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Tytuł:
Współczesne tendencje w obszarze ochrony konsumentów na rynku usług finansowych z uwzględnieniem regulacji instytucji ochrony konsumentów: Rzecznika Finansowego i Prezesa Urzędu Ochrony Konkurencji i Konsumentów
Contemporary trends in consumer protection on the financial services market and the regulations of consumer protection institutions: the Financial Ombudsman and President of the Office of Competition and Consumer Protection
Autorzy:
Chashchina, Sofya
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2143135.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-12-30
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
consumer
client
consumer protection
financial market
institutional consumer protection
Opis:
The article deals with some issues related to consumer (client) protection on the financial market. Legal regulations constantly change in this area. New regulations are introduced, which makes the subject of consumer protection very topical and important, especially with many accompanying transactions on the financial market. The multiplicity of legal acts and the influence of European legislation, especially EU regulations, can lead to many misunderstandings in terms of terminology. An attempt was made to clarify the concepts of consumer and client on the basis of Polish legislation. According to numerous amendments to the regulation, the entities on the market using financial services should make efforts to conduct a correct assessment of its legal situation and the possibility of using the help of institutions. The range of protected entities differ depending on the legal act that is analyzed. The author draws attention to the ways in which the legislator created a definition of a protected entity and the areas in which it provides legal protection. The analysis also includes legal provisions concerning the competences of institutions performing consumer protection functions: the Financial Ombudsman and the President of the Office of Competition and Consumers, which is a body specializing in individual consumer matters, and a public administration body. Their competences and roles, which overlap in certain areas, have been the subject of lively discussion for a time. This was due to the proposed draft act of December 2020, the provisions of which abolished the institution of the Financial Ombudsman, and transferred his competences to the President of the Office of Competition and Consumer Protection. The paper presents the direction of legal changes in the institutional area of consumer protection of financial services, the ratio of such actions, as well as the outlined European legislator’s vision of adequate consumer protection.
Źródło:
Studia Prawa Publicznego; 2021, 4 (36); 109-127
2300-3936
Pojawia się w:
Studia Prawa Publicznego
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Потенциал Применения Системы Защиты Прав Потребителей Для Обеспечения Экологической Безопасности Города
Potential Of The Application Of The Consumer Protection System To Ensure The Environmental Safety Of The City
Autorzy:
Lyga, Andriy
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1403600.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Wyższa Szkoła Ekonomiczno-Humanistyczna w Bielsku-Białej
Tematy:
consumer protection system
consumer protection policy
rational consumer
environmental safety
ecosystem
Opis:
Modern science can distinguish three main types of the origin of threats caused by human activities for the ecology and environmental safety of the planet, country, region, or city. We emphasize, that these threats have appeared in the sphere of material production, and the threats that arise in the sphere of waste management and consumption. We underline, the phenomenon of material production, on the one hand, satisfies all the basic needs of society, and on the other hand, threatens environmental safety. Material production has actualized the needs of consumers, and nowadays consumers themselves are an integral part of ecosystem life. Therefore, we underline that the current situation in Ukraine when scientific economic and legal thought in matters of ensuring environmental safety underestimates the importance of the consumer protection system for solving this problem, focusing mainly on the issues of business entities sounds rather questionable. Therefore, such excess in scientific research makes it necessary to justify the impact of the consumer protection system on environmental safety and this is the issues on which we have concentrated our research.
Źródło:
MIND Journal; 2020, 9; 1-19
2451-4454
Pojawia się w:
MIND Journal
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Creating consumer protection law vs. responsible borrowing on the consumer loan market
Autorzy:
Borys, Grażyna
Manacka, Renata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/610982.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej
Tematy:
consumer loans
consumer protection
responsible borrowing
Opis:
Responsible borrowing means a thorough reflection on the need to become indebted, full transfer of true information affecting creditworthiness, comprehensive analysis of the credit agreement, and refraining from avoiding the repayment of loan obligations. The main purpose of the article is to verify the hypothesis that Polish legislators make only the lenders fully responsible for excessive borrowing on the consumer loan market. The following research methods were used: critical analysis of the subject literature and economic analysis of the respective legal provisions. On the basis of the analyses conducted, areas were identified in which the legislator should use the appropriate legal instruments stimulating responsible borrowing. Among them the following were listed: the consumer’s obligation to prove the absence of overdue payments and the consumer’s notifiation of becoming acquainted with the terms of the loan agreement.
Responsible borrowing means a thorough reflection on the need to become indebted, full transfer of true information affecting creditworthiness, comprehensive analysis of the credit agreement, and refraining from avoiding the repayment of loan obligations. The main purpose of the article is to verify the hypothesis that Polish legislators make only the lenders fully responsible for excessive borrowing on the consumer loan market. The following research methods were used: critical analysis of the subject literature and economic analysis of the respective legal provisions. On the basis of the analyses conducted, areas were identified in which the legislator should use the appropriate legal instruments stimulating responsible borrowing. Among them the following were listed: the consumer's obligation to prove the absence of overdue payments and the consumer’s notification of becoming acquainted with the terms of the loan agreement.
Źródło:
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio H – Oeconomia; 2019, 53, 3
0459-9586
Pojawia się w:
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio H – Oeconomia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Prawo konsumenta do obniżenia całkowitego kosztu kredytu konsumenckiego – zarys problemu
The consumer’s right to reduce the total cost of consumer credit – an outline of the problem
Autorzy:
Gnych-Pietrzak, Wiktor
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1878744.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-09-30
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
consumer loan
contracts
legal interpretation
consumer protection
Opis:
The purpose of the article is to present the issues related to qualifying the costs of a consumer credit, such as commission and fees, to costs associated with the loan period, and thus subject to reduction in the event of early loan repayment. Based on the research, a thesis was formulated that for the correct transposition and implementation of EU law, it is required to ensure the possibility of reducing all costs of a consumer loan, therefore the above costs should be considered related to the loan period and should be proportionally reduced. Methodology: For the purposes of the research, the legal-dogmatic and analytical methods were used. The jurisprudence of Polish courts and the Court of Justice of the European Union was analyzed. The adopted time horizon of the study covered the period from 12/05/2010 to 31/12/2020. The judgments published in the resources of Lex and Legalis Legal Information Systems and the Portal of Judgments of Common Courts as at 31/12/2020 were taken into account. Results of the research: It was found that the judicature largely adopted a broad approach to the problem presented, even before the judgment of the CJEU in case C-383/18, which confirms the thesis adopted for the purposes of the article. Consequently, consumers who have concluded a consumer credit agreement are entitled to a proportional reduction to all costs they had to incur in connection with the concluded agreement. In particular, these are incidental, one-off costs such as commission and preparation fee, which are subjected to reduction.
Źródło:
Finanse i Prawo Finansowe; 2021, 3, 31; 41-56
2391-6478
2353-5601
Pojawia się w:
Finanse i Prawo Finansowe
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Contracts and Automation: Exploring the Normativity of Automation in the Context of U.S. Contract Law and E.U. Consumer Protection Directives
Autorzy:
Barnhizer, Daniel
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/529919.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016-12-31
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wydziału Zarządzania
Tematy:
contract automation
unconscionability
consumer protection
dispute resolution
Opis:
Given a choice between two systems of contract rules, a court or legislature may have a normative obligation to adopt the rule that is more susceptible to coding and automation. This paper explores the ramifications of that normative proposition through the lens of multiple contract doctrines that traditionally involve “messy” judgments or multiple interacting judgments regarding which human beings are – arguably – capable of making finely nuanced analyses. Using the common law doctrine of unconscionability and Polish Civil Code Article 385 on unfair terms in consumer contracts, this paper explores the differences between contract rules that require human analysis versus those that can be applied with strong reliability by automated processes. Finally, the paper analyzes some of the potential pitfalls of this normative proposition in light of technological, economic, and moral/ethical concerns.
En donnant le choix entre deux systèmes de règles contractuelles, un tribunal ou une législature peut avoir l'obligation normative d'adopter une règle qui est plus susceptible de codification et d’automatisation. Cet article analyse les conséquences de cette proposition normative à travers des différentes doctrines contractuelles qui impliquent traditionnellement des jugements “désordonnés” ou des jugements multiples dépendant de la profondeur de l’analyse. En faisant la référence à la doctrine de “common law” de l’inconscience et à l’article 385 de Code Civil polonais concernant les clauses contractuelles abusives dans les contrats conclus avec les consommateurs, cet article explore les différences entre les règles contractuelles qui exigent une analyse humaine et celles qui peuvent être appliquées avec une grande fiabilité par des processus automatisés. Enfin, le document analyse certaines difficultés potentiels de cette proposition normative à la lumière des préoccupations technologiques, économiques et morales / éthiques.
Źródło:
Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies; 2016, 9(14); 15-42
1689-9024
2545-0115
Pojawia się w:
Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Nieprawidłowości w sprzedaży łączonej i wiązanej kredytów mieszkaniowych i ubezpieczeń
Irregularities in Bundling and Tying Practices Home Loans and Insurance
Autorzy:
Nowak, Katarzyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/36095538.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
mortgage
cross selling
insurance
bancassurance
consumer protection
Opis:
Banks, as part of cooperation with insurance companies, offer customers insurances. The of insurance is securing loan repayment. Polish Financial Supervision Authority (KNF) issued a number of reports on this subject. Identified by KNF numerous irregularities and the previous nonregulation resulted in 2014 r. publish Recommendation U. After the Recommendation U the national legislator as a result of the implementation of the directives introduced many significant changes in the area of bancassurance, which fundamentally changed the way banks offer insurance and strengthened the position of consumers. The idea of offering home loans with insurance is currently being realized as part of bundling and in certain situations also in tying practices and the position of the consumer is strengthened for example by information obligations imposed on banks. The main purpose of the article is to present the definition of the concept, forms and the scope of its application by the search banks, causes and consequences of improper bundling and tying practices and to indicate repair solutions. The presented objective of the project fits in with the research gap in the literature on the subject. Currently, there are no studies that would analyze the consequences for consumers of bundling and tying practices insurance with a home loan. Methodology. In theoretical part of the article author used analysis of the literature and a review of legal regularions. In order to determine the nature of irregularities occurring in the process of offering insurance by banks author used analysis how banks offers mortgage credit with insurance. Author also used in the article several examples of complains submitted by consumer to Financial Ombudsman in the years 2017–2021. The result of the research. The research allowed to notice current irregularities that may indicate a violation of consumer interests on the bancassurance. The identified irregularities are occuring for example in offering insurance that is unsuited to the client’s needs, misleading or concluding a contract basing only verbal information. The mismatch of loan repayment insurance is largely due to deficiencies in the credit process.
Źródło:
Finanse i Prawo Finansowe; 2022, 2 (Numer Specjalny); 35-47
2391-6478
2353-5601
Pojawia się w:
Finanse i Prawo Finansowe
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
State Policy of Consumer Protection in the Digital Financial Services Market in Ukraine
Autorzy:
Lobozynska, Sophia
Skomorovych, Iryna
Vladychyn, Ulyana
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1022739.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-02-06
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
financial consumer protection
digital financial services and products
public policy for consumer protection of digital financial services
Opis:
The rapid development of digital financial technologies in Ukraine leads to the emergence of new risks and to significant consumers’ losses in the financial market. The aim of the study is to develop strategic directions of state policy of consumer protection in the digital financial services market considering the best world practices and features of the financial system of Ukraine.System scientific analysis was used to study the possibilities of implementing international quality standards for digital financial services in Ukrainian legislation. The method of statistical analysis of data was used to form the imperial basis of the study.Based on the global experience and taking into account the peculiarities of Ukrainian fintech market the state policy should consist of three strategic directions: 1) create a system of legal regulation of the mechanism of protection of consumers’ rights of digital financial services; 2)introducing a risk-oriented approach to regulating the digital financial services delivery processto consumers; 3) strengthening of digital financial literacy and public awareness. Such state policy will form a reliable system of consumer protection in the digital services market in Ukraine.
Źródło:
Finanse i Prawo Finansowe; 2020, 2, 26; 51-62
2391-6478
2353-5601
Pojawia się w:
Finanse i Prawo Finansowe
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
State Policy of Consumer Protection in the Digital Financial Services Market in Ukraine
Autorzy:
Lobozynska, Sophia
Skomorovych, Iryna
Vladychyn, Ulyana
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2121688.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-09-03
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
financial consumer protection
digital financial services and products
public policy for consumer protection of digital financial services
Opis:
The rapid development of digital financial technologies in Ukraine leads to the emergence of new risks and to significant consumers’ losses in the financial market. The aim of the study is to develop strategic directions of state policy of consumer protection in the digital financial services market considering the best world practices and features of the financial system of Ukraine. System scientific analysis was used to study the possibilities of implementing international quality standards for digital financial services in Ukrainian legislation. The method of statistical analysis of data was used to form the imperial basis of the study. Based on the global experience and taking into account the peculiarities of Ukrainian fintech market the state policy should consist of three strategic directions: 1) create a system of legal regulation of the mechanism of protection of consumers’ rights of digital financial services; 2) introducing a risk-oriented approach to regulating the digital financial services delivery process to consumers; 3) strengthening of digital financial literacy and public awareness. Such state policy will form a reliable system of consumer protection in the digital services market in Ukraine.
Źródło:
Finanse i Prawo Finansowe; 2021, Numer Specjalny; 89-100
2391-6478
2353-5601
Pojawia się w:
Finanse i Prawo Finansowe
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Blaski i cienie członkostwa Polski w Unii Europejskiej na przykładzie implementacji unijnych przepisów o gwarancji jakości w obrocie konsumenckim.
Implementation of Rules on Consumer Sales Guarantees in Polish Legal System – Bright and Shadow Sites of Membership in the European Union
Autorzy:
Kubiak-Cyrul, Agnieszka
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/505333.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Krakowska Akademia im. Andrzeja Frycza Modrzewskiego
Tematy:
consumer sales directive
guarantee
polish civil code
consumer protection
Opis:
This paper provides an analysis of the rules of consumer sales guarantees in polish civil law, which evolved under the influence of the Consumer Sales Directive. Implementation of the Consumer Sales Directive in the area of guarantees didn’t have a positive effect in Poland. Before the implementation, polish legal system offered advanced system of rules on consumer sales guarantees. Introducing the directive has resulted in lowering the level of consumer protection in this scope.
Źródło:
Krakowskie Studia Międzynarodowe; 2014, 1; 67-79
1733-2680
2451-0610
Pojawia się w:
Krakowskie Studia Międzynarodowe
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Misselling jako nadużywanie zaufania klienta na rynku finansowym
Misselling as an abuse of customer trust in the financial market
Autorzy:
Paduszyńska, Marta
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/652666.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
unfair practices
misselling
financial market
consumer protection
Opis:
The amendment to the act on competition and consumer protection, in force since 17 April 2016, introduced a ban on the so-called ‘misselling’ as a new type of practice that violates collective consumer interests. The sale of products that are not suited to the needs of clients is a frequent reason for complaints to courts and institutions of consumer protection. Thus, it has a negative impact on clients' trust in financial market entities, because it exposes them to unnecessary risk and generates additional service costs. The financial services market is a type of market that has a significant impact on its customers. The source of threats may be the fact that financial institutions operate in an area of increased risk with a relatively low share of equity, and also, they rely on the funds entrusted to them by clients. The aim of this paper is to identify the phenomenon of misselling, explain the reasons for which it is undesirable from the point of view of consumer protection, and present solutions for its reduction. The paper is based on a review, analysis, and synthesis of selected publications (domestic and foreign) which are important from the point of view of the topic. Moreover, the paper includes an analysis of secondary data from official documents and reports of financial market entities.
Źródło:
Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym; 2019, 22, 3; 45-60
1899-2226
2353-4869
Pojawia się w:
Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ramy prawne aspektow sharing economy w Polsce
Legal frameworks governing the aspects of the sharing economy in Poland
Autorzy:
Aleksandra, Nadolska
Wojciech, Nadolski
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2215861.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Kancelaria Sejmu. Biuro Analiz Sejmowych
Tematy:
sharing economy
EU
consumer protection
tax burdens
Opis:
Basing on general theories on the sharing economy, the authors describe the key concepts of legal framework governing that phenomenon, which arise at the EU level and the national one, in particular regarding such issues as tax and economic law as consumer protection. The phenomenon is not only a matter of theory and law, because the sharing economy is an important part of everyday life, while its economic significance clearly translates into market values. The study does not exhaust legal and tax aspects of the sharing economy, which are extremely complex and multi-faceted.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS; 2019, 2(62); 9-26
1896-9852
2082-064X
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Marketing sent by banks to e-mail address in compliance with the law
Autorzy:
Wysocka, Kamila
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1978067.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Akademia Leona Koźmińskiego w Warszawie
Tematy:
advertising law
marketing
consumer protection
spam
data protection
mailing
Opis:
This article covers considerations on the e-mail marketing of financial products and services aimed at consumers. The research paper presents the practice of banks used by those institutions in the e-marketing; basic concepts such as information, offer, advertisement, communication or spam have been considered. The article addresses in particular relevant problems linked to sending advertising materials by e-mail, i.e specifying what types of messages a bank may send to its customers, whether a bank may send such messages to all its customers, whether a bank may send such messages only to its customers, what the consumers rights with respect to receiving unwanted and unsolicited commercial information are. The research paper took into consideration current judicature and views of legal writers.
Źródło:
Krytyka Prawa. Niezależne Studia nad Prawem; 2018, 10, 2; 432-446
2080-1084
2450-7938
Pojawia się w:
Krytyka Prawa. Niezależne Studia nad Prawem
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
PRAKTYKA OCHRONY KONSUMENTÓW NA PRZYKŁADZIE MIEJSKIEGO RZECZNIKA KONSUMENTÓW W RZESZOWIE
THE PRACTICE OF CONSUMER PROTECTION BASED ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE MUNICIPAL OFFICE OF FAIR TRADE IN RZESZÓW
Autorzy:
Zioło, Mateusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/512860.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Rzeszowski. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego
Tematy:
consumer
consumers rights
consumer protection
Municipal Office of Fair Trade
Opis:
Consumer protection is impossible without existence of a professional institution which remains outside current mainstream of policy making. One of them is the Municipal Office of Fair Trade. The subject of the article is to analyze and assess the activities of the Municipal Office of Fair Trade on behalf of the consumer in Rzeszów, while the purpose is to highlight the role and importance of this entity in the system of consumer protection institutions.
Źródło:
Polityka i Społeczeństwo; 2013, 11, 4; 68-82 (15)
1732-9639
Pojawia się w:
Polityka i Społeczeństwo
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Consumer Policy in Poland in the Period of Transformation
Autorzy:
Malczyńska-Biały, Mira
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1390790.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018-03-28
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
consumer protection
economic policy
consumer policy
social policy
systemic transformation
Opis:
The article is based on an analysis of Polish and international legal acts, government programs and literature, and aims at presenting the concept and the scope of consumer policy in the period of systemic transformation in Poland. The publication features an analysis of the major factors shaping consumer policy in Poland in the years 1989-2004. Selected international legal acts affecting consumer protection in the years 1989-1997 were also analyzed. Elements of consumer policy present in selected governmental economic programs in the period of transformation were synthesized. It was assumed that consumer policy in the period of systemic transformation indirectly resulted from the economic policy of the government. Its shape was primarily affected by the social and economic transformation occurring since 1989 and the birth of free-market economy. The process of adjusting the Polish legislation to the European Union standards, which began in 1991, and subsequent accession to the European Union in 2004 also played an important role.
Źródło:
Studia Historiae Oeconomicae; 2017, 35; 129-141
0081-6485
Pojawia się w:
Studia Historiae Oeconomicae
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Projekt zmian w ustawie o ochronie konkurencji i konsumentów oraz Kodeksie postępowania cywilnego – kilka subiektywnych uwag
Proposed changes to competition law and civil procedure – a few subjective comments
Autorzy:
Bagdziński, Tomasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/508172.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015-06-30
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wydziału Zarządzania
Tematy:
prawo konkurencji
ochrona konsumenta
competition law
consumer protection
Opis:
Artykuł jest opinią autora na temat proponowanych zmian w ustawie o ochronie konkurencji i konsumentów oraz Kodeksie postępowania cywilnego, których wnioskodawcą jest Prezes UOKiK. Autor przedstawia założenia nowelizacji, jej ocenę, a także propozycje alternatywnych rozwiązań problemów zdefiniowanych przez wnioskodawcę nowelizacji.
This article presents a subjective opinion of the author on some changes, currently championed by the Polish competition authority, to be introduced into Polish competition law as well as its civil procedure rules. Presented in the paper is the essence of these draft amendments, the views of the Author on this draft as well as shows alternative solutions to key problems defined by the NCA and addressed in the draft.
Źródło:
internetowy Kwartalnik Antymonopolowy i Regulacyjny; 2015, 4, 2; 110-117
2299-5749
Pojawia się w:
internetowy Kwartalnik Antymonopolowy i Regulacyjny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Problem odpowiedzialności za nienależyte wykonanie obowiązku informacyjnego
Autorzy:
Dziedzic, Magdalena
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1788240.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017-07-09
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Tematy:
ochrona konsumenta
prawo umów
contract law
consumer protection
Opis:
In European contract law and consumer law the nature of protection through information is based on imposing on business an obligation to make a declaration of knowledge to a consumer, which should enable them to make a rational decision. The implementation of efficient regulations regarding the liability for the improper fulfillment of information duties aims to maintain the level of trust between contracting parties on optimal level, and, as a result, to lead to balancing of their position respecting the freedom of contract principle. Polish model of consumer protection through information, in particular in the area of the liability for the improper fulfillment of information duties by business requires a lot of changes. In national law it is specially problematic, the lack of definition of general, legal consequences of failure to provide obligatory information, providing it in an incomplete, unclear way, but without the intention to mislead the other party.
Źródło:
Studia Prawnicze; 2017, 4 (212); 93-122
0039-3312
2719-4302
Pojawia się w:
Studia Prawnicze
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Prawnokarne źródła inspiracji w prawie ochrony konkurencji i konsumentów
Autorzy:
Materna, Grzegorz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/48899238.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023-01-23
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
Tematy:
competition law
consumer protection law
UOKiK
criminal law
Opis:
The article deals with the issue of referrals to the study of criminal law as sources of inspiration for the enforcement of public law rules of competition and consumer protection (Act of February 16, 2007, on Competition and Consumer Protection (Journal of Laws of 2021, item 275) (oukk)). It is now widely accepted in antitrust jurisprudence that although the liability of the parties to the proceedings before the President of the Office of Competition and Consumer Protection (UOKiK) is not of criminal nature, and fines imposed by the President of UOKiK are not penalties within the meaning of the Criminal Code, the rules of judicial verification of the correctness of UOKiK’s decisions imposing these sanctions should meet the requirements analogous to those applicable by a court adjudicating in a criminal case. However, while there is little doubt that antitrust authorities should be required to apply standards of protection of fundamental rights as derived from the study of criminal law and international sources (European Convention on Human Rights, Charter of Fundamental Rights), the issue of transferring to competition and consumer law other standards recognized in criminal law remains open. The current jurisprudence contains divergent positions on this issue. The Supreme Court emphasized that „there are no justified grounds for applying the provisions of the general part of the Penal Code under the regime of administrative liability” (case I NSK 4/18). On the other hand, it approved references by analogy to the solutions taken from the Criminal Code in the absence of similar provisions in the uokk (case I NSK 8/19) or in cases where competition law uses concepts taken from criminal law (case I NSK 62/18). The article presents both of the jurisprudence lines mentioned above. In addition, the article point outs issues of competition and consumer protection law in the case of which, in the author’s opinion, the use of concepts derived from the study of criminal law would be justified.
Źródło:
Studia Iuridica; 2022, 93; 189-208
0137-4346
Pojawia się w:
Studia Iuridica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Public Enforcement of Consumer Law in Poland: Mission Impossible?
Autorzy:
Mucha, Jagna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2082949.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Akademia Leona Koźmińskiego w Warszawie
Tematy:
consumer protection
collective consumer interests
public enforcement
Act on Competition and Consumer Protection
practices infringing collective consumer interests
abusive clauses used in standard agreements
Opis:
The paper focuses on the issue of public enforcement of consumer law in Poland. This analysis considers exclusively the stage of administrative proceedings and it does not concern judicial control over the decisions issued. The analysis aims at answering the question whether the phenomenon of legal impossibilism is to be observed in the domain administrative proceedings instituted by the President of the UOKiK with the purpose of implementing consumer policy. The hypotheses to be verified in the foregoing are as follows: (i) there are procedural mechanisms which enable an authority to effectuate protection of consumer rights, operating to the public benefit, and that (ii) it might be reasonable to expect that these mecha nisms are exploited in practice by the President of the UOKiK. The first part con siders the legal framework for enforcing consumer rights with the use of public law mechanisms in Poland. In the second part, the discussion revolves around the practical application of the legal instruments by the President of the UOKiK. The conclusions constitute a starting point to initiate further, in depth empirical studies related to the activities undertaken by the President of the UOKiK with the aim to effectuate protection of consumer rights in Poland.
Źródło:
Krytyka Prawa. Niezależne Studia nad Prawem; 2021, 13, 2; 29-4
2080-1084
2450-7938
Pojawia się w:
Krytyka Prawa. Niezależne Studia nad Prawem
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Projekt zmian w ustawie o ochronie konkurencji i konsumentów oraz Kodeksie postępowania cywilnego – kilka subiektywnych uwag
Proposed changes to competition law and civil procedure – a few subjective comments
Autorzy:
Bagdziński, Tomasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/507916.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015-06-30
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wydziału Zarządzania
Tematy:
prawo konkurencji
ochrona konsumenta
competition law
consumer protection
Opis:
Artykuł jest opinią autora na temat proponowanych zmian w ustawie o ochronie konkurencji i konsumentów oraz Kodeksie postępowania cywilnego, których wnioskodawcą jest Prezes UOKiK. Autor przedstawia założenia nowelizacji, jej ocenę, a także propozycje alternatywnych rozwiązań problemów zdefiniowanych przez wnioskodawcę nowelizacji.
This article presents a subjective opinion of the author on some changes, currently championed by the Polish competition authority, to be introduced into Polish competition law as well as its civil procedure rules. Presented in the paper is the essence of these draft amendments, the views of the Author on this draft as well as shows alternative solutions to key problems defined by the NCA and addressed in the draft.
Źródło:
internetowy Kwartalnik Antymonopolowy i Regulacyjny; 2015, 4, 4; 110-117
2299-5749
Pojawia się w:
internetowy Kwartalnik Antymonopolowy i Regulacyjny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Regulatory Consumer in EU and National Law? Case Study of the Normative Concept of the Consumer in Hungary and Poland
Autorzy:
Cseres, Katalin
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/529963.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016-06-30
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wydziału Zarządzania
Tematy:
consumer protection
consumer image
EU
Central and Eastern Europe
law enforcement
Opis:
This paper analyzes the question how EU and national laws implemented and how courts and regulatory authorities apply two opposing regulatory approaches and the corresponding legally defined images of consumers in market regulation: the active and responsible consumer concept on the one side along with the more protective concept of vulnerable consumers on the other side. The paper examines the normative concept of the consumer from a broad perspective of market regulation by focussing on unfair commercial practices as this is a horizontal instrument involving a broad range of transactions in various markets and because the Unfair Commercial practices Directive 2005/29 specifically lays down the normative concept of the consumer (both ‘average’ and ‘vulnerable’) in its provisions. The analysis proceeds on the basis of the normative standard as developed in the ECJ’s jurisprudence on free movement rules and further provides a case study of two Central and Eastern European Member States – Hungary and Poland. It examines how EU law and national laws implemented, and how the ECJ and national courts and regulatory authorities interpret the normative concepts of the consumer (both ‘average’ and ‘vulnerable’). The specific questions the paper analyzes are: Do the existing normative notions of the ‘average’ consumer and the definition of consumers in EU and national law correspond to public policy discourse on consumers’ active role in regulating markets? How do these laws address the vulnerability of consumers? How do the EU and national law notions conceptually link to each other? And most importantly how do courts and regulatory authorities interpret these notions? The paper finds that while there are clear normative concepts of the consumer in the legislation and EU free movement jurisprudence, their application in other fields of EU consumer law, as well as in national law, demonstrate a more nuanced image of the consumer. The paper argues that the legal rules and the envisaged concepts of the consumer need to be enriched by insights from law enforcement. Moreover, both law and law enforcement must be informed both of how markets evolve and how the role of consumers changes as well as enriched by the results from other social sciences, most notably behavioural economics studying consumer behaviour.
Cet article analyse la question comment le droit de l’Union européenne et le droit national mettent en œuvre, ainsi que comment les tribunaux et les autorités de régulation appliquent, deux approches réglementaires opposées à l’image légal du consommateur dans le domaine de la réglementation des marchés : d’une part le concept de consommateur actif et responsable, et d’autre part le concept plus protectrice de consommateur vulnérable. L’article examine le concept normatif du consommateur dans une large perspective de régulation du marché en mettant l'accent sur des pratiques commerciales déloyales. C’est parce que c’est un instrument horizontal qui implique un vaste éventail de transactions sur les différents marchés et parce que le Directive 2005/29 relative aux pratiques commerciales déloyales des entreprises prévoit le concept normatif du consommateur (« moyen » et « vulnérable ») dans ses dispositions. L’analyse est basée sur le standard normatif développé dans la jurisprudence de la Cour de justice de l’Union européenne concernant les dispositions sur la libre circulation, mais elle fournit aussi une étude de cas de deux États Membres d’Europe centrale et orientale - la Hongrie et la Pologne. Il examine comment le droit de l’Union européenne et les droits nationaux mettent en œuvre, et comment la Cour de justice de l’Union européenne, les cours nationales et les autorités de régulation interprètent, les concepts normatifs du consommateur (« moyen » et « vulnérable »). Les questions spécifiques analysées dans l’article sont suivantes : Est-ce que les notions normatives concernant le consommateur « moyen » et la définition du consommateur dans le droit de l’Union européenne et la législation nationale correspondent aux discours de la politique publique sur le rôle actif des consommateurs dans la régulation des marchés? Comment ces lois traitent la vulnérabilité des consommateurs? Comment les concepts utilisés dans le droit de l’Union européenne et le droit national sont liées ? Et surtout, comment les tribunaux et les autorités réglementaires interprètent ces notions? L’article constate que bien qu'il existe des concepts normatifs clairs du consommateur dans la législation de l’Union européenne et dans la jurisprudence de la Cour de justice de l’Union européenne concernant la libre circulation, leur application dans d’autres domaines du droit européen, notamment dans le droit du consommateur, ainsi que dans le droit national, démontrent une image plus nuancée du consommateur. L’article affirme que les règles juridiques et les concepts du consommateur doivent être enrichis par les expériences de l’application du droit. De plus, le droit et le système de son application doivent prendre en compte comment les marchés évoluent et comment le rôle des consommateurs change. De plus, le droit et le système de son application doivent être enrichi par l’expérience d'autres sciences sociales, notamment l'économie comportementale focalisé sur le comportement des consommateurs.
Źródło:
Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies; 2016, 9(13); 9-42
1689-9024
2545-0115
Pojawia się w:
Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Urząd Ochrony Konkurencji i Konsumenta jako podmiot polityki ochrony konsumenta we współczesnej Polsce
Office of competition and consumer protection as subject of consumer protection policy in modern Poland
Autorzy:
Malczyńska-Biały, Mira
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/26850778.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008
Wydawca:
Akademia Zamojska
Tematy:
Antimonopoly Office
Association of Polish Consumers
Consumer
Consumer Federation
consumer policy
consumer protection
Office of Competition and Consumer Protection
Subjects of consumer protection
Federacja Konsumentów
konsument
ochrona konsumenta
polityka konsumencka
Stowarzyszenie Konsumentów Polskich
Urząd Antymonopolowy
Urząd Ochrony Konkurencji i Konsumentów
Opis:
Artykuł dotyczy pozycji i roli Urzędu Ochrony Konkurencji i Konsumentów w kreowaniu polityki ochrony konsumenta we współczesnej Polsce. Urząd Ochrony Konkurencji i Konsumentów jest ukazany na tle innych podmiotów ochrony konsumenta poprzez scharakteryzowanie jego genezy, struktury organizacyjnej, podstawy prawnej oraz głównych zadań w zakresie polityki konsumenckiej. W kolejnej części publikacji przeanalizowane zostaną wybrane aspekty rządowej Strategii polityki konsumenckiej na lata 2007-2009, która określa obecne oraz przyszłe zadania „Urzędu”.
The article presents the position and role of the “Office of Competition and Consumer Protection” in creation consumer protection policy in modern Poland. The “Office of competition and consumer protection” has been showed on background of other consumer protection subjects, through description of its origin, development, organizational structure, legal base and the main infliction in range of consumer policy. It this publication also resolve the governmental Consumer Policy Strategy 2007-2009 which outlines the basis of the activities of the “Offi ce” nowadays and in the future.
Źródło:
Facta Simonidis; 2008, 1, 1; 163-173
1899-3109
Pojawia się w:
Facta Simonidis
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Social responsibility of the manufacturer in a scope of product safety
Społeczna odpowiedzialność producenta w zakresie bezpieczeństwa produktów
Autorzy:
Hąbek, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/360259.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Akademia Morska w Szczecinie. Wydawnictwo AMSz
Tematy:
CSR
RAPEX
HERMES
interesariusze
ochrona konsumenta
stakeholders
consumer protection
Opis:
In this paper product safety issues were presented from the perspective of running a socially responsible company. The first part outlined the concept of corporate social responsibility (CSR). Then two initiatives related to this concept were presented, stressing the themes on consumer protection. Next the regulations and systems to ensure the health and safety of consumers were discussed.
W artykule przedstawiona została problematyka bezpieczeństwa produktów z perspektywy działania przedsiębiorstwa społecznie odpowiedzialnego. W pierwszej części zarysowano pojęcie społecznej odpowiedzialności przedsiębiorstw (CSR). W dalszej kolejności zaprezentowano dwie inicjatywy związane z tą koncepcją, a w szczególności zwrócono uwagę na zawartą w nich tematykę ochrony konsumentów. Następnie omówiono regulacje prawne oraz systemy mające na celu zapewnienie ochrony zdrowia i bezpieczeństwa konsumentów.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie; 2011, 27 (99) z. 1; 52-58
1733-8670
2392-0378
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
From the Roots to the Present of Personal Financial Planning – Achievements on the 50th Anniversary of the Movement
Autorzy:
Waliszewski, Krzysztof
Welch, H. Oliver
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1022956.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-03-31
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
personal financial planning
financial advisors
personal finance
consumer protection
Opis:
The purpose of the article The aim of the article is to present the reasons for the emergence of personal and financial planning in the 1960s in the US, and then its quantitative and qualitative evolution around the world, taking into account institutional aspects. Methodology Review of the literature on the subject, legal acts and statistics of the financial advisory movement. Results of the research The study found that personal financial planning emerged from a grassroots initiative as a response to the needs of consumers and progressive representatives of the financial sector. Its territorial expansion beyond its homeland was associated with a growing awareness of the benefits of financial advisory services to households. Before the entire financial planning movement there is enormous growth potential.
Źródło:
Finanse i Prawo Finansowe; 2021, 1, 29; 129-153
2391-6478
2353-5601
Pojawia się w:
Finanse i Prawo Finansowe
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Niepewność interpretacyjna zapisów ochrony ubezpieczeniowej konsumentów ubezpieczeń na życie oferowanych do kredytów mieszkaniowych na przykładzie wybranych ofert
Interpretation uncertainty of consumer life insurance offered by selected banks
Autorzy:
Nowak, Katarzyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1878751.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-09-30
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
mortgage
life insurance
collateral of loans
bancassurance
consumer protection
Opis:
Bundled package of home loans and insurance are a natural phenomenon. Banks treat insurance as the primary security for the credit. For the consumer–borrower can help in financial difficulty. The purpose of insurance added to the loan is to reduce the risk of inability of borrowers to pay back their loans to banks and to ensure the safety of the insured or beneficiary of the insurance policy Therefore, insurance added to the loans should effectively protect borrowers. However, bundled package entails the risk of mismatching the insurance cover with the individual policy-holder insurance needs. Consumer–borrower may not be aware of the scope of insurance protection, which results from the insurance contract and general insurance terms and conditions. Therefore, in order to properly understand the offer of insurance, it becomes necessary to familiarize the borrower–the consumer with the general insurance conditions. However, as research shows, there is a big problem on the insurance sector with unintelligible insurance policy. The purpose of the article/hypothesis: The aim of the article is to compare and assess the scope of insurance cover based on the provisions of the general conditions of life insurance added to home loans by the two largest banks in Poland. Methodology: The article uses a comparative analysis of the scope of insurance cover on the based on provisions of the general conditions of insurance. The following categories have been selected from the general conditions of insurance: subject of insurance, definitions of events covered by the liability of the insurer, nature of benefits, amount of insurance and exclusions and limitations of liability. Results of the research: the analysis of the scope of insurance cover at selected banks in the article shows that selected categories from the general terms and conditions of insurance limit the potential level of insurance cover. After reviewing the general terms and conditions of insurance, consumer–borrower is not sure whether he will get help from the insurer when he needs it.
Źródło:
Finanse i Prawo Finansowe; 2021, 3, 31; 89-105
2391-6478
2353-5601
Pojawia się w:
Finanse i Prawo Finansowe
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Rozszerzenie ochrony konsumenckiej w kodeksie cywilnym
Extending consumer protection in the Civil Code
Autorzy:
Wiak, Joanna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1052613.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-05-31
Wydawca:
Polskie Wydawnictwo Ekonomiczne
Tematy:
ochrona konsumencka
kodeks cywilny
przedsiębiorca
konsument
consumer protection
civil code
entrepreneur
consumer
Opis:
Artykuł obejmuje analizę zmian w Kodeksie cywilnym dokonanych mocą art. 1 pkt 1–3 ustawy z 31.07.2019 r. o zmianie niektórych ustaw w celu ograniczenia obciążeń regulacyjnych, które wchodzą w życie 1.06.2020 r. Zakładają one rozszerzenie ochrony konsumenckiej w niektórych czynnościach prawnych z udziałem przedsiębiorców. Mają dotyczyć objęcia ochroną przewidzianą dla konsumentów osoby fizycznej zawierającej umowę bezpośrednio związaną z jej działalnością gospodarczą, gdy z treści tej umowy wynika, że nie posiada ona dla niej charakteru zawodowego, wynikającego w szczególności z przedmiotu wykonywanej przez nią działalności gospodarczej, udostępnionego na podstawie przepisów o Centralnej Ewidencji i Informacji o Działalności Gospodarczej. Zmiany należy ocenić negatywnie. Są one zbędne i prowadzą wyłącznie do pogłębienia istniejącego chaosu terminologicznego. Analiza przesłanek warunkujących rozszerzenie ochrony konsumenckiej prowadzi do wniosku, że taka osoba fizyczna korzysta z ochrony jako konsument w rozumieniu art. 221 k.c. W istocie jest to bowiem osoba fizyczna zawierająca z przedsiębiorcą umowę, która jest wyłącznie pośrednio związana z jej działalnością gospodarczą.
The article covers an analysis of changes in the Civil Code made by Article 1 point 1–3 of the Act of 31 July 2019 amending certain acts in order to limit regulatory burdens, which enter into force on 1 June 1 2020. Their assumption is to extend consumer protection in certain legal transactions with the participation of entrepreneurs. They are to concern the protection provided for consumers of a natural person concluding a contract directly related to his business, when the content of this contract indicates that he doesn't have a professional nature for him, resulting in particular from the subject of his business, made available under the provisions on Central Registration and Information on Economic Activity. Changes should be assessed negatively. They are unnecessary and lead only to the deepening of existing terminological confusion. The analysis of terms conditioning the extension of consumer protection leads to the conclusion that such a natural person enjoys protection as a consumer within the meaning of Article 221 of the Civil Code. In fact, it is a natural person concluding a contract with the entrepreneur who is only indirectly related to his business.
Źródło:
Przegląd Ustawodawstwa Gospodarczego; 2020, 5; 33-38
0137-5490
Pojawia się w:
Przegląd Ustawodawstwa Gospodarczego
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-25 z 199

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