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Tytuł:
Precipitation of Sigma and Chi Phases in Cast Standard Duplex Stainless Steel
Autorzy:
Myška, Martin
Bořil, Petr
Krutiš, Vladimír
Kaňa, Václav
Zádĕra, Antonin
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/27314154.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czasopisma i Monografie PAN
Tematy:
cast duplex steel
intermetallics
precipitation
Sigma phase
Chi phase
odlewy
stal duplex
intermetalik
wytrącenia
faza sigma
faza chi
Opis:
This work deals with the problem of intermetallic phases in cast standard duplex steel ASTM A890 Gr 4A (generally known as 2205). The investigated steel was subjected to isothermal heat treatment in the range from 595 °C to 900 °C and in the duration from 15 minutes to 245 hours, and was also investigated in terms of anisothermal (natural) cooling after casting into the mould. The precipitation starts at grain boundaries with a consistent ferrite transformation. The work is focused on the precipitation of the sigma phase (σ) and the chi phase (χ). Examination of the microstructure was conducted using light and scanning electron microscopy. Their statistical analysis was carried out using the results of the investigations of precipitation processes in the microstructure, both within the grains and at the grain boundaries. To illustrate this impact, the surface area of precipitates was evaluated. The percentage of these intermetallic phases was calculated by measuring their area using a computer image analysis system. Based on their observations, a combined time-temperature transformation (TTT) diagram with continuous cooling transformation (CCT) curves was created.
Źródło:
Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2023, 23, 2; 29--34
1897-3310
2299-2944
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Foundry Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Influence of Hyperquenching Temperature on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Alloy Cast Steel GX2CrNiMoCuN 25-6-3-3
Autorzy:
Jurczyk, P.
Wróbel, T.
Baron, C.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2049633.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
duplex cast steel
heat treatment
mechanical properties
microstructure
Opis:
The paper presents the research results concerning the chromium-nickel-molybdenum duplex cast steel GX2CrNiMoCuN 25-6-3-3 grade. The aim of studies was the description of the influence of hyperquenching temperature Tp i.e. 1100, 1125 and 1150°C on microstructure and mainly mechanical properties i.e. tensile strength UTS, yield strength YS, hardness HB, elongation EL and impact energy KV of duplex cast steel GX2CrNiMoCuN 25-6-3-3 grade. The range of studies included ten melts which were conducted in foundry GZUT S.A. Based on the obtained results was confirmed that application of hyperquenching process guarantees the elimination of brittle s phase in the microstructure of studied duplex cast steel. Moreover on the basis of conducted statistical analysis of the researches results is concluded that with the decrease in hyperquenching temperature increases ductility and amount of austenite, while decreases strength and amount of ferrite in studied duplex cast steel GX2CrNiMoCuN 25-6-3-3 grade.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2021, 66, 1; 73-80
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The effect of parameters and geometry cutting edge after turning of the duplex cast steel on the maximum tool flank wear
Autorzy:
Dyl, Tomasz Cyryl
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/246568.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
turning
surface roughness
duplex cast steel
cutting edge
flank wear
Opis:
It is important to shape the required properties of the surface layer in the technological process. This issue is an important problem due to the ability of the kinematic pair elements to the required reliable operation of machine parts. The latest generation devices work with increasing operational loads. This forces the search forever-newer construction materials or innovative manufacturing engineering technologies that would ensure high reliability and durability of machine components. For mechanical engineering, continue to be used on steel structures of machine parts. In the petrochemical and shipbuilding industry, stainless steels are very poplars. Those materials are used in the constructions of seawater and acid installations. Currently, a newer material with more favourable properties is two-phase stainless steel. This is the so-called duplex steel. It can be applied to pump shafts in acid or seawater solutions. Duplex cast steel is a difficult-to-cut material. It is important to determine the effect of cutting parameters on the surface quality of the shafts and wear of cutting edge. Traditional methods of finishing surface treatment of shafts are machining (turning, grinding, superfinishing). Considering the possibilities of equipping a marine power plant workshop, it would be best to use machining by turning. The paper specifies the relationship between the wear of the cutting edge and the geometrical structure of the machined surface as well as the type of tool material used and the shape of the cutting inserts.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2019, 26, 2; 29-35
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Physical and Numerical Modeling of Duplex Cast Steel Thin-Walled Castings
Autorzy:
Stradomski, G.
Nadolski, M.
Zyska, A.
Kania, B.
Rydz, D.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/351674.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
duplex cast steel
centrifugal casting
gravity casting
thin-walled castings
Opis:
The paper, which is a summary and supplement of previous works and research, presents the results of numerical and physical modeling of the GX2CrNiMoCuN25-6-3 duplex cast steel thin-walled castings production. To obtain thin-walled castings with wall in the thinnest place even below 1 mm was used the centrifugal casting technology and gravity casting. The analyzed technology (centrifugal casting) enables making elements with high surface quality with reduced consumption of batch materials and, as a result, reducing the costs of making a unitary casting. The idea behind the production of cast steel with the use of centrifugal technology was to find a remedy for the problems associated with unsatisfactory castability of the tested alloy. The technological evaluation of the cast construction was carried out using the Nova Flow & Solid CV 4.3r8 software. Numerical simulations of crystallization and cooling were carried out for a casting without a gating system and sinkhead located in a mold in accordance with the pouring position. It was assumed that the analyzed cast will be made in the sand form with dimensions 250×250×120 mm.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2019, 64, 4; 1449-1456
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Corrosion Resistance of Cast Duplex Steels
Autorzy:
Müller, Peter
Pernica, V.
Kaňa, V.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2174617.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
cast duplex steel
pitting
critical pitting temperature
ferric chloride
mechanical properties
corrosion
staliwo duplex
korozja
odporność na wżery
temperatura krytyczna
chlorek żelazowy
właściwości mechaniczne
Opis:
The aim of this work is to investigate the resistance of cast duplex (austenitic-ferritic) steels to pitting corrosion with respect to the value of PREN (Pitting Resistance Equivalent Number). Pitting corrosion is one of the most common types of corrosion of stainless steels. In most cases, it is caused by the penetration of aggressive anions through the protective passive layer of the steel, and after its disruption, it leads to subsurface propagation of corrosion. The motivation for the research was a severe pitting corrosion attack on the blades of the gypsum-calcium water mixer in a thermal power plant operation. In order to examine the corrosion resistance, 4 samples of 1.4517 steel with different concentrations of alloying elements (within the interval indicated by the steel grade) and thus with a different PREN value were cast. The corrosion resistance of the samples was evaluated by the ASTM G48 – 11 corrosion test in a 6% aqueous FeCl3 solution at room and elevated solution temperatures. To verify the possible effect of different alloying element concentrations on the mechanical properties, the research was supplemented by tensile and Charpy impact tests. Based on the results, it was found that a significant factor in the resistance of duplex steels to pitting corrosion is the temperature of the solution. For the components in operation, it is therefore necessary to take this effect into account and thoroughly control and manage the temperature of the environment in which the components operate.
Źródło:
Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2022, 22, 3; 5--10
1897-3310
2299-2944
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Foundry Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Odporność korozyjna dwufazowego staliwa 24Cr-5Mn-2Ni-3Mo
Corrosion Resistance of 24Cr-5Mn-2Ni-3Mo Duplex Cast Steel
Autorzy:
Kalandyk, B.
Starowicz, M.
Zapała, R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/382698.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
staliwo duplex
korozja elektrochemiczna
krzywe polaryzacji
duplex cast steel
electrochemical corrosion
polarization curves
Opis:
Przedmiotem badań było porównanie odporności na korozję elektrochemiczną dwóch gatunków kwasoodpornego staliwa ferrytyczno-austenitycznego (duplex): klasycznego zawierającego 24Cr-5Ni-2,5Mo-2,6Cu z nowym gatunkiem staliwa zawierającym 24Cr-5Mn-2Ni-3Mo, w którym Ni częściowo został zastąpiony przez Mn i N. Zawartość pierwiastków austenitotwórczych (Ni, Mn i N) została tak dobrana, aby udział ferrytu δ w staliwie wynosił 45÷50%. Na podstawie przeprowadzonych badań korozyjnych stwierdzono, że oba materiały ulegają samorzutnej pasywacji w 3% roztworze NaCl. Staliwo z podwyższoną zawartością Mn i N posiada znacznie wyższą wartość potencjału bezprądowego (Eo = -0,7 V), niż klasyczne staliwo duplex (Eo = -0,95V) oraz wykazuje zasadnicze różnice w gęstości prądu anodowego. Jest ono również bardziej odporne na korozję lokalną. Analiza mikrostrukturalna produktów korozji wskazuje na obecność nielicznych wżerów korozyjnych powstających głównie na wtrąceniach niemetalicznych.
The aim of the studies was to compare the electrochemical corrosion resistance of the two grades of acid-resistant cast austenitic-ferritic (duplex) steel, i.e. the conventional grade containing 24Cr-5Ni-2.5Mo-2.6Cu and a cast steel grade containing 24Cr-5Mn-2Ni-3Mo, where Ni was partially replaced by a higher content of Mn and N. The content of austenite-forming elements (Ni, Mn and N) has been chosen in such a way as to keep the δ ferrite fraction in the cast steel at a level of 45 ÷ 50%. Based on the corrosion test results, it was found that both materials undergo a spontaneous passivation in the 3% NaCl solution. The cast steel with increased content of Mn and N has a much higher value of the electro less potential (Eo = -0.7 V) than the conventional cast duplex steel (Eo = -0,95V), and shows substantial differences in the anodic current density. It is also more resistant to local corrosion. Microstructural analysis of corrosion products indicates the presence of very few corrosion pits formed mainly on the non-metallic inclusions.
Źródło:
Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2015, 15, 4 spec.; 53-56
1897-3310
2299-2944
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Foundry Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Burnishing Process of the Duplex Cast Steel in Aspect of Improving the Tribological Properties
Autorzy:
Stradomski, G. E.
Fik, Joanna
Rydz, Dariusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/27314153.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czasopisma i Monografie PAN
Tematy:
tribology
duplex cast steel
static pressure roller burnishing
SPRB
trybologia
staliwo duplex
dogniatanie
Opis:
Duplex cast steel it is a material with great potential. The properties of this material have contributed to its wide application in many industrial sectors, for example: oil extraction, printing, petrochemical industry, energy - flue gas desulphurization systems, seawater desalination plants, shipbuilding industry. The article presents the results of tribological tests following the static pressure roller burnishing (SPRB) process of GX2CrNiMoN22-5-3 duplex cast steel. The tests provided a basis for assessing the effect of the burnishing parameters on tribological properties of that material. The issue is important because the authors focused their research on duplex cast steels grade that are not containing copper. The article presents part of the research concerning the influence of the burnishing process on the properties of the duplex steel surface layer. Copper in duplex steels affects many areas one of them is the plastic properties. Its absence also reduces castability. Because of that it is reasonable to determine to what extent the properties of the surface layer of copper-free duplex cast steel grades can be shaped in burnishing process.
Źródło:
Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2023, 23, 2; 51--57
1897-3310
2299-2944
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Foundry Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The influence of the geometry of the cutting edge and machining parameters of duplex cast steel after turning
Autorzy:
Dyl, T. C.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/246936.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
turning
finishing
forming surface layer
surface roughness reduction
duplex cast steel
Opis:
The development and research activity is connected to the production of newer and more functional products. Innovative processes are being developed and applied; services and projects are delivered. Products are work items that should be initially designed, then manufactured and finally sold and utilized. Examples of products may be airplanes, ships, cars, machine tools, gears, crankshafts, drive shaft, tubes as well as gasoline, electricity and gas, etc. The product has to meet the expectations of the future use. It is characterized by a set of functional features. In the case of machines and their capabilities and performance, for example, durability, reliability, resulting from the characteristics represented by the structural units forming the structure. The formation of the desired features of the surface layer in the technological process is an important problem due to the ability of the elements of kinematic pairs to fulfil the function as long as possible foreseen for them. The article presents results of experimental studies of turning cast steel grade GX2CrNiMoCuN25-6-3-3. The aim of the research was to determine the geometry of the cutting edge and the technological parameters of cutting that are conducive to obtaining the roughness in the field of very accurate machining. It can achieve the appropriate technological quality of the workpiece surface. After these experimental studies was determined that there is a reduction roughness using suitable inserts. Turning was made for the duplex cast steel. The technological parameters of machining process were used: feed rate f = 0.1-0.2 mm/rev, depth of cut ap = 0.5 mm, cutting speed vc = 50-100 m/min. Turning was made using universal lathe CDS 500x1000 equipped with CCMT carbide tipped inserts.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2018, 25, 4; 75-81
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Technological Assessment of the Possibility of Making Light-section Castings of GX2CrNiMoN25-6-3 Cast Steel by the Centrifugal Casting Method
Autorzy:
Stradomski, G.
Nadolski, M.
Stradomski, Z.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/380927.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
duplex cast steel
centrifugal casting technology
casting production
staliwo duplex
odlewanie odśrodkowe
produkcja odlewnicza
Opis:
The paper presents the results of investigation into the technological possibility of making light-section castings of GX2CrNiMoN25-6-3 cast steel. For making castings with a wall thickness in the thinnest place as small as below 1 mm, the centrifugal casting technology was employed. The technology under consideration enables items with high surface quality to be obtained, while providing a reduced consumption of the charge materials and, as a result, a reduction in the costs of unit casting production.
Źródło:
Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2015, 15, 3; 57-60
1897-3310
2299-2944
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Foundry Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Role of Carbon in the Mechanism of Ferritic-Austenitic Cast Steel Solidification
Autorzy:
Stradomski, G.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/381622.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
duplex cast steel
microstructure
hot crack
primary structure
staliwo typu duplex
mikrostruktura
pękanie
struktura
Opis:
The paper presents the results of research on the microstructure of GX2CrNiMoCuN25-6-3-3 and GX2CrNiMoCuN25-6-3 cast steels with a varying carbon content. The cause for undertaking the research were technological problems with hot cracking in bulk castings of duplex cast steel with a carbon content of approx. 0.06% and with 23% Cr, 8.5% Ni, 3% Mo and 2.4% Cu. The research has shown a significant effect of increased carbon content on the ferrite and austenite microstructure morphology, while exceeding the carbon content of 0.06% results in a change of the shape of primary grains from equiaxial to columnar.
Źródło:
Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2014, 14, 3; 83-86
1897-3310
2299-2944
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Foundry Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Microstructure of Thin-walled GX2CrNiMoN25-6-3 Cast Steel Made by Centrifugal Casting
Autorzy:
Stradomski, G.
Nadolski, M.
Stradomski, Z.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/383192.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
duplex cast steel
centrifugal casting technology
alloy microstructure
staliwo typu duplex
odlewanie odśrodkowe
mikrostruktura stopu
Opis:
The paper presents the results of investigation into the technological possibility of making light-section castings of GX2CrNiMoN25-6-3 cast steel. Due the fact that the GX2CrNiMoN25-6-3 duplex cast steel has a complex microstructure authors of this paper took on its analysis. For making castings with a wall thickness in the thinnest place as small as below 1 mm, the centrifugal casting technology, as it was presented in the paper [1], is one of the most effective technology. In the paper was made the analysis of four different parameters of the casting process and different parameters of heat treatment.
Źródło:
Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2015, 15, 3 spec.; 77-82
1897-3310
2299-2944
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Foundry Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Cracking Mechanism of Ferritic- Austenitic Cast Steel
Autorzy:
Stradomski, G.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/383172.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
duplex cast steel
hot cracking
solidification process
sigma phase
staliwo duplex
pękanie na gorąco
proces krzepnięcia
faza sigma
Opis:
In the high-alloy, ferritic - austenitic (duplex) stainless steels high tendency to cracking, mainly hot-is induced by micro segregation processes and change of crystallization mechanism in its final stage. The article is a continuation of the problems presented in earlier papers [1-4]. In the range of high temperature cracking appear one mechanism a decohesion - intergranular however, depending on the chemical composition of the steel, various structural factors decide of the occurrence of hot cracking. The low-carbon and low-alloy cast steel casting hot cracking cause are type II sulphide, in high carbon tool cast steel secondary cementite mesh and/or ledeburite segregated at the grain solidified grains boundaries, in the case of Hadfield steel phosphorus - carbide eutectic, which carrier is iron-manganese and low solubility of phosphorus in high manganese matrix. In duplex cast steel the additional factor increasing the risk of cracking it is very "rich" chemical composition and related with it processes of precipitation of many secondary phases.
Źródło:
Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2016, 16, 4; 153-156
1897-3310
2299-2944
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Foundry Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wytop staliwa dwufazowego sposobem odzyskowym
Two-Phase Cast Steel Production with Regenerative Method
Autorzy:
Bartocha, D.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/381737.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
staliwo duplex
struktura dwufazowa
kinetyka stygnięcia
wytop odzyskowy
badanie mikrostruktury
symulacja krzepnięcia
two-phase cast steel
remelting
duplex cast steel
microstructure analysis
simulation of solidification
Opis:
W pracy przedstawiono wyniki próbnych wytopów staliwa GX2CrNiMoCuN25-6-3-3 przeprowadzonych w otwartym laboratoryjnym piecu indukcyjnym sposobem odzyskowym. Wytopy polegały na przetopieniu złomu staliwa duplex, a zabiegi ograniczono tylko do końcowego odtlenienia. W ramach każdego wytopu wykonane zostały odlewy próbne schodkowe. Przedstawiono wyniki badań składu chemicznego i określono jego zmiany w różnym stadium wytopu. Na podstawie badań mikrostruktury i symulacji krzepnięcia odlewów próbnych określono wpływ szybkości stygnięcia na strukturę badanego staliwa.
In the article the results of trial melts of cast steel grade GX2CrNiMoCuN25-6-3-3 conducted in an open laboratory inductive furnace with regenerative method are presented. Melts consisted on remelting scrap of duplex cast steel, and metallurgical treatment is limited only to the final deoxidation. Within each melts step-test castings are made. The results of chemical composition analysis are presented and it changes in the various stages of melting have been determined. On the basis of microstructure analysis and simulation of casting solidification, the effect of cooling rate on the structure of the tested cast steel has been estimated.
Źródło:
Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2014, 14, 3 spec.; 3-8
1897-3310
2299-2944
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Foundry Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Analysis of AISI A3 Type Ferritic-Austenitic Cast Steel Crystallization Mechanism
Autorzy:
Stradomski, G.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/380395.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
duplex cast steel
solidification
numerical methods
DTA
peritectic reaction
sigma phase
staliwo typu duplex
krzepnięcie
metoda numeryczna
reakcja perytektyczna
faza sigma
Opis:
High-alloy corrosion-resistant ferritic-austenitic steels and cast steels are a group of high potential construction materials. This is evidenced by the development of new alloys both low alloys grades such as the ASTM 2101 series or high alloy like super or hyper duplex series 2507 or 2707 [1-5]. The potential of these materials is also presented by the increasing frequency of sintered components made both from duplex steel powders as well as mixtures of austenitic and ferritic steels [6, 7]. This article is a continuation of the problems presented in earlier works [5, 8, 9] and its inspiration were technological observed problems related to the production of duplex cast steel. The analyzed AISI A3 type cast steel is widely used in both wet exhaust gas desulphurisation systems in coal fired power plants as well as in aggressive working environments. Technological problems such as hot cracking presented in works [5, 8], with are effects of the rich chemical composition and phenomena occurring during crystallization, must be known to the technologists. The presented in this work phenomena which occur during the crystallization and cooling of ferritic-austenitic cast steel were investigated using numerical methods with use of the ThermoCalc and FactSage® software, as well with use of experimental thermal-derivative analysis.
Źródło:
Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2017, 17, 3; 229-233
1897-3310
2299-2944
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Foundry Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Comparison of Methods for Determining the Ferrite Content in Duplex Cast Steels
Autorzy:
Kaňa, V.
Pernica, V.
Zadera, A.
Krutiš, V.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/382804.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
non-destructive testing
duplex cast steel
metallographic evaluation
XRD
ferritoscope
badania nieniszczące
staliwo
metalografia
ferryt
zawartość ferrytu
Opis:
The paper is concerned with comparing the methods for determining the ferrite content in castings from duplex stainless steels. It uses Schaeffler diagram, empirical formula based calculation, image analysis of metallographic sample, X-ray diffraction and measurement with a feritscope. The influence of wall thickness of the casting on the ferrite content was tested too. The results of the experiments show that the casting thickness of 25 or 60 mm does not have a significant effect on the measured amount of ferrite. The image analysis of metallographic sample and the measurement with the feritscope appear to be the most suitable methods. On the contrary, predictive methods, such as Schaeffler diagram or empirical formula based calculation are only indicative and cannot replace the real measurements. X-ray diffraction seems to be the least suitable measuring method. Values of ferrite content measured in such a way often deviated from the values measured by image analysis and with feritscope.
Źródło:
Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2019, 2; 85-90
1897-3310
2299-2944
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Foundry Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 22

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