 1700 ppmv and SO2 concentration up to 1000 ppmv. Such high NOx and SO2 concentrations were observed in the exhaust gases from marine high-power diesel engines fuelled with different heavy fuel oils. In the first part of study the simulated exhaust gases were irradiated by the electron beam from accelerator. The simultaneous removal of SO2 and NOx were obtained and their removal efficiencies strongly depend on irradiation dose and inlet NOx concentration. For NOx concentrations above 800 ppmv low removal efficiencies were obtained even if applied high doses. In the second part of study the irradiated gases were directed to the seawater scrubber for further purification. The scrubbing process enhances removal efficiencies of both pollutants. The SO2 removal efficiencies above 98.5% were obtained with irradiation dose greater than 5.3 kGy. For inlet NOx concentrations of 1700 ppmv the NOx removal efficiency about 51% was obtained with dose greater than 8.8 kGy. Methods for further increase of NOx removal efficiency are presented in the paper.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2015, 60, No. 3, part 2; 689-695
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wpływ benzo[a]pirenu na własności fosfolipidów surfaktantu płucnego: modelowa analiza toksyczności spalin silników Diesla
Influence of benzo[a]pyrene on properties of the lung surfactant phospholipids: model analysis of diesel exhaust gases toxicity
Autorzy:
Sosnowski, T.
Koliński, M.
Gradoń, L.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2070891.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Inżynierów i Techników Mechaników Polskich
Tematy:
spaliny Diesla
toksyczność
surfaktant płucny
dynamika molekularna
diesel exhaust gases
toxicity
lung surfactant
molecular dynamics
Opis:
Doświadczalnie (waga Langmuird) i teoretycznie (dynamika molekularna) badano oddziaływania fizykochemiczne między benzo[a]pirenem (BAP) i głównym składnikiem surfaktantu płucnego, DPPC. Odnotowano zmiany dynamicznego napięcia powierzchniowego i ściśliwości filmu DPPC na powierzchni woda - powietrze, które wyjaśniono w oparciu o mechanizm wbudowywania się molekuł BAP w monowarstwę DPPC. Przyjmując, że podobne zjawiska przebiegają w naturalnym układzie surfaktantu płucnego, wyniki sugerują jedną z możliwych przyczyn toksyczności spalin silników Diesla.
Physicochemical interactions between benzo[a]pyrene (BAP) and a basic constituent of lung surfactant, DPPC, were studied experimentally (Lang-muir balance) and theoretically (molecular dynamic approach). Changes in dynamic surface tension and compressibility of DPPC film at air - water interface were observed and explained by the incorporation of BAP molecules into DPPC monolayer. Similar phenomena can be of importance during oscillations of lung surface during breathing, so the results suggest a potential mechanism of health effects from diesel exhaust gases inhalation.
Źródło:
Inżynieria i Aparatura Chemiczna; 2010, 2; 115-116
0368-0827
Pojawia się w:
Inżynieria i Aparatura Chemiczna
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wpływ emisji komunikacyjnej na stężenie dwóch form węgla i rozkład ich masy względem wielkości cząstek w aerozolu atmosferycznym obszaru miejskiego
Influence of Vehicular Traffic on Ambient Concentration and Mass Size Distribution of Two Fractions of Carbon in an Urban Area Atmospheric Aerosol
Autorzy:
Rogula-Kozłowska, W.
Rogula-Kopiec, P.
Klejnowski, K.
Błaszczyk, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1819029.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Politechnika Koszalińska. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane
Tematy:
obszar miejski
emisja komunikacyjna
particulate air-pollution
diesel exhaust particles
chemical composition
elemental carbon
organic carbon
road
vehicles
matter
Opis:
Ambient particulate matter (PM) is a component of the natural environment and a certain number of particles that varies with time, having many different properties which also change over time, is constantly present in the air. It can be assumed that the scope of environmental effects of PM is the broadest among all air pollutants: it affects the human health, climate, ecological conditions and visibility. Organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) are the two most important components of suspended dust. The continuously increasing road traffic intensity is highly correlated with increasing concentrations of both of these components in the air of urbanized areas all over the world. In spite of this, the amount of data on OC and EC concentrations in Poland is still insufficient, especially in the case of areas located close to busy roads. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of vehicular traffic on ambient concentrations of PM-related OC and EC, and their mass size distribution in a typical urban area of the Upper Silesia. PM samples were collected simultaneously at two sites located in the Katowice city. One of the selected measurement points was situated in the city centre and characterized so-called urban background. The second measurement point, located near the A4 motorway, was in the area directly exposed to the influence of traffic emission. Dust was sampled during two measurement periods (2–10 August and 15–22 September 2011) using thirteen-stage impactors – DEKATI Ltd. (DLPI, Dekati Low Pressure Impactor). Analysis for the content of OC and EC in the collected dust samples was carried out by means of a thermo-optical method with the use of a Sunset Laboratory OC/EC carbon analyzer. During the entire measurement program strict adherence to the rigorous requirements for quality control of the obtained results was ensured. Concentrations of PM1-, PM2.5- and PM10-related OC and EC in Katowice, near the A4 motorway, were close to values obtained in other parts of the world in different measurement periods, at traffic sites of similar characteristics. Also values of the concentration ratio of OC bound to PM10 and PM2,5 (or PM2,5) were similar to quantities determined in different locations. In Katowice, due to municipal emission and poor quality of vehicles travelling the roads, also the coarse fraction of dust was enriched in EC. This situation is unusual in comparison to other regions. The effect of emission from engines of the cars travelling the motorway manifested itself mainly by elevated EC concentrations compared to the urban background site. For TSP the EC concentration was higher, five times in the beginning of August and two times in the second half of September. The largest differences between EC concentrations in the location near the motorway and in the urban background area were observed for the PM0.06–0.108, PM0.108–0.17 and PM0.17–0.26 fractions. In both measurement periods, at the traffic site in Katowice, the maxima of mass size distribution of EC were in the diameter range characteristic for soot emitted from Diesel engines (0.108–0.26µm). The fact that the influence of exhaust emission from vehicles travelling the motorway on EC concentrations was more pronounced in the second half of September than in the first half of August, was caused by larger EC emission from various sources in Katowice during the period following summer holidays. Concentrations of organic carbon bound to TSP in both measurement periods in Katowice was only 10% higher in the urban traffic site than in the urban background site. The largest differences between OC concentrations near the motorway and in the urban background are observed in the ranges 0.06–0.17 and 1.0–2.5 µm. Maxima of the mass size distribution of PM-related OC, both at the urban traffic site and at the background site, were similar in both measurement periods. It was inferred that the small differences between OC concentrations in the traffic and the background site are caused by the process of secondary aerosol formation, less intensive near the motorway than in the urban site.
Źródło:
Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska; 2013, Tom 15, cz. 2; 1623-1644
1506-218X
Pojawia się w:
Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Spaliny silnika Diesla. Dokumentacja proponowanych wartości dopuszczalnych wielkości narażenia zawodowego
Diesel exhaust
Autorzy:
Czerczak, S.
Szymczak, W.
Lebrecht, G.
Hanke, W.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/138310.pdf
Data publikacji:
2005
Wydawca:
Centralny Instytut Ochrony Pracy
Tematy:
spaliny silnika Diesla
normatywy higieniczne
toksyczność spalin silnika Diesla
epidemiologia
ocena ryzyka
diesel-exhaust
MAC values
toxicity
epidemiology
risk assessment
Opis:
Spaliny silnika Diesla są niepożądanymi produktami spalania olejów napędowych. Narażenie zawodowe na spaliny Diesla występuje m.in. wśród kierowców, pracowników kolei, strażaków, pracowników zajezdni autobusowych i garaży oraz celników, policjantów, górników i operatorów dźwigów. W warunkach narażenia zawodowego spaliny są wchłaniane w układzie oddechowym. Spaliny silnika Diesla zawierają tysiące substancji chemicznych, które występują w postaci gazowej i w postaci cząstek stałych. Cząstki stałe o wymiarach 0,1 ÷ 0,5 µm wchłaniają się bardzo łatwo i kumulują w pęcherzykach płucnych. Mogą pozostawać w nich nawet przez kilkaset dni, co prowadzi do chronicznych zaburzeń w układzie oddechowym, a także potencjalnie działa rakotwórczo. W warunkach narażenia ostrego spaliny wywołują podrażnienie błon śluzowych oczu i górnych dróg oddechowych, bóle oraz zawroty głowy, zmęczenie i nudności. U pracowników narażonych przewlekle na spaliny silnika Diesla stwierdzono częste występowanie obturacyjnych zaburzeń wentylacji płuc. Zależność między narażeniem na spaliny a występowaniem nowotworów złośliwych u ludzi, szczególnie raka płuca, była przedmiotem wielu badań epidemiologicznych. Wartość medialnej dawki śmiertelnej (DL50) dla myszy po dotchawiczym narażeniu na cząstki stałe pochodzące ze spalin wynosi 20 mg/kg, natomiast po dootrzewnowym podaniu chomikom – 1280 mg/kg. Przewlekłe narażenie myszy, szczurów, chomików i kotów nie spowodowało pojawienia się zmian ogólnoustrojowych. Takie parametry, jak: wzrost masy płuc, nagromadzenie obładowanych cząstkami spalin makrofagów, zahamowanie procesu oczyszczania pęcherzyków płucnych, zmiany zapalne w płucach oraz obniżenie dynamicznych wskaźników wentylacji płuc (FEV1 i FVC) były zależne od wielkości stężenia. Wykazano działanie mutagenne i genotoksyczne organicznych ekstraktów cząstek stałych spalin oraz zdolność tworzenia adduktów z DNA. Spaliny silnika Diesla nie są czynnikiem zaburzającym kluczowe etapy procesu rozrodu zwierząt. Cząstki stałe zawarte w spalinach indukują nowotwory płuc u zwierząt doświadczalnych, głównie gruczolaki i gruczolakoraki, przy czym jedynie u szczurów zmiany te były znamienne statystycznie i powtarzalne. Wartość najmniejszego stężenia cząstek stałych w czasie narażenia nie krótszym niż 2 lata, po którym obserwowano zmiany nowotworowe, wynosiła 4 mg/m3. Pomimo informacji o kilku przeprowadzonych badaniach epidemiologicznych osób zawodowo narażonych na spaliny silników Diesla, nie można, z powodu braku ilościowej oceny narażenia w przeszłości, wykorzystać rezultatów tych badań do budowy zależności dawka-odpowiedź. Zatem do ilościowej oceny ryzyka zostaną wykorzystane wyniki badań na zwierzętach. Wartości proponowanych najwyższych dopuszczalnych stężeń (NDS) przy zastosowaniu modelu liniowego będą wynosiły odpowiednio: 5,1 mg/m3, gdy ryzyko wynosi 0,01; 0,51 mg/m3, gdy ryzyko wynosi 0,001 oraz 0,05 mg/m3, gdy ryzyko wynosi 0,0001. Na podstawie przeprowadzonej analizy dostępnych danych z piśmiennictwa oraz ilościowej oceny ryzyka, proponujemy przyjęcie dla spalin silnika Diesla (frakcja respirabilna – cząstki stałe) wartości NDS wynoszącej 0,5 mg/m3. Nie ma podstaw do ustalenia wartości najwyższego dopuszczalnego stężenia chwilowego (NDSCh). Spaliny silnika Diesla są uważane za prawdopodobnie rakotwórcze dla ludzi.
Diesel exhaust contains components of complete combustion such as nitrogen, carbon dioxide and of incomplete combustion such as nitrogen oxides, carbon, monoxide, hydrocarbons, aldehydes, phenols, sulfur compounds, which can cause irritation of the upper respiratory track. Diesel exhaust also produces submicron-sized particles that cause soiling and poor visibility. These particles have been regarded as presenting only a minimal health risk; however, the presence of carcinogens adsorbed on the particles has raised concerns about the potential for lung cancer from exposure to diesel exhaust. Therefore, to establish MAC values for diesel exhaust data from studies on carcinogenic effects in laboratory animals were considered. A linear model was used in considering assessment of the risk for the worker population. Based on acceptable risk 10-3 MAC value for diesel exhaust was calculated to be 0.5 mg/m3. No MAC-STEL values have been established.
Źródło:
Podstawy i Metody Oceny Środowiska Pracy; 2005, 3 (45); 89-133
1231-868X
Pojawia się w:
Podstawy i Metody Oceny Środowiska Pracy
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Badanie rozkładu stężeń wybranych WWA we frakcjach cząstek drobnych emitowanych z silników pojazdów samochodowych
The Distributin of Concentrations Carcinogenic Substances in Fractions of Fine Particles Emitted During the Operation of Motor Vehicles
Autorzy:
Szewczyńska, M.
Pośniak, M.
Dąbrowska, J.
Pyrzyńska, K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1818095.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Politechnika Koszalińska. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane
Tematy:
substancje rakotwórcze
wielopierścieniowe węglowodory aromatyczne (WWA)
rozkład cząstek drobnych
spaliny Diesla
spaliny z benzyny
carcinogenic substances
polyaromatic hydrocarbons
particle size distribution
motor vehicles
diesel exhaust
gasoline exhaust
Opis:
Particulate matter and chemical substances adsorbed by it, such as carcinogenic PAHs, are of massive significance and may negatively impact human health due to the place where they accumulate within the human body, as mentioned in the introduction. The conducted studies have indicated that in addition to diesel engines, also petrol engines may be a potential source of environmental pollution with ultra-fine particles. The text presents the results of the study of carcinogenic substances (PAH) in particulate matter emitted in the exhaust gases of diesel and petrol engines. An Electric Low Pressure Impactor (ELPI) was used to measure the size of particulate matter in real time and to establish the distribution of particulate matter size present in the exhaust gases. Also using the ELPI, fractions smaller than 0.25 µm were separated and then, in order to establish PAH concentrations, the material collected on the impactor level filters cutting off the 0.4-0.03 µm fractions was analysed. The observed numerical, dimensional, surface, volume and mass concentration distribution values for the exhaust gases from a petrol engine corresponded to, respectively, 0.93; 0.75; 0.89; 2.05; and 1.38% of the values recorded for diesel exhaust gases. The calculated aver-age PAH concentrations adsorbed on small fractions for emissions from the tested engines also indicated a reduction of emissions of tested compounds in the case of petrol engine operation. The largest total PAH concentration, i.e. 35 ng, was marked in fractions smaller than 0.1 µm of fine particulate matter emitted in diesel engine exhaust, whereas in the case of a petrol engine, it amounted to 11 ng m-3 and was marked in the 0.4 µm fraction. Benzo(a)pyrene was at a maximum concentration of 1.3 ng m-3 in the fine particulate matter fraction with the aerodynamic diameter of 0.1 µm in the diesel engine exhaust gases and respectively in the 0.4 µm fraction in the petrol engine exhaust gases. Measurements have indicated that the particulate matter in fraction below 0.4 µm is emitted into the environment by the emissions from diesel engine exhaust and, to a lesser degree, also from petrol engine exhaust. The studies have not indicated the tendency of individual PAH com-pounds to be adsorbed only on single fractions of particulate matter with specific dimensions.
Źródło:
Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska; 2016, Tom 18, cz. 2; 74-85
1506-218X
Pojawia się w:
Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Exposure to diesel exhaust fumes in the context of exposure to ultrafine particles
Autorzy:
Bujak-Pietrek, Stella
Mikołajczyk, Urszula
Kamińska, Irena
Cieślak, Małgorzata
Szadkowska-Stańczyk, Irena
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2177429.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016-07-04
Wydawca:
Instytut Medycyny Pracy im. prof. dra Jerzego Nofera w Łodzi
Tematy:
occupational exposure
ultrafine particles
diesel engine exhaust
particles number concentration
particles surface area concentration
SEM/EDS analysis
Opis:
Objectives Diesel exhaust fumes emission is a significant source of ultrafine particles, the size of which is expressed in nanometers. People occupationally exposed to diesel exhaust particles include mainly workers servicing vehicles with engines of this type. This article presents the analysis of measurements of ultrafine particle concentrations occurring in the bus depot premises during the work connected with everyday technical servicing of buses. Material and Methods The measurements were carried out in the everyday servicing (ES) room of the bus depot before, during and after the work connected with bus servicing. Determinations included: particle concentrations in terms of particle number and particle surface area, and mass concentrations of aerosol. Results Mean value of number concentration of 10- to 1000-nm particles increased almost 20-fold, from 7600 particles/cm³ before starting bus servicing procedures to 130 000 particles/cm³ during the bus servicing procedures in the room. During the procedures, the mean surface area concentration of particles potentially deposited in the alveolar (A) region was almost 3 times higher than that of the particles depositing in the tracheo-bronchial (TB) region: 356.46 μm²/cm³ vs. 95.97 μm²/cm³, respectively. The mass concentration of the fraction of particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter 0.02–1 μm (PM₁) increased 5-fold during the analyzed procedures and was 0.042 mg/m³ before, and 0.298 mg/m³ while the procedures continued. Conclusions At the time when bus servicing procedures continued in the ES room, a very high increase in all parameters of the analyzed particles was observed. The diesel exhaust particles exhibit a very high degree of fragmentation and, while their number is very high and their surface area is very large, their mass concentration is relatively low. The above findings confirm that ultrafine particles found in diesel exhaust fumes may be harmful to the health of the exposed people, and to their respiratory tract in particular.
Źródło:
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health; 2016, 29, 4; 667-682
1232-1087
1896-494X
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Evaluation of exposure to nano-sized particles among transport and vehicle service workers
Autorzy:
Bujak-Pietrek, Stella
Mikołajczyk, Urszula
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2087543.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-11-19
Wydawca:
Instytut Medycyny Pracy im. prof. dra Jerzego Nofera w Łodzi
Tematy:
ultrafine particles
particle number concentration
particle surface area concentration
nanoparticles exposure
diesel engine exhaust
particle number size distribution
Opis:
BackgroundExposure to fine and ultrafine particles from transport processes is a main consequence of emissions from engines, especially those with self-ignition. The particles released in these processes are a source of occupational and environmental particles exposure. The aim of this study was to assess the fine and nano-sized particles emission degree during work connected with transport and vehicle servicing.Material and MethodsThe tests were carried out at 3 workplaces of vehicles service and maintenance (a car repair workshop, a truck service hall, and a bus depot) during 1 work day in each of them. Measurements were performed using the following devices: DISCmini meters, GRIMM 1.109 optical counter and the DustTrak monitor. The number, surface area and mass concentration, and the number size distribution were analyzed.ResultsThe mean number concentration (DISCmini) increased during the analyzed processes, ranging from 4×104 p/cm3 to 8×104 p/cm3, and the highest concentration was found in the car repair workshop. The particles mean diameters during the processes ranged 31–47 nm, depending on the process. An increase in the surface area concentration value was observed in correlation with the particles number, and its highest concentration (198 m2/cm3) was found during work in the car repair workshop. The number size distribution analysis (GRIMM 1.109) showed the maximum value of the number concentration for particles sized 60 nm. The mean mass concentrations increased during the tested processes by approx. 40–70%, as compared to the background.ConclusionsAccording to the measurement results, all the workplaces under study constituted a source of an increase in all analyzed parameters characterizing emissions of nano-sized particles. Such working environment conditions can be harmful to the exposed workers; therefore, at such workplaces solutions for minimizing workers’ exposure, such as fume hoods or respiratory protection, should be used. Med Pr. 2021;72(5):489–500
Źródło:
Medycyna Pracy; 2021, 72, 5; 489-500
0465-5893
2353-1339
Pojawia się w:
Medycyna Pracy
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Occupational Exposure to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons During Diesel Combustion
Autorzy:
Pośniak, M.
Makhniashvili, I.
Kozieł, E.
Kowalska, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/90764.pdf
Data publikacji:
2003
Wydawca:
Centralny Instytut Ochrony Pracy
Tematy:
diesel combustion exhaust
occupational exposure
workplace air
carcinogenic compounds
PAHs
narażenie zawodowe
ekspozycja
zagrożenia chemiczne
zagrożenia zdrowia
nowotwory
spaliny
Opis:
Identification and determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Diesel exhaust in the working environment and assessment of workers’ occupational exposure to these suspected human carcinogens were the aim of this experimental investigation. The range of exposure factors calculated on the basis of 9 individual PAH concentrations determined in personal air samples shows that time-averaged concentration of these compounds did not exceed the Polish Maximum Admissible Concentration (MAC) value for PAHs, that is, 2 µg x m-3. The highest concentrations of PAHs were determined in the breathing zone of forklift operators. The maximum exposure factor was 0.427 µg x m-3(about 1/4 of MAC).
Źródło:
International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics; 2003, 9, 1; 17-26
1080-3548
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Concept and models for evaluation of black and white smoke components in diesel engine exhaust
Autorzy:
Blayankinshtein, I.
Askhabov, A.
Voevodin, E.
Kashura, A.
Malchikov, S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/374154.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Politechnika Śląska. Wydawnictwo Politechniki Śląskiej
Tematy:
test of diesel
opacity estimates
toxicity of the exhaust gases diesel engines
test oleju napędowego
ocena nieprzezroczystości
toksyczność spalinowych silników wysokoprężnych
Opis:
A method for measuring exhaust smoke opacity has been developed, which allows estimating the differentiated components forming black exhaust and those forming white smoke. The method is based on video recording and special software for processing the video recording data. The flow of the diesel exhaust gas is visualised using the digital camera, against the background of the screen, on a cut of an exhaust pipe, and with sufficient illumination of the area. The screen represents standards of whiteness and blackness. The content of the black components (soot) is determined by the degree of blackening of the white standard in the frames of the video, and the content of whitish components (unburned fuel and oil, etc.) is determined by the degree of whitening of black standard on the frames of the video. The paper describes the principle and the results of testing the proposed method of measuring exhaust smoke opacity. We present an algorithm for the frame-by-frame analysis of the video sequence, and static and dynamic mathematical models of exhaust opacity, measured under free-acceleration of a diesel engine.
Źródło:
Transport Problems; 2017, 12, 3; 83-91
1896-0596
2300-861X
Pojawia się w:
Transport Problems
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Self-regeneration method of diesel particulate filter
Autorzy:
Mitianiec, W.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/950135.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
diesel engines
exhaust emission
DPF
Opis:
Compression ignition engines have no possibility for self-regeneration of DPF and regeneration requires additional energy for soot combustion (additional fuel or electric energy) after some period of the engine work as a result of closing of substrate pores by soot. The innovation method takes into account a self-regeneration of diesel particle filter by use of special heat recovery system. The paper shows one of possible design of DPF self-regeneration. The exhaust temperature behind the turbine and catalytic converter is very low and for an increasing of gas temperature before DPF, the heat from soot combustion can be used. The preliminary studies show a possibility of using the special design of DPF with heat recovery system. The paper presents results obtained from simulations based on one-dimensional model of such system and analysis of increasing the heat recovery ratio by change of geometry of DPF. The gas heat exchange formulas between DPF and the heat exchange model are partly included in the paper. The preliminary results of calculations show the possibility of increase of exhaust gases in front of DPF about 20%, which enables a continuous regeneration of DPF. Heat recovery ratio is depends on soot combustion rate on the wall of DPF monolith. The method enables to recover some part of energy which is lost in the conventional DPF. The paper is a part of further work in European project FP6 IPSY.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2010, 17, 1; 273-281
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Comperative analysis of emision from engine fuelled with diesel and bio-diesel
Autorzy:
Koszałka, G.
Hunicz, J.
Kordos, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/242081.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
diesel engine
alternative fuel
bio-diesel
exhaust emissions
Opis:
The paper presents comparative analysis of operational parameters, smoke emission and toxic components contents in exhaust gases of a compression ignition engine fuelled with fossil diesel, commercial bio-diesel (fatty acid methyl ester) and their blend. Measurements were conducted on an older generation diesel engine equipped with in-line injection pump. Engine was operated in conditions of full load rotational speed characteristic and also ESC steady-state test cycle. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) analytical system provided contents of 23 exhaust gas components. In particular chosen parameters of investigated fuels (on the base of quality reports), performance and fuel consumption characteristic versus rotational speed, smoke emission (D) and content of carbon monoxide (CO), unburned hydrocarbons (THC) and nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulphur dioxide (S02) and carbon dioxide (CO2) in exhaust gas of the engine fuelled with investigated fuels, emission of specific hydrocarbons of the engine fuelled with investigated fuels, of non-regulated compounds measured during the research, molar mass of analyzed exhaust compounds are presented in the paper.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2009, 16, 3; 165-171
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The influence of fuel aromatics on diesel exhaust emission
Autorzy:
Glugorijevic, R.
Jevtic, J.
Borak, D.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/243189.pdf
Data publikacji:
2007
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
diesel fuel
aromatics
exhaust emission
Opis:
Current and future air quality is a worldwide concern, which has resulted in both a continuous tightening of emissions legislation for vehicles and a parallel tightening of fuel specifications. The automotive and oil industry across the globe especially in EU, USA and Japan have in each case made considerable efforts to understand the relationship between vehicle emissions, urban air quality, engine technologies and fuels, and to meet the more and more stringent legislation. The supply of automotive fuels today is based almost entirely on petroleum.The quality requirements of diesel fuels become more and more stricter and it will continue in the next decades, because the clean engines need clean fuels. Therefore, fuels of low emission become significant factor in reducing toxic emission which pollutes the environment. With the introduce of low sulfur diesel fuel, the effect of sulfur become less significant. Other fuel properties such as aromatics content i.e. composition thus becomes more important. From this aspect it is investigated the affect of simultaneous addition of mono+-, di+ - and tri+-aromatics into low-sulfur diesel fuel. Obtained results show that aromatics composition has the effect on diesel exhaust emission.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2007, 14, 2; 161-170
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł

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