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Wyszukujesz frazę "connectedness" wg kryterium: Temat


Tytuł:
Killing Circumstances of Inequality: Some Concerns about Elder People in Poland during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Autorzy:
Skowrońska, Małgorzata
Abłażewicz-Górnicka, Urszula
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1931887.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-06-30
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
Polska
seniors
social connectedness
inequality
COVID-19.
Opis:
According to official statistics, older people are particularly vulnerable to severe illness. Especially those who suffer from frail health are more likely to have deadly coronavirus infection than other age groups. For sure, age and preexisting medical conditions are significant indicators of vulnerability risk to severe infection, but old age interact with many other factors that may render the elderly at risk. The important implication is that the options available to older people are contingent upon inequalities. Some of them will eventually face common difficulties later in life, while others will face the same problems but do it alone with few resources. In other words, aging itself is a stratified process. Disease impacts are not random, nor are the burdens of disease carried equally by all members of affected populations. The consequences of the disease most often heavily affect those who are in a socially vulnerable position.
Źródło:
Kultura i Edukacja; 2021, 2(132); 40-49
1230-266X
Pojawia się w:
Kultura i Edukacja
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The mean reversion/persistence of financial cycles: Empirical evidence for 24 countries worldwide
Autorzy:
Lv, Shengnan
Xu, Zeshui
Fan, Xuecheng
Qin, Yong
Skare, Marinko
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/22443105.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Instytut Badań Gospodarczych
Tematy:
financial cycles
financial connectedness
financial crisis
systemic risk
Opis:
Research background: The globalization trend has inevitably enhanced the connectivity of global financial markets, making the cyclicality of financial activities and the spread of market imbalances have received widespread attention, especially after the global financial crisis. Purpose of the article: To reduce the negative effects of the contagiousness of the financial cycles, it is necessary to study the persistence of financial cycles and carve out the total connectedness, spillover paths, and sources of risks on a global scale. In addition, understanding the relationship between the financial cycle and economic development is an important way to prevent financial crises. Methods: This paper adopts the nonlinear smoothing transition autoregressive (STAR) model to extract cyclical and phase characteristics of financial cycles based on 24 countries during 1971Q1?2015Q4, covering developed and developing countries, the Americas, Europe, and Asia regions. In addition, the frequency connectedness approach is used to measure the connectedness of financial cycles and the relationship between the global financial cycle and the global economy. Findings & value added: The analysis reveals that aggregate financial cycles persist for 13.3 years for smoothed and 8.7 years for unsmoothed on average. The national financial cycles are asynchronous and exhibit more prolonged expansions and faster contractions. The connectedness of financial cycles is highly correlated with systemic crises and contributes to the persistence and harmfulness of shocks. It is mainly driven by short-term components and exhibits more pronounced interconnectedness within regions than across regions. During the financial crisis, the global financial cycle movements precede and are longer than the business fluctuations. Based on the study, some policy implications are presented. This paper emphasizes the impact of systemic crises on the persistence of financial cycles and their connectedness, which contributes to refining research related to the coping mechanisms of financial crises.
Źródło:
Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy; 2023, 18, 1; 11-47
1689-765X
2353-3293
Pojawia się w:
Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Set-valued minimax fractional programming problems under -cone arcwise connectedness
Autorzy:
Das, Koushik
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2183488.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Badań Systemowych PAN
Tematy:
convex cone
set-valued map
contingent epiderivative
arcwise connectedness
duality
Opis:
In this paper, we consider a set-valued minimax fractional programming problem (MFP), where the objective as well as constraint maps are set-valued. We introduce the notion of ρ- cone arcwise connectedness of set-valued maps as a generalization of cone arcwise connected set-valued maps. We establish the sufficient Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) conditions for the existence of minimizers of the problem (MFP) under ρ-cone arcwise connectedness assumption. Further, we study the Mond-Weir (MWD), Wolfe (WD), and mixed (MD) types of duality models and prove the corresponding weak, strong, and converse duality theorems between the primal (MFP) and the corresponding dual problems under ρ-cone arcwise connectedness assumption.
Źródło:
Control and Cybernetics; 2022, 51, 1; 43--69
0324-8569
Pojawia się w:
Control and Cybernetics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Dynamic dependencies and return connectedness among stock, gold and Bitcoin markets: Evidence from South Asia and China
Autorzy:
Zeng, Hongjun
Lu, Ran
Ahmed, Abdullahi D.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/22443106.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Instytut Badań Gospodarczych
Tematy:
South Asia and China
gold
Bitcoin
dependency and connectedness
COVID-19
Opis:
Research background: In order to examine market uncertainty, the paper depicts broad patterns of risk and systematic exposure to global equity market shocks for the major South Asian and Chinese equity markets, as well as for specific assets (gold and Bitcoin). Purpose of the article: The purpose of this paper is to investigate the dynamic correlation among the major South Asian equity markets (India and Pakistan), the Chinese equity markets, the MSCI developed markets, Bitcoin, and gold markets. Methods: While applying the GARCH-Vine-Copula model and the TVP-VAR Connectedness approach, major patterns of dependency and interconnectedness between these markets are investigated. Findings & value added: We find that risk shocks from developed equity markets are critical in these dynamic links. A net return spillover from Bitcoin to the Chinese and Pakistani stock markets throughout the sample period is reported. Interestingly, gold can be applied to hedge and diversify positions in China and major South Asian markets, particularly following the COVID-19 outbreak. Our paper presents three main original add valued: (1) This paper adds global factors to the targeted study of risk transmission among South Asian and Chinese stock markets for the first time. (2)The assets of Bitcoin and gold were added to the study of risk transmission among South Asian and Chinese stock markets for the first time, enabling the research in this paper to observe the non-linear link among the South Asian and Chinese stock markets with them. (3) Our research adds to these lines of inquiry by giving empirical evidence on how COVID-19 altered the dependent structure and return spillover dynamics of Bitcoin, gold and South Asian and Chinese stock markets for the first time. Our results have critical implications for investors and policymakers to effectively understand the nature of market forces and develop risk-averse strategies.
Źródło:
Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy; 2023, 18, 1; 49-87
1689-765X
2353-3293
Pojawia się w:
Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Evaluation of the post-crisis EU banking network connectedness in the global context
Autorzy:
Legenzova, Renata
Gaigalienė, Asta
Jurakovaitė, Otilija
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/19090891.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Instytut Badań Gospodarczych
Tematy:
network analysis
financial connectedness
regionalization
EU banking network
global banking network
Opis:
Research background: The global banking network has been undergoing structural changes since the recent financial crisis. Previous studies on connectedness of global banking network during post-crisis period revealed the trends of regionalization and segmentation. Our previous research has also shown that during post-crisis period the level of regionalization within the EU banking network has increased; the network became more clustered and more decentralized. This paper continues our research of structural changes of EU banking network during post-crisis period by adding a global context and questioning the connectedness of EU banking network within global banking system. Purpose of the article: The aim of the paper is to evaluate the EU banking network's connectedness in the global context during the post-crisis period. Methods: network analysis method and data on yearly flows of BIS bilateral interbank cross-border claim were used to evaluate the connectedness of global and EU banking systems. Findings & Value added: Evaluation of the global banking network's connected-ness revealed that global banking network density decreased by 4.50 %, suggesting that connectedness is decreasing, but it is happening slowly. Structural changes in the global banking network did happen during post-crisis period with regards to out-degree, betweenness and closeness centrality indicators. In the global context, the EU banking network became more connected during post-crisis period. The EU banking network was regionalized in 2011, but this regionalization disappeared in 2015, as the level of intraregional density decreased in 2015 and became lower than the interregional density. This research contributes to previous research in a way that it applies intraregional and interregional network density measures for evaluation of the EU banking network's connectedness, and analyses it as a subset of the global banking network.
Źródło:
Oeconomia Copernicana; 2019, 10, 1; 37-53
2083-1277
Pojawia się w:
Oeconomia Copernicana
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
On invariant domains of holomorphy
Autorzy:
Sergeev, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1360090.pdf
Data publikacji:
1995
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Matematyczny PAN
Tematy:
complexification
orbit connectedness
orbit convexity
extended future tube
matrix Reinhardt domains
Źródło:
Banach Center Publications; 1995, 31, 1; 349-357
0137-6934
Pojawia się w:
Banach Center Publications
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Assessment of EU banking network regionalization during post-crisis period
Autorzy:
Gaigaliene, Asta
Jurakovaite, Otilija
Legenzova, Renata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/19079550.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Instytut Badań Gospodarczych
Tematy:
cross-border banking
regionalization
network analysis
financial connectedness
EU banking network
Opis:
Research background: Recent financial crisis of 2007-2008 has influenced global banking system and led to reduction of cross-border bank lending in the EU and worldwide. Global banking network has been analysed extensively in prior or post-crisis periods, but the literature on regionalization is scarce, especially with regard to the banking sector in the EU. Moreover, in previous empirical research evaluation of banking sector regionalization using network analysis methodology has not been yet applied. Purpose of the article: The aim of the article is to map the EU banking network and to assess its regionalization during post-crisis period. Methods: the paper employs comparative literature analysis and synthesis; BIS bilateral interbank cross-border claim yearly flows matrix data and network analysis method (including network mapping, structural and comparative analysis and the data of intraregional and interregional banking network matrices) to assess the changes in regionalization of the EU banking system. Findings & Value added: The results of the research show that during post-crisis period both, EU 12 and EU 28, banking networks became more clustered and more decentralized; also the level of regionalization within the EU banking network increased. Such results prove that the EU banking network has undergone structural changes with respect to bilateral interbank cross-border claims. This research adds to the knowledge of regionalization processes within the EU banking network during the post-crisis period and intends to be beneficial for market participants, EU level governmental bodies and financial policy makers.
Źródło:
Oeconomia Copernicana; 2018, 9, 4; 655-675
2083-1277
Pojawia się w:
Oeconomia Copernicana
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Agricultural commodities: An integrated approach to assess the volatility spillover and dynamic connectedness
Autorzy:
Mishra, Arunendra
Kumar, R Prasanth
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1891375.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-12-17
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny w Poznaniu
Tematy:
dynamic connectedness
TVPVAR
price volatility
volatility spillover
ag ricultural commodities
network diagrams
Opis:
In this article the dynamic connectedness between the five agricultural commodities is examined by implementing the Diebold and Yılmaz (VAR based) and Time Varying Parameter Vector Autoregressions (TVP-VAR) measures for understanding the time-varying variance-covariance mechanism using daily data for the period of 2005 to 2019. The findings reveal that at an overall level all the commodity prices are less susceptible to significant volatility shocks from other commodities specifically before the introduction of the pan-India electronic trading portal (eNAM). Cotton prices do not show any variation due to spillover from others for the entire study period. The volatility spillover is visible post eNAM period particularly for the commodity stock prices. Whereas at an overall level the total directional connectedness has gone down in the post eNAM era. The network analysis suggests that the commodity stock prices show a stronger association as compared to market prices. Generally commodity prices show volatility connectedness but with respect to their own market which means strong spillover is missing among both the markets.
Źródło:
Economics and Business Review; 2021, 7, 4; 28-53
2392-1641
Pojawia się w:
Economics and Business Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Surrogate data: A novel approach to object detection
Autorzy:
Tabor, Z.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/929568.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Zielonogórski. Oficyna Wydawnicza
Tematy:
dane zastępcze
ścieżka optymalna
powiązania rozmyte
surrogate data
optimal paths
fuzzy connectedness
Opis:
In the present study a novel method is introduced to detect meaningful regions of a gray-level noisy images of binary structures. The method consists in generating surrogate data for an analyzed image. A surrogate image has the same (or almost the same) power spectrum and histogram of gray-level values as the original one but is random otherwise. Then minmax paths are generated in the original image, each characterized by its length, minmax intensity and the intensity of the starting point. If the probability of the existence of a path with the same characteristics but within surrogate images is lower than some user-specified threshold, it is concluded that the path in the original image passes through a meaningful object. The performance of the method is tested on images corrupted by noise with varying intensity.
Źródło:
International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science; 2010, 20, 3; 545-553
1641-876X
2083-8492
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Linkages between American and European publicly traded airline companies – evidence resulting from the Diebold-Yilmaz method
Powiązania pomiędzy notowaniami amerykańskich i europejskich linii lotnicznych – wnioski z metody Diebolda i Yilmaza
Autorzy:
Łęt, Blanka
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/581275.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu
Tematy:
airlines
connectedness
Diebold-Yilmaz approach
spillovers
linie lotnicze
powiązania
metoda Diebloda-Yilmaza
zarażanie
Opis:
In this paper, the author implemented the Diebold and Yilmaz approach to analyse the connectedness between the major American and European publicly traded airline companies. The author calculated the return and volatility spillover index for the whole sample using a dynamic rolling sample analysis. The results show that all airlines are significantly linked but there is a clear division into two markets. It was found that return spillovers are more intensive than volatility spillovers. Moreover, the average connectedness level is higher in the U.S. market for returns as well as for volatility. An increase of connectedness occurred due to the certain events: issues linked with the condition of the global economy and long-term crude oil price changes.
W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badania powiązań w świetle metody Diebolda i Yilmaza pomiędzy notowaniami najważniejszych linii lotniczych w Stanach Zjednoczonych i w Europie. Wyznaczono indeks powiązań dla dziennych zwrotów i zmienności dla całej próby oraz w ujęciu dynamicznym. Wyniki badania wskazują, że notowania wszystkich analizowanych linii lotniczych są ze sobą powiązane, ale istnieje wyraźny podział na dwa rynki. Powiązania między rynkiem europejskim a amerykańskim są znacznie słabsze niż efekty zarażania pomiędzy liniami lotniczymi z jednego rynku. Efekty zarażania są silniejsze dla zwrotów niż dla zmienności. Ponadto średni poziom indeksu powiązań jest wyższy w Stanach Zjednoczonych niż w Europie. Na zmiany poziomu powiązań w czasie miały wpływ wydarzenia z otoczenia makroekonomicznego i rynku kapitałowego oraz długotrwała zmiana poziomu ceny ropy naftowej.
Źródło:
Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu; 2020, 64, 4; 101-114
1899-3192
Pojawia się w:
Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
University connectedness among students and its measurement
Poczucie akademickiej wspólnoty wśród studentów i jego pomiar
Autorzy:
Charzyńska, Edyta
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/544408.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Kazimierza Wielkiego w Bydgoszczy
Tematy:
pedagogy of place
sense of belonging
higher education
psychometrics
students
support
university connectedness
Opis:
The purpose of the study was to analyze the term of university connectedness and to prepare the Polish adaptation of the University Connectedness Scale – a tool for measuring university connectedness among students. The psychometric characteristics of the Polish version of the scale, named “Skala Poczucia Akademickiej Wspólnoty” (SPAW), were examined in a sample of 720 students. The structure of the SPAW was tested using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. The SPAW includes 18 items making up two subscales: support and belonging. Correlations between university connectedness and other variables support the diagnostic validity of the SPAW. The scale has both a good internal consistency and test-retest reliability. Overall, the SPAW is a reliable and valid tool which can be used to measure students’ university connectedness both for scientific and diagnostic purposes.
Celem badania była analiza pojęcia poczucia akademickiej wspólnoty oraz przygotowanie polskiej adaptacji the University Connectedness Scale – narzędzia służącego do pomiaru poczucia akademickiej wspólnoty wśród studentów. Właściwości psychometryczne polskiej wersji skali, nazwanej Skalą Poczucia Akademickiej Wspólnoty (SPAW), przetestowano w próbie 720 studentów. Struktura polskiej wersji narzędzia została zbadana przy użyciu eksploracyjnej i konfirmacyjnej analizy czynnikowej. SPAW składa się z 18 pozycji tworzących dwie podskale: wsparcie i poczucie przynależności. Korelacje z innymi zmiennymi potwierdzają trafność diagnostyczną SPAW. Zgodność wewnętrzna i stabilność bezwzględna narzędzia okazały się dobre. Podsumowując, SPAW jest rzetelnym i trafnym narzędziem, które może być wykorzystywane do pomiaru poczucia wspólnoty wśród studentów zarówno w celach naukowych, jak i diagnostycznych.
Źródło:
Przegląd Pedagogiczny; 2019, 1; 231-247
1897-6557
Pojawia się w:
Przegląd Pedagogiczny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Level sets of continuous functions increasing with respect to each variable
Autorzy:
Sajbura, Katarzyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/729642.pdf
Data publikacji:
2005
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Zielonogórski. Wydział Matematyki, Informatyki i Ekonometrii
Tematy:
level set
continuous function
function increasing with respect to each variable
arcwise connectedness
Opis:
We are going to prove that level sets of continuous functions increasing with respect to each variable are arcwise connected (Theorem 3) and characterize those of them which are arcs (Theorem 2). In [3], we will apply the second result to the classical linear functional equation
φ∘f = gφ + h
(cf., for instance, [1] and [2]) in a case not studied yet, where f is given as a pair of means, that is so-called mean-type mapping.
Źródło:
Discussiones Mathematicae, Differential Inclusions, Control and Optimization; 2005, 25, 1; 19-26
1509-9407
Pojawia się w:
Discussiones Mathematicae, Differential Inclusions, Control and Optimization
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Fuzzy evaluation of visual connectedness in thermography images of cylindrical surface
Rozmyta ocena spójności wizualnej w obrazach termowizyjnych powierzchni walcowej
Autorzy:
Jaworski, T.
Kucharski, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/408114.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Politechnika Lubelska. Wydawnictwo Politechniki Lubelskiej
Tematy:
fuzzy logic
thermovision
thermal image decomposition
visual connectedness
logika rozmyta
termowizja
dekompozycja termografu
spójność wizualna
Opis:
This article presents an idea of visual connectedness measure between components in thermography images of rotating steel roller, cylindrically shaped. Both definition and method of measure calculus is given along with a short discussion.
Artykuł przedstawia metodę oceny spójności wizualnej komponentów temperaturowych w obrazach termowizyjnych obracającego się walca. Zaproponowano definicję oraz metodę wyznaczania wartości oceny spójności.
Źródło:
Informatyka, Automatyka, Pomiary w Gospodarce i Ochronie Środowiska; 2015, 1; 24-28
2083-0157
2391-6761
Pojawia się w:
Informatyka, Automatyka, Pomiary w Gospodarce i Ochronie Środowiska
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
3D visualization of segmented cruciate ligaments
Autorzy:
Badura, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/333580.pdf
Data publikacji:
2006
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Śląski. Wydział Informatyki i Nauki o Materiałach. Instytut Informatyki. Zakład Systemów Komputerowych
Tematy:
więzadło krzyżowe
segmentacja
powiązania rozmyte
wizualizacja 3D
cruciate ligament
segmentation
fuzzy connectedness
3D visualization
Opis:
A fuzzy approach to segmentation of the cruciate ligaments of the knee joint and a three dimensional visualisation method are presented in this paper. The cruciate ligaments are the major stabilizers of the knee. The ligaments injuries are common nowadays and a correct diagnostics, preceding the surgical therapy is a very important task. Segmentation of the ligaments is difficult due to a poor visibility of edges in some cases of injuries and their appearance on a small number of slides at Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). The method described here is based on fuzzy connectedness principles. It creates a fuzzy connectivity scene by assigning a strength of connectedness to each possible path between some predefined seed point and any other image element. Then such scene is thresholded to produce final segmentation result. The conventional fuzzy connectedness method with Dijkstra algorithm for creating the fuzzy connectivity scene has been implemented in a 3D space. The object, being the result of segmentation process, is visualised in the Visualisation Toolkit (VTK) environment. The method has been tested on a set of images. An example of its performance is shown along with some plans for future research.
Źródło:
Journal of Medical Informatics & Technologies; 2006, 10; 73-79
1642-6037
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Medical Informatics & Technologies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
African stock markets’ connectedness: Quantile VAR approach
Autorzy:
Yaya, OlaOluwa
Adenikinju, Olayinka
Olayinka, Hammed A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/36095676.pdf
Data publikacji:
2024
Wydawca:
Fundacja Naukowa Instytut Współczesnych Finansów
Tematy:
Quantile dynamic connectedness
Market phases
Vector autoregression
portfolio management
normal market condition
lower quantile of returns
African stocks markets
Opis:
The present paper investigates African stock markets’ linkages by considering stocks in the continent’s largest economies, specifically Egypt, Kenya, Morocco, Nigeria, South Africa, and Tunisia. Using a dataset that spanned November 25, 2008, to September 18, 2023, the quantile connectedness approach of Chatziantoniou et al. (2021) is employed, and the results unfold these interesting dynamics of African market connectivity: (i) In the bearish market phase, South African stock dominated the entire network, transmitting shocks to the remaining stocks, while Moroccan and Kenyan stocks played similar role mildly. (ii) In the bullish market phase, Nigerian stock dominated the market as a major net transmitter of shock supported by South African and Kenyan stock markets. (iii), The Egyptian and Tunis stock markets are net shock receivers in both the bear and bull market phases. (iv), At the median quantile value, stocks become less riskier and the Kenyan stock market becomes the most vulnerable while Nigerian, Egyptian, and South African stock markets are influenced by other stock markets when markets are calm. (v), Though, African stocks are underperforming, interested portfolio managers will learn from the trading strategies to be adopted to maximize their returns. These findings will benefit portfolio managers, international stakeholders, and regulators.
Źródło:
Modern Finance; 2024, 2, 1; 51-68
2956-7742
Pojawia się w:
Modern Finance
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł

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