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Tytuł:
Adsorption behavior of pharmaceutically active dexketoprofen as sustainable corrosion Inhibitor for API X80 carbon steel in acidic medium
Autorzy:
Nkem, B. Iroha
Abosede, O. James
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1076601.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN
Tematy:
Adsorption
Carbon steel
Dexketoprofen
Inhibition
SEM
Opis:
The inhibition of X80 carbon steel corrosion in 1 M HCl solution by dexketoprofen (DKP) was studied using weight loss (WL), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), potentiodynamic polarization (PDP) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques. The results indicated that DKP acts by way of adsorption as an effective protective inhibitor in the aggressive acid medium. The inhibition efficiency of DKP increased with concentration but was lower at higher temperature. The results of potentiodynamic polarization showed that DKP molecule behaved as a mixed type inhibitor by reducing both the anodic and the cathodic electrochemical reactions. Dexketoprofen was adsorbed on the X80 steel surface in accordance with Langmuir adsorption isotherm. SEM analyses supported formation of protective film on the X80 steel in the presence of DKP.
Źródło:
World News of Natural Sciences; 2019, 27; 22-37
2543-5426
Pojawia się w:
World News of Natural Sciences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Influence structure on the plasticity of carbon steel of the railway wheel rim in operation
Autorzy:
Vakulenko, Igor Alex
Vakulenko, Leonid
Bolotova, Dariy
Kurt, Bulent
Asgarov, Hangardash
Çölova, Ömer
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2176495.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Politechnika Śląska. Wydawnictwo Politechniki Śląskiej
Tematy:
carbon steel
strain
stal węglowa
naprężenie
Opis:
When simulating the operating conditions of the rim of a railway wheel, an analysis of change in the structural state from the possible degree of plastic deformation and the heating temperature of steel near the rolling surface was carried out. The development processes of spheroidization and coalescence of cementite during heating of the cold-worked steel change its ability to strain hardening. Substructure changes during heating to temperatures of 500-550°C deformed steel are accompanied by a simultaneous decrease in its ability to strain hardening and the level of plasticity. When heated above 500-550°C, the development of ferrite recrystallization processes provides a gradual transition of the metal from substructure hardening to hardening from grain boundaries with large angles of disorientation. It is shown that regardless of the nature of the main structural element, the ability of steel to strain hardening and the level of plasticity after heating are related by a proportional relationship.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Naukowe. Transport / Politechnika Śląska; 2022, 115; 183--192
0209-3324
2450-1549
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Naukowe. Transport / Politechnika Śląska
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Influence of Deformation and Austenitization Temperature on the Kinetics of Phase Transformations During Cooling of High-Carbon Steel
Autorzy:
Kawulok, P.
Podolinský, P.
Kajzar, P.
Schindler, I.
Kawulok, R.
Ševčák, V.
Opěla, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/350975.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
high-carbon steel
cooling
transformation diagrams
microstructure
hardness
Opis:
The aim of the performed experiments was to determine the influence of deformation and of austenitization temperature on the kinetics of phase transformations during cooling of high-carbon steel (0.728 wt. % C). The CCT and DCCT diagrams for austenitization temperature 940°C and DCCT diagram for austenitization temperature 1000°C were constructed with the use of dilatometric tests. On the basis of obtained results, a featureless effect of austenitization temperature and deformation on the kinetics of phase transformations during cooling of investigated steel was observed. Critical cooling rates for the transformation of martensite in microstructure fluctuated from 5 to 7°C · s-1 (depending on the parameters of austenitization and deformation), but only at cooling rates higher than 8°C · s-1 a dominant share of martensite was observed in the investigated steel, which resulted in the significant increase of hardness.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2018, 63, 4; 1743-1748
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
High Temperature Corrosion Performance of Carbon Steel Coated with Iron Aluminide in Mixture of O2 and SO2 Atmosphere
Autorzy:
Omranian-Mohammadi, P.
Raiszadeh, R.
Shahverdi, H. R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/352419.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
iron aluminide
high temperature corrosion
plain carbon steel
Opis:
In this investigation the surface of an aluminized sample of plain carbon steel was melted and alloyed using a tingsten inert gas (TIG) welding process to produce iron-aluminide intermetallic phases on the surface. The produced coating was then characterized by SEM and EDS and its high-temperature properties in O2 + 1%SO2 gas were examined. The results showed that the Fe3 Al coating produced could protect the substrate as it was subjected to the corroding gases at 700°C due to the formation of an alumina layer between the substrate and an outer layer of Fe2 O3 . At 900°C, the coating could only protect the substrate for 64 h. The lack of further protection at this temperature is attributed to the decrease in the protective properties of alumina with an increase in its temperature and the lack of presence of enough Al atoms in the coating for the repair of the defects formed in the alumina layer.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2020, 65, 2; 529-538
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The influence of die approach and bearing part of die on mechanical-technological properties of high carbon steel wires
Wpływ części roboczej i kalibrującej ciągadła na własności mechaniczno-technologiczne drutów ze stali wysokowęglowej
Autorzy:
Adamczyk, J.
Suliga, M.
Pilarczyk, J.W.
Burdek, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/356185.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
high carbon steel wires
mechanical properties
die geometry
Opis:
In this work the influence of the die approach and bearing part of die on mechanical-technological properties of high carbon steel wires has been assessed. The drawing process of φ5.5 mm wires to the final wire of φ2.9 mm was conducted in 6 passes, by means of a multi-die drawing machine Koch type. The drawing speeds in the last passes were: 7 m/s. For wires drawn according to four variants the investigation of mechanical-technological properties has been carried out, in which yield strength, tensile strength, uniform and total elongation, reduction of area, the number of twists and the number of bends were determined. On the basis of numerical analyses wire drawing process, the influence of geometry of die on redundant strain and effective strain has been determined. The investigations have shown the essential influence of geometry of die on mechanical-technological properties of high carbon steel wires. It has been shown that the increase of strength properties in wires drawn with high die angle is related to the occurrence in their bigger effective strain.
W pracy określono wpływ części roboczej i kalibrującej ciągadła na własności mechaniczno-technologiczne drutów ze stali wysokowęglowej. Proces ciągnienia drutów o średnicy 5,5 mm na średnice końcowa 2,9 mm zrealizowano w 6 ciągach na ciągarce wielostopniowej typu Koch. Prędkość ciągnienia na ostatnim ciągu wynosiła 7 m/s. Dla drutów ciągnionych według czterech wariantów ciągnienia, przeprowadzono badania własności mechaniczno-technologicznych, w których określono umowna granice plastyczności, wytrzymałość na rozciąganie, wydłużenie równomierne i całkowite, przewężenie, liczba skręceń i liczbę zgięć. Natomiast w oparciu o analizę teoretyczna procesu ciągnienia określono wpływ geometrii ciągadła na odkształcenia postaciowe i intensywność odkształcenia. Przeprowadzone badania wykazały istotny wpływ geometrii ciągadła na własności mechaniczno-technologiczne oraz nierównomierność odkształcenia drutów ze stali wysokowęglowych. Stwierdzono, ze wzrost własności wytrzymałościowych w drutach ciągnionych z dużymi wartościami kata ciągnienia związany jest z ich większa intensywnością odkształcenia.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2012, 57, 4; 1105-1110
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Influence of Process Parameters on Ceroxide Formation in Low-Carbon Steels
Autorzy:
Vaucheret, A.
Nicolini, C.
Carton, J.-F.
Jacquet, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/106937.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie. Wydawnictwo AGH
Tematy:
ceroxide
low carbon steel
mold/metal reaction
deoxidation
Opis:
Ceroxides are surface defects caused by a mold-metal reaction during the casting process of steels. This type of defect may affect a large area, but it is located only on the skin of the parts. It does not affect the core of the parts nor its mechanical properties. Nevertheless, ceroxides induce a lack of material on the surface, forming a kind of crater and needing complementary surfacing. The defect is also composed by several non-metallic inclusions containing Al, Mg, Si and O. An EDX analysis by mapping show these elements involved in the mold-metal reaction. The presence of these oxides could confirm the hypothesis of the deoxidizer reoxidation found in the bibliography. To better understand the specific conditions of ceroxide formation, the first step was to find of way to generate systematically this defect at each casting. Two patterns with different filling rate were designed, simulated on Quikcast and tested. The pattern with turbulent filling rate allowed the formation of ceroxide at each casting and so was used during this study. This result shows that the filling rate of the mold could be considered as a first order parameter in ceroxide formation. Then, a specific experimental set up was designed to characterize this defect. The analysis of the defect was done for sizing it: surface and depth. Finally, some key parameters on defect formation were determined like the nature of deoxidizer or the amount of oxygen in the mould. Some laboratory tests were lead to show the influence of these parameters by characterization of the casted parts in comparison with a reference sample. This study allowed us to find process parameters responsive of ceroxide formation and to propose some way of improvement to reduce the size and the occurrence of ceroxides.
Źródło:
Journal of Casting & Materials Engineering; 2017, 1, 4; 90-96
2543-9901
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Casting & Materials Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Study on Inhibition of N80 Carbon Steel in 0.5M KCl Solution Saturated with CO2 by Gum Arabic
Autorzy:
Palumbo, G.
Banaś, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/106989.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie. Wydawnictwo AGH
Tematy:
corrosion inhibition
gum arabic
carbon steel
electrochemical techniques
Opis:
The effect of Gum Arabic (GA) on the corrosion of an N80 carbon steel pipeline in a CO2 -saturated chloride (0.5M KCl) solution was investigated through AC impedance and polarization curves. Potentiodynamic measurements showed that the corrosion current density decreased in the presence of inhibitors and that the inhibitor acts like a mixed-type inhibitor, with anodic predominance. The Nyquist diagrams showed an increase in polarization resistance values in the presence of the inhibitor, thus increasing inhibition efficiency. At higher temperatures, the inhibition efficiency decreased, implying that the inhibition action of GA occurred via the physical adsorption process. The activation parameters of the corrosion process such as activation energies, Ea, and the heat of adsorption, Qads, were calculated, respectively, by the obtained corrosion rate and inhibition efficiency at different temperatures. At higher temperatures, the increase in activation energy combined with the negative levels of the heat of adsorption further supported the physical adsorption nature of the process.
Źródło:
Journal of Casting & Materials Engineering; 2018, 2, 1; 5-8
2543-9901
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Casting & Materials Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Impact assessment of effectiveness of thiourea and THAM for corrosion process on carbon steel in calcium chloride environment
Autorzy:
Malinowski, S.
Jaroszyńska-Wolińska, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/390655.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Politechnika Lubelska. Wydawnictwo Politechniki Lubelskiej
Tematy:
corrosion inhibitor
thiourea
THAM
carbon steel
anticorrosive properties
Opis:
The main objective of this paper is to present a comparison of the corrosion inhibiting effect of thiourea and THAM (tri(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane) on carbon steel samples immersed in calcium chloride solutions. The testing has shown that to inhibit the corrosive action of the calcium chloride solution, the thiourea solution can be successfully replaced by the THAM solution. The study was performed with the use of st3s, structural and reinforcing steel. In the case of st3s steel samples, the application of the 0.01% THAM solution causes a decrease of its weight loss by about 60%. The application of a 10-times stronger THAM solution causes an increase of the corrosion inhibition on the tested samples by about 20%. A combined protective action of the thiourea and THAM solutions brings about an increase of the corrosion process inhibition by about 70% both for the st3s and the structural samples. The 0.01% and 0.1% THAM solutions applied to inhibit the corrosion process on structural samples cause an increase of the corrosion protection by about 50% and 15% respectively.
Źródło:
Budownictwo i Architektura; 2016, 15, 2; 65-72
1899-0665
Pojawia się w:
Budownictwo i Architektura
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Production of Chromium Boride Layers on Carbon Steel with Conversion Treatment: Chromium Deposition + Diffusion Annealing
Autorzy:
Boubaaya, R.
Benarioua, Y.
Allaoui, O.
Djendel, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1031720.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017-09
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
Tematy:
carbon steel
boriding
chromium plating
diffusion annealing
chromium boride
Opis:
The present study has been conducted in order to obtaining chromium boride layers on carbon steel using a conversion processing comprising the following steps: boriding treatment in order to increase the amount of boron atoms in the steel surface, deposition of a thin layer of pure chromium using electrolytic method, and finally an annealing treatment for boron diffusion and formation of boride layer until complete transformation of chromium layer. Depending on the method used (chromium deposition followed by boriding or boriding followed by chromium deposition) and the holding time, the partial or complete conversion is obtained as a result of the diffusion process. The role of the annealing temperature on transformation rates of chromium into chromium boride films was investigated. It is shown that for 1 h at 900°C, the chromium layer is totally transformed. The scanning electron microscopy analysis and X-ray diffraction showed the presence of CrB and CrB₂ chromium borides in addition of FeB and Fe₂B iron borides.
Źródło:
Acta Physica Polonica A; 2017, 132, 3; 541-543
0587-4246
1898-794X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Physica Polonica A
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Influence of Adhesive Compound Viscosity on the Strength Properties of 1.0503 Steel Sheets Adhesive Joints
Autorzy:
Miturska-Barańska, Izabela
Rudawska, Anna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2180221.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Inżynierów i Techników Mechaników Polskich
Tematy:
adhesive joints
carbon steel
shear strength
epoxy adhesives
viscosity
Opis:
The presented study concerned the comparison of the adhesive joints strengths of 1.0503 carbon steel sheets of higher quality, which were made using adhesive compounds characterized by different viscosity index of the components. Three types of commercial epoxy resins were used: Epidian 5, Epidian 53 and Epidian 57, as well as two types of curing agents: polyamide (PAC) and amine (Z-1). The surfaces of the test specimens were subjected to a pre-treatment operation in the process of a mechanical machining with an abrasive coated tool of P320 gradation. The surface roughness measurements were carried out as a control. The single-lap adhesive joints were the subject of the strength testing. The strength tests carried out on a Zwick/Roell Z150 testing machine concerned the comparison of the strength of the adhesive joints loaded in shear. Statistical analysis was performed on the results obtained. It was observed, among others, that the adhesive joints prepared with the epoxy adhesive compounds containing the polyamide curing agent showed much higher the shear strength than the adhesive joints made with the epoxy adhesive compounds containing the amine curing agent. Moreover, the use of the polyamide curing agent in the adhesive compounds with the epoxy resins resulted in formation of a more elastic adhesive layer, for which higher elongation was observed than in the case of the epoxy compound with the amine curing agent.
Źródło:
Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal; 2022, 16, 2; 196-205
2299-8624
Pojawia się w:
Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Acoustic emission analysis of the plastic deformation stages of degraded low-carbon steel after long-term operation in the oil refining and petrochemical processing
Autorzy:
Lyasota, I.
Sarniak, Ł.
Kustra, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/351029.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
monitoring
low carbon steel
plastic deformation
acoustic emission
refinery industry
Opis:
This paper presents results obtained from a laboratory investigation conducted on material from a pressure vessel after longterm operation in the oil refinery industry. The tested material contained structural defects which arose from improper heat treatment during steel plate manufacturing. Complex tensile tests with acoustic emission signal recording were conducted on both notched and unnotched specimens. The detailed analysis of different acoustic emission criteria allowed as to detect each stage of plastic deformation and microstructural damage processes after a long-term operation, and unused carbon steels during quasi-static axial tension testing. The acoustic emission activity, generated in the typical stages of material deformation, was correlated by microscopy observations during the tensile test. The results are to be used as the basis for new algorithms for the assessment of the structural condition of in-service pressure equipment.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2019, 64, 1; 143-151
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Effect of Shot Peening With Glass Microspheres on the Fatigue Behavior of a Low Carbon Steel
Autorzy:
de Lacerda, J. C.
Pereira, I. R.
Costa, J. M. G.
Pinto, J. S.
Souza, H. F. M.
Fonseca, M. A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/352156.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
fatigue
shot peening
Wöhler curve
low carbon steel
glass microspheres
Opis:
The present work has the objective of studying the effect of shot peening with glass microspheres on SAE 1020 steel in its resistance to fatigue. Fatigue tests were carried out by rotary bending with load control and loading on balance in specimens with and without shot peening. A rotation speed of approximately 750 rpm (12.5 Hz) was employed in the fatigue tests. Vickers microhardness tests were performed in order to verify the surface hardening produced by shot peening with glass microspheres. Analysis of the steel surface and fatigue fractures was performed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Fatigue tests were performed in order to obtain S-N curves (Wöhler curves). It was observed that shot peening with glass microspheres improved the fatigue strength of the steel at high cycle.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2019, 64, 4; 1513-1518
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Enhancement in bath mixing and plume area in a new degassing process - a computational fluid dynamic study
Zwiększenie mieszania kąpieli i obszaru mieszania w nowym procesie odgazowania - badania obliczeniowej dynamiki płynów
Autorzy:
Mondal, M. K.
Maruoka, N.
Kitamura, S.
Gupta, G. S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/353329.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
REDA
stal niskowęglowa
CFD
odwęglanie
decarburization
ultra low carbon steel
Opis:
Reaction between the various species in slag and metal phase is usually mass transfer controlled. There have been continuous efforts to increase the reaction efficiency in slag-metal system, especially during decarburization of steel to produce the ultra low carbon steel (ULCS) in secondary steelmaking. It has been found that the surface reaction is a dominant factor in the final stage of decarburization. In the initial stage, the inner site reaction is major factor in the refining process. The mixing of bath affects the later reaction. However, the former reaction (surface reaction) is affected by the plume size area at the top of the metal surface. Therefore, a computational study has been made to understand the fluid dynamics of a new secondary steelmaking process called Revolutionary Degasser Activator (REDA) to study the bath mixing and plume area. REDA process has been considered as it is claimed that this process can reduce the carbon content in steel below 10ppm in a less time than the other existing processes such as RH and Tank degasser. This study shows that both bath mixing and plume area are increased in REDA process facilitating it to give the desired carbon content in less time. Qualitative comments are made on slag-metal reaction system based on this finding.
Reakcja pomiędzy różnymi składnikami w fazie żużlowej i metalowej jest zwykle kontrolowana przez transport masy. Ciągle dążono do zwiększenia wydajności reakcji w układzie metal-żużel, zwłaszcza podczas procesu odwęglania, przy produkcji stali o ultra niskiej zawartości węgla (ULCS) podczas obróbki pozapieciowej. Stwierdzono, że reakcja na powierzchni jest czynnikiem dominującym w końcowej fazie odwęglenia. W początkowym etapie, reakcja wewnątrz jest głównym czynnikiem w procesie rafinacji. Mieszanie kąpieli wpływa na późniejszą reakcję. Jednakże na poprzednią reakcję (reakcja na powierzchni) ma wpływ wielkość obszaru mieszania na powierzchni metalu. W związku z tym dokonano obliczeń, w celu zrozumienia dynamiki płynów nowego procesu metalurgii pozapiecowej, nazwanego Rewolucyjny Aktywator Odgazowania (REDA), do badania mieszania kąpieli i obszaru mieszania. Twierdzi się że proces REDA może zmniejszyć zawartość węgla w stali poniżej 10 ppm w krótszym czasie, niż inne istniejące procesy takie jak RH i odgazowanie w kadzi. Z niniejszych badań wynika, że zarówno mieszanie kąpieli i obszar mieszania zwiększa się w procesie REDA, ułatwiając uzyskanie żądanej zawartość węgla w krótszym czasie. Poczynione są jakościowe uwagi na temat reakcji w układzie żużel-metal, oparte na tych wynikach.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2010, 55, 4; 1131-1135
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Corrosion Inhibition of API 5L X52 Carbon Steel by 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium-methanesulphonate and 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium Acetate Ionic Liquids in Hydrochloric Acid
Autorzy:
Ikpi, Magdalene Edet
Obono, Okama Ebri
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/354447.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
corrosion inhibition
carbon steel
ionic liquids
potentiodynamic polarization
electrochemical impedance
Opis:
The corrosion inhibition behaviour of 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium-methanesulphonate (EMIM[MS]) and 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate (EMIM[Ac]) on API 5LX-52 carbon steel in 2 M HCl was investigated using weight loss, potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance methods. The corrosion rates of carbon steel decreased in the presence of these ionic liquids. The inhibition efficiencies of the compounds increased with concentration and showed a marginal decrease with a 10°C increase in temperature. Polarization studies showed the compounds to be mixed type inhibitors with stronger anodic character. The adsorption mechanism of both compounds on the metal surface was via physical adsorption and the process obeyed the El-Awardy kinetic-thermodynamic model. The associated activation energy of corrosion and other thermodynamic parameters were calculated to elaborate on the thermodynamics and mechanism of the corrosion inhibition process. EMIM[MS] was found to inhibit the corrosion of carbon steel better than EMIM[Ac] and is attributed to the presence of the highly electronegative sulphur atom in its structure and its larger molecular size.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2020, 65, 1; 295-304
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Electrochemical and Quantum Chemical Investigation on Adsorption of Nifedipine as Corrosion Inhibitor at API 5L X-52 Steel / HCl Acid Interface
Autorzy:
Ikpi, M. E.
Abeng, F. E.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/356191.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
nifedipine
corrosion inhibition
electrochemical impedance
carbon steel
quantum chemical study
Opis:
Nifedipine, a pyridine derivative was investigated as corrosion inhibitor for API 5L X-52 steel in 2 M HCl solution by potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and quantum chemical calculations. Statistical tools were used to compare results of the experimental methods. The results showed that nifedipine is capable of inhibiting the corrosion of API 5L X-52 steel in 2 M HCl solution. Potentiodynamic polarization results reveal that nifedipine functions as a mixed-type inhibitor and presents an inhibition efficiency of about 78% at 500 ppm. Impedance data reveal an increasing charge transfer resistance with increasing inhibitor concentration and also shows comparable inhibition efficiency of about 89-94% at 500 ppm. Thermodynamic parameters imply that nifedipine is adsorbed on the steel surface by a physiochemical process and obeys Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The calculated molecular properties namely the highest occupied molecular orbital energy, lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy, chemical hardness, energy gap, dipole moment, electronegativity and global nucleophilicity index all show a positive relationship to the observed corrosion inhibition efficiency.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2020, 65, 1; 125-131
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Application of Acoustic Emission and Artificial Neural Networks in an Analysis of Kinetics in the Phase Transformation of Tool Steel During Austempering
Autorzy:
Łazarska, M.
Woźniak, T. Z.
Ranachowski, Z.
Ranachowski, P.
Trafarski, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/352705.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
carbon steel
austempering
lower bainite
acoustic emission (AE)
neural networks
Opis:
During the course of the study it involved tool steel C105U was used. The steel was austempered at temperatures of 130°C, 160°C and 180°C respectively. Methods of acoustic emission (AE) were used to investigate the resulting effects associated with transformations and a large number of AE events were registered. Neural networks were applied to analyse these phenomena. In the tested signal, three groups of events were identified of: high, medium and low energy. The average spectral characteristics enabled the power of the signal spectrum to be determined. After completing the process, the results were compiled in the form of diagrams of the relationship of the AE incidence frequency as a function of time. Based on the results, it was found that in the austempering of tool steel, in the first stage of transformation midrib morphology is formed. Midrib is a twinned thin plate martensite. In the 2nd stage of transformation, the intensity of the generation of medium energy events indicates the occurrence of bainite initialised by martensite. The obtained graphic of AE characteristics of tool steel austempering allow conclusions to be drawn about the kinetics and the mechanism of this transformation.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2017, 62, 2A; 603-609
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wear-Fatigue Study of Carbon Steels
Autorzy:
Hejwowski, Tadeusz
Szala, Mirosław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2123291.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Inżynierów i Techników Mechaników Polskich
Tematy:
fatigue
abrasive wear
carbon steel
wear
cast steel
structural steel
erosive wear
skin hardening steel
Opis:
The process of conjoined stress cycling and abrasive or erosive wear is encountered in industry. However, very scant attention has been paid till now to this issue. The paper presents two test rigs designed and built to cope with this experimental problem. Tests were carried out on the range of pure iron (Armco), carbon steels namely S235JR, C45, C70U, C80U, C110U and unalloyed cast steels (L40III, L45III and L50III). Tested iron-based alloys differ in chemical composition, microstructure and Brinell hardness ranging from 80HB to 350HB. Stress cycling caused strain hardening of ferrite in hypoeutectoid steels and thus reduced their abrasive wear loss. In the hypereutectoid steel stress cycling impaired integrity of the microstructure thus increasing abrasive wear loss. Alternating stresses enhanced ploughing and cutting micromechanisms of erosion. Tensile stress in the tested cast steel had a stronger effect on wear loss than the prior stress history.
Źródło:
Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal; 2021, 15, 3; 179--190
2299-8624
Pojawia się w:
Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Influence of longitudinal cold rolling on the surface topography of low carbon structural steel for engine parts
Wpływ walcowania wzdłużnego na topografię powierzchni stali niskowęglowej stosowanej w budowie samochodów
Autorzy:
Valiček, J.
Harničárová, M.
Hlaváček, P.
Hloch, S.
Zeleňák, M.
Kacalak, W.
Łukianowicz, C.
Kukiełka, L.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/314238.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Instytut Naukowo-Wydawniczy "SPATIUM"
Tematy:
stal
stal niskowęglowa
konstrukcja
przemysł motoryzacyjny
steel
low-carbon steel
construction
automotive industry
Opis:
The paper presents a method of surface evaluation of steel strips formed by longitudinal cold rolling using the rolling mill DUO 210 SVa. The experiments were performed on samples of low carbon structural steel in order to determine the impact of grain size of material with respect to technological parameters, particularly with respect to the reduction and rolling force. Surface roughness of the steel strips was measured at three areas by an optical profilometer MicroProf FRT. Consequently, these three results were mutually compared.
Artykuł przestawia metodę oceny zmian struktury geometrycznej powierzchni części stalowych po walcowaniu wzdłużnym na zimno na walcarce typ DUO 210 SVa. W badaniach zastosowano stal niskowęglową stosowaną w budowie samochodów w celu określenia zależności pomiędzy wielkością ziarna struktury metalograficznej i parametrami technologicznymi procesu walcowania, w szczególności relacji zmniejszenie wysokości próbki – siła walcowania. Chropowatość powierzchni mierzono w trzech obszarach na profilografometrze typ MicroProf FRT. Otrzymane trzy wyniki porównano.
Źródło:
Autobusy : technika, eksploatacja, systemy transportowe; 2011, 12, 5; 414-422
1509-5878
2450-7725
Pojawia się w:
Autobusy : technika, eksploatacja, systemy transportowe
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Deoxidation Impact on Non-Metallic Inclusions and Characterization Methods
Autorzy:
Nicolini, C.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/106913.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie. Wydawnictwo AGH
Tematy:
sulfide morphology
deoxidation
non-metallic inclusions
low carbon steel
SEM-FEG
Opis:
Deoxidation is an unavoidable step in the elaboration of steel. The study of its influence could improve the quality of low-carbon steel (0.20–0.25 wt.% of carbon). There are many deoxidation methods, and the most-common one consists of adding aluminum. Although it is a classic method, determining the optimal process parameters (quantity, yield, etc.) could be very sensitive. Deoxidation plays a determining role on inclusion cleanliness, especially on sulfide morphology. In order to control the efficiency of deoxidation, different techniques can be used. In this paper, an automated counting procedure on a scanning electron microscope with a field emission gun (FEG-SEM) is presented. This method was applied on samples cast in our laboratory under different deoxidation conditions. According to this, the resulting inclusion population is correlated with the aluminum content to find the optimal process parameters.
Źródło:
Journal of Casting & Materials Engineering; 2017, 1, 4; 97-102
2543-9901
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Casting & Materials Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Influence of the Process Parameters on the Microstructure of a Hardfacing Coating Elaborated by Hot Isostatic Pressing
Autorzy:
Tellier, A.
Ardigo-Besnard, M. R.
Chateau-Cornu, J.-P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/355976.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
powder metallurgy
hot isostatic pressing
high carbon steel
microstructure
hardfacing coating
Opis:
Hot Isostatic Pressing elaboration of Norem02, an austenitic-ferritic hypereutectoid stainless steel, leads to the formation of an austenitic matrix with a mixture of acicular M7 C3 and globular M23 C6 carbides. The sintering tests, carried out by using an AISI 304L container, showed that the final microstructure and the carbides’ distribution of the HIPed Norem02 are strongly influenced by the process parameters (heating and cooling rate, sintering time, holding temperature and pressure) and by the particles’ size, microstructure and phase distribution of the initial powder. The morphological, crystallographic and chemical analysis of the sintered samples were completed by comprehension of the diffusion phenomena at the Norem02/304L interface, enabling the establishment of a correlation between elaboration process and final microstructure.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2019, 64, 1; 33-38
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Effect of Stand-Off Distance on the Structure and Properties of Zirconium - Carbon Steel Bimetal Produced by Explosion Welding
Wpływ odległości blach na strukturę i własności bimetalu cyrkon - stal wytworzonego technologią zgrzewania wybuchowego
Autorzy:
Prażmowski, M.
Paul, H.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/356219.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
explosive welding
Zr/carbon steel clad
hardening
melted zone
intermetallic phases
Opis:
This study focuses on the effect of the stand-off distance between the bonded plates on the properties of zirconium (Zr700) - steel (P355NL2) bimetal produced by explosion welding. Bonding trials were carried out in parallel arrangement at constant detonation velocity. The analyses of microstructural transformations occurring in the bond zone and mechanical properties of the clad were performed for as-bonded welds, i.e. immediately following explosion welding. A general description of the obtained welds was made (height and length of the wave was determined) and the quantitative fraction of the melt zones was calculated along the bond's length. Using optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) enabled the assessment of the quality of the formed bonds, initial identification of phases and quantitative analysis of the individual phases on the longitudinal section. The microhardness results were used in the analysis of hardening changes at the interface area. The completed research proves the potential to obtain a proper bond for zirconium/carbon steel sheets. A strong effect of the stand-off distance on the strength properties of the fabricated plates was observed, and the 'direction' of these transformations was pointed out. Optical microscopy and SEM examinations allowed determining the characteristic of the bond interface for diverse stand-off distances. It was established that increasing the stand-off distance between the plates causes the reduction of the melt area along the length of the bond, which improves strength properties of the bimetal. The analysis of the strength distribution performed based on the microhardness measurements showed that the changes occur within the distances up to 500μm from the bond interface and the highest hardening, for both zirconium and steel, is directly at the interface and then successively decreases.
W pracy analizowano wpływ odległości pomiędzy płytami na własności układu warstwowego cyrkon (Zr700) - stal (P355NL2) wytworzonego technologia zgrzewania wybuchowego. Próby łączenia wykonano w układzie równoległym, przy stałej prędkości detonacji. Analizy zmian mikrostrukturalnych, jakie dokonują się w strefie połączenia oraz zmian we własnościach mechanicznych plateru prowadzono dla złączy w stanie wyjściowym, tj. bezpośrednio po zgrzewaniu. Dokonano ogólnej charakterystyki otrzymanych połączeń (określono wysokość i długość fali) oraz obliczono ilościowy udział warstwy przetopień na długości połączenia. Zastosowanie mikroskopii optycznej oraz skaningowej mikroskopii elektronowej pozwoliło na ocenę jakości powstających złączy, wstępna identyfikacje faz oraz analizę ilościowa poszczególnych faz na przekroju wzdłużnym złącza. Badania mikrotwardości wykorzystano w analizie zmian umocnienia w strefie połączenia. Przeprowadzone badania dokumentują możliwość uzyskania poprawnego połączenia dla układu blach cyrkon/(stal węglowa). Wykazano silny wpływ odległości pomiędzy płytami na własności wytrzymałościowe wytworzonych płyt próbnych, a także udokumentowano 'kierunek', w jakim te zmiany podążają. Badania z wykorzystaniem mikroskopii optycznej oraz elektronowej mikroskopii skaningowej pozwoliły na scharakteryzowanie granicy połączenia dla zróżnicowanych odległości pomiędzy blachami. Stwierdzono, ze zwiększenie odległości pomiędzy łączonymi płytami powoduje zmniejszenie powierzchni przetopień na długości złącza, co polepsza własności wytrzymałościowe bimetalu. Analiza rozkładów umocnienia przeprowadzona w oparciu o pomiary mikrotwardości wykazała, ze zmiany występują w odległości do 500μm od granicy złącza; największe umocnienie, zarówno dla cyrkonu jak i stali, występuje bezpośrednio przy granicy po czym sukcesywnie spada.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2012, 57, 4; 1201-1210
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Critical Conditions and Kinetics Required for Dynamic Recrystallization in a High-Carbon Tool Steel
Autorzy:
Zhang, Yong-Ji
Wu, Guang-Lian
Wu, Shang-Wen
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2049419.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
high-carbon steel
critical conditions
dynamic recrystallization
work-hardening
kinetics model
Opis:
A hot compression test was conducted on a Gleeble-3500 thermo-simulation machine to study the critical conditions and kinetics of dynamic recrystallization in a high-carbon tool steel. The critical conditions for the initiation of dynamic recrystallization were determined using the working-hardening theory. The quantitative relationship between the critical characteristics of dynamic recrystallization and the hot deformation parameters were elucidated based on two different methods: the apparent method and physically based method. It was found that the two methods both have high applicability for the investigated steel, but the physically-based method needs less parameters and makes it possible to study the effect of different factors. A dynamic recrystallization kinetics model was used to calculate the recrystallization volume fraction under different conditions. The calculation results matched well with the data obtained from the flow curves.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2021, 66, 1; 119-125
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Nawęglanie laserowe stali niskowęglowych
Laser carbonizing of low-carbon steel
Autorzy:
Buczma, D.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/335602.pdf
Data publikacji:
2005
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Przemysłowy Instytut Maszyn Rolniczych
Tematy:
stal niskowęglowa
nawęglanie laserowe
mikrotwardość
low-carbon steel
laser carbonizing
hardness
Opis:
Przedmiotem prezentowanych badań były próbki ze stali 14MnCr5 na sworznie silników tłokowych, nawęglone laserowo. Stosowane w tłokach sworznie są nawęglane dyfuzyjnie, a więc w głąb ich warstwy wierzchniej silnie maleje zawartość węgla i tym samym mikrotwardość. Wprowadzenie węgla w warstwę powierzchniową próbek ze stali niskowęglowej (14MnCr5) poprzez stopowanie laserowe może doprowadzić do równomiernego stężenia węgla w przetopionej warstwie. W pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań potwierdzające to założenie, a także zaprezentowano zależności efektów stopowania laserowego od warunków jego realizacji.
Laser carbonizing of piston engine pins samples made with 14MnCr5 steel has been the subject matter of presented investigation. Diffusive carbonization method is used in piston pins case usually. Thus carbon amount is decreasing with distance from the surface (hardness is decreasing as well). Steady carbon concentration in melted zone could be achieved by carbon implantation on 14MnCr5 low-carbon steel with laser alloying method. Investigation results confirmed statement presented above. Additionally correlation between laser alloying effects and conditions of this process has been showed.
Źródło:
Journal of Research and Applications in Agricultural Engineering; 2005, 50, 2; 49-53
1642-686X
2719-423X
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Research and Applications in Agricultural Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Effect of Strain Rate on the Microstructure of Warm-Deformed Ultrafined Medium-Carbon Steel
Autorzy:
Yuan, Q.
Xu, G.
Liu, S.
Liu, M.
Hu, H.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/355659.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
warm deformation
medium-carbon steel
ultrafine grain
strain rate
Fe3C
Opis:
In this study, medium-carbon steel was subjected to warm deformation experiments on a Gleeble 3500 thermosimulator machine at temperatures of 550°C and 650°C and strain rates of 0.001 s-1 to 1 s-1. The warm deformation behavior of martensite and the effects of strain rate on the microstructure of ultrafine grained medium-carbon steel were investigated. The precipitation behavior of Fe3C during deformation was analyzed and the results showed that recrystallization occurred at a low strain rate. The average ultrafine ferrite grains of 500 ± 58 nm were fabricated at 550°C and a strain rate of 0.001 s-1. In addition, the size of Fe3C particles in the ferrite grains did not show any apparent change, while that of the Fe3C particles at the grain boundaries was mainly affected by the deformation temperature. The size of Fe3C particles increased with the increasing deformation temperature, while the strain rate had no significant effect on Fe3C particles. Moreover, the grain size of recrystallized ferrite decreased with an increase in the strain rate. The effects of the strain rate on the grain size of recrystallized ferrite depended on the deformation temperature and the strain rate had a prominent effect on the grain size at 550°C deformation temperature. Finally, the deformation resistance apparently decreased at 550°C and strain rate of 1 s-1 due to the maximum adiabatic heating in the material.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2018, 63, 4; 1805-1813
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Double Fillet Welding of Carbon Steel T-Joint by Double Channel Shielding Gas Metal Arc Welding Method Using Metal Cored Wire
Autorzy:
Mert, T.
Gultekin, N.
Karaaslan, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/352453.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
double channel torch
low carbon steel
metal cored wires
T-joint
microstructure
Opis:
Low carbon steel material and T-joints are frequently used in ship building and steel constructions. Advantages such as high deposition rates, high quality and smooth weld metals and easy automation make cored wires preferable in these industries. In this study, low carbon steel materials with web and flange thicknesses of 6 mm, 8 mm and 10 mm were welded with conventional GMAW and double channel shielding gas metal arc welding (DMAG) method to form double fillet T-joints using metal cored wire. The difference between these two methods were characterized by measurements of mean welding parameters, Vickers hardness profiles, weld bead and HAZ geometry of the joints and thermal camera temperature measurements. When weld bead and HAZ geometries are focused, it was seen filler metal molten area increased and base metal molten area decreased in DMAG of low carbon steel. When compared with traditional GMAW, finer and acicular structures in weld metal and more homogenous and smaller grains in HAZ are obtained with double channel shielding gas metal arc welding.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2017, 62, 2A; 947-954
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
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