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    Wyświetlanie 1-22 z 22
    Tytuł:
    Precipitation of Sigma and Chi Phases in Cast Standard Duplex Stainless Steel
    Autorzy:
    Myška, Martin
    Bořil, Petr
    Krutiš, Vladimír
    Kaňa, Václav
    Zádĕra, Antonin
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/27314154.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2023
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czasopisma i Monografie PAN
    Tematy:
    cast duplex steel
    intermetallics
    precipitation
    Sigma phase
    Chi phase
    odlewy
    stal duplex
    intermetalik
    wytrącenia
    faza sigma
    faza chi
    Opis:
    This work deals with the problem of intermetallic phases in cast standard duplex steel ASTM A890 Gr 4A (generally known as 2205). The investigated steel was subjected to isothermal heat treatment in the range from 595 °C to 900 °C and in the duration from 15 minutes to 245 hours, and was also investigated in terms of anisothermal (natural) cooling after casting into the mould. The precipitation starts at grain boundaries with a consistent ferrite transformation. The work is focused on the precipitation of the sigma phase (σ) and the chi phase (χ). Examination of the microstructure was conducted using light and scanning electron microscopy. Their statistical analysis was carried out using the results of the investigations of precipitation processes in the microstructure, both within the grains and at the grain boundaries. To illustrate this impact, the surface area of precipitates was evaluated. The percentage of these intermetallic phases was calculated by measuring their area using a computer image analysis system. Based on their observations, a combined time-temperature transformation (TTT) diagram with continuous cooling transformation (CCT) curves was created.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2023, 23, 2; 29--34
    1897-3310
    2299-2944
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The Influence of Hyperquenching Temperature on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Alloy Cast Steel GX2CrNiMoCuN 25-6-3-3
    Autorzy:
    Jurczyk, P.
    Wróbel, T.
    Baron, C.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2049633.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    duplex cast steel
    heat treatment
    mechanical properties
    microstructure
    Opis:
    The paper presents the research results concerning the chromium-nickel-molybdenum duplex cast steel GX2CrNiMoCuN 25-6-3-3 grade. The aim of studies was the description of the influence of hyperquenching temperature Tp i.e. 1100, 1125 and 1150°C on microstructure and mainly mechanical properties i.e. tensile strength UTS, yield strength YS, hardness HB, elongation EL and impact energy KV of duplex cast steel GX2CrNiMoCuN 25-6-3-3 grade. The range of studies included ten melts which were conducted in foundry GZUT S.A. Based on the obtained results was confirmed that application of hyperquenching process guarantees the elimination of brittle s phase in the microstructure of studied duplex cast steel. Moreover on the basis of conducted statistical analysis of the researches results is concluded that with the decrease in hyperquenching temperature increases ductility and amount of austenite, while decreases strength and amount of ferrite in studied duplex cast steel GX2CrNiMoCuN 25-6-3-3 grade.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2021, 66, 1; 73-80
    1733-3490
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The effect of parameters and geometry cutting edge after turning of the duplex cast steel on the maximum tool flank wear
    Autorzy:
    Dyl, Tomasz Cyryl
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/246568.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
    Tematy:
    turning
    surface roughness
    duplex cast steel
    cutting edge
    flank wear
    Opis:
    It is important to shape the required properties of the surface layer in the technological process. This issue is an important problem due to the ability of the kinematic pair elements to the required reliable operation of machine parts. The latest generation devices work with increasing operational loads. This forces the search forever-newer construction materials or innovative manufacturing engineering technologies that would ensure high reliability and durability of machine components. For mechanical engineering, continue to be used on steel structures of machine parts. In the petrochemical and shipbuilding industry, stainless steels are very poplars. Those materials are used in the constructions of seawater and acid installations. Currently, a newer material with more favourable properties is two-phase stainless steel. This is the so-called duplex steel. It can be applied to pump shafts in acid or seawater solutions. Duplex cast steel is a difficult-to-cut material. It is important to determine the effect of cutting parameters on the surface quality of the shafts and wear of cutting edge. Traditional methods of finishing surface treatment of shafts are machining (turning, grinding, superfinishing). Considering the possibilities of equipping a marine power plant workshop, it would be best to use machining by turning. The paper specifies the relationship between the wear of the cutting edge and the geometrical structure of the machined surface as well as the type of tool material used and the shape of the cutting inserts.
    Źródło:
    Journal of KONES; 2019, 26, 2; 29-35
    1231-4005
    2354-0133
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of KONES
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Physical and Numerical Modeling of Duplex Cast Steel Thin-Walled Castings
    Autorzy:
    Stradomski, G.
    Nadolski, M.
    Zyska, A.
    Kania, B.
    Rydz, D.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/351674.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    duplex cast steel
    centrifugal casting
    gravity casting
    thin-walled castings
    Opis:
    The paper, which is a summary and supplement of previous works and research, presents the results of numerical and physical modeling of the GX2CrNiMoCuN25-6-3 duplex cast steel thin-walled castings production. To obtain thin-walled castings with wall in the thinnest place even below 1 mm was used the centrifugal casting technology and gravity casting. The analyzed technology (centrifugal casting) enables making elements with high surface quality with reduced consumption of batch materials and, as a result, reducing the costs of making a unitary casting. The idea behind the production of cast steel with the use of centrifugal technology was to find a remedy for the problems associated with unsatisfactory castability of the tested alloy. The technological evaluation of the cast construction was carried out using the Nova Flow & Solid CV 4.3r8 software. Numerical simulations of crystallization and cooling were carried out for a casting without a gating system and sinkhead located in a mold in accordance with the pouring position. It was assumed that the analyzed cast will be made in the sand form with dimensions 250×250×120 mm.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2019, 64, 4; 1449-1456
    1733-3490
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Corrosion Resistance of Cast Duplex Steels
    Autorzy:
    Müller, Peter
    Pernica, V.
    Kaňa, V.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2174617.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2022
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    cast duplex steel
    pitting
    critical pitting temperature
    ferric chloride
    mechanical properties
    corrosion
    staliwo duplex
    korozja
    odporność na wżery
    temperatura krytyczna
    chlorek żelazowy
    właściwości mechaniczne
    Opis:
    The aim of this work is to investigate the resistance of cast duplex (austenitic-ferritic) steels to pitting corrosion with respect to the value of PREN (Pitting Resistance Equivalent Number). Pitting corrosion is one of the most common types of corrosion of stainless steels. In most cases, it is caused by the penetration of aggressive anions through the protective passive layer of the steel, and after its disruption, it leads to subsurface propagation of corrosion. The motivation for the research was a severe pitting corrosion attack on the blades of the gypsum-calcium water mixer in a thermal power plant operation. In order to examine the corrosion resistance, 4 samples of 1.4517 steel with different concentrations of alloying elements (within the interval indicated by the steel grade) and thus with a different PREN value were cast. The corrosion resistance of the samples was evaluated by the ASTM G48 – 11 corrosion test in a 6% aqueous FeCl3 solution at room and elevated solution temperatures. To verify the possible effect of different alloying element concentrations on the mechanical properties, the research was supplemented by tensile and Charpy impact tests. Based on the results, it was found that a significant factor in the resistance of duplex steels to pitting corrosion is the temperature of the solution. For the components in operation, it is therefore necessary to take this effect into account and thoroughly control and manage the temperature of the environment in which the components operate.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2022, 22, 3; 5--10
    1897-3310
    2299-2944
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Odporność korozyjna dwufazowego staliwa 24Cr-5Mn-2Ni-3Mo
    Corrosion Resistance of 24Cr-5Mn-2Ni-3Mo Duplex Cast Steel
    Autorzy:
    Kalandyk, B.
    Starowicz, M.
    Zapała, R.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/382698.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    staliwo duplex
    korozja elektrochemiczna
    krzywe polaryzacji
    duplex cast steel
    electrochemical corrosion
    polarization curves
    Opis:
    Przedmiotem badań było porównanie odporności na korozję elektrochemiczną dwóch gatunków kwasoodpornego staliwa ferrytyczno-austenitycznego (duplex): klasycznego zawierającego 24Cr-5Ni-2,5Mo-2,6Cu z nowym gatunkiem staliwa zawierającym 24Cr-5Mn-2Ni-3Mo, w którym Ni częściowo został zastąpiony przez Mn i N. Zawartość pierwiastków austenitotwórczych (Ni, Mn i N) została tak dobrana, aby udział ferrytu δ w staliwie wynosił 45÷50%. Na podstawie przeprowadzonych badań korozyjnych stwierdzono, że oba materiały ulegają samorzutnej pasywacji w 3% roztworze NaCl. Staliwo z podwyższoną zawartością Mn i N posiada znacznie wyższą wartość potencjału bezprądowego (Eo = -0,7 V), niż klasyczne staliwo duplex (Eo = -0,95V) oraz wykazuje zasadnicze różnice w gęstości prądu anodowego. Jest ono również bardziej odporne na korozję lokalną. Analiza mikrostrukturalna produktów korozji wskazuje na obecność nielicznych wżerów korozyjnych powstających głównie na wtrąceniach niemetalicznych.
    The aim of the studies was to compare the electrochemical corrosion resistance of the two grades of acid-resistant cast austenitic-ferritic (duplex) steel, i.e. the conventional grade containing 24Cr-5Ni-2.5Mo-2.6Cu and a cast steel grade containing 24Cr-5Mn-2Ni-3Mo, where Ni was partially replaced by a higher content of Mn and N. The content of austenite-forming elements (Ni, Mn and N) has been chosen in such a way as to keep the δ ferrite fraction in the cast steel at a level of 45 ÷ 50%. Based on the corrosion test results, it was found that both materials undergo a spontaneous passivation in the 3% NaCl solution. The cast steel with increased content of Mn and N has a much higher value of the electro less potential (Eo = -0.7 V) than the conventional cast duplex steel (Eo = -0,95V), and shows substantial differences in the anodic current density. It is also more resistant to local corrosion. Microstructural analysis of corrosion products indicates the presence of very few corrosion pits formed mainly on the non-metallic inclusions.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2015, 15, 4 spec.; 53-56
    1897-3310
    2299-2944
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The Burnishing Process of the Duplex Cast Steel in Aspect of Improving the Tribological Properties
    Autorzy:
    Stradomski, G. E.
    Fik, Joanna
    Rydz, Dariusz
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/27314153.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2023
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czasopisma i Monografie PAN
    Tematy:
    tribology
    duplex cast steel
    static pressure roller burnishing
    SPRB
    trybologia
    staliwo duplex
    dogniatanie
    Opis:
    Duplex cast steel it is a material with great potential. The properties of this material have contributed to its wide application in many industrial sectors, for example: oil extraction, printing, petrochemical industry, energy - flue gas desulphurization systems, seawater desalination plants, shipbuilding industry. The article presents the results of tribological tests following the static pressure roller burnishing (SPRB) process of GX2CrNiMoN22-5-3 duplex cast steel. The tests provided a basis for assessing the effect of the burnishing parameters on tribological properties of that material. The issue is important because the authors focused their research on duplex cast steels grade that are not containing copper. The article presents part of the research concerning the influence of the burnishing process on the properties of the duplex steel surface layer. Copper in duplex steels affects many areas one of them is the plastic properties. Its absence also reduces castability. Because of that it is reasonable to determine to what extent the properties of the surface layer of copper-free duplex cast steel grades can be shaped in burnishing process.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2023, 23, 2; 51--57
    1897-3310
    2299-2944
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The influence of the geometry of the cutting edge and machining parameters of duplex cast steel after turning
    Autorzy:
    Dyl, T. C.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/246936.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
    Tematy:
    turning
    finishing
    forming surface layer
    surface roughness reduction
    duplex cast steel
    Opis:
    The development and research activity is connected to the production of newer and more functional products. Innovative processes are being developed and applied; services and projects are delivered. Products are work items that should be initially designed, then manufactured and finally sold and utilized. Examples of products may be airplanes, ships, cars, machine tools, gears, crankshafts, drive shaft, tubes as well as gasoline, electricity and gas, etc. The product has to meet the expectations of the future use. It is characterized by a set of functional features. In the case of machines and their capabilities and performance, for example, durability, reliability, resulting from the characteristics represented by the structural units forming the structure. The formation of the desired features of the surface layer in the technological process is an important problem due to the ability of the elements of kinematic pairs to fulfil the function as long as possible foreseen for them. The article presents results of experimental studies of turning cast steel grade GX2CrNiMoCuN25-6-3-3. The aim of the research was to determine the geometry of the cutting edge and the technological parameters of cutting that are conducive to obtaining the roughness in the field of very accurate machining. It can achieve the appropriate technological quality of the workpiece surface. After these experimental studies was determined that there is a reduction roughness using suitable inserts. Turning was made for the duplex cast steel. The technological parameters of machining process were used: feed rate f = 0.1-0.2 mm/rev, depth of cut ap = 0.5 mm, cutting speed vc = 50-100 m/min. Turning was made using universal lathe CDS 500x1000 equipped with CCMT carbide tipped inserts.
    Źródło:
    Journal of KONES; 2018, 25, 4; 75-81
    1231-4005
    2354-0133
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of KONES
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Technological Assessment of the Possibility of Making Light-section Castings of GX2CrNiMoN25-6-3 Cast Steel by the Centrifugal Casting Method
    Autorzy:
    Stradomski, G.
    Nadolski, M.
    Stradomski, Z.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/380927.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    duplex cast steel
    centrifugal casting technology
    casting production
    staliwo duplex
    odlewanie odśrodkowe
    produkcja odlewnicza
    Opis:
    The paper presents the results of investigation into the technological possibility of making light-section castings of GX2CrNiMoN25-6-3 cast steel. For making castings with a wall thickness in the thinnest place as small as below 1 mm, the centrifugal casting technology was employed. The technology under consideration enables items with high surface quality to be obtained, while providing a reduced consumption of the charge materials and, as a result, a reduction in the costs of unit casting production.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2015, 15, 3; 57-60
    1897-3310
    2299-2944
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The Role of Carbon in the Mechanism of Ferritic-Austenitic Cast Steel Solidification
    Autorzy:
    Stradomski, G.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/381622.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    duplex cast steel
    microstructure
    hot crack
    primary structure
    staliwo typu duplex
    mikrostruktura
    pękanie
    struktura
    Opis:
    The paper presents the results of research on the microstructure of GX2CrNiMoCuN25-6-3-3 and GX2CrNiMoCuN25-6-3 cast steels with a varying carbon content. The cause for undertaking the research were technological problems with hot cracking in bulk castings of duplex cast steel with a carbon content of approx. 0.06% and with 23% Cr, 8.5% Ni, 3% Mo and 2.4% Cu. The research has shown a significant effect of increased carbon content on the ferrite and austenite microstructure morphology, while exceeding the carbon content of 0.06% results in a change of the shape of primary grains from equiaxial to columnar.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2014, 14, 3; 83-86
    1897-3310
    2299-2944
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The Microstructure of Thin-walled GX2CrNiMoN25-6-3 Cast Steel Made by Centrifugal Casting
    Autorzy:
    Stradomski, G.
    Nadolski, M.
    Stradomski, Z.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/383192.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    duplex cast steel
    centrifugal casting technology
    alloy microstructure
    staliwo typu duplex
    odlewanie odśrodkowe
    mikrostruktura stopu
    Opis:
    The paper presents the results of investigation into the technological possibility of making light-section castings of GX2CrNiMoN25-6-3 cast steel. Due the fact that the GX2CrNiMoN25-6-3 duplex cast steel has a complex microstructure authors of this paper took on its analysis. For making castings with a wall thickness in the thinnest place as small as below 1 mm, the centrifugal casting technology, as it was presented in the paper [1], is one of the most effective technology. In the paper was made the analysis of four different parameters of the casting process and different parameters of heat treatment.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2015, 15, 3 spec.; 77-82
    1897-3310
    2299-2944
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The Cracking Mechanism of Ferritic- Austenitic Cast Steel
    Autorzy:
    Stradomski, G.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/383172.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    duplex cast steel
    hot cracking
    solidification process
    sigma phase
    staliwo duplex
    pękanie na gorąco
    proces krzepnięcia
    faza sigma
    Opis:
    In the high-alloy, ferritic - austenitic (duplex) stainless steels high tendency to cracking, mainly hot-is induced by micro segregation processes and change of crystallization mechanism in its final stage. The article is a continuation of the problems presented in earlier papers [1-4]. In the range of high temperature cracking appear one mechanism a decohesion - intergranular however, depending on the chemical composition of the steel, various structural factors decide of the occurrence of hot cracking. The low-carbon and low-alloy cast steel casting hot cracking cause are type II sulphide, in high carbon tool cast steel secondary cementite mesh and/or ledeburite segregated at the grain solidified grains boundaries, in the case of Hadfield steel phosphorus - carbide eutectic, which carrier is iron-manganese and low solubility of phosphorus in high manganese matrix. In duplex cast steel the additional factor increasing the risk of cracking it is very "rich" chemical composition and related with it processes of precipitation of many secondary phases.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2016, 16, 4; 153-156
    1897-3310
    2299-2944
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Wytop staliwa dwufazowego sposobem odzyskowym
    Two-Phase Cast Steel Production with Regenerative Method
    Autorzy:
    Bartocha, D.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/381737.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    staliwo duplex
    struktura dwufazowa
    kinetyka stygnięcia
    wytop odzyskowy
    badanie mikrostruktury
    symulacja krzepnięcia
    two-phase cast steel
    remelting
    duplex cast steel
    microstructure analysis
    simulation of solidification
    Opis:
    W pracy przedstawiono wyniki próbnych wytopów staliwa GX2CrNiMoCuN25-6-3-3 przeprowadzonych w otwartym laboratoryjnym piecu indukcyjnym sposobem odzyskowym. Wytopy polegały na przetopieniu złomu staliwa duplex, a zabiegi ograniczono tylko do końcowego odtlenienia. W ramach każdego wytopu wykonane zostały odlewy próbne schodkowe. Przedstawiono wyniki badań składu chemicznego i określono jego zmiany w różnym stadium wytopu. Na podstawie badań mikrostruktury i symulacji krzepnięcia odlewów próbnych określono wpływ szybkości stygnięcia na strukturę badanego staliwa.
    In the article the results of trial melts of cast steel grade GX2CrNiMoCuN25-6-3-3 conducted in an open laboratory inductive furnace with regenerative method are presented. Melts consisted on remelting scrap of duplex cast steel, and metallurgical treatment is limited only to the final deoxidation. Within each melts step-test castings are made. The results of chemical composition analysis are presented and it changes in the various stages of melting have been determined. On the basis of microstructure analysis and simulation of casting solidification, the effect of cooling rate on the structure of the tested cast steel has been estimated.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2014, 14, 3 spec.; 3-8
    1897-3310
    2299-2944
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The Analysis of AISI A3 Type Ferritic-Austenitic Cast Steel Crystallization Mechanism
    Autorzy:
    Stradomski, G.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/380395.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    duplex cast steel
    solidification
    numerical methods
    DTA
    peritectic reaction
    sigma phase
    staliwo typu duplex
    krzepnięcie
    metoda numeryczna
    reakcja perytektyczna
    faza sigma
    Opis:
    High-alloy corrosion-resistant ferritic-austenitic steels and cast steels are a group of high potential construction materials. This is evidenced by the development of new alloys both low alloys grades such as the ASTM 2101 series or high alloy like super or hyper duplex series 2507 or 2707 [1-5]. The potential of these materials is also presented by the increasing frequency of sintered components made both from duplex steel powders as well as mixtures of austenitic and ferritic steels [6, 7]. This article is a continuation of the problems presented in earlier works [5, 8, 9] and its inspiration were technological observed problems related to the production of duplex cast steel. The analyzed AISI A3 type cast steel is widely used in both wet exhaust gas desulphurisation systems in coal fired power plants as well as in aggressive working environments. Technological problems such as hot cracking presented in works [5, 8], with are effects of the rich chemical composition and phenomena occurring during crystallization, must be known to the technologists. The presented in this work phenomena which occur during the crystallization and cooling of ferritic-austenitic cast steel were investigated using numerical methods with use of the ThermoCalc and FactSage® software, as well with use of experimental thermal-derivative analysis.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2017, 17, 3; 229-233
    1897-3310
    2299-2944
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Comparison of Methods for Determining the Ferrite Content in Duplex Cast Steels
    Autorzy:
    Kaňa, V.
    Pernica, V.
    Zadera, A.
    Krutiš, V.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/382804.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    non-destructive testing
    duplex cast steel
    metallographic evaluation
    XRD
    ferritoscope
    badania nieniszczące
    staliwo
    metalografia
    ferryt
    zawartość ferrytu
    Opis:
    The paper is concerned with comparing the methods for determining the ferrite content in castings from duplex stainless steels. It uses Schaeffler diagram, empirical formula based calculation, image analysis of metallographic sample, X-ray diffraction and measurement with a feritscope. The influence of wall thickness of the casting on the ferrite content was tested too. The results of the experiments show that the casting thickness of 25 or 60 mm does not have a significant effect on the measured amount of ferrite. The image analysis of metallographic sample and the measurement with the feritscope appear to be the most suitable methods. On the contrary, predictive methods, such as Schaeffler diagram or empirical formula based calculation are only indicative and cannot replace the real measurements. X-ray diffraction seems to be the least suitable measuring method. Values of ferrite content measured in such a way often deviated from the values measured by image analysis and with feritscope.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2019, 2; 85-90
    1897-3310
    2299-2944
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Surfacing 24Cr-5Ni-2.5Mo Duplex Steel Castings by TIG
    Autorzy:
    Kasinska, J.
    Skrzypczyk, A.
    Kalandyk, B.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/379970.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    duplex cast steel
    surfacing
    Tungsten Inert Gas method
    solution heat treatment
    microstructure change
    staliwo duplex
    proces napawania
    metoda TIG
    obróbka cieplna
    Opis:
    This article discusses the influence of Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) surfacing of duplex cast steel on its hardness and structure. The samples of 24Cr-5Ni-2.5Mo ferritic-austenitic cast steel were subjected to single-overlay processes with the use of solid wire having the chemical composition similar to that of the duplex cast steel. As a result of the surfacing, the welds were obtained that had no welding imperfections with a smooth transition to the base material. In the test without the heat treatment, directly below the fusion line, we observe a ferrite band with a width of approximately 200 μm without visible austenite areas. Some of the samples were then solution treated (1060°C). Both variants, without and after solution heat treatment, were subjected to testing. Significant changes in the microstructure of the joint were observed after the heat treatment process (heat affected zone and weld microstructure changes). In both areas, an increase in the austenite volume fraction after solution heat treatment was observed. Changes in the microhardness of the ferrite in the HAZ area directly below the fusion line were also observed.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2018, 18, 2; 15-20
    1897-3310
    2299-2944
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Kinetics of the σ Phase Precipitation in Respect of Erosion-corrosion Wear of Duplex Cast Steel
    Autorzy:
    Brodziak-Hyska, A.
    Stradomski, Z.
    Kolan, C.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/382274.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    innovative foundry materials
    innovative technologies
    duplex cast steel
    sigma phase
    shape factor
    erosive-corrosive wear
    materiały odlewnicze
    innowacyjne technologie odlewnicze
    staliwa duplex
    współczynnik kształtu
    korozja
    zużycie
    Opis:
    The examined material comprised two grades of corrosion-resistant cast steel, namely GX2CrNiMoN25-6-3 and GX2CrNiMoCuN25-6-3-3, used for example in elements of systems of wet flue gas desulphurisation in power industry. The operating conditions in media heated up to 70°C and containing Cl- and SO4 ions and solid particles produce high erosive and corrosive wear. The work proposes an application of the σ phase as a component of precipitation strengthening mechanism in order to increase the functional properties of the material. The paper presents the results of examination of the kinetics of σ phase precipitation at a temperature of 800°C and at times ranging from 30 to 180 minutes. Changes in the morphology of precipitates of the σ phase were determined using the value of shape factor R. Resistance to erosion-corrosion wear of duplex cast steel was correlated with the kinetics of sigma phase precipitating.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2014, 14, 1; 17-20
    1897-3310
    2299-2944
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Kształtowanie warstwy wierzchniej staliwa typu dupleks poprzez toczenie
    The Forming Surface Layer of the Duplex Cast Steel After Turning
    Autorzy:
    Dyl, T.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/341868.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Morski w Gdyni. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Morskiego w Gdyni
    Tematy:
    kształtowanie warstwy wierzchniej
    zmniejszenie chropowatości powierzchni
    staliwo typu dupleks
    toczenie
    obróbka wykończeniowa
    forming surface layer
    surface roughness reduction
    duplex cast steel
    turning
    finishing
    Opis:
    W pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań własnych toczenia staliwa typu dupleks w gatunku GX2CrNiMoCuN25-6-3-3. Celem badań było określenie geometrii ostrza i parametrów technologicznych skrawania sprzyjających uzyskaniu chropowatości, będących w zakresie obróbki bardzo dokładnej, co pozwoli na osiągnięcie odpowiedniej jakości technologicznej powierzchni przedmiotu obrabianego. Po dokonanych badaniach eksperymentalnych ustalono występowanie zmniejszenia chropowatości przy zastosowaniu odpowiednich płytek skrawających. Obróbkę toczeniem staliwa typu dupleks zrealizowano przy zadanych parametrach technologicznych: posuw f = 0,1–0,2 mm/obr; głębokość skrawania ap = 0,5 mm, prędkość skrawania vc = 50–100 m/min. Toczenie wykończeniowe przeprowadzono na tokarce uniwersalnej CDS 500x1000 dla różnych geometrii wymiennych płytek wieloostrzowych typu CCMT z węglików spiekanych pokrywanych powłokami CVD.
    The paper presents results of experimental studies of turning cast steel grade GX2CrNiMoCuN25-6-3-3. The aim of the research was to determine the geometry of the cutting edge and the technological parameters of cutting that are conducive to obtaining the roughness in the field of very accurate machining. It can achieve the appropriate technological quality of the workpiece surface. After experimental studies it was determined that there is a reduction of roughness using suitable inserts. Turning were made for the duplex cast steel. The technological parameters of machining process were used: feed rate f = 0.1–0.2 mm/rev, depth of cut ap = 0.5 mm, cutting speed vc = 50–100 m/min. Longitudinal machining was made using universal lathe CDS 500 ´ 1000 equipped with CCMT carbide tipped inserts with CVD coatings.
    Źródło:
    Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Gdyni; 2018, 105; 41-52
    1644-1818
    2451-2486
    Pojawia się w:
    Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Gdyni
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Optimization of sigma phase precipitates with respect to the functional properties of duplex cast steel
    Autorzy:
    Stradomski, Z.
    Brodziak-Hyska, A.
    Kolan, C.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/382800.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2012
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    innowacyjne materiały odlewnicze
    innowacyjne technologie odlewnicze
    staliwo typu duplex
    faza sigma
    obróbka cieplna
    współczynnik kształtu
    innovative foundry material
    innovative foundry technologies
    duplex cast steel
    sigma phase
    heat treatment
    shape factor
    Opis:
    The paper presents the results of examination concerning optimization of the \sigma phase precipitates with respect to the functional properties of ferritic-austenitic cast steel. The examined material comprised two grades of corrosion-resistant cast steel, namely GX2CrNiMoN25-6-3 and GX2CrNiMoCuN25-6-3-3, used for example in elements of systems of wet flue gas desulphurisation in power industry. The operating conditions in media heated up to 70 C and containing Cl- and SO4 ions and solid particles produce high erosive and corrosive wear. The work proposes an application of the \sigma phase as a component of precipitation strengthening mechanism in order to increase the functional properties of the material. Morphology and quantities of \sigma phase precipitates were determined, as well as its influence on the erosion and corrosion wear resistance. It was shown that annealing at 800 C or 900 C significantly improves tribological properties as compared with the supersaturated state, and the best erosion and corrosion wear resistance achieved due to the ferrite decomposition [...] was exhibited in the case of annealing at the temperature of 800 C for 3 hours.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2012, 12, 2; 75-78
    1897-3310
    2299-2944
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Effect of Silicon Addition on the Microstructure of Cast 24Cr-5Ni-2.5Mo-xSi Duplex Steel
    Autorzy:
    Kalandyk, B.
    Zapała, R.
    Witkowska, M.
    Kowalska, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/381193.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    stainless steels
    microstructure of cast
    Thermo-Calc
    duplex steel
    stale nierdzewne
    mikrostruktura odlewu
    stal duplex
    Opis:
    Characteristics of the microstructure of corrosion-resistant cast 24Cr-5Ni-2.5Mo duplex steel after introduction of 0.98, 1.67 and 4.3% Si were described. Based on the test results it has been found that silicon addition introduced to the corrosion-resistant cast two-phase duplex steel significantly reduces austenite content in the alloy matrix. Increasing silicon content in the test alloy to 4.3% has resulted, in addition to the elimination of austenite, also in the precipitation of Si-containing intermetallic phases at the grain boundaries and inside the grains. The precipitates were characterized by varying content of Cr and Mo, indicating the presence in the structure of more than one type of the brittle phase characteristic for this group of materials. The simulation using Thermo-Calc software has confirmed the presence of ferrite in all tested alloys. In the material containing 4.3% Si, the Cr and Si enriched precipitates, such as G phase and Cr3Si were additionally observed to occur.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2018, 18, 1; 186-190
    1897-3310
    2299-2944
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Wearing quality of austenitic, duplex cast steel, gray and spheroidal graphite iron
    Autorzy:
    Pietrowski, S.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/382903.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2012
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    nowe technologie materiałowe
    staliwo austenityczne
    żeliwo typu duplex
    zużycie ścierne
    zużycie adhezyjne
    new materials technologies
    austenitic cast steel
    duplex cast iron
    abrasion wear
    adhesive wear
    Opis:
    The current work presents the research results of abrasion wear and adhesive wear at rubbing and liquid friction of new austenitic, austenitic-ferritic ('duplex') cast steel and gray cast iron EN-GJL-250, spheroidal graphite iron EN-GJS-600-3, pearlitic with ledeburitic carbides and spheroidal graphite iron with ledeburitic carbides with a microstructure of the metal matrix: pearlitic, upper bainite, mixture of upper and lower bainite, martensitic with austenite, pearlitic-martensitic-bainitic-ausferritic obtained in the raw state. The wearing quality test was carried out on a specially designed and made bench. Resistance to abrasion wear was tested using sand paper P40. Resistance to adhesive wear was tested in interaction with steel C55 normalized, hardened and sulfonitrided. The liquid friction was obtained using CASTROL oil. It was stated that austenitic cast steel and 'duplex' are characterized by a similar value of abrasion wear and adhesive wear at rubbing friction. The smallest decrease in mass was shown by the cast steel in interaction with the sulfonitrided steel C55. Austenitic cast steel and 'duplex' in different combinations of friction pairs have a higher wear quality than gray cast iron EN-GJL-250 and spheroidal graphite iron EN-GJS-600-3. Austenitic cast steel and 'duplex' are characterized by a lower wearing quality than the spheroidal graphite iron with bainitic-martensitic microstructure. In the adhesive wear test using CASTROL oil the tested cast steels and cast irons showed a small mass decrease within the range of 1-2 mg.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2012, 12, 2; 235-244
    1897-3310
    2299-2944
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Nagniatanie staliwa typu dupleks w aspekcie zwiększenia twardości i zmniejszenia chropowatości powierzchni
    The Burnishing Process of Two-phase Cast Steel in the Aspect of Reducing Roughness and Increase of Hardness
    Autorzy:
    Dyl, T.
    Rydz, D.
    Stradomski, G.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/342054.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Morski w Gdyni. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Morskiego w Gdyni
    Tematy:
    nagniatanie statyczne naporowe toczne (NSNT)
    wskaźnik zmniejszenia chropowatości powierzchni
    stopień względnego umocnienia warstwy wierzchniej
    staliwo typu dupleks
    burnishing rolling – pressuring process (BRP)
    surface roughness reduction ratio
    degree of relative strain hardening
    duplex cast steel
    Opis:
    W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań doświadczalnych nagniatania statycznego naporowego tocznego (NSNT) staliwa typu dupleks w gatunku GX2CrNiMoCuN25-6-3-3. Nagniatanie czopów wałów przeprowadzono z wykorzystaniem nagniataka krążkowego (NK-01). Po przeprowadzonych badaniach eksperymentalnych określono, że występuje wzrost stopnia umocnienia, następuje zmniejszenie chropowatości, a krzywa udziału materiałowego ma kształt wypukły, co, biorąc pod uwagę nośność powierzchni, wpływać będzie bezpośrednio na jej odporność na zużywanie ścierne i korozyjne. Po przeprowadzonych badaniach stwierdzono, że na twardość warstwy wierzchniej oraz chropowatość zewnętrznych powierzchni walcowych istotny wpływ mają parametry technologiczne obróbki: posuw nagniatania, głębokość dosuwu nagniataka, prędkość nagniatania i liczba przejść obróbkowych. Obróbkę nagniataniem staliwa typu dupleks gładkościową i umacniającą wykonano przy zadanych parametrach: posuw nagniatania fn = 0,2 mm/obr; głębokość dosuwu nagniataka an = 1,0 mm, prędkość nagniatania vn = 70 m/min i liczba przejść obróbkowych i = 2.
    The paper presents results of experimental studies of burnishing rolling – pressuring (BRP) cast steel grade GX2CrNiMoCuN25-6-3-3. Burnishing of the shafts neck is proposed using burnisher roller (BR–01). In experimental studies it has been stated that there is a surface layer increase in hardness, roughness reduction and the material ratio curve is convex shaped, which, taking into account the load capacity of the surface, will directly affect its resistance to wear and corrosion. After studies it was found that the hardness of the surface layer and the roughness of the shaft necks are significantly influenced by technological parameters of processing. To achieve the objectives of strengthen and smooth burnishing of cast steel duplex should be used: feed fn = 0.2 mm/rev and disk burnishing tool feed an = 1.0 mm, burnishing speed vn = 70 m/min and the passes i = 2.
    Źródło:
    Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Gdyni; 2017, 100; 76-86
    1644-1818
    2451-2486
    Pojawia się w:
    Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Gdyni
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
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