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Tytuł:
Machine Learning (ML) Methods in Assessing the Intensity of Damage Caused by High-Energy Mining Tremors in Traditional Development of LGOM Mining Area
Autorzy:
Witkowski, Michał
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2091567.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Politechnika Lubelska. Wydawnictwo Politechniki Lubelskiej
Tematy:
mining damage
housing construction
compensation
damage risk
Machine Learning
Opis:
The paper presents a comparative analysis of Machine Learning (ML) research methods allowing to assess the risk of mining damage occurring in traditional masonry buildings located in the mining area of Legnica-Głogów Copper District (LGOM) as a result of intense mining tremors. The database of reports on damage that occurred after the tremors of 20 February 2002, 16 May 2004 and 21 May 2006 formed the basis for the analysis. Based on these data, classification models were created using the Probabilistic Neural Network (PNN) and the Support Vector Machine (SVM) method. The results of previous research studies allowed to include structural and geometric features of buildings,as well as protective measures against mining tremors in the model. The probabilistic notation of the model makes it possible to effectively assess the probability of damage in the analysis of large groups of building structures located in the area of paraseismic impacts. The results of the conducted analyses confirm the thesis that the proposed methodology may allow to estimate, with the appropriate probability, the financial outlays that the mining plant should secure for the repair of the expected damage to the traditional development of the LGOM mining area.
Źródło:
Budownictwo i Architektura; 2022, 21, 1; 5--17
1899-0665
Pojawia się w:
Budownictwo i Architektura
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Evaluation of Exposure to Impulse Noise at Personnel Occupied Areas During Military Field Exercises
Autorzy:
Młyński, R.
Kozłowski, E.
Usowski, J.
Jurkiewicz, D.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/177458.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
impulse noise
noise exposure
hearing damage risk criteria
weapon
Opis:
The tests reported in this paper were carried out to evaluate the exposure of soldiers to noise at operator and control positions during military field exercises. The tests were conducted during firing from a T-72 tank, a BWP-1 Infantry Fighting Vehicle, antitank guided missiles, a ZU-23-2K anti-aircraft gun, and a 2S1 GOZDZIK howitzer. The evaluation of noise exposure showed that the limit values of sound pressure level, referred to by both Polish occupational noise protection standards and the Pfander and Dancer hearing damage risk criteria developed for military applications, were repeatedly exceeded at the tested positions. Despite of the use of tank crew headgear, the exposure limit values of sound pressure level were exceeded for the crew members of the T-72 tank, the BWP-1 infantry fighting vehicle, and the 2S1 GOZDZIK howitzer. The results show that exposure of soldiers to noise during military field exercises is a potentially high hearing risk factor.
Źródło:
Archives of Acoustics; 2018, 43, 2; 197-205
0137-5075
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Acoustics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ryzyko powstawania szkód w drzewostanach poszczególnych nadleśnictw Polski
Risk of damage to stands in individual forest districts in Poland
Autorzy:
Bruchwald, A.
Dmyterko, E.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/995538.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
lesnictwo
Panstwowe Gospodarstwo Lesne Lasy Panstwowe
nadlesnictwa
uszkodzenia drzewostanow
szkody w lesie
ryzyko wystapienia
zroznicowanie regionalne
wspolczynniki reginalnego ryzyka uszkodzenia drzewostanow
stand damage risk model
stand damage risk factor
regional damage risk factor
forest district
Opis:
In the study, regional stand damage risk factors were developed for individual forest districts in Poland. For this purpose we used the materials contained in the database of the State Forests Information System (SILP), which relate to the volume of wood obtained from windfalls and deadwood in all forest districts in Poland in the years 2005−2010. The criterion proposed was the maximum annual damage during the period under review expressed as volume of wood obtained from wind−thrown and wind−broken trees, as well as deadwood per hectare of forest stands older than 40 years in a forest district. This allowed to assign regional damage risk factor values to individual units. They range from 0, corresponding to a very low damage risk to stands, to 4, indicating a very high risk. Presented map of the regional stand damage risk factors for the forest districts in Poland is the graphic result of the analysis.
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2012, 156, 01; 19-27
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zastosowanie modelu ryzyka uszkodzenia drzewostanu przez wiatr do oceny prawdopodobieństwa lokalizacji szkód w lasach Regionalnej Dyrekcji Lasów Państwowych w Białymstoku
Application of the wind damage risk model for the assessment of the probability of the location of damage to forests of the Regional Directorate of the State Forests in Bialystok
Autorzy:
Bruchwald, A.
Dmyterko, E.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/985727.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
lesnictwo
wiatry
szkody w lesie
drzewostany
ryzyko uszkodzenia
ocena ryzyka
modele ryzyka uszkodzenia
RDLP Bialystok
wind damage risk model
wind damage risk factor
Opis:
In June 2016, a hurricane damaged the forests of the Regional Directorate of the State Forests in Białystok (eastern Poland), resulting in the removal of approximately 1.9 million cubic meters of wind−fallen and wind−broken trees and deadwood by the end of 2018. The research material was obtained from the database of the State Forests Information System and used to assess the functioning of the wind damage risk model. The wind damage risk model determines the value of damage risk factor Wr for each stand ranging from 0 to 3; a higher value indicates a higher risk of damage to the stand. The damage risk factor allowed to create six damage risk classes, with a width of 0.5 each and to assign individual stands of the forest district to one of the classes. The areal share of damaged stands was calculated for each class. In 2015, i.e. before the hurricane, the share of stands in the highest damage risk class VI ranged from 0.1% to 3.5%. After the hurricane in 2016, the areal share of damaged stands was calculated for each class, the largest share (the largest damage) being in class VI, while the share of the most damaged stands were found in the following forest districts: Dojlidy – 71%, Supraśl – 79% and Żednia – 87%. In 9 other forest districts, the area of damaged stands in class VI also exceeded 70%. The wind damage risk model for the stand presented in the paper allows identifying stands where damage is very likely to occur, when the wind comes. This may limit the level of wind damage through, in the first place, the rebuilding of stands classified to the highest wind damage risk factor class.
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2019, 163, 08; 629-636
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zagrożenie lasu przez wiatr na przykładzie nadleśnictw Puszczy Białowieskiej
Risk of wind damage to stands on the example of selected forest districts in the Bialowieza Primeval Forest
Autorzy:
Bruchwald, A.
Dmyterko, E.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1008781.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
lesnictwo
Puszcza Bialowieska
nadlesnictwa
Nadlesnictwo Browsk
Nadlesnictwo Bialowieza
Nadlesnictwo Hajnowka
lasy
zagrozenia lasu
wiatry
uszkodzenia drzewostanow
ryzyko uszkodzenia
modele ryzyka uszkodzenia
stand damage risk model
stand damage risk factor
wind
białowieża primeval forest
Opis:
Stand damage risk model was applied to three forest districts located in the Białowieża Primeval Forest: Browsk, Hajnówka and Białowieża. For this purpose, information contained in the database of the State Forests Information System was used. The obtained values of the stand damage risk factor allowed assigning each stand to one of the six risk classes. Higher class indicates higher damage risk to stands. The share of the stand area was calculated for each class. The weighted average of the areal shares of stands in the two highest damage risk factor classes was used as a measure of wind damage risk to forests. The values of this measure for individual forest districts were as follows: Browsk – 27.3%, Hajnówka – 33.0%, Białowieża – 38.3%. The degree of risk to these forests ranges from average to high, which is mainly because of large proportion of the high, old−growth spruce stands. Forest stands of the Białowieża Primeval Forest with a high risk factor are threatened by damage in the event of strong winds in this area.
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2012, 156, 10; 750-764
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zagrożenie lasów Polski na podstawie modelu ryzyka uszkodzenia drzewostanu przez wiatr
Risk of the wind damage to the forests in Poland on the basis of a stand damage risk model
Autorzy:
Dmyterko, E.
Mionskowski, M.
Bruchwald, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/989828.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
lesnictwo
zagrozenia lasu
wiatry
huragany
uszkodzenia drzewostanow
modele ryzyka uszkodzenia
Polska
wind damage
stand damage risk model
poland
Opis:
On the basis of the wind damage risk model for forests using the data of the State Forests Information System, the stand damage risk factor Wr for each of the 430 forest districts in Poland and the threat measure Ms for a given forest district were determined. The measure of threat to forest Ms for a forest district is a methodical basis for assessing the potential damage to forests in Poland. Its value ranges from 8.1% for the Brzózka Forest District to 48.9% for the Ujsoły Forest District (fig. 1), giving the average value of 24.6% and standard deviation of 7.03%. The measure Ms was the basis for differentiating the levels of threat of wind damage to forest for forest districts. Level 1 (Ms≤10%) indicates low threat, level 2 (10%40%) – very high threat. Low threat to forests was found only in two forest districts located in the western part of the country. 113 forest districts, which form large concentrations particularly in western and central Poland, are exposed to an elevated threat. Most forest districts (233) are classified to a group of moderate threat. They are located across the country and are mostly concentrated in the northern and southern regions of Poland. 71 forest districts exposed to high threat are concentrated in the south of Poland in the Carpathians and the Sudetes, with scattered presence in the north of the country. Most of the 11 forest districts with a very high threat to forests are located in the mountains (tab., fig. 1). For the forest districts with a particularly high and very high threat, new silvicultural procedures and the basis for decision making in the field of forest management should be developed to reduce the risk of damage to forest.
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2015, 159, 05; 361-371
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Metoda inwentaryzacji lasu oparta na losowaniu warstwowym wykorzystująca model wzrostu drzewostanu
Forest inventory method based on stratified sampling using a stand growth model
Autorzy:
Bruchwald, Arkadiusz
Dmyterko, Elżbieta
Mionskowski, Marcin
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/18055687.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Instytut Badawczy Leśnictwa
Tematy:
miąższość drzewostanu
próba
ryzyko uszkodzenia
model wzrostu drzewostanu
stand volume
sample
damage risk
stand growth model
Opis:
The paper presents a new variant of the method for determining the stand volume of age classes in a forest district or inspectorate (subdistrict). The methodological basis for this variant of the method is a branch of mathematical statistics called the "representative method", which is based on stratified sampling, similar to the variant of forest inventory currently used in forestry. In the new variant of the method, strata are formed based on the age of the main tree species and the stand volume, which is determined by the stand growth model, while in the variant currently used, strata are formed based on the stand's main tree species and its age. In the new variant of the stand volume determination method, 13 stages are distinguished, which can be divided into the initial and the main part. First, data from the State Forest Information System (SILP) database are processed: the age of the stand's main tree species and characteristics that allow to determine the volume of each stand of the forest district or inspectorate using a stand growth model. Based on the age and stand volume, strata for the forest district or inspectorate can be formed and the number of samples for each of these strata can be determined. The main part of the new variant of the method starts with the measurement of DBH and tree height on the sample plots. The results of these measurements are then processed using, for example, a stand growth model. The volume of individual strata, age classes, and the entire forest district is determined. When using a growth model, many other stand characteristics are also determined, including volume increment, degree of windthrow hazard, rotation, and 10-year size of final and intermediate fellings. The evaluation of the accuracy of the method was based on data from 73 forest inspectorates in Poland. This was preceded by studies on the dispersion measures of the sum of tree volume on sample plots of different sizes. The new variant of the forest inventory method proved to be about 30% more accurate than the previously used variant.
Źródło:
Leśne Prace Badawcze; 2023, 83; 25-32
1732-9442
2082-8926
Pojawia się w:
Leśne Prace Badawcze
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zastosowanie modeli ryzyka uszkodzenia drzewostanu przez wiatr do oceny zagrożenia lasów nadleśnictwa
Application of wind damage risk models for the assessment of danger to stands within a forest district
Autorzy:
Bruchwald, A.
Dmyterko, E.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/974051.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
wiatry
szkody w lesie
drzewostany
ryzyko uszkodzenia
modele ryzyka uszkodzenia
leśnictwo
zagrożenia lasu
ocena zagrożenia
nadleśnictwa
RDLP Kraków
wind damage
risk models
wind damage risk indices
Opis:
The study presents a risk model for stand damage caused by wind. It is associated with the following groups of factors: the variable characteristics of stand, its permanent characteristics, the position of a forest district in the region of the country, the damage that occurred in the stand in the past. The model generates a risk factor for tree damage ranging from 0 to 3. The higher value it indicates, the higher risk for the stand. The model serves for the assessment of risks to stands in the Cracow Regional Directorate of the State Forests.
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2011, 155, 07; 459-471
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zastosowanie wnioskowania Bayesa do oceny zagrożenia budynków wielkoblokowych na terenach górniczych
Bayesian inference for the assessment of threats to large-block building structures in mining areas
Autorzy:
Rusek, Janusz
Firek, Karol
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/167706.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Inżynierów i Techników Górnictwa
Tematy:
wnioskowanie Bayesa
szkody górnicze w budynkach
ocena ryzyka uszkodzeń
oddziaływania górnicze
Bayesian inference
mining damage to buildings
damage risk assessment
mining impacts
Opis:
W artykule przedstawiono przykłady wykorzystania modeli opartych na formalizmie wnioskowania Bayesa do analizy zagrożenia budynków zlokalizowanych na terenach górniczych. Przedmiotem badań była grupa 126 budynków wzniesionych w technologii wielkoblokowej. Przedstawiono metody wnioskowania wykorzystane w dotychczasowych badaniach ryzyka powstawania uszkodzeń w budynkach narażonych na negatywne skutki eksploatacji górniczej. Obejmowały one ocenę stanu technicznego (st), w ramach której do budowy modelu zastosowano naiwną klasyfikację Bayesa, a także analizę intensywności uszkodzeń elementów składowych budynku, z wykorzystaniem Bayesowskich sieci przekonań. W konkluzji przedstawiono koncepcję uszczegółowienia wyników wcześniejszych badań. Polega ona na samoistnym generowaniu struktury sieci Bayesa w oparciu o bazę danych o intensywności uszkodzeń istniejących budynków.
This research paper provides examples of the use of models based on the formalism of Bayesian inference for the analysis of the threats to building structures located in mining areas. The subject of the research study was a group of 126 buildings erected in the large-block technology. The authors presented the inference methods of the risk of the occurrence of damage to buildings exposed to the adverse effects of mining exploitation, which were used in the previous studies. They included the assessment of the technical condition (st), where the naive Bayes classification was used to build the model, as well as the analysis of the intensity of damage to the components of a building structure, using the Bayesian belief networks. The conclusion presents the concept of detailing the results of the previous research. It involves the Bayesian network structure being spontaneously generated, based on the database on the intensity of damage to the existing buildings.
Źródło:
Przegląd Górniczy; 2019, 75, 2; 7-12
0033-216X
Pojawia się w:
Przegląd Górniczy
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Performance of Different Types of Hearing Protectors Undergoing High-Level Impulse Noise
Autorzy:
Buck, K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/90783.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Centralny Instytut Ochrony Pracy
Tematy:
hearing protector
impulse noise exposure
test procedure
damage risk criteria
insertion loss measurement
artificial head
acoustic test fixture
Opis:
The paper describes the problems that may occur when hearing protectors, usually designed for industrial noise environments, are used for high-level impulse (weapon) noise. The military impulse noise environment is described, as are the different types of passive and active hearing protectors and the measurement procedures. The different mechanisms that may alter the effectiveness of the hearing protectors as well as their global efficiency when submitted to high-level impulse noise are presented. The paper also discusses how the performance values accessible to the user may be used in different damage risk criteria for continuous and impulse noise.
Źródło:
International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics; 2009, 15, 2; 227-240
1080-3548
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Strefa zakotwień kabli sprężających – problemy technologiczne i projektowe
Anchorage zone in post-tensioned members – design and technological issues
Autorzy:
Owerko, P.
Salamak, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/161405.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Polski Związek Inżynierów i Techników Budownictwa
Tematy:
beton sprężony
strefa zakotwienia
stan naprężeń
zbrojenie
projektowanie
ryzyko uszkodzenia
prestressed concrete
anchorage zone
stress state
reinforcement
designing
damage risk
Opis:
W artykule przedstawiono podstawy teoretyczne złożonego stanu naprężeń w strefie zakotwień. Wymieniono wybrane zagrożenia i odpowiadające im sposoby na wyznaczenie zbrojenia zabezpieczającego. Pokazano przykładowy rysunek z oznaczeniem rodzajów zbrojenia. Zaprezentowano przypadki uszkodzeń w strefie zakotwień opatrując je sugestiami, które mogą pomóc w zmniejszeniu ryzyka ich wystąpienia.
The paper presents theoretical base of complex state of stress in anchorage zone. Selected threats and corresponding methods of protection reinforcement are listed. Detail drawing with an example of reinforcement is shown. Finally few examples of damages in anchorage zone are presented with suggestions how to avoid the risk.
Źródło:
Przegląd Budowlany; 2013, R. 84, nr 4, 4; 26-31
0033-2038
Pojawia się w:
Przegląd Budowlany
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Błędy projektanta zagrożeniem bezpieczeństwa stalowej konstrukcji dachu
Designers mistakes leading to the threat to the safety of steel roof structure
Autorzy:
Paczkowska, T.
Paczkowski, W.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/163309.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Polski Związek Inżynierów i Techników Budownictwa
Tematy:
hala sportowa
dach
konstrukcja kratowa
projekt konstrukcyjny
błąd projektowania
zagrożenie awarią
sport hall
roof
truss construction
structural design
design fault
damage risk
Opis:
Konstrukcję dachu sali gimnastycznej zaprojektowano w postaci płaskich dźwigarów kratowych wykonanych ze stali 18G2A. Inwestor zlecił wykonanie weryfikacji zrealizowanej konstrukcji pod kątem możliwości dociążenia jej kurtynami wydzielającymi sektory oraz tablicami do koszykówki, które planowano podwiesić do dolnych pasów dżwigarów nośnych. Analiza zrealizowanej konstrukcji wykazała istnienie wielu istotnych błędów obejmujących w szczególności: niewłaściwie przyjęte w projekcie wymiary, niezgodność schematów statycznych z projektu w stosunku do schematów zrealizowanych, niewłaściwie przyjęte obciążenia i szereg innych. Ujawnione błędy stanowiły zagrożenie bezpieczeństwa konstrukcji.
Flat truss girders made of S355J2G3 steel were designed as a roof structure of a gym hall. The client ordered to the independent consultant verification of the existing structure from the point of view of possible extra loading by the curtains hung to the lower cords of the girders as well basketball tables. During the process of verification several serious mistakes were found. The mistakes included dimensions of the structure, statical scheme for theoretical calculations versus real execution of the structure, load calculations and others. This led to the threat to the safety of the structure.
Źródło:
Przegląd Budowlany; 2010, R. 81, nr 1, 1; 44-48
0033-2038
Pojawia się w:
Przegląd Budowlany
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Sea-river shipping in Polish inland waters
Autorzy:
Galor, W.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/135354.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Akademia Morska w Szczecinie. Wydawnictwo AMSz
Tematy:
sea-river shipping
inland waters
navigation
transshipment
routes
risk of damage
Opis:
In many cases, sea ships are required to call at ports situated several hundred kilometers inland, including several different types of ship (freight, passenger, recreational). The main benefit of sea-river navigation is that ships may enter inland and carry cargo to the ports of other countries without their cargo having to be transferred several times. This method significantly reduces the risk of damage to the cargo and also lowers transport costs. An important element in sea-river shipping which is showing an increasing trend is that of passenger shipping (cruisers). This article analyzes the current situation of this type of navigation in Poland. Several examples of shipping routes on inland waters are presented.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie; 2017, 50 (122); 84-90
1733-8670
2392-0378
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zmiany zachodzące w drzewostanach Bieszczadów
Changes in the forests of the Bieszczady Mts.
Autorzy:
Dmyterko, E.
Bruchwald, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/985915.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
lesnictwo
lasy gorskie
Bieszczady
drzewostany
sklad gatunkowy
zmiany w drzewostanach
zmiany skladu gatunkowego
model wzrostu drzewostanu
modele ryzyka uszkodzenia
species composition
stand growth model
model allowable cut
wind damage risk model
forest threat
measure
Opis:
The aim of the study was to analyse (on the basis of the data from the State Forests Information System) the changes occurring in the Bieszczady forests in the period of 2007−2016. One of the processes taking place in the study area is the withdrawal of grey alder stands and the appear− ance of natural regeneration of mainly beech and fir, and in a smaller proportion spruce (fig. 1). Another natural process is the encroachment of fir and beech under the canopy of pine stands, which is favoured by fertile habitats that meet the ecological requirements of these two tree species. As a result of economic activity supporting these processes, alder and pine stands are being rebuilt relatively quickly, turning into fir or beech stands, and sometimes into mixed stands with the participation of other tree species, including spruce (fig. 1). The decline of spruce stands occurs on the dominant area in Poland: in Beskid Śląski and Beskid Żywiecki, the Kaszuby Forest or the Białowieża Forest. The main causes of this process are abiotic and biotic factors, including frequent droughts causing the lowering of the groundwater level and insect outbreaks, especially of bark beetles. The proportion of spruce in the Bieszczady Mountains is relatively small (about 10%), and the high fertility of the habitats compensates, to some extent, the relatively high moisture requirements of this tree species and probably these factors determined the lack of decline of spruce stands in the analysed area. In the last 10 years, the average age of forests in the Bieszczady Mountains increased from 77 to 83 years (tab. 2), mainly as a result of too low volume of harvested timber (fig. 3). Comparing the total harvested volume with the volume of allowable cut determined by the stand growth model, the harvest of the wood raw material was understated by about 25%. The aging of forests is also confirmed by changes in stands in age classes (fig. 2). The aging of the Bieszczady forests is correlated with the process of increasing the threat to these forests by wind (figs. 4−5). The wind damage risk factor increased over the next 10 years in the two highest threat level, and thus the area of threatened stands increased. The forest threat measure in the Bieszczady forests increased in general as well as in individual forest districts (fig. 6). The forests in two of these districts are currently among the most threatened in Poland.
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2018, 162, 05; 355-364
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The management actions for the effects of natural disasters: a study based on Maruthamunai area
Autorzy:
Nasliha, M. I. F.
Rinos, M. H. M.
Mathanraj, S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1113470.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN
Tematy:
Damage
Disaster risk
Drought
Flood
Opis:
Natural disasters are extreme events that result in death or injury to humans, and damage or loss of valuable infrastructure and environment. Such horrible catastrophes affect the village of Maruthamunai in Ampara District. It is situated in the tropical zone. Maruthamunai routinely experiences floods, drought, tsunami and contiguous diseases. The study was undertaken to identify the effects, causes and the disaster management activities. We also prepared a disaster risk map for the Maruthamunai area to identify the affected zone. Several methods are used to analyze this study. These include qualitative and quantitative data that were analyzed using SPSS and Arc GIS application to produce the maps. The study clarified the effects of natural disasters and prepared disaster risk maps to identify safe places. Our work will help to minimize the effects of disaster and will also support better environmental practices to mitigate the problems.
Źródło:
World News of Natural Sciences; 2017, 15; 20-36
2543-5426
Pojawia się w:
World News of Natural Sciences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zastosowanie modelu ryzyka uszkodzenia drzewostanu przez wiatr do oceny procesu śmiertelności drzew w Sudetach w latach 2015-2017
Application of the wind damage risk model for the assessment of tree mortality in the Sudety Mts. in 2015-2017 period
Autorzy:
Dmyterko, E.
Bruchwald, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/979365.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
Sudety
drzewostany
wiatry
szkody w lesie
ryzyko uszkodzenia
modele ryzyka uszkodzenia
zamieranie drzew
czynniki klimatyczne
lata 2015-2017
leśnictwo
drzewa leśne
RDLP Wrocław
tree mortality
critical value of deadwood harvest
wind damage risk model
forest threat measure
Opis:
A dynamic process of mortality of Norway spruce stands in south−west Poland, mainly in the Sudety Mts. was observed in 2015. It was associated with an insufficient amount of precipitation in the growing season. This process was intensified by the outbreak of insects, especially bark beetles. The aim of the paper was to verify the hypothesis that the application of the stand damage risk model allows to identify stands, which may possibly be predisposed to mortality, after a long−lasting drought in the growing season. The studies concerned the forests of the Wrocław Regional Directorate of State Forests (tab. 1). Their area covers 245,000 ha, the timber volume amounts to 83 million m3 (338 m3/ha) and the volume increment to 2.3 million m3 (9.4 m3/year/ha). The fraction of spruce is the largest (50.3%), ranging from 7.1% (Pieńsk Forest District) to 84.8% (Lądek−Zdrój Forest District). The average age of stands is 74 years, ranging from 56 (Pieńsk Forest District) to 85 years (Jawor Forest District). The drought in 2015 caused an increase in the dynamics of spruce decline. The ratio of harvested to model deadwood volume at a level of up to 5% was assumed the ‘norm’ that characterizes the process of natural spruce mortality. Values higher than normal mean a more intense process of tree mortality caused by external factors (e.g. hurricane winds, floods, droughts). In 2014, the harvested deadwood was below the norm in 15 forest districts (fig. 1). In 2015, the highest ratio values (above 20%) were reported in the Wałbrzych and Szklarska Poręba forest districts (fig. 1). In 2016, the harvest of deadwood in each forest district exceeded the norm, and the highest values were found in the Jawor (102.3%), Bardo Śląskie (83.3%) and Świdnica (69.7%) forest districts. In 2017, the highest ratios of harvested to model deadwood volume were reported in the Bardo Śląskie (117.2%), Jawor (83.6%), Henryków (83.5%) and Świdnica (67.1%) forest districts. The model was found to identify also the stands that are most threatened by droughts. These are stands in the highest damage risk factor Wr class. The highest percentage of deadwood in this damage class was in Jawor (88.8%), Bardo Śląskie (81.9%), Miękinia (79.4%), Świdnica (76.7%), Henryków (73.8) and Złotoryja (73.6%) forest districts. It was also shown that the average value of the measure of threat to forests Ms was 35, qualifying them as highly threatened (fig. 3). Forests characterized by the highest level of threat Ms>40 was found in five forest districts, while in nine others the level of threat was high. The forests of the Sudety Mts. are threatened by the decline and the main direct causes of this process was the long−lasting drought in the growing season, causing damage to the stands earlier weakened by wind and other factors.
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2019, 163, 11; 903-912
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Compare and evaluate the performance of structural flood risk management options
Autorzy:
Dwijendra, Ngakan K.A.
Majdi, Ali
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2174354.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Instytut Technologiczno-Przyrodniczy
Tematy:
annual expected damage
assurance
flood
risk management
Opis:
One of the most important natural phenomena that causes harmful damage around the world is the occurrence of sudden and severe floods. There are various solutions to deal with floods. Among the structural measures of flood risk management, we can mention the construction of levee, detention basin, channel modification, and a combination of the mentioned measures. Manafwa is a flood-prone area in Uganda currently protected by a 6.6 m high levee. Unfortunately, the existing levee does not have ideal performance, and the probability of failure is very high. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to compare seven flood management measures in the flood-prone area of Manafwa and to select the best flood risk management proposal. These management measures are: 1) construction of a levee with a height of 6.5 m, 2) construction of a levee with a height of 7 m, 3) construction of a levee with a height of 7.5 m, 4) construction of a levee with a height of 8 m, 5) channel modification, 6) detention basin and 7) a combination of structural measures of channel modification and detention basin. The results show that although building a levee with a height of 8 m is more expensive than other options, but it reduces the expected annual flood damage to about USD30.5 thous.
Źródło:
Journal of Water and Land Development; 2022, 54; 172--174
1429-7426
2083-4535
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Water and Land Development
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Sperm epigenetic profile and risk of cancer
Autorzy:
Wdowiak, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/3579.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Instytut Medycyny Wsi
Tematy:
sperm
epigenetics
disease risk
cancer
DNA damage
methylation
Opis:
Introduction and objective. The integrity, stability and composition of sperm chromatin are of great importance in the fertilizing potential of male gametes and their capacity to support normal embryonic development. In this study, the author presents the current state of knowledge about the sperm epigenetic profile and risk of cancer. Abbreviated description of the state of knowledge. The obtaining of pregnancy and the state of health of the baby depends on the quality of the genetic material of both the female and the male. Health behaviours and environmental factors directly affect the quality of sperm, as well as the human egg cell and, consequently, on the reproductive capabilities, the course of pregnancy and the state of the newborn. There exist two thoroughly investigated epigenetic modifications: DNA methylation and histone modifications. The process of DNA methylation can be also a fundamental factor contributing to the development of cancer, where epigenotype undergoes significant modifications. When considering numerous DNA aberrations in the male gamete, the most commonly encountered is DNA fragmentation, particularly in infertile subjects. Surprisingly, an intracytoplasmatic sperm injection study of mice oocytes, using spermatozoa with a high DNA Fragmentation Index (DFI), revealed that a considerable percentage of adults born as a result of this method, showed a significant increase in the incidence of abnormal behavioural tests, malformations, cancer and signs of premature aging. Summary. The issue of assisted procreation raises the need to look for an appropriate treatment for males with sperm chromatin abnormalities. As a result, the fight against smoking addiction becomes the obvious necessity. Moreover, the reasonable solution nowadays seems to be supplementation with micronutrients and folic acid. It has been proved that the process of DNA fragmentation is a phenomenon that intensifies over time. Therefore, there should be a pursuance for, as close as possible, to the moment of ejaculation, application of semen to reproductive techniques. Finally, epigenetic changes are suspected of being one of the factors responsible for the deterioration of male sperm parameters observed in recent decades.
Źródło:
Journal of Pre-Clinical and Clinical Research; 2014, 08, 2
1898-2395
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Pre-Clinical and Clinical Research
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
THE INFRASTRUCTURE OF THE INSURANCE RISK
INFRASTRUKTURA RYZYKA UBEZPIECZENIOWEGO
ИНФРАСТРУКТУРА СТРАХОВОГО РИСКАrrrr
Autorzy:
Klapkiv, Jurij
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/576577.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015-12-30
Wydawca:
Międzynarodowy Instytut Innowacji Nauka – Edukacja – Rozwój w Warszawie
Tematy:
risk, uncertainty, risk management, methods of manipulation of risk, the concept of damage
ryzyko, niepewność, zarządzanie ryzykiem, metody modelowania ryzyka, pojęcie szkody
риск, неопределенность, управление рисками, методы манипулирования рисками, понятие ущерба
Opis:
W artykule opisano infrastrukturę i czynniki ryzyka, jako kategorii ekonomicznej. Dokonano Wyjaśniono pojęcie szkody i zaprezentowano poszczególne czynniki ryzyka. Omówiono organizacyjno-ekonomiczne metody modelowania ryzyka ubezpieczeniowego celem minimalizacji potencjalnej szkody. Omówiono pojęcie szkody na tle elementów ryzyka.
The infrastructure risk as an economic category, the reasons for the appearance. Implemented the concept of prejudice and shows the elements of risk. Considers the organizational-economic methods of manipulation of insurance risks to ensure minimum damage.
Рассмотрено инфраструктуру риска как экономической категории, причины возникновения. Осуществлено выделение понятия ущерба и приведены элементы рисков. Рассмотрены организационно-экономические методы манипулирования страховыми рисками для обеспечения минимального ущерба.
Źródło:
International Journal of New Economics and Social Sciences; 2015, 2(2); 96-101
2450-2146
2451-1064
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of New Economics and Social Sciences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ocena szkód w lasach Polski spowodowanych przez huragan w sierpniu 2017 roku
Assessment of the damage to Polish forests caused by a hurricane in August 2017
Autorzy:
Dmyterko, E.
Bruchwald, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/978974.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
wind−caused damage
risk model
stand growth model
allowable cut
Opis:
On August 11−12, 2017, a hurricane passed from south to north of Poland causing considerable damage to forests, especially in regional directorates of the State Forests in Wrocław, Poznań, Toruń, Szczecinek and Gdańsk. By the end of 2018, the volume of wind−broken and wind−fallen trees and deadwood approximated to 9 million m3. In 9 forest districts the harvested volume exceeded 440 thousand m3, including two entities with over 1 million m3 each. The harvested volume was expressed as a percentage of allowable cut, calculated from the stand growth model. It showed possibile timber harvest in final and intermediate cuts in the absence of natural disasters (strong wind, intense drought, heavy snowfall, insect outbreaks, etc.). In many forest districts, timber harvest accounted for 100% of the allowable cut, with the maximum value approximated to 1100% of the allowable cut. The high salvage harvest of post−hurricane timber prevents the execution of other economic tasks, including plans of stand rebuilding. On the example of forest districts with the largest damage, the possibilities of selecting forests classified as the most threatened by wind were examined. The wind damage risk model for the stand was used to determine the value of wind damage risk factor Wr for each stand (values from 0 to 3; the higher value, the higher risk). The damage risk factor allowed to create six damage risk classes of a span of 0.5 each and to assign individual stands to one of the damage classes. The share of the area of stands and damaged stands in Wr classes was also determined. In the Lipusz Forest District the share of stands in VI class of Wr was 9.8%, and the area of damaged stands in this class was 98.3%. In the Rytel and Przymuszewo forest districts, the areal share of such stands was 10.7% and 5.1%, respectively, and almost all stands in this class were damaged by the hurricane. The areal share of forests in the highest Wr class was reported in the Gniezno Forest District accounting for 4.8% and the hurricane damaged 85% of their area. The wind damage risk model for the stand allows to identify forests where damage is very likely to occur. It is, therefore, possible to take action on the rebuilding of stands before the wind comes and thus reduce its negative effects. The cutting plan should include, in the first place, stands classified to the high wind damage risk factor.
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2020, 164, 05; 355-364
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Risk of damage to winter wheat by Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides [Fron] Deighton, the causal agent of eyespot. II. Results of plot experiments
Autorzy:
Jaczewska-Kalicka, A
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/66249.pdf
Data publikacji:
1998
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides
yield loss
plot experiment
wheat
plant protection
risk
eyespot
damage
damage threshold
winter wheat
Opis:
In 1987-1990 plot experiments with winter wheat were performed to investigate grain yield losses caused by Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides. Each year wheat was sown after a cereal forecrop to increase the disease risk. Eyespot developed under natural infection conditions. In 1988 an additional experiment was established on plots artificially inoculated with P. herpotrichoides to increase infection pressure. Experimental variants included plots protected with 5 benzimidazole fungicides to control the pathogen, and chemically unprotected plots. As the effectiveness of fungicides was satisfactory, the differences in grain yield from protected and unprotected plots were regarded as grain yield loss in conditions of lack of appropriate chemical control of the disease. Average grain yield losses for the years 1987-1990 amounted to 4.21 dt/ha (10.36%). The highest losses of 8.43 dt/ha (30.28%) occurred in 1990, when weather conditions were the most fovourable to the development of eyespot, and on artificially inoculated with P. herpotrichoides plots in 1988 (5.56 dt/ha, 12.75 %). The paper also presents detailed data on the occurrence and severity of eyespot at GS 75-85 as related to grain yield losses, and data on the influence of the disease on some yield components, with a special reference to 1000 grain weight. Correlation coefficients between the most important factors related to the disease incidence revealed that grain yield and 1000 grain weight were most strongly correlated with infection index at GS 75-85. A significant correlation between the disease occurrence at GS 31-32 and the above characteristics occurred only when more than 10% plants showed infection symptoms in the spring. Severe infection occurred only in 1990, when weather conditions were conductive to the development of the disease. The results presented are also discussed in relation to parallel field observations on 356 commercial fields located in all the regions of winter wheat cultivation in Poland, published elsewhere. lt has been concluded that chemical control of eyespot on the experimental plots could have been justified only in 1990 conductive to the disease development. Economical feasibility of using fungicides at GS 31-32 could be most likely to obtain with broad spectrum fungicides, effective against eyespot and other diseases occurring at early growth stages of winter wheat. This publication as well as the previous one published under the same title as Part I, are the first reports on grain yield losses caused in Poland by P. herpotrichoides.
W latach 1987-1990 przeprowadzono doświadczenia poletkowe mające na celu zbadanie strat plonu ziarna powodowanych przez P. herpotrichoides w pszenicy ozimej . Aby zwiększyć ryzyko wystąpienia choroby stosowano przedplony zbożowe. Łamliwość źdźbła rozwijała się w warunkach naturalnej infekcji. W 1988 roku, w celu zwiększenia presji infekcyjnej przeprowadzono dodatkowo w jednym z doświadczeń sztuczne zakażenie poletek. W doświadczeniach uwzględniono poletka nieopryskiwane w okresie wegetacji fungicydami, oraz poletka opryskiwane w stadium wzrostu GS 31-32 5 fungicydami zawierającymi składniki aktywne z grupy benzymidazoli i przeznaczonymi do zwalczania łamliwości źdźbła. Skuteczność użytych preparatów w zwalczaniu choroby była wysoka, a różnice plonu ziarna z poletek opryskiwanych i nieopryskiwanych fungicydami dały podstawę do obliczenia strat plonu ziarna w warunkach braku odpowiedniej chemicznej ochrony. Średnie straty plonu ziarna w okresie prowadzenia doświadczeń wyniosły 4,21 dt/ha (10,36%). Najwyższe straty wynoszące 8,43 dt/ha (30,28%) wystąpiły w 1990 roku, w którym warunki dla rozwoju patogena były szczególnie sprzyjające oraz w 1988 roku na poletkach sztucznie zakażanych, gdzie stwierdzono spadek plonu o 5,56 dt/ha (12,75%). Badano również wpływ patogena na różne elementy struktury plonu oraz wzajemne korelacje. Zarówno plon, jak i masa 1000 ziarn najsilniej były skorelowane z indeksem porażenia roślin łamliwością w stadium GS 75-85 (okres dojrzewania). Istotna korelacja pomiędzy tymi wartościami w stadium GS 31-32, w którym zwykle ustala się potrzebę zwalczania patogena wystąpiła tylko wtedy, kiedy ponad 10% roślin wykazywało objawy chorobowe. Przedstawione wyniki doświadczeń poletkowych porównywano z obserwacjami prowadzonymi równocześnie na 356 polach produkcyjnych we wszystkich rejonach uprawy pszenicy w Polsce. Stwierdzono, że chemiczne zwalczanie łamliwości źdźbła w okresie prowadzenia doświadczeń mogło być ekonomicznie uzasadnione tylko w 1990 roku - sprzyjającym silnemu rozwojowi choroby. Na tej podstawie wywnioskowano, że najwyższe prawdopodobieństwo uzyskania ekonomicznej opłacalności standardowej chemicznej ochrony pszenicy ozimej w stadium wzrostu GS 31-32 może wystąpić w przypadkach stosowania preparatów o szerokim zakresie działania, wykazujących skuteczność tak przeciwko łamliwości źdźbła jak i innym chorobom zagrażającym roślinom w tym okresie.
Źródło:
Journal of Plant Protection Research; 1998, 38, 2
1427-4345
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Plant Protection Research
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Risk of damage to winter wheat by Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides [Fron] Deighton, the causal agent of eyespot. I. Field observations
Autorzy:
Jaczewska-Kalicka, A
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/65967.pdf
Data publikacji:
1998
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides
yield loss
disease risk
wheat
plant protection
field observation
risk
eyespot
damage
winter wheat
Opis:
Field studies were performed in the years 1986-1990 on the incidence, severity and harmfulness of eyespot (Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides) on naturally infected winter wheat cultivated in 6 regions of Poland. In average, over one-third of plants showed infection symptoms at GS 75-85 (ripening), the severity of the disease being predominantly low. On the basis of data recorded, infection indices (Scott and Hollins 1978) and percentages of grain yield losses (Clarkson 1981) were calculated for each year and region. Data are also given on the influence of disease on selected yield components, and on the effect of lodging on the occurrence and severity of eyespot, as related to grain yield, and some aspects of its quality. Average grain yield losses accounted for 2.37%, being the highest in south-eastern region (3.55%) and south-western region (3.52%), and the lowest in north-eastern (1.32%) and central (1.58%) regions of winter wheat cultivation in Poland.
Obserwacje oraz pomiary polowe dotyczące pojawu i nasilenia występowania łamliwości źdźbła prowadzono we wszystkich rejonach uprawy pszenicy ozimej w Polsce w latach 1986-1990. Łącznie objęto badaniami 356 pól produkcyjnych pszenicy ozimej, naturalnie porażonej przez Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides (Fron) Deighton. Choroba występowała powszechnie, ale nierównomiernie, porażając średnio w okresie 5 lat badań 39,39% roślin w czasie zbioru (GS 75-85). Najczęściej stwierdzano porażenie roślin w stopniu słabym (25,32%), natomiast rzadziej w stopniu średnim (10,38%) i stopniu silnym (3,69%). W efekcie tego porażenia średnie straty plonu wyniosły 2,37%, w zakresie od 1,32% (rejon II północno-wschodni) i 1,58% (rejon IV centralny) do 3,52% (rejon V południowo-zachodni) i 3,55% (rejon VI południowo-wschodni) . Warunki meteorologiczne najbardziej sprzyjały rozwojowi choroby w 1990 roku. Wpływ patogena na niektóre elementy plonu był najsilniejszy w odniesieniu do ciężaru ziarna z kłosa, a mniej wyraźny w stosunku do liczby ziarn w kłosie. Wyleganie zboża spowodowane wystąpieniem łamliwości źdźbła dodatkowo pogłębiało ilościowe i jakościowe straty plonu ziarna pszenicy ozimej. W konkluzji stwierdzono, że użycie fungicydów przeciwko łamliwości źdźbła jest usprawiedliwione tylko w rejonach i na polach szczególnie zagrożonych rozwojem choroby.
Źródło:
Journal of Plant Protection Research; 1998, 38, 2
1427-4345
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Plant Protection Research
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Road Safety Barriers and the Safety of Road users – the Analysis of the Situation in Poland
Autorzy:
Rzepczyk, Szymon
Majer, Jakub
Obst, Maciej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2137095.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-10-29
Wydawca:
Międzynarodowa Wyższa Szkoła Logistyki i Transportu
Tematy:
road safety barriers
damage
road safety
road accidents
risk of injury
Opis:
Road safety barriers are a basic element of the road infrastructure aimed at improving the safety of road users. Design parameters and indications for assembly are strictly regulated by the GDDKiA (General Directorate for National Roads and Motorways) guidelines in accordance with the European standards. In Poland, the most commonly used barriers are thin-walled metal sheet barriers, rope barriers, and concrete ones. The types differ in terms of technical parameters and level of security they provide. One of the purposes of installing road safety barriers is to protect road users from hitting an obstacle in the vicinity of the road, and to protect people around the accident from the effects of an uncontrolled vehicle leaving the road. The effects of a collision caused by hitting a protective road barrier depend mainly on the type of the barrier and the vehicle. The authors made a detailed and interdisciplinary analysis of data on accidents resulting from hitting a road safety barrier, comparing them with information available in the literature, combining the technical aspects of the use of barriers with a medical description of the description of typical injuries.
Źródło:
Logistics and Transport; 2022, 55-56, 3-4; 19-36
1734-2015
Pojawia się w:
Logistics and Transport
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Estimation of the mining damage risk in the hypothetical impact area of the concurrent processes of rock mass disorders
Szacowanie ryzyka powstania szkody górniczej w obszarze hipotetycznego oddziaływania współbieżnych procesów zaburzeń górotworu
Autorzy:
Piwowarski, W.
Isakow, Z.
Juzwa, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/219631.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
mining area
risk of damage
stochastic process
uncertainty
model
expert inference
imprecise probability
obszar górniczy
ryzyko powstania szkody
proces stochastyczny
niepewność
wnioskowanie eksperckie
nieprecyzyjne prawdopodobieństwo
Opis:
The aim of this work is the estimation of the risk of mining damage occurrence, based on uncertain information regarding the impact of the concurrent processes of deformation and vibration. This problem concerns the experimental and theoretical description of the so-called critical phenomena occurring during the reaction mining area ↔ building object. Post-mining deformations of the rock mass medium and paraseismic vibrations can appear at a considerable distance from the sub-area of the mining operation – hence, the determination of the measures of their impacts is usually somewhat subjective, while the estimation of the mining damage based on deterministic methods is often insufficient. It is difficult to show the correlation between the local maximum of the impact of the velocity vector amplitude and the damage to the building – especially if the measures of interaction are not additive. The parameters of these impacts, as registered by measurements, form finite sets with a highly random character. Formally, it is adequate to the mapping from the probability space to the power set. For the purposes of the present study, the Dempster – Shafer model was used, where space is characterised by subadditive and superadditive measures. Regarding the application layer, the conclusions from the expert evaluations are assumed to be the values of random variables. The model was defined, and the risk of damage occurrence was estimated.
Celem pracy jest szacowanie ryzyka powstania szkody górniczej, poprzez niepewne informacje dotyczące oddziaływania współbieżnych procesów deformacyjnych i drgań. Problem dotyczy doświadczalnego i teoretycznego opisu tak zwanych zjawisk krytycznych, zachodzących podczas reakcji teren górniczy ↔ obiekt budowlany. Pogórnicze deformacje ośrodka oraz drgania parasejsmiczne ujawniają się również w znacznej odległości od podobszaru eksploatacji – stąd też wyznaczenie miar tych oddziaływań z reguły jest nieco subiektywne a szacowanie szkody górniczej metodami deterministycznymi często jest niewystarczające. Trudno jest wykazać, że istnieje skorelowanie pomiędzy lokalnym maksimum oddziaływania amplitudy wektora prędkości a szkodą w obiekcie – zwłaszcza, jeśli miary oddziaływania nie są addytywne. Zarejestrowane w wyniku pomiaru parametry tych oddziaływań to zbiory skończone o charakterze silnie losowym. Formalnie jest to odwzorowanie z przestrzeni probabilistycznej do zbioru potęgowego. Dla celów niniejszej pracy wykorzystany został model Dempstera – Shafera, gdzie przestrzeń charakteryzują miary pod lub nadaddytywne. W warstwie aplikacyjnej skorzystano z konkluzji ocen eksperckich przyjmując je, jako wartości zmiennej losowej. Zdefiniowano model i oszacowano ryzyko wystąpienia szkody.
Źródło:
Archives of Mining Sciences; 2015, 60, 4; 889-903
0860-7001
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Mining Sciences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Approach to assess fire risk for nuclear power plants
Autorzy:
Berg, H. P.
Röwekamp, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2069409.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Morski w Gdyni. Polskie Towarzystwo Bezpieczeństwa i Niezawodności
Tematy:
fire
risk assessment
screening
compartment configuration
databases
fire induced core damage states
Opis:
The results of the first fire risk assessments on an international level have shown that fires are one major contributor to the risk of a nuclear power plant depending on the plant specific fire protection concept. Therefore, fire risk assessment has today become an integral part of the probabilistic safety assessment of nuclear power plants in addition to deterministic analyses. Based on existing guidance documents a state-ofthe-art approach for performing probabilistic fire risk assessment has also been developed in Germany. This approach has been exemplarily and completely applied to a German nuclear power plant with boiling water reactor for the full power states PSA. The general approach outlines the steps necessary for performing fire risk assessment and the prerequisites for a sound and traceable database.
Źródło:
Journal of Polish Safety and Reliability Association; 2012, 3, 1; 135--146
2084-5316
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Polish Safety and Reliability Association
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-25 z 53

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