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Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 178
Tytuł:
Dobór kanałów dystrybucji na przykładzie branży budowlanej
Choice of distribution channels (example of building construction sector)
Autorzy:
Kiepura-Czubacka, Małgorzata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/415726.pdf
Data publikacji:
1999
Wydawca:
Małopolska Wyższa Szkoła Ekonomiczna w Tarnowie
Tematy:
marketing produktów innowacyjnych
dystrybucja produktu
kanały dystrybucji
materiały budowlane
materiały konferencyjne
marketing innovative products
product distribution
distribution channels
building materials
conference materials
Opis:
Artykuł zawiera przedstawienie procedury doboru kanałów dystrybucji dla produktu w fazie wprowadzenia na rynek w branży budowlanej. Autorka analizuje dwie bazowe wersje kanałów dystrybucji. 1) Wersja I - ostrożna, polega na wykorzystaniu już istniejących w firmie kanałów dystrybucji. 2) Wersja II - ekspansywna, polega na równoczesnym rozbudowaniu już istniejącej sieci i stworzeniu nowych, pośrednich kanałów dystrybucji. W dalszej kolejności autorka porównuje obie wersje, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem wpływu na ich charakter etapów procesu zakupu w branży budowlanej, zwłaszcza przy wprowadzaniu innowacyjnego produktu.
Selection of distribution channels while lunching a new, innovative products is of ultimate importance and frequently decides on success of the whole venture. The paper presents a practical procedure of the distribution channels selection for an innovative product in building sector. It covers then the comparative analysis of two suggested versions of distribution channels: 1) Version one, safe, means the use of existing distribution channels, 2) Version two, expensive, means development of already existing network and creation of new, intermediary distribution channels at the same time.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Naukowe Małopolskiej Wyższej Szkoły Ekonomicznej w Tarnowie; 1999, 2; 109-115
1506-2635
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Naukowe Małopolskiej Wyższej Szkoły Ekonomicznej w Tarnowie
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Characterization of the indoor radio propagation channel at 2.4 GHz
Autorzy:
Wysocki, T. A.
Zepernick, H.-J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/309221.pdf
Data publikacji:
2000
Wydawca:
Instytut Łączności - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
Tematy:
indoor radiocommunication
microwave propagation
fading channels
jamming
Opis:
The unlicensed industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) band at 2.4 GHz has gained increased attention recently due to the high data rate communication systems developed to operate in this band. The paper presents measurement results of fading characteristics, multipath parameters and background interference for these frequencies. Some statistical analysis of the measured data is presented. The paper provides information that may be useful in design and deployment of communication systems operating in the 2.4 GHz ISM band, like those compilant with IEEE 802.11 standard and Bluetooth open wireless standard.
Źródło:
Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology; 2000, 3-4; 84-90
1509-4553
1899-8852
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ion channels-related diseases.
Autorzy:
Dworakowska, Beata
Dołowy, Krzysztof
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1044310.pdf
Data publikacji:
2000
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Biochemiczne
Tematy:
nicotinic acetylcholine receptor
cGMP-gated channel
ion channels
glycine receptor
voltage-gated channels
channel-related genetic disorders
Opis:
There are many diseases related to ion channels. Mutations in muscle voltage-gated sodium, potassium, calcium and chloride channels, and acetylcholine-gated channel may lead to such physiological disorders as hyper- and hypokalemic periodic paralysis, myotonias, long QT syndrome, Brugada syndrome, malignant hyperthermia and myasthenia. Neuronal disorders, e.g., epilepsy, episodic ataxia, familial hemiplegic migraine, Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia, hyperekplexia may result from dysfunction of voltage-gated sodium, potassium and calcium channels, or acetylcholine- and glycine-gated channels. Some kidney disorders, e.g., Bartter's syndrome, policystic kidney disease and Dent's disease, secretion disorders, e.g., hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia of infancy and cystic fibrosis, vision disorders, e.g., congenital stationary night blindness and total colour-blindness may also be linked to mutations in ion channels.
Źródło:
Acta Biochimica Polonica; 2000, 47, 3; 685-703
0001-527X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Biochimica Polonica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Mitochondrial potassium and chloride channels.
Autorzy:
Kicińska, Anna
Dębska, Grażyna
Kunz, Wolfram
Szewczyk, Adam
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1044286.pdf
Data publikacji:
2000
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Biochemiczne
Tematy:
ATP
ion channels
mitochondria
chloride channel
potassium channel
channel openers
sulfonylurea
Opis:
Channels selective for potassium or chloride ions are present in inner mitochondrial membranes. They probably play an important role in mitochondrial events such as the formation of ΔpH and regulation of mitochondrial volume changes. Mitochondrial potassium and chloride channels could also be the targets for pharmacologically active compounds such as potassium channel openers and antidiabetic sulfonylureas. This review describes the properties, pharmacology, and current observations concerning the functional role of mitochondrial potassium and chloride channels.
Źródło:
Acta Biochimica Polonica; 2000, 47, 3; 541-551
0001-527X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Biochimica Polonica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Participation of phospholipase A2 isoforms in the control of calcium influx into electrically non-excitable cells
Autorzy:
Zabłocki, Krzysztof
Waśniewska, Magdalena
Duszyński, Jerzy
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1044292.pdf
Data publikacji:
2000
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Biochemiczne
Tematy:
MDCK cells
Jurkat cells
calcium influx
store-operated channels
phospholipase A2
Opis:
The participation of phospholipase A2 isoforms in capacitative store-operated Ca2+ influx into Jurkat leukemic T and MDCK cells was investigated. Preincubation of Jurkat cells with either bromophenacyl bromide (an inhibitor of secreted phospholipase A2, sPLA2) or Helss (an inhibitor of calcium independent phospholipase A2 - iPLA2) resulted in a significant inhibition of the calcium influx. The extent of this inhibition depended on the pH of the extracellular millieu; it increased with alkalisation. The rate of Ca2+ influx into MDCK cells was reduced by bromophenacyl bromide. Preincubation of these cells with Helss resulted in the stimulation of the influx. These observations suggest the participation of different PLA2 isoforms in the regulation of Ca2+ influx. They also show that the extent that PLA2 isoforms control the influx depends on the pH of the medium. Finally, these data indicate that various phospholipase A2 isoforms may play a role in the control of Ca2+ influx in different cell lines.
Źródło:
Acta Biochimica Polonica; 2000, 47, 3; 591-599
0001-527X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Biochimica Polonica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Regulation of Ca2+ release from internal stores in cardiac and skeletal muscles.
Autorzy:
Wrzosek, Antoni
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1044313.pdf
Data publikacji:
2000
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Biochemiczne
Tematy:
Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release
calcium channels
dihydropyridine receptor
calcium sparks
excitation-contraction coupling
ryanodine receptor
Opis:
It is widely accepted that Ca2+ is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum by a specialized type of calcium channel, i.e., ryanodine receptor, by the process of Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release. This process is triggered mainly by dihydropyridine receptors, i.e., L-type (long lasting) calcium channels, directly or indirectly interacting with ryanodine receptor. In addition, multiple endogenous and exogenous compounds were found to modulate the activity of both types of calcium channels, ryanodine and dihydropyridine receptors. These compounds, by changing the Ca2+ transport activity of these channels, are able to influence intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis. As a result not only the overall Ca2+ concentration becomes affected but also spatial distribution of this ion in the cell. In cardiac and skeletal muscles the release of Ca2+ from internal stores is triggered by the same transport proteins, although by their specific isoforms. Concomitantly, heart and skeletal muscle specific regulatory mechanisms are different.
Źródło:
Acta Biochimica Polonica; 2000, 47, 3; 705-723
0001-527X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Biochimica Polonica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Boundary problem for equations of steady gradually varied flow in open channels
Autorzy:
Szymkiewicz, R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/241107.pdf
Data publikacji:
2001
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Budownictwa Wodnego PAN
Tematy:
differential equations
steady flow
gradually varied flow
open channels
Opis:
In this paper the problem of solution of ordinary differential equations describing a steady, gradually varied flow is discussed. It is shown that, apart from the initial problem usually solved for open channels, the formulation of the boundary problem is necessary when water levels are imposed at ends of channel. This approach is the mathematically correct formulation of the solution problem for steady, gradually varied flow equations. It enables us to determine directly the water profile and discharge for a single channel, as well as for channel network, instead of the trial and error method usually used. Moreover the formulation of boundary problem with respect to the Manning coefficient and lateral inflow is presented. To solve the listed problems the finite differences method is used.
Źródło:
Archives of Hydro-Engineering and Environmental Mechanics; 2001, 48, 4; 23-37
1231-3726
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Hydro-Engineering and Environmental Mechanics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Dimensionless equation for side-channel weirs
Autorzy:
Kotowski, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/240992.pdf
Data publikacji:
2001
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Budownictwa Wodnego PAN
Tematy:
one-dimensional descriptions
flows of Newtonian fluids
prismatic channels
side weirs
side-channel weirs
dimensionless equation
Opis:
Using the principle of conservation of momentum, an analysis of the one-dimensional description of flows of Newtonian fluids in prismatic channels with side weirs was carried out. A new form of the equation of motion - with a corrected mass decrement term and added momentum-variation term - has been derived from the principle of conservation of momentum. Following examination of relevant coefficients, the dimensionless form of the modified applies, to the hydraulic design of a side weir with a high overfall crest and a throttling pipe, used in sewer systems.
Źródło:
Archives of Hydro-Engineering and Environmental Mechanics; 2001, 48, 1; 97-113
1231-3726
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Hydro-Engineering and Environmental Mechanics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Error statistics for concatenated systems on non-renewal time-varying channels
Autorzy:
Pimentel, C.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/309548.pdf
Data publikacji:
2001
Wydawca:
Instytut Łączności - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
Tematy:
finite state channels
multigap distribution
constrained codes
concatenated systems
Gilbert-Elliott channels
combinatorial methods
Opis:
The statistics of the error process generated by a discrete super channel formed by the concatenation of a constrained encoder, a non-renewal finite state channel (FSC), and a constrained decoder is studied in this paper. First, recursions are developed for the error weight distribution. This statistics is relevant to the design of coding schemes and interleaving in concatenated. systems. We also study the renewal nature of the residual error process as modified by the constrained decoder. Ferreira et al. conjectured that if the channel model is a renewal FSC, the super channel can be modeled as a similar renewal model. We use a statistics called the multigap distribution to analytically disprove this hypothesis. Furthermore, the effect of interleaving is investigated from a new perspective using the variance of the multigap distribution.
Źródło:
Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology; 2001, 3; 55-60
1509-4553
1899-8852
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Intracellular potassium and chloride channels: An update.
Autorzy:
Dębska, Grażyna
Kicińska, Anna
Skalska, Jolanta
Szewczyk, Adam
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1044174.pdf
Data publikacji:
2001
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Biochemiczne
Tematy:
ATP
ion channels
chromaffin granules
mitochondria
chloride channel
potassium channel openers
sulfonylurea
Opis:
Channels selective for potassium or chloride ions are present in all intracellular membranes such as mitochondrial membranes, sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum, nuclear membrane and chromaffin granule membranes. They probably play an important role in events such as acidification of intracellular compartments and regulation of organelle volume. Additionally, intracellular ion channels are targets for pharmacologically active compounds, e.g. mitochondrial potassium channels interact with potassium channel openers such as diazoxide. This review describes current observations concerning the properties and functional roles of intracellular potassium and chloride channels.
Źródło:
Acta Biochimica Polonica; 2001, 48, 1; 137-144
0001-527X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Biochimica Polonica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
On a method to authenticate and verify digital streams
Autorzy:
Wysocki, B.J.
Wang, Y.
Safavi-Naini, R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/309279.pdf
Data publikacji:
2002
Wydawca:
Instytut Łączności - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
Tematy:
authentication algorithms
hash chains
signing digital streams
Markov modelling
Gilbert-Elliott channels
Opis:
Recently, digital streams have become widely used to make audio, video, and other media available in real-time over the Internet. As with other transmission methods, the recipient needs to have a possibilty to verify the source and authenticity of the received information. Several techniques have been proposed to deal with this issue. Most of them are vulnerable to packet losses or they introduce unacceptable computational and/or communication overheads. Some of the graph-based techniques provide immunity to burst losses of certain length. However, these techniques are not immune to the loss of packets containing signatures or occasional burst of lengths greater than the assumed one. In the paper, we propose a modification to one of the graph-based techniques that introduces immunity to the loss of packets containing signatures, without introducing any additional overheads.
Źródło:
Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology; 2002, 2; 45-52
1509-4553
1899-8852
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Transmembrane segment M2 of glycine receptor as a model system for the pore-forming structure of ion channels.
Autorzy:
Bednarczyk, Piotr
Szewczyk, Adam
Dołowy, Krzysztof
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1043689.pdf
Data publikacji:
2002
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Biochemiczne
Tematy:
black lipid membrane
ion channels
glycine receptor
Opis:
The glycine receptor belongs to the ligand-gated ion channel superfamily. It is a chloride conducting channel composed of four transmembrane domains. It was previously shown that the second transmembrane domain (M2) of the glycine receptor forms an ion conduction pathway throught lipid bilayers. The amino-acid sequence of the transmembrane segment M2 of the glycine receptor has a high homology to all receptors of the ligand-gated ion channel superfamily. In our report, we have used a synthetic M2 peptide. It was incorporated into a planar membrane of known lipid composition and currents induced by M2 were measured by the Black Lipid Membrane technique. When the planar lipid bilayer was composed of 75% phosphatidylethanolamine and 25% phosphatidylserine, the reversal potential measured in a 150/600 mM KCl (cis/trans) gradient was -19 mV suggesting that the examined pore was preferential to anions, PK/PCl = 0.25. In contrast, when 75% phosphatidylserine and 25% phosphatidylethanolamine was used, the reversal potential was +20 mV and the pore was preferential to cations, PK/PCl = 4.36. Single-channel currents were recorded with two predominant amplitudes corresponding to the main-conductance and sub-conductance states. Both conductance states (about 12 pS and 30 pS) were measured in a symmetric solution of 50 mM KCl. The observed single-channel properties suggest that the selectivity and conductance of the pore formed by the M2 peptide of the glycine receptor depend on the lipid composition of the planar bilayer.
Źródło:
Acta Biochimica Polonica; 2002, 49, 4; 869-875
0001-527X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Biochimica Polonica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Design of filterbank transceivers for dispersive channels with arbitrary-length impulse response
Autorzy:
Mertins, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/307670.pdf
Data publikacji:
2003
Wydawca:
Instytut Łączności - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
Tematy:
joint transmitter/receiver design
filter banks
information rate maximization
dispersive channels
Opis:
This paper addresses the joint design of transmitter and receiver for multichannel data transmission over dispersive channels. The transmitter is assumed to consist of FIR filters and the channel impulse response is allowed to have an arbitrary length. The design criterion is the maximization of the information rate between transmitter input and receiver output under the constraint of a fixed transmit power. A link to minimum mean squared error designs for a similar setting is established. The proposed algorithm allows a straightforward transmitter design and generally yields a near-optimum solution for the transmit filters. Under certain conditions. the exact solution for the globally optimal transmitter is obtained.
Źródło:
Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology; 2003, 2; 11-16
1509-4553
1899-8852
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Error probability and error stream properties in channel with slow Rician fading
Autorzy:
Noga, K.M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/309378.pdf
Data publikacji:
2003
Wydawca:
Instytut Łączności - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
Tematy:
Rician fading channels
multipath propagation
bit error probability
stream of errors
weighted spectrum of errors
block error probability
Opis:
In a radio communication channel wave parameters fluctuate randomly. The signal envelope undergoes deep fades. When binary information is transmitted through such a channel, fading causes random variation of probabilities of error associated with the detection of individual elementary signals, which produces a clustering of errors. The paper presents an analytical description of the probability of bit error in the channel with very slow Rician fading and Gaussian noise for noncoherent and coherent detection. Digital systems employing error detection or error correction coding are generally based on the transmission of blocks of N sequential bits. Expressions are given for the probability of n errors occurring in N bits (weighted spectrum of errors) and the probability of more than n errors in a block of N bits (block error probability) for noncoherent frequency shift keying (NCFSK). Also the calculations are presented graphically. Keywords- Rician fading channels, multipath propagation, biterror probability, stream of errors, weighted spectrum of errors,block error probability.
Źródło:
Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology; 2003, 4; 3-8
1509-4553
1899-8852
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Mechanizmy działania insektycydów na tkankę docelową owadów
Mechanisms of action of insecticides on target tissue of insects
Autorzy:
Malinowski, H.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/973295.pdf
Data publikacji:
2003
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
owady
ochrona lasu
insektycydy
leśnictwo
mechanizm działania
środki działające na układ nerwowy
środki o niekonwencjonalnych mechanizmach działania
zwalczanie szkodników
insecticides
mechanisms of action
target tissue
insect nervous system
receptors
ion channels
acetylcholine receptors
ekdysone receptors
juvenile hormon receptors
chitin
synthesis inhibition
GABA
ACHE activity inhibition
Opis:
Based on the literature and on own studies, mechanisms of action of different classes of insecticides on target tissue of insects are reviewed.It may be stated that insecticides acted on insect nervous system covered in 1997 about 93,4% pesticide world market and insecticides with non−conventional mechanisms of action – 6,6% only. It seems however that the last group will be the base of plant protection in XXI century.
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2003, 147, 04; 38-51
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 178

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