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Tytuł:
Alcohol in the lives of students in Poland and Ukraine - research report
Autorzy:
Urszula, Kempińska,
Mykola, Rudenko,
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/890355.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017-09-28
Wydawca:
Akademia Pedagogiki Specjalnej im. Marii Grzegorzewskiej. Wydawnictwo APS
Tematy:
alcohol
alcohol-related conditions
age of alcohol initiation
Opis:
Alcoholism is a disease that attacks regardless of age, religion, nationality, sex, level of education, mental health, family situation, socio-economic status or character. Research on students' attitudes towards alcohol was carried out in Poland and Ukraine, in the countries where there is widespread positive feedback on its effects. In wide social circles put to the survey, alcohol consumption is a tradition taking place during different celebrations or almost every meeting. In addition, the use of alcohol means a quick drink up of large quantities of strong alcoholic drinks. This way of drinking does not function as a symbol of the meeting or its background, but becomes the center and the main reason. Alcohol used by teens generally does not cause surprise or concern. Many communities treat alcohol drunk in childhood, as natural and inevitable. It sometimes happens that young people and even children receive the first can of beer or a glass of champagne from the hands of their own parents. Until recently, public awareness of the phenomenon of using psychoactive substances has related to the margin of society, people from the so-called pathological and criminal environments. A little later there were reports that the alcohol and other drugs are in the range of interests of adolescents, coming from "good homes" and having good future prospects. The aim of the study was to investigate the attitudes of Polish and Ukrainian students towards alcohol. The main problem of the research focused on the question: Is there a difference in the attitudes of young people towards alcohol because of the country of origin? Research shows that among the students there is a problem of alcohol abuse. We must therefore start to implement effectively, not just "on paper", alcohol prevention programs already in primary schools.
Źródło:
International Journal of Pedagogy, Innovation and New Technologies; 2017, 4(1); 71-79
2392-0092
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Pedagogy, Innovation and New Technologies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Sekretny świat rodziny z problemem alkoholowym
The secret world of the family with alcohol problem
Autorzy:
Ciosek, Mieczysław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/902052.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Gdańska Wyższa Szkoła Humanistyczna
Tematy:
alcohol problem
family with alcohol problem
dysfunctionality
Opis:
Basing on extensive biography, the author in his article discusses the characteristics of families with alcohol problem. He emphasises the characteristics of roles played by the members in such family systems. The article describes the characteristics of the family with alcohol problem and its functioning. The author subsequently discusses the co-dependency which deepens the dysfunctionality in such families.
Źródło:
Studia Gdańskie. Wizje i rzeczywistość; 2011, 8; 270-282
1731-8440
Pojawia się w:
Studia Gdańskie. Wizje i rzeczywistość
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Damage reduction and alcohol drinking reduction programs in social welfare homes as an alternative to traditional abstinence interventions
Autorzy:
Łukasz, Kołodziej,
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/893245.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-11-15
Wydawca:
Akademia Pedagogiki Specjalnej im. Marii Grzegorzewskiej. Wydawnictwo APS
Tematy:
damage reduction
reduced alcohol consumption
alcohol addiction
social welfare
Opis:
Introduction. At present, there is only one social welfare home (DPS) in Poland for alcohol addicts, and two units of this type have wards specializing in alcohol addiction, so few have a chance to stay in a DPS. Alcohol addicted residents of DPS often have had many unsuccessful attempts to take addiction therapy, so the likelihood that another stay in a specialized center will bring a permanent change in stopping alcohol consumption is low. The purpose of the article is to popularise knowledge among social welfare homes workers about the programs of reducing alcohol consumption and reducing the caused damage. Method. In order to provide knowledge about these programs, the traditional goal of addiction therapy and prevention, which is to achieve long-term abstinence, has been compared with damage reduction and alcohol consumption programs. Results. Although employees of social welfare homes are already implementing elements of the damage reduction program, for example by skipping the administration of drugs to drunk residents or looking after the health status of alcohol intoxicated residents, there is still a lack of systematic actions aimed at the full implementation of programs to reduce drinking and health and social damage caused by alcohol problems in DPS. Conclusions. An alternative to the limited number of places for addicted residents of social welfare homes in specialized types of centers may be the implementation of programs to reduce alcohol consumption and reduction of alcohol-related damage in various types of social welfare homes throughout the country. Their implementation may also increase the effectiveness of therapeutic interventions against alcohol addicted residents of DPS.
Źródło:
Praca Socjalna; 2019, 34(3); 93-116
0860-3480
Pojawia się w:
Praca Socjalna
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The study of the sobriety of employees as one of the key elements of safety
Autorzy:
Jędrzejas, Natalia
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1177352.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN
Tematy:
alcohol dependence
alcohol problems
breathalyser
harmful drinking
penalties
sobriety
Opis:
Safety at the workplace is one of the key aspects that affects both the employee and the employer. Despite the passage of time, this unusually expanded subject does not lose its significance and its social status influences the creation of a culture of work safety. It is aimed not only at removing threats or creating security procedures, but also changing the beliefs, attitudes and behavior of employees. This last element is extremely important to be able to adapt employees to today's European security standards. The purpose of this article is to show the importance of the sobriety of employees as an aspect of safety in the workplace, which not only affects their health and life, but also reduces quality and productivity at the same time undermining the credibility of the company.
Źródło:
World Scientific News; 2018, 104; 215-226
2392-2192
Pojawia się w:
World Scientific News
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Gminny Program Profilaktyki i Rozwiązywania Problemów Alkoholowych jako podstawowa forma realizacji zadań własnych gminy z zakresu profilaktyki i rozwiązywania problemów alkoholowych
The Municipality Programme For Preventing And Resolving Alcohol-Related Problems As The Basic Form Of Implementing The Municipality’s Own Tasks In The Field Of Preventing And Resolving Alcohol Problems
Autorzy:
Biniasz-Celka, Danuta
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/911115.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-03-15
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
alcohol
prevention
health
Opis:
The system of preventing and resolving alcohol-related problems used in Poland gives municipalities (gminas), as territorial units, the fundamental role in it. The municipality council is obliged to establish a number of programmes on the basis of the act on municipality self-government, as well as the regulations of other acts, including the Act of 26th October 1982 on Upbringing in Sobriety and Counteracting Alcoholism (A.U.S.C.A.) of the Municipality Programme for Preventing and Resolving Alcohol-related Problems (LCPP&RAP). The programme takes into account the areas of action listed in Article 41 section 1 of the A.U.S.C.A. and the indications included in the recommendations developed by the National Agency for Resolving Alcohol-related Problems. It should be emphasized that the implementation of tasks in the field of preventing and resolving alcohol-related problems under the programme is part of the strategy for resolving social problems, and takes into account the operational objectives set out in the National Health Programme. The regulations of the A.U.S.C.A. also provide the municipality witha significant role in implementing actions to tackle alcohol addiction. The actions are taken on three levels by: (1) appointing a local community committee for resolving problems (Article 41 section 3), (2) determining within resolutions the maximum number of permits for the sale of alcoholic beverages and the rules of locating places of sale and serving alcoholic beverages (Article 12 sections 1–3), (3) issuing permits for the sale of alcohol (Article 18 section 1) and monitoring the legitimacy of using these permits (Article 18 section 8). In addition, the LCPP&RAP provides solutions regarding forms, methods and projects undertaken by the municipality. It is important to note that the municipality self-government, as a result of decentralization of the state, has received extensive competence to conduct its own policy on alcohol-related problems, which is why its role is crucial.
Źródło:
Studia Prawa Publicznego; 2020, 1, 29; 71-93
2300-3936
Pojawia się w:
Studia Prawa Publicznego
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Methyl Alcohol Poisoning
Autorzy:
Djulard, Ajde
Sahata, Maria Endo
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1118805.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN
Tematy:
Methyl alcohol
poisoning
Opis:
Methyl alcohol is a cheap and potent adulterant of illicit liquors. Many outbreaks of methyl alcohol poisoning have occurred in our country. Such outbreaks have been responsible for a heavy toll of mortality and morbidity. This paper describes our clinical experience in managing patients with methyl alcohol poisoning, and emphasizes that early identification and prompt treatment is of prime importance. Methanol, also known as wood alcohol, is a commonly used organic solvent that, because of its toxicity, can cause metabolic acidosis, neurologic sequelae, and even death, when ingested. It is a constituent of many commercially available industrial solvents and of poorly adulterated alcoholic beverages. Methanol toxicity remains a common problem in many parts of the developing world, especially among members of lower socioeconomic classes (See Etiology and Pathophysiology and Presentation).
Źródło:
World News of Natural Sciences; 2017, 8; 43-49
2543-5426
Pojawia się w:
World News of Natural Sciences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Addictive effects of alcohol
Autorzy:
Witek, Bożena
Rochon-Szmejchel, Danuta
Liedke, Peter
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/472472.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Pedagogiczny im. Komisji Edukacji Narodowej w Krakowie
Tematy:
alcohol
alcoholism
dependence
Źródło:
Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis. Studia ad Didacticam Biologiae Pertinentia; 2016, VI; 85-97
2083-7267
2450-3487
Pojawia się w:
Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis. Studia ad Didacticam Biologiae Pertinentia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The effect of alcohol on neuroglia in the developing brain and in adults
Autorzy:
Krawczyk-Marć, Izabela
Galiniak, Sabina
Sęk-Mastej, Anna
Marć, Mateusz
Orkisz, Stanisław
Wawrzyniak, Agata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/454917.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Rzeszowski. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego
Tematy:
brain
alcohol
neuroglia
Opis:
Introduction. During puberty, the young body undergoes transformation not only within the reproductive and hormonal systems, but also significant changes in the central nervous system (CNS). Matured neural connections improve the integration of distant brain regions, the plasticity of neurons increases, and thus specialization of the brain occurs in the performance of specific tasks. During these transformations, both neurons and the accompanying neuroglia are sensitive to all toxic factors, among which ethanol occupies a special place. It causes an increase in the activity of glial cells, which by directing pro-inflammatory cytokines directly contribute to the death of apoptotic neurons. A long-lasting and irreversible impairment of brain function, especially in the hippocampus occurs as a result of alcohol abuse during the period of development. Aim. This paper presents an overview of current knowledge about the effects of alcohol on neuroglia in the developing brain and in adults. Materials and methods. The literature review of the following databases has been conducted: EBSCO, PubMed, Science Direct, Springer Link. Conclusions. The results of alcohol research have shown that it affects the neurotransmission and fluidity of cell membranes, changing the activity of neurons. By binding to GABA receptor (GABA) and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDA receptor for glutamate), ethanol suppresses brain function. In addition to increased sensitivity and susceptibility to the addictive effects of ethanol, the neurogeneration activity is intensified followed by the induction and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which in the first stage disrupt the cortical function hindering logical thinking and disrupting the limbic system, directly affecting the memory and learning processes. Next, the cerebellum is attacked, which results in the impairment of balance and motor coordination, and consequently acts on the brain stem, directly affecting the respiratory and circulatory control centers.
Źródło:
European Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine; 2018, 4; 335-340
2544-2406
2544-1361
Pojawia się w:
European Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Możliwość sprzedaży alkoholu przez Internet
The possibility to sell alcohol via Internet
Autorzy:
Kościelny, Paweł
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2196840.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Kancelaria Sejmu. Biuro Analiz Sejmowych
Tematy:
alcohol
trade
Internet
Opis:
The Act on Upbringing in Sobriety and Counteracting Alcoholism does not include provisions concerning strictly the retail sale of alcohol via Internet. The author considers that, based on provisions concerning stationary shops (required permits, the closed list of types of shops allowed to sell alcohol), the interpretation prohibiting the sale of alcohol online should be considered appropriate. A similar view can be found in the rulings of the Supreme Administrative Court.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS; 2021, 3(71); 251-263
1896-9852
2082-064X
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Rozmiary i dystrybucja spożycia alkoholu w Polsce. Oceny oparte na badaniu na próbie udziałowej i losowej
Alcohol Use in Poland. Estimates derived from interviewing a quota sample and a random sample of the population
Autorzy:
Jasiński, Jerzy
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/698522.pdf
Data publikacji:
1992
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Tematy:
spożycie alkoholu
badania ankietowe
napoje alkoholowe
alcohol consumption
surveys
alcohol
Opis:
The Problem Statement             The main goals of the alcohol consumption surveys, repeatedly carried out Poland, are to describe the changes in the drinking subcultures of different segments of the population, to monitor the emergence of new drinking practices and the discontinuance of old ones, and to record the evolution of attitudes toward alcohol. In order to facilitate the analysis of these and related phenomena, similar instruments were used and applied in a consistent manner in several of the consecutive surveys. Any substantial change in the formulation of the questions asked or in the manner they are presented to the respondents (e.g. a mailed questionnaire versus a personal interview), raises a number of problems regarding the interpretation of the results obtained. Should the changes observed be treated as reflecting the transformations of the processes studied, or should they be attributed to alterations in the way the respondents were approached? On the other hand, repeated use of the same questionnaire applied in exactly the same manner does not seem to be an attractive proposition, since new problems and interests emerge and new survey research methods are being developed. In the Polish alcohol consumption surveys an attempt has been made to find a balance between securing continuity and introducing change. However, sometimes changes have to be made irrespectively of the researcher’s wishes. They may stem from resources constraints forcing the researcher to adopt a cheaper or less time consuming method of conducting a survey, or from some other reasons. In the case of the Polish alcohol consumption surveys such an external change occurred recently in relation to the sample design. Nine surveys have been conducted in Poland since 1961. Five of these surveys have utilized quota samples, while in four, random samples were employed. However, the studies based on random samples, for the most part, are not representative of the majority of Polish research on drinking practices. Instead, three of the four surveys based on random samples are unique in that they were  devoted to an examination of the following issues: meaning attached by the general public to the notion of abstinence; estimation of the content and influence exercised by the antialcohol propaganda; and the effectiveness of the appeals by the Roman Catholic church to abstain from drinking alcoholic beverages during the month of August in the last 3 years. The studies based on quota samples are much more representative of Polish surveys on drinking practices. In these studies, the primary focus has been on the description and nature of drinking occasions. For example, this was the focus in the pioneering surveys by A. Swiecicki carried out in 1961 and 1962, in J. K. Falewicz’s survey of 1968, and in the Polish Alcohol Consumption Surveys of 1980 and 1985. In all of these surveys the same way of measuring alcohol consumption was adopted and their results were analyzed according to the same methodology. The data collection was done by the Center for Public Opinion Survey and Program Studies of the State Committee for Radio and TV in Warsaw for all the surveys. However, in recent years, this Center has been increasingly using random samples of the population in its research, first restricting and more recently abandoning completely the use of quota samples. From now on, the new Polish alcohol consumption surveys will be conducted on random samples only. While the shift to the use of random samples of the population represents a methodological step forward, it raises some important questions. Perhaps most important is whether results from these new surveys will be comparable with results from former surveys? The study reported in this paper is aimed at providing an answer to this question. In the case of a random sample, at least initially, every object in the population has to have an equal probability of being drawn, and at least the first step in the sampling procedure has to be taken randomly. In a quota sample, on the other hand, the usual procedure is that the interviewer has to interview a specified number of subjects with predetermined characteristics (e.g. men; 20‒29 years old; having primary educaiion only; etc.) How the interviewer finds these persons is left to his ingenuity, and even if he does not select them by applying any krown criteria, he is not drawing his part of the sample randomly. If all the interviewers follow exactly the instructions in selecting interviewees, the distribution of the characteristics of the quota sample should be the same as in the general population. It is hoped, but only hoped, that it will secure the representativeness of the sample. To what extent is this hope fulfilled cannot be determined.                                                    The Sample   In September 1985 the data for the second Polish Alcohol Consumption Survey were collected on a quota sample (QS). Four weeks later, in October 1985, some items from the questionnaire used in that survey were added to a routinely  conducted public opinion poll carried out on a random sample (RS). The sizes of the samples were 1808 and 882, respectively. In both cases the field work was done by the Center for Public Opinion Survey. The samples were comparable to one another in terms of the respondents’ occupation, sex, level of education, and proportion of people living in urban and rural areas. However, both samples differed from the general population with respect to age. In the QS, persons aged 60 and older were underrepresented (by about 12%), while those aged 40‒59 were overrepresented (again by about 12%). Within the RS, those aged l6‒19 were underrepresented (by about 6%). The former discrepancy must have originated from the interviewers’ not foliowing closely enough the instructions given to them as to the age of persons they had to interview. The latter discrepancy stemmed from the sampling procedure; the RS was derived from the 1984 election lists, which covered the population of 18 years old and over. One year later, in 1985, these lists included only persons aged 19 and older. The differences in the age structure in the QS, RS, and in the general population are of some significance for estimations of tne coverage rate and for comparability of the samples, and thus will be further discussed later on in the paper.   Frequenct and Quantity   In the Polish Alcohol Consumption Surveys, as in previous Polish research, the level of consumption has been estimated by means of the last occasion approach. In order to make such estimates a number of assumptions have to be accepted. They are related to the typicality of the occasion described by the respondent in terms of kind of occasion, amount of alcohol consumed, etc. Additionally, some assumptions regarding the frequency of drinking also have to be accepted. These requirements may seem unrealistically far going. However, two points have to be considered. Firstly, the more typical an occasion of drinking is ‒ the more likely, it is to be reported to the interviewer. Secondly, in epidemiological research the interest is on categories or types of respondents and not on a single individual; in groups of respondents, unconventional occasions tend, at least in part, to annul their impact on the means and other measures describing the drinking modalities. The variables used in the Polish Alcohol Consumption Surveys to establish the drinking patterns were: kind of beverage, quantity consumed, and frequency of drinking. There were no differences between the QS and the RS in respect to the frequency of drinking wine purchased in stores as well as home made fruit wine. However, there were some differences in the case of spirit and beer. In the RS, two categories of spirit drinkers could be recognized more distinctly than in the QS; infrequent (i.e. drinking spirits less often than once a month), and very frequent (i.e. several times a week). The former category consisted of 45,5 per cent (QS) and 48,1 per cent (RS), respectively, and the latter of 21,3 per cent (QS) and 30,0 per cent (RS). In the case of beer consumers, there were significantly more infrequent drinkers in the RS than in the QS (48,6 and 34,9 per cent, respectively), and fewer very frequent drinkers (38,5 and 32,5 per cent, respictively). Significantly higher quantities consumed on one occasion were reported in the QS than in the RS, irrespectively of beverage. This would suggest that the interviewers collecting data for the QS tended, possibly without even realizing it, to select prospective respondents from among persons consuming more alcohol than average.   The Beverages   One of the consequences of the above differences in regard to the frequency of drinking and quantities of alcohol consumed is the overestimation of the concentration of consumption in research based on QSs. The concentration of consumption is traditionally used to refer to the size of proportion of consumers who drink about half of all alcohol consumed. According to an estimate derived from the RS in 1985 in Poland, half of spirits were consumed by about 10 per cent of drinkers (rather than by 7 per cent as indicated by the QS), and of wine purchased ‒ by 8 per cent of drinkers (rather than by 7 per cent); in the case of drinkers of home made wine (5 per cent), and of beer (10 per cent) the estimates of concentration of consumption proved to be the same in the QS and in the RS. The shrinking of the coverage rate was another consequence of the overestimation of the quantities of alcohol consumed of the frequency of drinking of some alcoholic beverages. The comparison of the amount of alcoholic beverages sold during 1985 in the country with the amount accounted for by the surveys, reveals the following picture:                                                          QS                                      RS spirits                                           50,6 per cent                     47,8 per cent wine purchased                          49,3 per cent                     25,8 per cent beer                                              81,5 per cent                     45,2 per cent   Total                                              55,9 per cent                     48,1 per cent   The substantial differences in the coverage rate are noticed only in relations to wine and beer, e.g. to the beverages of lesser importance considering the Polish drinking patterns. The absence of substantial differences between the RS and the QS in relation to spirits stemmed from the fact that the overestimation of the amount drunk on one occasion was partly compensated for by the underestimation of the size of the category of the very frequent drinkers. As far as the better and wine drinkers were concerned no such compensation was present. The data on the sale of alcoholic beverages indicate that in that in 1985 about 68 per cent of all alcohol purchased in Poland was spirits. Of the total amount of alcohol consumed, the QS indicated that spirits accounted for 62 per cent, while the RS indicated that spirits accounted for 74 per cent. The first estimate was too low, the other too high, each by 6 per cent. As could be expected from the low coverage rate of wine, in the research based on the RS, the place of wine in the structure of beverages consumed was underestimated (9 per cent instead of 15 per cent of all alcohol consumed). The place occupied by beer was estimated correctly by the RS (18 per cent). The modest contribution of beer and wine to the total amount of alcohol consumed should be attributed mainly to the drinking habits prevailing in Poland, but also partly to the unmet demand for beer and for wine, in particular for imported grape wine. The analysis of the data from the QS showed that drinking one kind of alcoholic beverage raised the likelihood of drinking another kind of alcoholic beverage. This was true with regard to every beverage type and all these relationships were statistically significant. The data from the RS corroborated fully the above results. In the case of persons who consumed two kinds of alcoholic beverages, a further question could be asked, viz. do persons who drink greater quantity of one beverage also tend to drink more of the other one. This was the case in respect to all of beverages both in the QS in the RS.   Consumption Level   In order to estimate the respondents’ level of alcohol consumption all beverages consumed had to be recounted according to their content of alcohol, and added up. The distribution of the respondents according to the level of their consumption revealed some important differences between the estimates derived from the QS and RS. First of all, according to the RS, there were significantly more teetolers in the general population (23 per cent) than according to the QS (16, 1 per cent). This is partly due to the underrepresentation persons aged 60 and older in the QS. Relatively more persons in this age group are non-drinkers than in the lower age brackets. The other reason for this discrepancy in the estimate of the size of the fraction of non-drinkers is the already mentioned tendency of the interviewers to select as prospective respondents drinkers rather than abstainers while collecting data for the QS. The other difference between the RS and QS relates to the proportion of persons drinking substantial amounts of alcohol. On the whole, the RS indicates that it is smaller than the QS does. The extrapolation of the results obtained in the RS on the adult population in the country leads to the following conclusion. In 1985 there were about 2,1 million persons who annually consumed more than 16 liters of pure alcohol in Poland. They were consuming at least one half a litter bottle of vodka in every ten days. Among them nearly 1,5 million consumed at least 24 liters of pure alcohol annually, i.e. at least one bottle of vodka per six days. This group of drinkers represented only 5 per cent of the adult population, but consumed nearly 40 per cent of all alcohol in the country. It was stated before that only about half of the total amount of alcohol consumed was accounted for by the survey based on the RS. The most important reason for the underreporting seems to be, apart from forgetting and concealing, the underrepresentation of heavy drinkers in the sample. Because of this, it is likely that the group of drinkers who consume at least 24 liters of pure alcohol annually is considerably more numerous, and that they probably drink even a greater proportion of all alcohol consumed in the country.   Drinkers, Abstainers, Teetolaters   Who is a teetotaler seems self-evident and not requiring special consideration only as long, however, as the responds from the general population are not asked what their understanding of the term is. In one of the recent Polish general pop lation surveys this question was addressed and some surprising results were obtained. Although 69 per cent of the respondents considered a teetotaler somebody who has not been drinking any beverages containing alcohol, there were also persons having other opinions in this matter. As many as l5 per cent described a teetotaler as a person who drinks small quantities of alcohol, infrequently, a few times a year only, and further 2 per cent described a teetotaler as a person who does not drink vodka. In order to avoid this issue, in the questionnaire applied both the QS and to the RS, a question was asked whether the respondent had been drinking any alcoholic beverages during the last 12 months preceding the interview. Those who responded in the negative are considered to be teetotalers. Those who have not been drinking a particular beverage are called abstainers, i.e. abstaining refers only to not drinking a particular beverage. This means, that according to this definition abstainers include persons who drink as well as those who do not. Consequently, all teetotalers are abstainers, but among the latter there also drinkers (of some beverages). According to the terminology adopted here only drinkers who consume all kinds of alcoholic beverages listed in the questionnaire can not be called abstainers. The beverage consumed by most Poles is vodka. According to the RS only 28 per cent of the respondents abstained from drinking vodka (12 per cent of men and 42 per cent of women). In this respect the differences between the QS and the RS were not significant. In the case of all other beverages the RS produced significantly higher estimates of the fraction of abstainers than the QS. According to the RS, 65 per cent of respondents do not drink beer (46 per cent of men and 82 per cent of women), 68 per cent do not drink wine purchased (46 per cent of men and 71 per cent of women), and 78 per cent do not drink home made wine (75 per cent of men and 81 per cent of women). The QS and the RS are in concordance on a number of points. Firstly, on the degree of popularity of the various alcoholic beverages. Judging from the size of the fraction of abstainers, spirits is the most widely consumed beverage, followed by beer, wine purchased, and home made wine. Secondly, there are consistently more drinkers among men than among women; only in the case of home made wine is the difference in the size of the fraction of drinkers among men and women not significant. Thirdly, more than half of women drink spirits, i. e. many more than any other alcoholic beverage. It contradicts the belief, widely held in Poland, that vodka is a man’s and wine a woman’s beverage. Fourthly, abstaining from any beverage is equally spread in rural as in urban areas. It illustrates the process of unification of behaviour patterns in Poland, or as it is sometimes formulated – of the urbanization of rural culture, and ruralization of the urban life styles. The size of the fraction of abstainers is, irrespective of the beverage, closely related to the age of the respondents. The older the respondent – starting from the 20–29 age group – the larger the fraction of abstainers. Drinking is also related to the level of education attained. In the case of spirits, wine purchased, and home made wine, the higher the respondents educational attainment the greater the fraction of drinkers. It corresponds to the observation made in a number of countries, according to which the higher the social status – the smaller the fraction of abstainers, the grater the frequency of drinking, and the smaller the amount consumed on one occasion. The above relationship do not apply to beer, which in Poland seems to be a beverage consumed primarily by blue–collar workers. The QS and the RS show the same pattern of results between drinking and living in rural versus urban communities as found for age and level of education of the respondent. Finally, the teetotalers differ markedly from the drinkers. Here again the results of the QS and RS are in harmony. There are significantly more teetotalers among women than among men, and in the age group 40 years old and over (in particular – among those 60 years old and over). There are also more teetotalers among less educated than more educated, and among unqualified blue–collar workers and peasants than among qualified blue–collar workers and white–collar employees.   Concluding Remarks   There has been a prospective change in the sampling method used in Polish alcohol consumption surveys. This called into question the feasibility of long term trend analysis of the drinking habits prevailing in Poland. In order to dispel the arising doubts, the present inquiry has been carried out comparing the results of the new sampling method (primarily relying on the use of random samples) with the prior method which utilized quota samples. In this project, the same questions relating to drinking practices were put to two groups of respondents. One consisted of a quota sample (QS; n =1808), and the other of a random sample (RS; n = 882) of the adult population. The comparison of results from the two samples leads to the following two observations. Firstly, the numerical values of various parameters characterizing drinking practices, such as the overall consumption level and that of particular beverages, or that of quantities imbibed on one occasion, etc., differ in the QS and the RS. In a number of instances these differences are statistically significant. The results based on the RS suggest a somewhat lower level of alcohol consumption than the ones based on the QS, and shift the coverage rate slightly below 50 per cent. Secondly, the QS and the RS generated very similar pictures of drinking patterns prevailing in Poland, in terms of the kinds of beverages consumed, interrelationship between the various beverages consumed, concentration of consumption, and social traits of people drinking more and drinking less alcohol. The general conclusion emerging from the research project described here can be formulated as follows. The QS provided a fairly true picture of the drinking practices in Poland, however, in order to establish the long term trends in these practices, it is necessary to take into account the corrections stemming from the estimates derived from the RS.
Źródło:
Archiwum Kryminologii; 1992, XVIII; 213-228
0066-6890
2719-4280
Pojawia się w:
Archiwum Kryminologii
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Skala Bilansu Decyzyjnego – polska adaptacja i zastosowanie w badaniach osób uzależnionych od alkoholu
Decisional Balance Scale – Polish adaptation and application in research of alcohol addicted
Autorzy:
Chodkiewicz, Jan
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1178429.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Kazimierza Wielkiego w Bydgoszczy
Tematy:
Alcohol and Drugs Decisional Balance Scale
Polish adaptation
alcohol addiction
Opis:
The aim of the presented study was to conduct a Polish adaptation of the Decisional Balance Scale by W. Velicer et al. The attempt was also made to answer a question about the differences in the area of decisional balance in addicts who complete or break therapy, continue abstinence after treatment and those who return to drinking. Research was conducted on 397 alcohol addicted persons who begin a therapy. Patients who completed treatment were retested in the last week of stay at the Centre. A group of people maintaining abstinence one year after the start of therapy and those who returned to drinking were distinguished. The Decisional Balance Scale by Velicer et al. and the Motivation Questionnaire to Maintain Abstinence from Alcohol by Ziółkowski were used. Results. The Polish version of the Scale was found to be reliable and valid method. Principal component analysis identified 2 factors (like in original version). Differences within a single dimension of decisional balance between people who completed and those who broke therapy were noted. In the course of therapy an increase in decisional balance scale, advantage of arguments against drinking was proved.
Źródło:
Polskie Forum Psychologiczne; 2013, XVIII, 3; 319-332
1642-1043
Pojawia się w:
Polskie Forum Psychologiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Genese, Verlauf und Symptome der Alkoholkrankheit am Beispiel des Romans Der Trinker von Hans Fallada
Autorzy:
Łyjak, Konrad
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2089984.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-09-25
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie
Tematy:
alcohol addiction
alcohol disease stages
Hans Fallada
symptoms of alcoholism
Opis:
The aim of this article is to analyze the alcohol addiction of Erwin Sommer, the main character in the novel The Drinker by Hans Fallada. This article focuses solely on his alcohol-related problems, and not on that of his temporary stay in prison or in sanatorium. The analysis of Sommer’s alcohol addiction is based not only on literary studies and the biography of the writer but most of all on current medical studies concerning alcoholism. I also compare Erwin Sommer with another classic figure with respect to literature about alcoholism – Jack London and his famous autobiographical novel John Barleycorn. Although the symptoms of alcoholism by Erwin Sommer are actually typical, the aetiology of his alcohol addiction is not so obvious. For this reason, I attempt to discover the real genesis of his disease. The basis of my considerations are, among others, the classification of alcohol disease stages, developed by E. M. Jellinek, the precursor of alcoholism studies, the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems ICD-10 created by the World Health Organisation (WHO) and the S3-Guideline, published by the Association of the Scientific Medical Societies, German Society of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, Psychosomatics and Neurology, and German Society of Addiction Studies and Addiction Therapy. In current scientific articles and studies about alcohol-related problems, one can find plenty of details which are very helpful to fully understand Hans Fallada’s life and his fascinating and frightening report about the social, financial and personal fall of a human being.
Źródło:
Acta Neophilologica; 2021, 2, XXIII; 195-206
1509-1619
Pojawia się w:
Acta Neophilologica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Health and life hazards related to aggressive behaviour of patients diagnosed with alcohol abstinence syndrome
Zagrożenia zdrowia i życia powiązane z agresywnym zachowaniem pacjentów ze zdiagnozowanym alkoholowym zespołem abstynencyjnym
Autorzy:
Mitał, Marcin
Rzeźnicki, Adam
Stelmach, Włodzimierz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/940987.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Medical Communications
Tematy:
aggression
alcohol
alcohol withdrawal syndrome
delirium
agresja
alkoholowy zespół abstynencyjny
Opis:
Alcohol withdrawal syndrome is one of the most serious disorders resulting from alcohol addiction. Moreover, this disorder may cause complications such as hallucinations including delirium. Doctors and paramedics dealing with patients very often face aggressive behaviour. The aim of the study was to investigate the scale of that phenomenon and characterize it. The study included the analysis of patients’ medical documentation with diagnosed alcohol abstinence syndrome at the time of admission. Research confirmed that the aggressive behaviour occurred in 25% of cases. It occurred most frequently in case of delirium, and was directed to the patient’s environment. Conclusions: 1) Aggressive behaviour is quite a serious problem that affected every fourth patient being tested. The reasons can be different, but the crew of ambulances and doctors from hospital wards must be attentive and prepared for all kinds of violent behaviour, not only towards them, but to the patient himself also. 2) Aggressive behaviour was observed more frequently in the event of alcoholic delirium. 3) Aggression demonstrated by the patients with alcohol abstinence syndrome is addressed in almost ⅔ of the cases to the environment of the patient.
Alkoholowy zespół abstynencyjny jest jednym z najpoważniejszych zaburzeń wynikających z uzależnienia od alkoholu. Dodatkowo w trakcie jego przebiegu może dojść do powikłań z wystąpieniem halucynacji oraz pełnoobjawowym majaczeniem alkoholowym włącznie. Lekarze i ratownicy medyczni w kontaktach z takimi pacjentami często spotykają się z agresywnym zachowaniem. Celem pracy było zbadanie skali wspomnianego zjawiska oraz próba jego scharakteryzowania. Badania polegały na analizie kart chorobowych pacjentów z rozpoznanym, w chwili przyjęcia, alkoholowym zespołem abstynencyjnym. Z badań tych wynikało, że zachowania agresywne występowały w 25% przypadków. Najczęściej agresja była skierowana na otoczenie pacjenta i dotyczyła majaczenia alkoholowego. Wnioski: 1) Agresywne zachowanie jest dość poważnym problemem, występującym u co czwartego badanego pacjenta. Przyczyny tego stanu bywają różne, a członkowie załóg karetek pogotowia i lekarze oddziałów szpitalnych muszą być uważni i przygotowani na różnego rodzaju gwałtowne zachowania, skierowane nie tylko na personel, ale także na samego pacjenta. 2) Agresywne zachowanie było obserwowane zdecydowanie częściej w przypadku majaczenia alkoholowego. 3) Agresja pacjentów z alkoholowym zespołem abstynencyjnym skierowana jest w blisko ⅔ przypadków na otoczenie pacjenta.
Źródło:
Psychiatria i Psychologia Kliniczna; 2016, 16, 2; 86-90
1644-6313
2451-0645
Pojawia się w:
Psychiatria i Psychologia Kliniczna
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Occupational position and alcohol use disorders in Poland
Autorzy:
Bujalski, Michał
Moskalewicz, Jacek
Stokwiszewski, Jakub
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2095512.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-09-03
Wydawca:
Instytut Medycyny Pracy im. prof. dra Jerzego Nofera w Łodzi
Tematy:
alcohol
Polska
gender
occupational status
alcohol use disorders
occupational structure
Opis:
ObjectivesThe following analysis covers the role of the occupational structure in the prevalence of alcohol use disorders (AUDs). The authors investigated whether the occupational position affected the prevalence of AUDs among men and women, and how this relationship varied in lifetime and past year periods.Material and MethodsData were taken from the General Population Survey on Mental Health in Poland (EZOP) utilizing the Composite International Diagnostic Interview questionnaire (N = 2806). Binary and multiple regression models were employed to assess the risk of AUDs adjusted for the occupational structure and socio-demographic variables.ResultsThe occupational position affects the prevalence of AUDs in men, while it has no impact on AUDs in women. Skilled and non-skilled workers suffer from AUDs to a greater extent than those in higher occupational positions. However, the risk of alcohol harm in women seems to be equally distributed across the occupational structure.ConclusionsThe uneven pattern of alcohol harm in men and women can be possibly explained by shifting working conditions and work environments, as well as traditional gender roles affecting alcohol behaviors. The findings of the study support further development of the occupational position concept in alcohol research. The problem of harmful alcohol drinking in women across the occupational structure warrants a more in-depth inquiry.
Źródło:
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health; 2021, 34, 5; 591-602
1232-1087
1896-494X
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The diagnosis of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder
Autorzy:
Jablonský, Tomáš
Okálová, Oľga
Juszczyk, Stanisław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2011322.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015-12-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
Fetal Alcohol Spectrum disorder
diagnosis
treatment
prevention
Slovakia
Opis:
Prenatal exposure of a child to alcohol may cause Fetal Alcohol Syndrome or Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FAS/FASD). As a result, the affected child may exhibit lower intellect, neurosensory disorders, hyperactivity, executive functions disorder, abstract thinking and behaviour disorders combined with growth disorders and facial dysmorphia. In addition, undiagnosed and untreated children may suffer from serious secondary and tertiary disabilities. The aim of this paper is to provide a research overview of practical information about FAS/FASD syndrome, a presentation of the 4-Digit Diagnostic Code method and a sample of the research results by the first Centre of Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention of FAS in Slovakia.
Źródło:
The New Educational Review; 2015, 42; 112-122
1732-6729
Pojawia się w:
The New Educational Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Terapia osób uzależnionych od alkoholu w podstawowym etapie leczenia
The first stages of alcohol addiction treatment
Autorzy:
Szcześniak, Ewa
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/902108.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Gdańska Wyższa Szkoła Humanistyczna
Tematy:
alcohol addiction
therapeutic work
basic programme of therapy for alcohol addicts
Opis:
The article tackles the question of the emergence, as well as the characteristics, of the psychological mechanisms of addiction in individuals with prolonged and intensive alcohol intake, and indications for therapeutic work with such individuals in the course of a basic programme of therapy for alcohol addicts. Excessive, prolonged and intensive drinking leads to the emergence of addiction- specific psychological mechanisms which encompass the emotional sphere of the individual concerned, the cognitive sphere and the centre of personality i.e. the structure of Self. The emotional sphere witnesses the emergence of the addictive mechanism of regulating one’s emotions, the mind of an addict sees the creation of an illusion and denial mechanism, while the Self structure experiences the mechanism of diffusion and splitting. The combined effect of these mechanisms destroys an individual’s life and centres it around drinking. The author stresses the significance of therapeutic work on the ‘breaking down’ of these mechanisms and on solving those personal problems which constitute a constant source in activating the mechanisms. Therapeutic work in the basic therapy programme concentrates mainly on the understanding and acceptance of one’s addiction, coping with alcohol craving, recognising the destruction alcohol brings and admitting helplessness in relation to alcohol. Work on the mechanisms should commence in the first meeting with the patient, in order to prevent drink relapse.
Źródło:
Studia Gdańskie. Wizje i rzeczywistość; 2011, 8; 283-292
1731-8440
Pojawia się w:
Studia Gdańskie. Wizje i rzeczywistość
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Neurodevelopmental disorders of children as the challenging context of caregiving and attachment development: an example of children with FAS/FASD
Autorzy:
Palicka, Iwona
Klecka, Małgorzata
Przybyło, Jacek
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1162828.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Kazimierza Wielkiego w Bydgoszczy
Tematy:
FAS – fetal alcohol syndrome
FASD – fetal alcohol spectrum disorders
attachment
neurodevelopmental disorders
Opis:
The mutual mother – infant interaction activates simultaneously two systems: attachment system and caregiving system. It guarantees survival to a newborn and contributes to its optimal development – social, emotional and cognitive. According to the theory of John Bowlby (1969, 2007) a child has natural innate mechanisms such as crying, clinging, sucking, smiling, calling, and following. These mechanisms activates the caregiving system in the mother. In this theoretical paper, we aim to present how the neurodevelopmental disorder having its roots in brain damage can modify the original attachment behavior by causing difficulties in attuning to the caregiver and interfering with caregiving system activation. The authors’ clinical experience shows that FAS/FASD often correlates with attachment disorder. FAS can be both the cause of difficulties and reinforcement of the environmental factors which impair attachment. In a clinical picture FAS and attachment disorder influence each other, resulting in behavioural and emotional disorder.
Źródło:
Polskie Forum Psychologiczne; 2016, XXI, 4; 555-571
1642-1043
Pojawia się w:
Polskie Forum Psychologiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Spożycie napojów alkoholowych w Polsce w 1985 r.
Consumption of Alcohol in Poland in 1985
Autorzy:
Jasiński, Jerzy
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/698510.pdf
Data publikacji:
1991
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Tematy:
spożycie alkoholu
napoje alkoholowe
Polska
badania ankietowe
alcohol consumption
alcohol
Polska
surveys
Opis:
The Surveys  Since 1961, nine alcohol consumption surveys were carried out on the national level in Poland. The interests of their authors, the contents of questionnaires, and the ways of conducting the surveys varied, but most of them exhibited some common features. First of all, the respondents were met personally by the interviewers who filled up the questionnaires during the interview. Most of the surveys were based on quota samples of adult population, but in some also youngsters aged over 15 or 16 were included into the sample. The last occasion approach prevailed in the surveys; in one of them only, the respondents were asked to describe their last three drinking occasions. In some surveys, the respondents were also requested to estimate the frequency of their drinking of spirits during the last three months. In the present paper, some findings of the fifth and seventh surveys are analysed. The two surveys were carried out in 1980 and 1985, respectively. The estimate of frequency of drinking spirits derived from answers to the questions related to drinking during the last three months and to those about the last drinking occasion proved to differ markedly in exceptional cases only. However, as expected, the last occasion approach produced somewhat higher estimates of consumption level than that based on the respondent’s appraisal of the frequency of his or her own drinking during the last three months. The coverage rate was similar in both surveys: 47 per cent in 1980 and 56 per cent in 1985, and its level is in accordance with the findings obtained in surveys carried out in other countries. The Questions The questionnaires of both surveys included several questions related to positive and negative experiences the respondents had had as a result of their drinking. The proper part of the questionnaire used in the 1980 survey was of an experimental character. Its main aim was to collect data on the issue neglected in the Polish literature, i.e. on rewards resulting from drinking alcohol. In the literature in question, much attention had been paid to the detrimental consequences of drinking as if they were the only ones. The assumption that drinking has also some positive value for alcohol consumers seemed plausible: why would they otherwise drink at all? The questions asked were not intended to reveal what really happened to the persons who consume alcohol, but rather to get some insight in to the way they perceived occurrences which they rightly or mistakenly attribute to their drinking of alcohol. What seemed interesting were also the spheres of life in which alcohol played a positive as opposed to a negative role. As that part of the questionnaire was of an exploratory nature only, the respondents were asked about events in which alcohol helped them somehow or caused them getting into trouble, whenever that occurred. In the questionnaire of the 1985 survey, more attention was paid to the wording of those questions. Firstly, the respondents were asked about occurrences which had happened during the last twelve months preceding the interview. That was the time limit introduced in order to separate drinkers from non-drinkers, and in that case also to distinguish the “current” from the past events. Secondly, in the case of a good as well as bad experience, the types of occurrences in question were both of a trivial character and of such a nature that they could be related to a single drinking occasion. Thirdly, in reration to some spheres of life questions, about both positive and negative consequences were asked. Some of the questions included in the 1980 and 1985 questionnaires were formulated the way adopted in the Scandinavian Drinking Survey of 1979 which was carried out in Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden. Similar questions were also asked in Finnish surveys conducted in 1968, 1976, and 1984. The Polish, the Scandinavian, and the  Finnish surveys, were carried out at different times, in different manners, and on differently drawn sampres. Therefore, it would be impossible to compare, their findings directly. However, it seems interesting to point to some most striking discrepancies between them as a point of departure for theorizing on possible differences in the role played by alcohol in social life in Poland and in the Scandinavian countries. The Findings The main findings of the inquiry qan be summarized as follows: As could be expected, asking about events which might have occurred at any time in the respondents’ life has led to a higher proportion of positive answers as compared to asking about events that occurred during the last twelve months. In the Polish surveys, this could be noticed in the case of sorting out probrems related to people close to the respondent (49.7 and 21.7 per cent, respectivery), of taking a more, optimistic view of life (40.8 and 18.7 per cent, respectively) and in several other questions, while in the case of the Finnish surveys, in relation to being picked up by the police for being drunk (8.5–10.9 and 3.5 per cent, respectively). This observation is fairly obvious and has been mentioned here only to support confidence in the findings obtained. The questions included in the questionnaire of the 1980 Polish survey were formulated in a manner that was not too well suited for comparisons between the positive and negative experiences stemming from drinking. However, they provided some clues for supposing that good experiences occur more often than bad ones. The evidence provided by the answers in the l985 survey clearly supports this assumption. First of all, the prevalence of an experience is related to its type. The most common ones were: being more resolute in company, and spending more money than one otherwise would (it happened to 36.2 and 34.9 per cent of drinkers, respectively, during the last twelve months). It shows that positive as well as negative experiences related to drinking may be quite common. Most revealing are the answers to questions that pertain to similar types of events. There were four times more drinkers who felt that because of alcohol they were more resolute in company than those who acted as spoil-sports in company because of their drinking (36.2 as opposed to 8.3 per cent, respectively); three times more respondents who sorter out problems connected with their job with the help of alcohol than those who had some trouble at work because of their drinking (23.8 as opposed to 6.7 per cent, respectively); distinctly more sorted out problems related to people close to them than spoiled their relations with such persons (21.7 as opposed to 14.8 per cent, respectively); and finally, many more respondents took an optimistic rather than a pessimistic view of life because of drinking (18.7 as opposed to 10.4 per cent, respectively), It shows definitely that positive consequences of their own drinking are noticed by far more persons than the negative ones. The above findings concern the distribution of answers obtained from all drinkers in the sample. However, they do not preclude the contents of individual respondents’ answers. Are there two separate groups of drinkers: one consisting of those who have positive experiences with drinking, and another one, distinctly smaller, made up of those who have negative experiences related to the use of alcohol? Or is there one group only: the same people have good and bad experiences with drinking, the good ones prevailing in most cases? None of these alternatives appeared to be fully substantiated by the findings of the 1985 survey. First of all, more than two in five of the drinkers reported none of the good experiences listed, and more than one in two – none of the bad experiences. Thus there is a third (or a second) group of respondents drinking alcohol, viz. those who have neither positive nor negative experiences with it. Hence the possible concurrence of good and bad experiences related to drinking may be found in about a half of the drinkers only. All types of good and bad experiences were positively correlated with all types of bad experience listed in the questionnaire (X2 = from 87.8 to 274.3; df = 4; p < T = from 0.17 to 0.32). This points clearly to the second of the above alternatives, viz. to the view that those were predominantly the same persons who admitted having had both good and bad experiences related to drinking. Formulating this observation differently, one might say that having some good experience with drinking enhances the likelihood of having also bad experience with alcohol, and vice versa. In order to proceed further in this analysis, two indices were calculated. Both of them are related to variety and not quantity of experiences, as the questionnaire of the 1985 survey did not contain questions about how often the separate types of experiences listed had occurred. To form the index of good experiences, the number of “yes” answers was calculated, and accordingly the respondents received scores from 0 (no “yes” answers) to 7 (“yes” answers to all types of experiences quoted). The index of bad experiences was formed similarly. The mean score was 1.65 for positive experiences and 1.12 for the negative ones which shows once more that the incidence of the first kind of experiences prevailed over the other one. As it has already been mentioned, quite a number of respondents gave no “yes” answers at all. On the other end of the scale, there were relatively few persons who gave five or more “yes” answers; in the case of good experiences, there were 11 per cent of such persons, and in the case of bad ones – 5 per cent only. The close relationship between having good as well as bad exaperiences is demonstrated by the mean scores of index of good experiences related to drinking calculated for every level of the index of bad experiences, and vice versa. The picture shown by those scores is quite clear: the higher the number of positive types of experiences related to the use of alcohol, the higher also the number of negative experiences stemming from drinking. The same is also true for negative experiences: the greater their number, the more numerous also positive experiences. In conclusion it can simply be said that the drinkers who believe that alcohol drinking is rewarding are generally also aware of some unpleasant consequences which follow its use, and vice versa. A closer look at the scores of both indices revealed that on every level of the index of positive experiences, the number of those experiences exceeded markedly that of the negative ones (the only exception found is in the case of no positive experience). A partly similar picture emerges while looking at the consecutive levels of negative experiences: in the lower part of the scale, mean numbers of positive experiences surpass those of negative ones; only in the case of those respendents who reported four or more types of negative experiences, the numbers of positive experiences were smaller. Finally, the question arises how could this concurrence of good and bad experiences be explained. Or, to take a different approach, what, if anything, distinguishes the respondents who admit having many types of positive and negative experiences from those who do not happen to have them at all or who have a few only. The answer is again surprisingly simple. What seems to determine the number of experiences related to drinking is the level of alcohol consumption. In the case of the Polish drinking habits, this means practically the level of consumption of spirits. The greater the number of types of negative or positive experiences, the higher the consumption level of alcohol (spirits). In persons who reported no good or bad experiences related to drinking, mean alcohol consumption was less than a half of the average. With a rise in the number of types of positive and negative experiences stemming from drinking, the amount of alcohol consumed is also rising steeply to a level more than twice as high as the average for all drinkers. It has also to be stressed that the conusumption level associated with the same number of types of negative experiences related to drinking is higher than in the case of positive ones. Looking at this relationship at the background of the level of consumption, it can be stated that e.g. those who drunk ten to eleven litres of spirits yearly have had one type of bad and two types of good experiences related to the use of alcohol; those who drunk seventeen to twenty litres had two to three types of bad and three–four types of good experiences; and those who drunk about twenty-five litres of spirits yearly had four types of bad and five types of good experiences stemming from alcohol. The predominance of positive experiences is present all the time; however, it tends to get smaller with the increase in consumption level. The description of respondents who tended to have more good and bad experiences related to drinking corresponds strictly to that of those who are drinking more than others. Over-represented are among them: men, middle-aged, having primary education only or unfinnished secondary school, having, blue-collar jobs, describing themselves as nonbelievers or non-practising believers, having disputes and arguments with their families, with neighbours, friends, colleagues and superiors at work, having often the feeling of not enjoying the esteem they deserve. Conclusions For most Poles who drink alcohol, drinking does not seem to be associated with any particular experiences of a positive or negative value. They do not drink much, do it occasionally, probably mostly for social reasons. For those who drink more than the average and, in particular, for those who drink heavily, alcohol consumption tends to be associated with some good or bad experiences which they relate to their use of alcohol. The more they drink, the more experiences of both kinds they have. However, experiences of a rewarding nature prevail over consequences that are annoying or unpleasant. While looking at similar Scandinavian surveys, some striking differences in the incidence of types of occurrences related to drinking can be noticed. In Poland, alcohol seems to serve much more often than in the Scandinavian countries as a means of sorting out problems the drinking person has with people close to him, and in particular, in sorting out his or her problems at work. On the other hand, as far as the use of alcohol for acquiring some psychological effects is concerned (such as improving the mood, better expressing one’s feelings, or saying something one regrets afterwards), the Poles do not seem to differ much from the Scandinavians, particularly from those who are ress successful in this sphere. The Poles seem to have also more health problems related to drinking, even in comparison to those Scandinavians who drink mostly spirits, like the Icelanders.
Źródło:
Archiwum Kryminologii; 1991, XVII; 199-285
0066-6890
2719-4280
Pojawia się w:
Archiwum Kryminologii
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Grey area in the production of alcoholic beverage in Poland
Autorzy:
Mucha, Edyta
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/45243932.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-12-15
Wydawca:
Akademia Policji w Szczytnie
Tematy:
grey market
alcoholic beverages
illegal production
smuggling
alcohol decontamination
moonshine production
alcohol counterfeiting
Opis:
The article is an attempt to present the phenomenon of the shadow economy in the alcoholic beverage production industry in Poland. The study shows the specific nature and value of the shadow economy, which includes three key elements: illegal activity, hidden activity and activity defi ned as „informal”. Reference was also made to the problem of illegal alcohol production and its forms, such as: smuggling alcohol into the country, buying counterfeit alcohol, producing alcohol at home (moonshining), consuming alcohol intended for industrial or medical purposes and consuming alcohol obtained through cross-border purchases. Subsequently, the causes of the shadow economy in the area of alcoholic beverage production and new methods of operation of criminals during the coronavirus pandemic were discussed. The last issue highlighted was the methods of counteracting illegal alcohol production.
Źródło:
Przegląd Policyjny; 2022, 145(1); 299-313
0867-5708
Pojawia się w:
Przegląd Policyjny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Uwarunkowania liberalizacji stanowisk wobec narkotyków oraz ich zażywania zidentyfikowane w środowisku szkolnym – dane z badań
Reasons for the Liberalization of Attitudes Towards Drugs and their Use Identified in the School Environment – Research Data
Autorzy:
Motyka, Marek A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/916450.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-12-15
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
youth
school environment
alcohol
drugs
Opis:
Over the past few decades, researchers of drug addiction have drawn attention to the unprecedenteddynamics in the positions on drugs and a growing number of people who admit to the use of suchsubstances for hedonistic and recreational purposes. An intensification of drug addiction led to theidentification of a large number of drug-related problems which occur on individual, social and globallevels. The last decade has abounded in seemingly uncontrollable, numerous events linked mainly to the spread of “legal highs”. These events included: legal trade in those products in Poland, two waves of numerous deaths associated with their use, the extremely unscrupulous distribution of “legal highs”through websites, and particularly the liberalisation of attitudes towards those new designer drugs. The considerable importance in creating positions in favour of drug use should also be attributed to the popularity of marijuana, increasingly gaining a status of a recreational drug. This paper discusses the current reasons why the youth begin to use drugs as identified in the school environment. The research focused on obtaining reliable data allowing to diagnose the phenomenon of drug use by the young people in Podkarpacie Province and to determine factors contributing to drug initiation among this segment of population. In the quantitative research, the empirical data were collected through a specially designed questionnaire from a random sample of young people from 27 secondary schools in Podkarpacie Province (n=2237). Within the sample, 712 students (31%) admitted to using drugs. The most important educational factors for promoting psychoactive substances are low involvement in education and frequent school absences. Drugs are more commonly used by older students. The research material presented in this article can be successfully used by practitioners in the field, including sociologists, educators and psychologists, and by institutions active in social prevention. It can also form the starting point for further explorations of this important social phenomenon.
Źródło:
Studia Edukacyjne; 2019, 55; 223-244
1233-6688
Pojawia się w:
Studia Edukacyjne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
FASD – Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Disorder
Autorzy:
Nowak, Anna
Michno, Adrian
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1075520.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN
Tematy:
FAS
FASD
alcohol
disorders
pregnancy
Opis:
Consumption of alcohol during pregnancy is a highly undesirable phenomenon, often causing miscarriages or many abnormalities of the child's development. Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) describes physical and mental disorders resulting from the effects of alcohol on health and behavioral disorders of the child, which are usually secondary to changes in the central nervous system caused by fetal alcohol intoxication during pregnancy. These changes are usually irreversible and evident throughout the life of a child affected by FASD, but if appropriate therapies are implemented, it is possible to minimize the symptoms of these disorders. Their nature and severity depend on several factors, including the time of exposure to alcohol and the health status of a pregnant woman. Clinical features of FASD include craniofacial anomalies, central nervous system disorders and growth retardation. Alcohol-induced structural changes include anomalies in the cardiovascular, skeletal, renal and urinary systems as well as in the organs of sight and hearing. Time of initial diagnosis plays an important role, because it allows the introduction of appropriate therapy for a child with FASD and the introduction of appropriate education of parents and other members of the family. It is possible to minimize the symptoms and disorders resulting from the Fetal Alcohol Disorders Spectrum, to the extent enabling them proper functioning of the child and his family.
Źródło:
World Scientific News; 2019, 129; 242-254
2392-2192
Pojawia się w:
World Scientific News
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Drug use, smoking, alcohol abuse and assertiveness of medical students from Poland and Belarus
Autorzy:
Kułak-Bejda, A.
Waszkiewicz, N.
Shpakau, A.
Bejda, G.
Dróżdż-Kubicka, E.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1918791.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Medyczny w Białymstoku
Tematy:
Smoking
drugs
alcohol
medical students
Opis:
Introduction: Human health is largely determined by factors such as human behavior and style of life. Purpose: To evaluate selected patterns of behavior of medical students, such as smoking, alcohol abuse, drug use, and their assertiveness. Materials and methods: The study included 338 students from Bialystok, Poland, and 339 from Grodno, Belarus. The original questionnaire, Fasterström's Nicotine Addiction Test, Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test, Drug Use Problem Test, and Assertiveness Test according to Grębski were all used. Results: In both groups, the level of cigarette dependence was low, with 10% of the students from Poland and 15% from Belarus being habitual cigarette smokers. No significant differences were found in the frequency of alcohol consumption between Polish (57%) and Belarusian (52%) students. Of the respondents, 3.3% from Poland and 1.5% from Belarus met the criteria of alcohol dependence according to the MAST test. There were no statistically significant differences in the frequency of drug use between the Polish (1.5%) and Belarusian (1.8%) students. The average level of assertiveness was 16.2 for Polish students and 15.4 for Belarusian students, which was a significant difference. Conclusions: These results indicate similar percentages of Polish and Belarusian students smoke cigarettes, drink alcohol, and use drugs. In addition, Polish students were more assertive than Belarusian students.
Źródło:
Progress in Health Sciences; 2018, 8(2); 62-69
2083-1617
Pojawia się w:
Progress in Health Sciences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ethanol influence on gingival fibroblasts - a real-time in vitro study
Autorzy:
Wyganowska-Świątkowska, M.
Nowak, A.
Paszyńska, E.
Grzech-Leśniak, K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2081937.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Instytut Medycyny Wsi
Tematy:
alcohol
oral cavity
gingival fibroblasts
Opis:
Introduction. Alcohol consumption is the world’s third largest risk factor for disease and disability. According to the WHO report from 2011: 71% of urban respondents ty and 77% of rural respondents admit to alcohol consumption]. Lower socio-economic status and educational levels result in a greater risk of alcohol-related injury, disease and death. Alcohol is a common component of many medicines, as well as an ingredient in many oral hygiene home products. Mouthwashes containing alcohol are considered to inhibit wound healing in the oral cavity. Due to the fact that many different results are described for different concentrations of alcohol at different times, an attemptwas made to visualise the direct impact of 7.2% and 22% alcohol on human gingival fibroblasts. Materials and method. PANsystem 2000 was used for visualisation of the reaction of human gingival fibroblasts isolated from gingiva on ethanol in 2 different concentrations. PANsys 3000 is a multi-system fully-automated cell culture device used for in vitro culture and to study a variety of cell lines under conditions similar to in vivo. Observations were carried out for 48 hours since alcohol addition. Pictures were taken in a continuous process at 5 minute intervalds and combined into a film. Results. Both contamination of 7.2% and 22% ethyl alcohol negatively affected morphology and cell proliferation. Addition of ethanol at a concentration 7.2% enabled cells to regain their ability to divide and recover normal morphology after 10 hours; changes caused by 22% ethanol, however, were irreversible. Conclusions. The obtained results suggest that daily usage of 7.2% alcohol contained in mouthwashes is non-toxic for gingival fibroblasts, and could be recommended after periodontal surgery.
Źródło:
Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine; 2018, 25, 4; 647-650
1232-1966
Pojawia się w:
Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Psychologiczne wyznaczniki stylów radzenia sobie ze stresem u osób uzależnionych od alkoholu
Psychological determinants of coping with stress in a group of alcohol addicted person
Autorzy:
Chodkiewicz, Jan
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/18806690.pdf
Data publikacji:
1999
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
alcohol addiction
coping with stress
Źródło:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Psychologica; 1999, 03; 77-85
2353-4842
Pojawia się w:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Psychologica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
State of knowledge (concerning the alcohol dependence) of the patients undergoing a therapy in the Department of twenty-four-hour Addiction Treatment in Lukow
Autorzy:
Piaszczyk, D.
Baranowska, T.
Ławnik, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2052274.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Akademia Bialska Nauk Stosowanych im. Jana Pawła II w Białej Podlaskiej
Tematy:
alcohol dependence
patients’ knowledge
treatment
Opis:
The aim of research was to determine the effects of therapy and its influence on the way people addicted to alcohol perceive alcoholism. This work contains the basic knowledge concerning the core of alcoholism, its stages and symptoms of addiction. There are also characteristic features of addicted person which resulted from the analysis of defense mechanisms supporting alcoholism. The research was carried out from November 2012 to January 2013 in the Department of Twenty-four-hour Addiction Treatment in Independent Public Health Care Institution in Łuków. The study comprised of 50 patients who were in the final stage of therapy (seventh week of therapy). The research tool was the interview questionnaire, prepared by the researchers, which consisted of questions concerning demographic-social data of patients, their knowledge, concerning dependence syndrome, and the level of preparedness for living with disease after the end of therapy. The research showed that men participated in the therapy four times more often than women. Half of the investigated patients completed only the primary education and had a status of an unemployed person. Basing on the conversations with patients, it  was proved that the main reason for participation in the therapy was the desire to overcome their addiction. It has been stated that after 7 weeks of therapy more than ½ of patients gained knowledge concerning alcoholism and evaluated their own knowledge as sufficient. Thanks to the therapy, patients gained knowledge concerning the destructive influence of alcohol on the functioning of family. More than ½ of patients claimed that they are able to use assertive behaviours and prevent the recurrence of disease. According to patients, the instructor of therapy plays an important role in shaping some necessary skills at "building" a sober life.
Źródło:
Health Problems of Civilization; 2014, 08, 4; 27-35
2353-6942
2354-0265
Pojawia się w:
Health Problems of Civilization
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-25 z 380

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