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    Tytuł:
    Adaptacja metody bieżącej kontroli samozagrzewania węgla do warunków eksploatacji złóż donieckich
    The adaptation of the method of current coal self-heating control in Donieck deposits
    Autorzy:
    Kostenko, Viktor K.
    Gamij, Jurij
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/165716.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Stowarzyszenie Inżynierów i Techników Górnictwa
    Tematy:
    samozagrzewanie węgla
    gazy wskaźnikowe
    mechaniczna i termiczna destrukcja
    próby gazowe
    coal self-heating
    indicator gases
    mechanical and thermal destruction
    gas tests
    Opis:
    Z powodu wojny wydobycie węgla na Ukrainie drastycznie spadło. Występowanie z kolei awarii podziemnych znacznie komplikuje prowadzenie robót górniczych, powodując utratę pokładów węgla przygotowanych do eksploatacji, wzrost kosztów wydobycia, i w końcu, zmniejszenie bezpieczeństwa energetycznego Ukrainy. Kopalnie nie są wyposażone w środki zapobiegania i wczesnego wykrywania pożarów powodowanych samozapaleniem węgla. W artykule proponuje się ulepszyć metodę bieżącej kontroli samozagrzewania węgla, wykorzystującej monitoring gazów wskaźnikowych. Badania laboratoryjne i kopalniane potwierdziły, że wydzielanie gazów wskaźnikowych podczas mechanicznej destrukcji pokładów węgla może mieć istotny wpływ na wyniki bieżącego monitorowania procesu samozagrzewania węgla. Przedstawiono adaptację metody bieżącej kontroli samozagrzewania węgla do rzeczywistych warunków górniczo-geologicznych i górniczo-technicznych jego wybierania w polach eksploatacyjnych polegającą na uwzględnieniu efektów mechanicznej destrukcji pokładów i stosowaniu elastycznego schematu pobierania prób gazowych.
    Due to the war, coal mining in Ukraine dropped drastically. Occurrence of underground accidents considerably complicates the mining works, causing the loss of coal seams prepared for exploitation, causing the increase of mining costs, and finally, reducing the energy security of Ukraine. Mines are not equipped with means of preventing and early detection of fires caused by spontaneous combustion of coal. The article proposes to improve the method of current coal self-heating control using indicator gas monitoring. Laboratory and mine tests confirmed that the emission of indicator gases during the mechanical destruction of coal seams can have a significant impact on the results of the current monitoring of the coal self-heating process. In the article it is presented the adaptation of the current method of self - heating control of coal to the actual mining - geological and mining - technical conditions of its selection in exploitation fields consisting in taking into account the effects of mechanical destruction of seams and the application of a flexible gas sampling scheme.
    Źródło:
    Przegląd Górniczy; 2019, 75, 9; 14-20
    0033-216X
    Pojawia się w:
    Przegląd Górniczy
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Tests of new method of monitoring endogenous fire hazard in hard coal mines
    Autorzy:
    Kordos, Jacek
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1839013.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Główny Instytut Górnictwa
    Tematy:
    hard coal mine
    endogenous fire
    monitoring system
    risk analysis
    coal self-heating
    kopalnia węgla kamiennego
    pożar endogeniczny
    system monitorujący
    ocena ryzyka
    samozagrzewanie się węgla
    Opis:
    The aim of the article is to present a novel, innovative method of monitoring endogenous fire hazard in hard coal mines, based on a system of temperature sensors placed within solid coal. The developed system of monitoring the level of endogenous fire hazard was tested in an active hard coal mine in Poland. The scope and the method of temperature measurements with downhole temperature sensors in solid coal were presented in detail. Results of systematic temperature monitoring fire prevention activities are presented.
    Źródło:
    Journal of Sustainable Mining; 2019, 18, 3; 134-141
    2300-1364
    2300-3960
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of Sustainable Mining
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Prognosticating fire hazards in goafs in Polish collieries
    Autorzy:
    Zarębska, K.
    Baran, P.
    Cygankiewicz, J.
    Dudzińska, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/298963.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2012
    Wydawca:
    Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie. Wydawnictwo AGH
    Tematy:
    gas
    coal
    sorption
    self-heating process
    Opis:
    The purpose of the study is to determine the sorption capacity of hard coals from Polish collieries with respect to several sorbets: ethane, ethylene, propane, propylene. The knowledge of the sorption capacity of coal with respect to a wide range of sorbates is essential to ensure the miners' safety and to allow for reliable forecasting fire hazard and self-heating of coal. The self-heating process is evaluated using specialist indicators based on hydrocarbon contents in mine air. Coal properties, such as porosity, coal rank, maceral content, moisture, ash and volatile matter contents as well as proportion of mineral substances are of key importance for understanding the processes taking place on the hard coal-gas interface. The quantitative analysis of these parameters supported by sorption tests will provide us information about the coal's structure's tendency to accumulate and release gases and vapours. It is important to determine the accessibility of the internal coal structure to gases and to investigate the influence of the micro- and submicro-porosity on the process of sorption. Concentrations of non-saturated hydrocarbons: ethylene and propylene are good indicators used to evaluate the scale of the self-heating process. Therefore, we need to reliably establish whether hydrocarbons present in mine air are released only through the self-heating process or whether they can be also accumulated in the coal structure and then desorbed when the conditions should change. Although preventive measures have been put place in Polish collieries, endogenous fire are still fairly frequent, so the hazard control based only on concentrations of non-saturated hydrocarbons may prove insufficient. It is also necessary to determine whether those hydrocarbons can be accumulated in coal, what factors will trigger this process and in what extent. Results of such tests will contribute to fire prevention and will help control other hazards associated with underground mining operations.
    Źródło:
    AGH Drilling, Oil, Gas; 2012, 29, 4; 463-478
    2299-4157
    2300-7052
    Pojawia się w:
    AGH Drilling, Oil, Gas
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Thermal alterations of organic matter in coal wastes from Upper Silesia, Poland
    Autorzy:
    Misz-Kennan, Magdalena
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2086517.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2010
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Mineralogiczne
    Tematy:
    coal wastes
    dumps
    macerals
    bitumens
    biomarkers
    self-heating
    pyrolysis
    Opis:
    Self-heating and self-combustion are currently taking place in some coal waste dumps in the Upper Silesian Coal Basin, Poland, e.g. the dumps at Rymer Cones, Starzykowiec, and the Marcel Coal Mine, all in the Rybnik area. These dumps are of similar age and self-heating and combustion have been occurring in all three for many years. The tools of organic petrography (maceral composition, rank, etc.), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and proximate and ultimate analysis are used to investigate the wastes. Organic matter occurs in quantities up to 85 vol.%, typically a few to several vol.%, in the wastes. All three maceral groups (vitrinite, liptinite, and inertinite) are present as unaltered and variously-altered constituents associated with newly-formed petrographic components (bitumen expulsions, pyrolytic carbon). The predominant maceral group is vitrinite with alterations reflected in the presence of irregular cracks, oxidation rims and, rarely, devolatilisation pores. In altered wastes, paler grey-vitrinite and/or coke dominates. The lack of plasticity, the presence of paler-coloured particles, isotropic massive coke, dispersed coked organic matter, and expulsions of bitumens all indicate that heating was slow and extended over a long time. Macerals belonging to other groups are present in unaltered form or with colours paler than the colours of the parent macerals. Based on the relative contents of organic compounds, the most important groups of these identified in the wastes are n-alkanes, acyclic isoprenoids, hopanes, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their derivatives, phenol and its derivatives. These compounds occur in all wastes except those most highly altered where they were probably destroyed by high temperatures. These compounds were generated mainly from liptinite-group macerals. Driven by evaporation and leaching, they migrated within and out of the dump. Their presence in some wastes in which microscopically visible organic matter is lacking suggests that they originated elsewhere and subsequently migrated through the dump piles. During their migration, the compounds fractionated, were adsorbed on minerals and/or interacted. The absence of alkenes, and of other unsaturated organic compounds, may reflect primary diagenetic processes that occurred in coals and coal shales during burial and/or organic matter type. Their absence may also be a consequence of heating that lasted many years, hydropyrolysis, and/or the participation of minerals in the reactions occurring within the dumps. The wastes contain compounds typical of organic matter of unaltered kerogen III type and the products of pyrolytic processes, and mixtures of both. In some wastes, organic compounds are completely absent having been destroyed by severe heating. The distributions of n-alkanes in many samples are typical of pyrolysates. In some wastes, narrow n-alkane distributions reflect their generation over small temperature ranges. In others, wider distributions point to greater temperature ranges. Other wastes contain n-alkane distributions typical of unaltered coal and high pristane content or mixtures of pyrolysates and unaltered waste material. The wastes also contain significant amounts of final α Β hopanes. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are represented only by two- to five-ring compounds as is typical of the thermal alteration of hard coal. Correlations between the degree of organic matter alteration and the relative contents of individual PAHs and hopanes and geochemical indicators of thermal alteration are generally poor. The properties of the organic matter (its composition and rank), temperature fluctuations within the dumps, migration of organic compounds and mineral involvement are probably responsible for this. The processes taking place in coal waste dumps undergoing self-heating and self-combustion are complicated; they are very difficult to estimate and define. The methods of organic petrology and geochemistry give complementary data allowing the processes to be described. However, each of the dumps investigated represents a separate challenge to be surmounted in any regional attempt to delineate the regional environmental impact of these waste dumps.
    Źródło:
    Mineralogia; 2010, 41, 3/4; 105--237
    1899-8291
    1899-8526
    Pojawia się w:
    Mineralogia
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Thermal alterations of organic matter in coal wastes from Upper Silesia, Poland
    Autorzy:
    Misz-Kennan, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2086534.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2010
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Mineralogiczne
    Tematy:
    coal wastes
    dumps
    macerals
    bitumens
    biomarkers
    self-heating
    pyrolysis
    Opis:
    Self-heating and self-combustion are currently taking place in some coal waste dumps in the Upper Silesian Coal Basin, Poland, e.g. the dumps at Rymer Cones, Starzykowiec, and the Marcel Coal Mine, all in the Rybnik area. These dumps are of similar age and self-heating and combustion have been occurring in all three for many years. The tools of organic petrography (maceral composition, rank, etc.), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and proximate and ultimate analysis are used to investigate the wastes. Organic matter occurs in quantities up to 85 vol.%, typically a few to several vol.%, in the wastes. All three maceral groups (vitrinite, liptinite, and inertinite) are present as unaltered and variously-altered constituents associated with newly-formed petrographic components (bitumen expulsions, pyrolytic carbon). The predominant maceral group is vitrinite with alterations reflected in the presence of irregular cracks, oxidation rims and, rarely, devolatilisation pores. In altered wastes, paler grey-vitrinite and/or coke dominates. The lack of plasticity, the presence of paler-coloured particles, isotropic massive coke, dispersed coked organic matter, and expulsions of bitumens all indicate that heating was slow and extended over a long time. Macerals belonging to other groups are present in unaltered form or with colours paler than the colours of the parent macerals. Based on the relative contents of organic compounds, the most important groups of these identified in the wastes are n-alkanes, acyclic isoprenoids, hopanes, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their derivatives, phenol and its derivatives. These compounds occur in all wastes except those most highly altered where they were probably destroyed by high temperatures. These compounds were generated mainly from liptinite-group macerals. Driven by evaporation and leaching, they migrated within and out of the dump. Their presence in some wastes in which microscopically visible organic matter is lacking suggests that they originated elsewhere and subsequently migrated through the dump piles. During their migration, the compounds fractionated, were adsorbed on minerals and/or interacted. The absence of alkenes, and of other unsaturated organic compounds, may reflect primary diagenetic processes that occurred in coals and coal shales during burial and/or organic matter type. Their absence may also be a consequence of heating that lasted many years, hydropyrolysis, and/or the participation of minerals in the reactions occurring within the dumps. The wastes contain compounds typical of organic matter of unaltered kerogen III type and the products of pyrolytic processes, and mixtures of both. In some wastes, organic compounds are completely absent having been destroyed by severe heating. The distributions of n-alkanes in many samples are typical of pyrolysates. In some wastes, narrow n-alkane distributions reflect their generation over small temperature ranges. In others, wider distributions point to greater temperature ranges. Other wastes contain n-alkane distributions typical of unaltered coal and high pristane content or mixtures of pyrolysates and unaltered waste material. The wastes also contain significant amounts of final α Β hopanes. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are represented only by two- to five-ring compounds as is typical of the thermal alteration of hard coal. Correlations between the degree of organic matter alteration and the relative contents of individual PAHs and hopanes and geochemical indicators of thermal alteration are generally poor. The properties of the organic matter (its composition and rank), temperature fluctuations within the dumps, migration of organic compounds and mineral involvement are probably responsible for this. The processes taking place in coal waste dumps undergoing self-heating and self-combustion are complicated; they are very difficult to estimate and define. The methods of organic petrology and geochemistry give complementary data allowing the processes to be described. However, each of the dumps investigated represents a separate challenge to be surmounted in any regional attempt to delineate the regional environmental impact of these waste dumps.
    Źródło:
    Mineralogia; 2010, 41, 3/4; 105--237
    1899-8291
    1899-8526
    Pojawia się w:
    Mineralogia
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Distribution of phenols related to self-heating and water washing on coal-waste dumps and in coaly material from the Bierawka river (Poland)
    Autorzy:
    Nádudvari, Ádám
    Fabiańska, Monika J.
    Misz-Kennan, Magdalena
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1203394.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Mineralogiczne
    Tematy:
    coal waste
    GC-MS
    phenols
    water-washing
    self-heating
    fluvial transport
    Opis:
    Several types of coal waste (freshly-dumped waste, self-heated waste and waste eroded by rain water), river sediments and river water were sampled. The aim was to identify the types of phenols present on the dumps together with their relative abundances. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses of a large number of samples (234) statistically underpin the phenol distributions in the sample sets. The largest average relative contents (1.17-13.3%) of phenols occur in the self-heated samples. In these, relatively high amounts of phenol, C1- and C2-phenols reflect the thermal destruction of vitrinite. In fresh coal waste, C2- and C3-phenols that originated from the bacterial/fungal degradation and oxidation of vitrinite particles are the most common (0.6 rel.%). Water-washed coal waste and water samples contain lower quantities of phenols. In the river sediments, the phenols present are the result of bacterial- or fungal decay of coaly organic matter or are of industrial origin.
    Źródło:
    Mineralogia; 2015, 46, 1/2; 29-40
    1899-8291
    1899-8526
    Pojawia się w:
    Mineralogia
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
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