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Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 84
Tytuł:
Analysis of Double Base Propellant Infuence on Detonation Process of Ammonals
Autorzy:
Maranda, A.
Lipińska, K.
Lipiński, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358689.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
Tematy:
ammonium nitrate based explosives
detonation parameters
Opis:
Aluminum powder has been applied to various types of mining and military explosives for over a hundred years. A known solution is its application as an additive to ammonium nitrate that enhances detonation ability and detonation parameters. Besides aluminum powders, organic fuels are used as ammonals components. In the present work reuse of double base propellants as components of ammonals was proposed. The results of detonation velocity and performance measurements of double base propellants and ammonals mixtures are presented.
Źródło:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2010, 7, 2; 145-159
1733-7178
Pojawia się w:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Tetraamminecopper(II) Nitrate and Its Effects on Ammonium Nitrate(V)
Autorzy:
Künzel, M.
Vodochodský, O.
Matyáš, R.
Jalový, Z.
Pachman, J.
Maixner, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/357988.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
Tematy:
ammonium nitrate
complex salt
copper
detonation
initiation
Opis:
Tetraamminecopper(II) nitrate(V) (TACN) is a complex copper salt which is easily formed when ammonium nitrate (AN) comes into contact with copper. It is considered to be an unwanted contaminant of AN because of its sensitivity to mechanical stimuli and significant explosive properties. The formation of TACN by the reaction of copper with molten ammonium nitrate(V) was demonstrated by powder diffraction. Friction and impact sensitivity testing was performed and field experiments were then conducted to reveal the detonation parameters of TACN and its initiation capability towards ammonium nitrate. The dependence of the detonation velocity on charge diameter was revealed and the ideal detonation velocity of 3500 m·s−1 at 0.87 g·cm−3 was measured. AN with the addition of 16 wt.% of TACN was found to detonate when initiated with a small booster charge. Moreover, TACN was able to initiate detonation in fertilizer grade ammonium nitrate(V) under massive steel confinement. TACN should be therefore considered as a possible contributory initiation source in some large scale accidents. In this article, some properties of TACN are revealed which could be useful for the investigation of accidents.
Źródło:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2017, 14, 1; 169-183
1733-7178
Pojawia się w:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Detonability of Ammonium Nitrate and Mixtures on Its Base
Autorzy:
Kuzmin, V.
Kozak, G.
Mikheev, D.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/357972.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
Tematy:
improvised explosive
ammonium nitrate
detonability
failure detonation diameter
Opis:
Quantities of improvised explosive devices on a base of industrial explosives that were applied at criminal incidents or were withdrawn from illegal circulation were reduced on average on 9% during last decade. This tendency is explained in particular by toughening of control under circulation of commercial explosive devices. The most commonly used improvised explosives according to returns of The Forensic Science Center of Ministry of Internal Affairs are mixtures on a base of ammonium nitrate with organic fuels and aluminum powder. Quantitative and qualitative compositions of such improvised mixtures can be various. The most essential question for a criminal case investigator is argument that excepted substance is explosive one. In this connection detonability of the mixtures on base fne (particle size was near 20 microns) and granulated ammonium nitrate with some organic fuels and aluminum powder was experimentally investigated. Failure detonation diameters of systems were measured experimentally.
Źródło:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2010, 7, 4; 335-343
1733-7178
Pojawia się w:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Application of thermal analysis and calorimetry for assessment of safety and quality of nitrogen fertilizers
Autorzy:
Poplawski, D.
Kaniewski, M.
Hoffmann, J.
Hoffmann, K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/30147054.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Akademia Wojsk Lądowych imienia generała Tadeusza Kościuszki
Tematy:
ammonium nitrate
fertilizers
safety
quality
calorimetry
thermal analysis
Opis:
The paper presents the results of studies carried out using differential thermal analysis (DTA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), conjugated with thermogravimetry (TG). Measurements were made for samples with differentiated compositions, mainly consisting of ammonium nitrate with fertilizer purity and compounds that may be present in nitrogen fertilizers as potential additives or contaminants. The possibilities of applied techniques and recommendations concerning proper selection of measurement conditions are described. Furthermore, the method of interpretation of the obtained results is presented, which allows evaluating the thermal stability of the tested mixtures for the safety and quality of nitrogen fertilizers.
Źródło:
Scientific Journal of the Military University of Land Forces; 2018, 50, 3(189); 206-217
2544-7122
2545-0719
Pojawia się w:
Scientific Journal of the Military University of Land Forces
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Erythritol tetranitrate as a sensitizer in ammonium nitrate based explosives
Autorzy:
Künzel, M.
Němec, O.
Matyáš, R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358427.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
Tematy:
erythritol tetranitrate
improvised explosive
ammonium nitrate
slurry
emulsion
Opis:
This paper focuses on ammonium nitrate based explosives sensitized with erythritol tetranitrate. Erythritol tetranitrate (ETN) is an ester of nitric acid and erythritol. It is a low melting crystalline solid with explosive properties similar to those of pentaerythritol tetranitrate. Experiments were conducted in order to determine any sensitizing effect this compound might have on three basic types of ammonium nitrate based mixtures – powdered, slurry and emulsion explosives. According to the results obtained, erythritol tetranitrate acts as a sensitizer giving detonator sensitivity to ammonium nitrate based explosives when incorporated therein in quantities from 10 to 20 percent.
Źródło:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2013, 10, 3; 351-358
1733-7178
Pojawia się w:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ammonium nitrate phase state stabilization with small amounts of some organic compounds
Autorzy:
Golovina, N.
Nechiporenko, G.
Nemtsev, G.
Zyuzin, I.
Manelis, G. B.
Lempert, D.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358906.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
Tematy:
ammonium nitrate
phase transitions
phase stabilization
intermolecular interactions
Opis:
The investigation considers phase stabilization of ammonium nitrate for considerable extension of its application area including new generation of gas-generating compositions for airbag inflators. It was shown that alloys of ammonium nitrate with small amounts (2-10%) of some organic compounds can have no phase transitions or at least have only one instead of three ones in initial ammonium nitrate. The mostly effective as stabilizers are the compounds that have rather close crystallographic parameters. A strong donor-acceptor interaction between nitrate-anion and organic molecules are found. Using quantum-chemical calculations, X-ray analysis, X-ray phase analysis, UV- and IR-spectroscopy it was found a new ammonium nitrate phase state in its alloy with some organic additives. This state is stable in temperature range between -50 and +100 C.
Źródło:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2009, 6, 1; 45-56
1733-7178
Pojawia się w:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Cast Porous Charges on a Base of Ammonium Nitrate-Urea Eutectic
Autorzy:
Litovka, O. B.
Kozak, G. D.
Chugreeva, E. Y.
Starshinov, A. V.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358034.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
Tematy:
eutectic
ammonium nitrate
urea
fusion diagram
detonability
detonation velocity
Opis:
There are great number tasks of explosive technique, requiring the charges with low pressure and detonation velocity. Powerful tool of regulation of these parameters is lowering of charge density. The main goal of this work is elaboration of technology of manufacture and investigation of explosive properties of charges on a base of eutectic ammonium nitrate-urea mixtures (AN/UR) that have melting point T[m] < 100 C. The physicochemical properties of these mixtures were investigated by means of DSC method and fusion diagram of them was plotted. The composition AN/UR 80/20, that has Tm= 80-90 C was chosen for subsequent investigation. The molten composition was mixed with fine aluminum powder, portion of it was placed into paper tube. The level of a liquid was less than length of the tube. Crystallization of melted mixtures was carried out in vacuum chamber, the level of liquid increased at pumping because of expansion of air bubbles introduced with aluminum particles and reached the upper cork of tube. In such a way porous charges were formed. The dependence of charge density vs. population of tubes by melted mixtures was plotted. Calculated heat explosion of mixtures at content of aluminum Al = 10-15% is Qv = 4.5-5.3 MJ/kg, calculated detonation velocity at density ρ = 0.5-1 g/cm3 changes from D = 3.2 to 5.2 km/s. Detonability of charges was investigated experimentally. Failure diameter (df) of detonation was measured, it was df = 22 mm (ρ = 0.6-0.7 g/cm3) for charges without confinement at initiation by means of booster or blasting cap.
Źródło:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2008, 5, 2; 57-66
1733-7178
Pojawia się w:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Detonation Properties of Mixtures of Ammonium Nitrate Based Fertilizers and Fuels
Autorzy:
Buczkowski, D.
Zygmunt, B.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358466.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
Tematy:
ammonium nitrate based fertilizers
detonation properties
illicit use explosives
Opis:
Detonation properties of mixtures of milled ammonium nitrate based fertilizers and fuels - aluminium or mineral oil - have been determined. The fertilizers used were ammonium nitrate and its compositions with mineral meal; for some compositions additional amount of mineral meal was mixed with the fertilizer. Detonation velocity, Guerney's energy and limits of detonability of such mixtures have been measured. It was examined that mixtures of mineral oil and fertilizers containing over 20% of mineral meal detonated during the tests. Mixtures of aluminium and fertilizers detonated even if concentration of mineral meal in the fertilizers was 40%.
Źródło:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2011, 8, 2; 99-106
1733-7178
Pojawia się w:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Explosive Properties of Mixtures of Ammonium Nitrate(V) and Materials of Plant Origin – Danger of Unintended Explosion
Autorzy:
Buczkowski, D.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358069.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
Tematy:
ammonium nitrate(V)
materials plant origin
decomposition
detonation properties
Opis:
The addition of many organic substances decreases the thermal stability and increases the explosive properties of ammonium nitrate(V). In order to determine how very material of plant origin would increase the risk of decomposition and explosion of ammonium nitrate(V), tests using the DTA method and the detonation properties were performed. The materials tested were milled ammonium nitrate(V) mixed with wheat flour, hard coal, rape seeds or wood dust. It was found that all of the mixtures tested decompose at significantly lower temperatures than ammonium nitrate(V) and ANFO explosive. Some of them decompose close to the melting temperature of ammonium nitrate(V) and their decomposition is violent. All of the mixtures tested are cap sensitive and some of them have smaller critical diameters than ANFO. The detonation velocities of the mixtures are lower than the detonation velocity of ANFO, but significantly higher than that of ammonium nitrate(V).
Źródło:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2014, 11, 1; 115-127
1733-7178
Pojawia się w:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Detonation parameters of mixtures containing ammonium nitrate and aluminium
Autorzy:
Zygmunt, B.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358910.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
Tematy:
ammonium nitrate based mixtures
detonation parameters
Dremin’s method
Opis:
Ammonium nitrate (AN) is the most popular ingredient of commercial explosives. Pure AN is not treated as an explosive compound but a slight organic or inorganic addition makes the mixture capable of explosion. In the paper the experimental tests were focused on aluminium (Al) as the most effective sensitizer. Mixture of AN or water solution AN with aluminium (ammonals and hydro-ammonals) were studied. Using electromagnetic method of measuring of the mass velocity behind the detonation wave front (Dremin’s method), detonation parameters as well the shape of detonation waves in explosive mixtures were determined. The essential factor influencing the detonation parameters of the studied explosives is their physical structure.
Źródło:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2009, 6, 1; 57-66
1733-7178
Pojawia się w:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Experimental Study on Ammonium Nitrate(V)-based Solid Propellants for Fracturing Wells
Autorzy:
Hadzik, J.
Koślik, P.
Wilk, Z.
Frodyma, A.
Habera, Ł.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358138.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
Tematy:
fracturing wells
solid propellants
ammonium nitrate(V)
polyurethanes
thermodynamic analyses
Opis:
This paper investigates the possibility of using ammonium nitrate(V)-based solid propellants for fracturing wells in borehole mining. Various modified propellant compositions with ammonium nitrate(V) and polyurethanes were prepared. Using laboratory rocket motors (LRMs) and underwater tests in pressure chambers, the energetic parameters (i.e., maximum pressure of the gaseous products and pressure impulse) for the selected AN-propellants were determined. Furthermore, thermodynamic analyses for these propellants were performed. The influence of the proposed additives on the energetic parameters (i.e., calorific value and specific energy) was shown. The gas volume generated per unit volume of propellant, which is an important parameter in the process of hydraulic fracturing, was estimated.
Źródło:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2017, 14, 3; 660-674
1733-7178
Pojawia się w:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Phase Stability of Ammonium Nitrate with Organic Potassium Salts
Autorzy:
Xu, Z.-X.
Fu, X.-Q.
Wang, Q.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358264.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
Tematy:
ammonium nitrate(V)
phase transition
organic compounds
differential scanning calorimetry
Opis:
A study has been undertaken on the effect of additives on the phase transition of ammonium nitrate(V) (AN). Results obtained using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) showed that organic compounds and potassium salts of organic compounds have an effect on the phase transition behavior of AN. The samples were further analyzed using infrared (IR) and powder X-ray diffraction (XRD). The mechanism of phase stabilization of AN by compounds of this kind was examined. The present study showed that the influence of additives on the phase transition of AN occurs through the polar groups that are involved in intermolecular interactions of orbital and electrostatic types that form new hydrogen bonds. AN exists in only one phase in the temperature range from 30 °C to +100 °C, when a potassium salt of organic compounds was added. However, with organic compounds, the III→II phase transition was changed. IR and XRD of composites are characterized by new intermolecular interactions. Compacted samples of AN containing potassium salts of organic compounds exhibited better stability than AN containing organic compounds to multiple cyclic changes within a temperature range. This we named ‘freezing and thawing analysis’. Additives have two functions on the AN phase transition. First, solid solutions of AN mixture were formed for K+ replacement of NH4+. Second, hydrogen bonds formed, which caused AN and salts of organic compounds to interact intimately.
Źródło:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2016, 13, 3; 736-754
1733-7178
Pojawia się w:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Modification of ANFO Detonation Parameters by Addition of Ground of Ammonium Nitrate(V) and Aluminium Powder
Autorzy:
Sitkiewicz-Wołodko, Ramona
Maranda, Andrzej
Paszula, Józef Michał
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358433.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
Tematy:
ammonium nitrate(V)
aluminium powder
detonation velocity
blast wave parameters
Opis:
The present work determined the effect of the addition of aluminium powder and ground ammonium nitrate(V) on selected detonation parameters of ANFO explosives. The detonation velocity and the characteristics of the air blast wave were determined. It has been shown that replacing part of the prilled ammonium nitrate(V) with its ground form results in an increase in the detonation velocity and the blast wave parameters. On the other hand, it was found that the addition of aluminium powder to a certain level increases the measured parameters, but after reaching maximum values, they then decrease.
Źródło:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2019, 16, 1; 122-134
1733-7178
Pojawia się w:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Thermal Decomposition Characteristics of Ammonium Nitrate(V) in the Presence of Mn2O3/Graphene Oxides
Autorzy:
Xu, Z.
Xu, G.
Fu, X.
Wang, Q.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358837.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
Tematy:
ammonium nitrate(V)
nano-oxides
graphene oxide
thermal decomposition
RSFTIR
Opis:
Nano-composites (Mn2O3, Mn2O3/graphene oxides (GO)) were prepared by a new method. The nano-composites were characterized by XRD and HRTEM. The catalytic performance of the nano-composites on the thermal decomposition of ammonium nitrate(V) (AN) was investigated by TG-DSC and TG-MS. The reaction of AN with the nano-composites in the condensed phase was investigated by RSFTIR. The results of TG-DSC experiments indicated that the nano-composites significantly catalyze the thermal decomposition of AN, especial Mn2O3/GO. The exothermic reaction of AN with Mn2O3/GO commenced at about 185 °C. Based on the TG-MS results, it was ascribed to N2O formation. In the RSFTIR experiments, the dissociation reaction and ionization reaction of AN were both detected. NOx formation at low temperature was also found. NH2 was directly oxidized by HNO3/NO3− at low temperature. The interaction between Mn2O3 and NH3 was detected according to DRIFT experiments. At elevated temperature, the functional groups of GO are destroyed, which had an influence on the interaction between Mn2O3 and GO. A probable mechanism for the exothermic reaction and then its disappearance is proposed. HNO3 gas was absorbed on the surface of solid AN, which can markedly catalyze the thermal decomposition of AN. Perhaps the HNO3 plays a key role in the exothermic reaction and then the reaction of AN disappears at very low temperatures.
Źródło:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2017, 14, 3; 636-659
1733-7178
Pojawia się w:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wpływ antyzbrylaczy na nawozy saletrzane
Effect of anti-caking agents for ammonium nitrate fertilizers
Autorzy:
Tyc, Aleksandra
Kaniewski, Maciej
Nieweś, Dominik
Huculak-Mączka, Marta
Hoffmann, Krystyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/126296.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Towarzystwo Chemii i Inżynierii Ekologicznej
Tematy:
nawozy
azotan amonu
antyzbrylacze
fertilizers
ammonium nitrate
anti-caking agents
Opis:
Azotan amonu stanowi główny składnik produkcji nawozów saletrzanych. Najbardziej niepożądanym zjawiskiem, jakim ulegają nawozy na bazie azotanu amonu, jest zbrylanie. Powoduje ono zmianę właściwości użytkowych nawozów, a to przyczynia się do strat materiałowych oraz dodatkowych, niepotrzebnych kosztów zarówno u producenta, jak i końcowego odbiorcy. Skłonność nawozu do zbrylania wynika z jego składu chemicznego, metody wytwarzania oraz warunków jego przechowywania. Obecnie najczęściej stosowanym i najskuteczniejszym sposobem ograniczającym zjawisko zbrylania jest natryskiwanie gotowego produktu (w postaci granul) substancją zapobiegającą zjawisku zbrylania, popularnie nazywaną antyzbrylaczem. Celem przeprowadzonych badań była ocena wpływu oraz skuteczności działania różnych dostępnych na rynku antyzbrylaczy na właściwości nawozów saletrzanych. W pracy zaproponowano metodę oceny skuteczności działania antyzbrylaczy, umożliwiającą skuteczny dobór substancji antyzbrylającej dla różnego rodzaju nawozów.
Ammonium nitrate is the main component of ammonium nitrate fertilizers. The most undesirable phenomenon that fertilizers based on ammonium nitrate undergo is the caking phenomenon. It changes the usable properties of fertilizers and this contributes to material losses and additional unnecessary costs. The tendency of the caking fertilizer results from its chemical composition, production method and storage conditions. The most frequently used and the most effective method reducing the caking phenomenon is spraying the finished product (in the form of granules) with an anti-caking agent. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact and effectiveness of the various anti-caking agents available on the market for ammonium nitrate fertilizers. The paper proposes a method for assessing the effectiveness of anti-caking agents, which enables effective selection of anti-caking agent for various types of fertilizers. Therefore, this article is useful for scientists dealing with limiting the phenomenon of agglomeration of fertilizers.
Źródło:
Proceedings of ECOpole; 2020, 14, 1; 135-140
1898-617X
2084-4557
Pojawia się w:
Proceedings of ECOpole
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 84

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