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Tytuł:
Ten „zły” Berman? Słowo o książce Piotra Rypsona
The “Evil” Berman? On the Book by Piotr Rypson
Autorzy:
Więcek-Gigla, Aleksandra
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/534674.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego
Tematy:
Berman
photomontage
graphic design
propaganda
Opis:
he text discusses a monograph by Piotr Rypson about Mieczysław Berman. When we consider Czerwony monter [The Red Assembler], however, we need to refer to a concept that is closely akin, namely, Andrzej Leder’s take on revolution. What is underscored here is Berman’s composite photographs since, as the author of this discussion believes and expands upon in her text – they depict most accurately the times of the photo designer’s life. He is considered the creator of the communist propaganda’s graphical language. And that is probably why a considerable period has had to elapse before he became again considered “worthy” of the scholarly interest. It seems, in this day and age, important to reconsider the works of this world-renown “assembler” of red propaganda, merely in order to trace the remnants of his style in the graphic-design culture of today.
Źródło:
Śląskie Studia Polonistyczne; 2019, 13, 1; 179-188
2084-0772
2353-0928
Pojawia się w:
Śląskie Studia Polonistyczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ten „zły” Berman? Słowo o książce Piotra Rypsona
The “Evil” Berman? On the Book by Piotr Rypson
Autorzy:
Więcek-Gigla, Aleksandra
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/534844.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego
Tematy:
Berman
photomontage
graphic design
propaganda
Opis:
The text discusses a monograph by Piotr Rypson about Mieczysław Berman. When we consider Czerwony monter [The Red Assembler], however, we need to refer to a concept that is closely akin, namely, Andrzej Leder’s take on revolution. What is underscored here is Berman’s composite photographs since, as the author of this discussion believes and expands upon in her text – they depict most accurately the times of the photo designer’s life. He is considered the creator of the communist propaganda’s graphical language. And that is probably why a considerable period has had to elapse before he became again considered “worthy” of the scholarly interest. It seems, in this day and age, important to reconsider the works of this world-renown “assembler” of red propaganda, merely in order to trace the remnants of his style in the graphic-design culture of today.
Źródło:
Śląskie Studia Polonistyczne; 2019, 13, 1; 179-188
2084-0772
2353-0928
Pojawia się w:
Śląskie Studia Polonistyczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Natchnieni rzemieślnicy 4.0
Exalted craftsmen 4.0
Autorzy:
Siewczyński, Borys
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1835739.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
Tematy:
BIM
grafika projektowa
projektowanie zintegrowane
budownictwo 4.0
design graphic
integrated design
construction 4.0
Opis:
W artykule podjęto próbę skonfrontowania współczesnych idei i uwarunkowań projektowania zintegrowanego i wirtualizacji cyfrowego środowiska projektowego z ideałami Bauhausu oraz uchwycenia możliwych podobieństw, rozbieżności, elementów niezmiennych, wynikających z samej natury procesu twórczego czy ludzkiej natury „rzemieślników” – projektantów i artystów – interdyscyplinarnie współtworzących dzieła architektoniczne w rzeczywistości budownictwa 4.0. Ukazano, że projektowanie interdyscyplinarne wspierane przez technologie cyfrowe może w naturalny sposób stać się praktyczną realizacją idei Gropiusa. Zwrócono uwagę, że ucząc się wzajemnego szacunku, doskonaląc umiejętności organizacyjne, techniczne i koordynacyjne zespołów projektowych, mamy szansę wciąż dostrzegać i doceniać znaczenie elementu niezbędnego – Gropiusowskiego natchnienia – artystycznej iskry często lekceważonej w stechnicyzowanej rzeczywistości. Podkreślono aktualność nauczania Bauhausu, ukazując ponadczasową rolę grafiki jako niezbędnego elementu procesu projektowego.
The article attempts to confront contemporary BIM ideas and conditions of integrated design and virtualization of the digital design environment with the Bauhaus ideas and to capture possible similarities, discrepancies, unchanging elements – resulting from the very nature of the design process or the human nature of “craftsmen” – designers and artists – interdisciplinary co-creating architectural works in the contemporary reality of construction 4.0. It has been shown that interdisciplinary design supported by digital technologies can naturally become a practical implementation of the idea of Gropius. It was pointed out that by learning mutual respect, improving the organizational, technical, and coordination skills of project teams, we have a chance to still notice and appreciate the importance of the essential element – Gropius’ inspiration – an artistic spark that is often neglected in the contemporary technicized reality. By showing the timeless role of design graphics as an indispensable element of the design process, the topicality of the Bauhaus teaching was emphasized.
Źródło:
Architectus; 2020, Nr 4 (64); 89-96
1429-7507
2084-5227
Pojawia się w:
Architectus
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Obraz jako argument w humanistyce
Image as Argument in the Humanities
Autorzy:
Starakiewicz, Maja
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/579130.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Łódzkie Towarzystwo Naukowe
Tematy:
image
visualisation
humanities
diagram
graphic design
Opis:
Popular belief about contemporary visual culture says that it is a space of either disinformation or communication chaos. Many humanities scholars are very critical about so called pictorial turn in culture, although the use of this term in this context is actually inappropriate, as pictorial turn was originally used to name the birth of visual studies as a separate academic field. The paper studies some other common misunderstandings about using images in scholarly communication and teaching and also presents some basic ideas how those may be overcome. The article presents the graphic designer's point of view, which seems to be supplementary, but in fact is needful in rapidly changing humanities.
Źródło:
Zagadnienia Rodzajów Literackich; 2017, 60, 3 (123); 67-81
0084-4446
Pojawia się w:
Zagadnienia Rodzajów Literackich
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ochrona własności intelektualnej w obszarze komunikacji wizualnej
Protection of intellectual property rights in the field of graphic design
Autorzy:
Ścibiorska-Kowalczyk, Izabela
Kowalczyk, Jarosław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/570188.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu
Tematy:
intellectual property
graphic design
copyrights law
trademarks
Opis:
The purpose of this article is to present specific problems related to the violation of intellectual property in the field of visual communication and an attempt to identify more effective ways to protect it. Legal protection works in the area of visual communication do not guarantee respect for intellectual property. Jurisprudence encounters problems at the core of which is the discretionary nature of the assessment of the originality of artistic works. The article presents case studies that illustrate this state very clearly. Many artists do not enter a legal challenge in the case of plagiarism of their projects because of the uncertain effect of the procedure and troublesome and sometimes even expensive process. In case of violation of someone else’s intellectual property rights in respect of the works belonging to the area of visual communication the attitude of the designer is essential. Very important are also circumstances in which there is a breach of intellectual property. The analysis of these circumstances can be a starting point to searching for effective ways to prevent the infringement of intellectual property, with particular emphasis on the indication of the illusory benefits of this practice, obtained in such a specific field as visual communication. Possible courses of action in order to reduce the practice of intellectual property violations were proposed. The analysis of these measures is based on the concept of searching for the maximum benefit that can be achieved in co-operation of the designer with the customer. The analyses of individual situations lead to a conclusion that the designer has a maximum benefit when he fully realizes the original design, created as a result of a reasonably long and conducted with due diligence and thoroughness of the design process. Accordingly, strong emotional involvement in the project also creates a unique opportunity for artistic effect. Such a project, entitles the creator to a sufficiently high salary and provides him with an opportunity to promote and achieve further attractive orders. The customer has a maximum benefit in a situation when he receives a unique design, valuable in terms of art, that gives rise to the effective marketing activities. In the high-potential project the opportunities of reimbursement for the costs should be sought. The sphere of visual communication enters a period of formation of the patterns of behavior, including ethical ones. In an era of increasing competition not only the talent and artistic competence of the designer begins to count, but also the model of design process preferred by him and an opinion about him in the environment. It is also the place to assess the ethical behavior of designers and include it into the evaluation process of their selection by the customer. The attitude of the designer is of vital importance to the avoidance of a violation of intellectual property of somebody else. Equally important is the correct relationship between
Źródło:
Ekonomia XXI Wieku; 2014, 2(2); 93-105
2353-8929
Pojawia się w:
Ekonomia XXI Wieku
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Historia prac badawczych w projektowaniu graficznym
A history of research in graphic design
Autorzy:
Piechota, J.
Urbańska, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/128478.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Centralny Ośrodek Badawczo-Rozwojowy Przemysłu Poligraficznego
Tematy:
projektowanie graficzne
prace badawcze
graphic design
research work
Opis:
Research work in graphic design have become a quintessential element of the design process, particularly in those cases when the explicit role of the consumer must be taken into account. The research in design helps to discover and to create the knowledge by pushing in a particular direction. These processes are systematic and conscious approach to solve a posted problem. There are two kinds of research in this aspect: the bibliographic research to retrieve sources of existing knowledge, and the empirical research to create the new knowledge. The methodology of research depends on the needs and the character of the projects, while the research goals remain unchanged in both cases. The most important goals are: information retrieval and gathering, specification of design problems, answering questions, systematic verification of assumptions and hypotheses. Research allows building robust design tools and effective solution synopsis or suggestion.
Źródło:
Acta Poligraphica; 2014, 4; 33-44
2299-9981
Pojawia się w:
Acta Poligraphica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Anniversary Emblem & Logotype Designs
Autorzy:
Okur, Çağlar
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/628415.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Fundacja Pro Scientia Publica
Tematy:
Emblem & logotype design
graphic design
public relations
anniversary
anniversary emblem designs
Opis:
Corporate anniversaries are mostly used as a promotional event to increase the value of corporate identity of firms, business enterprises or their brands. They are also used to create investment trust or strengthen the relations between, employees and customers. What makes corporate anniversaries meaningful is the importance of their moral value of continuity. Signs that are designed to identify these moral values and indicate the anniversaries can be defined as “anniversary emblems.” The design and uniqueness of these emblems are important in the means of being remarkable and memorable. Thus creative and unique results can be achieved by converting the numbers of anniversaries into expressive signs. This article focuses on existing design approaches and examples of anniversary emblem designs.
Źródło:
Journal of Education Culture and Society; 2015, 6, 2; 285-295
2081-1640
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Education Culture and Society
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Legenda i zasady gestaltyzmu w graficznym projektowaniu treści mapy
Legend and gestalt rules in graphic design of map contents
Autorzy:
Medyńska-Gulij, B.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/204370.pdf
Data publikacji:
2007
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Geograficzne
Tematy:
gestaltyzm
projektowanie graficzne
mapa
legenda
gestalt
graphic design
map
legend
Opis:
Treścią artykułu jest określenie roli legendy w graficznym projektowaniu mapy z uwzględnieniem zasad gestaltyzmu. Zaproponowano schemat projektowania znaków kartograficznych na przykładzie legendy i fragmentu mapy.
The aim of the article is to discuss the role of legend in the graphic design of maps according to gestalt rules. Cartographers and map users face the problem of dual perception of maps. On the one hand they are perceived as a consistent graphic form and on the other as a picture composed of many elements, which are often perceived separately. Especially in the case of thematic maps the process is complex, because elements of thematic contents are visually preferred over base contents. Fig. 1 presents a suggested sequence of steps during the process of map design. The aim of these 8 steps is to provide legend signs with appropriate graphic attributes according to gestalt rules: 1. Grouping of signs according to thematic and base contents, using a horizontal setup of signs in the legend. 2. Initial preparation of graphic signs in the legend - project of visual variables for each sign. 3. Graphic design of the elements of map contents which are not present in the legend, e.g. lettering, background. 4. Selection of vital map fragments, e.g. those with large areas of dense thematic or base contents, or with many names. 5. Application of initial graphic parameters on selected vital areas. 6. Analysis of visual variables of signs according to gestalt rules (basing on a comparison of horizontal sign setup and the visualization of map fragments). 7. Verification of graphic parameters of signs in the legend and other signs used on the map. 8. Horizontal setup of elements of map contents after the verification of graphic parameters (the final graphic version of all the signs and lettering on the map). The above scheme was applied to design signs for a tourist map. The evolution of graphic parameters can be observed in legend signs (fig. 2-5) and map fragments (fig. 6-8). The graphic form of all the signs should be checked, preferably at an early stage of map elaboration, by verifying how they work on selected, 'vital' map fragments. Application of gestalt rules in the process of map elaboration can also significantly influence the design of particular signs.
Źródło:
Polski Przegląd Kartograficzny; 2007, T. 39, nr 2, 2; 137-145
0324-8321
Pojawia się w:
Polski Przegląd Kartograficzny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Działalność Towarzystwa Polska Sztuka Stosowana (1901-1913) – próby nawiązania współpracy między producentami, projektantami i odbiorcami
Autorzy:
Wójcik, Agata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1186519.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Kardynała Stefana Wyszyńskiego w Warszawie
Tematy:
the Polish Applied Art Society
design
applied art
kilims
furniture
graphic design
Opis:
Active between 1901–1903, the Polish Applied Art Society (the TPSS), sought to achieve three essential aims: ‘to spread admiration for Polish applied art, to facilitate its development and to introduce it to the industry’. This article presents the activities of the TPSS, whose aim was to establish cooperation with manufacturers and workshops as well as to acquire commissions from institutions and private individuals. Under this cooperation, the TPSS opened competitions, provided designs or employed artists as artistic directors. The Society succeeded in establishing cooperation with a number of printing and publishing houses; it also finalised an agreement with Antonina Sikorska’s kilim workshop, Czernichów. What is more, by employing TPSS members as artistic directors, it exerted influence on ceramics manufacturing in J. Niedźwiecki & Co. Faience Factory in Dębniki and on that of stained glass in Stanisław Gabriel Żeleński’s Stained Glass and Mosaic Works in Krakow. The TPSS was also commissioned to design interiors and furniture by private individuals and by institutions. However, no cooperation was established with any furniture factory. Contrary to its plans, the Society did not succeed in directly influencing furniture manufacturing; its activities had the features of exclusive artistic craft. This is also how they were received by the audience. Summing up and closing its activities, the Society set a goal for Polish applied art, which would be to create two types of businesses – ones which would manufacture things ‘of quality, in design, material, and workmanship’ and others for ‘machine manufacturing’ and producing cheap objects without, however, ‘lowering standards of taste and workmanship’.
Źródło:
Załącznik Kulturoznawczy; 2019, 6; 105-119
2392-2338
Pojawia się w:
Załącznik Kulturoznawczy
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Attractive lives on attractive pages. Polish illustrated biographical books for young readers
Autorzy:
Wincencjusz-Patyna, Anita
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1388159.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016-05-29
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Gdański. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Gdańskiego
Tematy:
illustrated biographies
book graphic design
Marta Ignerska
Agata Dudek
Gdańsk
Opis:
This paper focuses on an exceptionally interesting kind of books dedicated to young readers, quite popular recently in Poland, namely picture biography books for children and teenagers. Polish publishing houses, especially Muchomor from Warsaw, for the last few years have been coming up with a number of intriguing titles, both in the matter of words, and also in their graphic contents, especially the series “Gdansk Trilogy”. Brave ideas, young talents, novel artistic solutions, and original illustrations make the lives of famous people, not so very well-known figures and some unknown names – from both far and near, homeland and neighbourhood history – attractive reading matter. The author also looks back at the history of Polish illustrations included in biographies published in the second half of the 20th century. By combining the traditions of Polish applied graphic art with its up-to-date condition the author wants to trace the impact of the old and the novelty of contemporary books. She wants to stress the expressive power of an image turning illustrations into independent works of art. The number of illustrations and the graphic concept of an up-to-date language of visual forms make them genuine picture stories (especially in the designs by Ignerska). By means of comparative analyses of form and style, as well as a theory of image, she is going to focus on features of the visual side of the aforementioned books. The author would also like to stress the change in the way of perceiving the common history of places with such a complicated history as Gdańsk itself (in which Elisabeth and Johannes Hevelius, Fahrenheit, Schopenhauer, despite their German roots, are treated as part of the common heritage).
Źródło:
Problemy Wczesnej Edukacji; 2016, 34, 3; 107-117
1734-1582
2451-2230
Pojawia się w:
Problemy Wczesnej Edukacji
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
„Український” дизайн „Українського Календаря” як візуалізація національної ідентичності українців Польщі
“Ukrainian” Design of the “Ukrainian Calendar” as a Visual Representation of Ukrainians in Poland
Autorzy:
Kosiw, Wasyl
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1790566.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016-02-02
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
Tematy:
Ukrainian Calendar
graphic design
cover design
layout
national identity
visual representation
folk patterns
modernist design
Opis:
The article deals with the graphic design of the “Ukrainian Calendar” – an annual publication that was issued by the Ukrainian community in Poland in the period 1957–1988. Different communication and stylistic constructions were designed to represent national identity in a number of ways. Folk art patterns would illustrate a rich tradition, adding a ‘peasant’ connotation at the same time. Traditional costumes from Central Ukraine, Cossack in particular, would communicate the idea of national unity. Graphic quotations from manuscripts and early printed books as well as historical forms of the Cyrillic alphabet would describe Ukraine’s great history and cultural development through the centuries. Motifs from Kyiv Rus and Cossack art would remind viewers of the tradition of state-building. Concerning the overall style of the publication, there were symmetrically balanced and pattern-decorated layouts as well as the dynamic positioning of stylized elements. Several issues of the Calendar demonstrate attempts to modernize the national image. With ‘op-art’, ‘pop-art’ and ‘international style’ designs they shape Ukrainian identity as being contemporary and global. Generally, the publication illustrates the tensions between the traditional and modern; it is also a ‘hybrid’ between Diaspora and Soviet periodicals of the time.
Źródło:
Studia Ucrainica Varsoviensia; 2016, 4; 393-411
2299-7237
Pojawia się w:
Studia Ucrainica Varsoviensia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Projekt cyfrowego wzornika krojów pism na urządzenia mobilne
The project of a mobile device digital type specimen based on Aquafadas software
Autorzy:
Kiełczewska, K.
Markowski, L.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/128561.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Centralny Ośrodek Badawczo-Rozwojowy Przemysłu Poligraficznego
Tematy:
wzornik czcionek
krój pisma
urządzenie mobilne
projektowanie graficzne
stencil fonts
type specimen
mobile device
graphic design
Opis:
In mobile media, there are many interesting apps about typography, but only few are equipped with tools that allow exploring the important role of typography in graphic design. This article presents several examples of digital typeface catalogues. Based on these examples and tools of Aquafadas DPS and Adobe InDesign software, an original app SPECIMEN for tablets has been created. For this purpose, 15 different typefaces have been chosen. The created app presents all the characteristics of type-faces and possibilities of their use. The E-catalogue also contains the information about the available license, which is important when planning the purchase. The information about the languages of prepared sets of characters is presented. An equally important part about the designers includes short biographical notes, lists other important typefaces designed by them and links to the websites where one can find many more interesting, completed projects. This project has been tested, and on the basis of it, there have been made a number of proposals and described advantages and disadvantages of the Aquafadas DPS software.
Źródło:
Acta Poligraphica; 2016, 8; 45-60
2299-9981
Pojawia się w:
Acta Poligraphica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Okładki polskich wydań utworów Jane Austen po 1989 roku
Autorzy:
Elżbieta, Koziołkiewicz,
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/897104.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-11-01
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
Tematy:
Jane Austen
book cover
graphic design
movie tie-in edition
book series
reception of Austen in Poland
Opis:
The graphic designs proposed by Polish publishers cannot be compared neither in number, nor in diversity to those presented by Margaret C. Sullivan in Jane Austen Cover to Cover: 200 Years of Classic Book Covers. Nevertheless, they are a valuable and still undiscussed source of knowledge on the Polish reception of Austen’s novels. Further information on this subject is provided in the first part of the paper by a compilation of book series in which some or all of the texts by Austen have appeared since the 1990s. The analysis of the book covers takes into consideration the relation between the design and the content of the narrative as well as the character of the artwork and its origin. The most popular were 19th century paintings (portraits, genre scenes, less frequently landscapes), film stills from the movie adaptations and floral patterns. As one of the aims of the study was to answer the question how the covers direct the reading process and place the text in the literary tradition, the remarks on the publishers’ choices were supplemented with the readers’ reviews. In the conclusion, it was suggested how the potential, new editions could be designed to stand out from the former ones.
Źródło:
Przegląd Humanistyczny; 2019, 63(2 (465)); 91-104
0033-2194
Pojawia się w:
Przegląd Humanistyczny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Schematy komunikacji miejskiej - spojrzenie kartografa
Public transport maps - the look of a cartographer
Autorzy:
Mućko, A.
Opach, T.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/204329.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Geograficzne
Tematy:
schematy transportu publicznego
grafika użytkowa
grafika informacyjna
polskie schematy komunikacji
transportation map
graphic design
information design
Polish public transport maps
Opis:
Schematy komunikacji miejskiej są jednym z bardziej rozpowszechnionych sposobów graficznej prezentacji informacji przestrzennej. Mimo że sporządzane są co najmniej od lat międzywojennych, nie wypracowano szczegółowych zasad ich redakcji. W artykule omówiono najważniejsze zagadnienia związane z przygotowaniem takich schematów. Zwrócono szczególną uwagę na schematyzację, geometryzację i dobór stylu. Wskazano kluczowe problemy ich redakcji, m.in. prezentację przystanków, punktów węzłowych i odcinków z nagromadzeniem linii. Omówiono również wybrane schematy komunikacji polskich miast.
Schemes of urban transportation systems are used everyday by millions of people all around the world. Their preparation, however, still raises disputes. Optimal ways of presenting bus or tram lines and changing nodes have been sought for many years. A schematic way of presenting transportation network is not new. As early as in the third century B.C. a scheme known as Tabula Peutingeriana was developed in the Roman Empire. It showed imperial roads stretching from the British Isles to Ceylon. A revolution in the methods of preparation of transportation schemes took place between the world wars, when in 1931 H. Beck suggested a simplified map ofthe London underground. His map was updated and modernized, the concept, however, remained the same. It became the standard, although indMdual authors introduce certain modifications. As a result there appeared several scheme 'styles': classical, French, Scandinavian and Dutch (A. Morrison 1996). Schemes of urban transportation networks show high variety of contents and graphic design, but the problems encountered during their preparation are similar. Level of schematization is the key issue. Information has to be simplified and limited so that the conveyed contents is comprehensible and the picture as simple as possible. As a result spatial relations of objects are partially altered and geographical location changed. Nevertheless the scheme of network can be considered accurate. One of the types of schematization is geometrization, which presents routes in straight lines (vertical, horizontal or at 45°). Also lines at 0°, 30°, 60°, 90° are often used. It is important to select a proper style of a scheme and schematization, but also to appropriately show stops, changing points and nodes. Another challenge is to present routes which are used by several transportation lines. Showing many parallel lines affects functionality of the scheme; it is especially unfavorable in the case of dense bus lines. Proper numbering of lines, which makes it easy to follow the routes and choose connections, is also vital. During the preparation of a transportation scheme one should consider how detailed the contents, main and background, should be. The assumption is that bus lines generally require more detailed city topography, while other means of transportation can be presented against a more basie background. One should not forget levels of reading (S. Bonin 1989). The contents concerning transportation should be well exposed (lines, nodes, stops) and geographical context moved into the background. The type of background affects readability and differentiation of linear symbols (A. Morrrison 1996). Transportation network should be presented in such a way, that it would not be mistaken for elements of background. Polish transportation schemes are not different from those from other countries: most of them are poor or average, a few (mainly tram lines) can be considered good. The scheme of Warsaw tram network is interesting from a methodological point of view. Its graphic form is also well thought over. Most schemes present a single means of transportation, probably because they are easier to prepare. For bus lines the simplest (classical) approach is most common. In the case of tram lines, most editors surprisingly opt for the same style - French, which results in highly geometricized contents with relatively poor background contents. Maps presenting more than one means of transportation cause more editorial problems. For that reason for many major Polish cities (Kraków, Łódź, Wrocław and Poznań) there is no complete online scheme of all the public transportation. Warsaw has such a map, but it is not a proper scheme, but rather a simplified city plan with overlaid transportation contents. Few Polish cities have schemes of two means of transportation. A well designed and thought over scheme of Szczecin presents buses in classical and trams in French style. Schemes of Gdańsk and Toruń are surprising because they look more like preliminary sketches than finished maps, which could be used by e.g. foreign tourists. Aesthetically the worst are schemes from Gorzów and Toruń. The scheme from Gorzów has a strikingly infantile form, while the one from Toruń lacks it completely. The difficulty in preparing good transportation schemes results from the lack of unified rules of editing and evaluating such maps. Transportation schemes are a sort of information design, which besides functionality should also show artistic value. This, in tum, is difficult to measure and depends on graphic talent and aesthetic sense of the author. In the process of education of cartographers it is important to develop a certain graphic sense, which is necessary for map edition. Preparation of a scheme of public transportation network seems to be a very good practical exercise. Warsaw University students specializing in cartography at the Chair of Cartography of the Department of Geography and Regional Studies realize such tasks during their 'Map graphic design' elasses.
Źródło:
Polski Przegląd Kartograficzny; 2009, T. 41, nr 4, 4; 344-362
0324-8321
Pojawia się w:
Polski Przegląd Kartograficzny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Oczami dziecka, czyli porównanie szaty graficznej we współczesnych elementarzach (polskim i bułgarskim) dla pierwszoklasistów
Through children’s eyes, or on the graphic layout of contemporary Polish and Bulgarian alphabet books for first grade
Autorzy:
Fąfara, Justyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/694483.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
alphabet book
ABC-book
primer
textbook graphic design
illustration
alphabet learning
Polish textbook
Bulgarian textbook
primary education
Opis:
The paper examines the graphic and illustrative elements in contemporary Polish and Bulgarian alphabet books. The comparative approach reveals basic similarities and significant differences between the selected textbooks concerning the preferred thematic fields in the primary education process in both countries. The analysis allows to differentiate the prevailing motives and values depicted in the textbooks (such as family and social relations, national symbols, modern technologies), the strategies of presenting the letters of the alphabet, the leading book characters, etc.
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Źródło:
Slavica Lodziensia; 2018, 2; 125-131
2544-1795
Pojawia się w:
Slavica Lodziensia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 29

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