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Tytuł:
Alcohol in the lives of students in Poland and Ukraine - research report
Autorzy:
Urszula, Kempińska,
Mykola, Rudenko,
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/890355.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017-09-28
Wydawca:
Akademia Pedagogiki Specjalnej im. Marii Grzegorzewskiej. Wydawnictwo APS
Tematy:
alcohol
alcohol-related conditions
age of alcohol initiation
Opis:
Alcoholism is a disease that attacks regardless of age, religion, nationality, sex, level of education, mental health, family situation, socio-economic status or character. Research on students' attitudes towards alcohol was carried out in Poland and Ukraine, in the countries where there is widespread positive feedback on its effects. In wide social circles put to the survey, alcohol consumption is a tradition taking place during different celebrations or almost every meeting. In addition, the use of alcohol means a quick drink up of large quantities of strong alcoholic drinks. This way of drinking does not function as a symbol of the meeting or its background, but becomes the center and the main reason. Alcohol used by teens generally does not cause surprise or concern. Many communities treat alcohol drunk in childhood, as natural and inevitable. It sometimes happens that young people and even children receive the first can of beer or a glass of champagne from the hands of their own parents. Until recently, public awareness of the phenomenon of using psychoactive substances has related to the margin of society, people from the so-called pathological and criminal environments. A little later there were reports that the alcohol and other drugs are in the range of interests of adolescents, coming from "good homes" and having good future prospects. The aim of the study was to investigate the attitudes of Polish and Ukrainian students towards alcohol. The main problem of the research focused on the question: Is there a difference in the attitudes of young people towards alcohol because of the country of origin? Research shows that among the students there is a problem of alcohol abuse. We must therefore start to implement effectively, not just "on paper", alcohol prevention programs already in primary schools.
Źródło:
International Journal of Pedagogy, Innovation and New Technologies; 2017, 4(1); 71-79
2392-0092
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Pedagogy, Innovation and New Technologies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Sekretny świat rodziny z problemem alkoholowym
The secret world of the family with alcohol problem
Autorzy:
Ciosek, Mieczysław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/902052.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Gdańska Wyższa Szkoła Humanistyczna
Tematy:
alcohol problem
family with alcohol problem
dysfunctionality
Opis:
Basing on extensive biography, the author in his article discusses the characteristics of families with alcohol problem. He emphasises the characteristics of roles played by the members in such family systems. The article describes the characteristics of the family with alcohol problem and its functioning. The author subsequently discusses the co-dependency which deepens the dysfunctionality in such families.
Źródło:
Studia Gdańskie. Wizje i rzeczywistość; 2011, 8; 270-282
1731-8440
Pojawia się w:
Studia Gdańskie. Wizje i rzeczywistość
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Damage reduction and alcohol drinking reduction programs in social welfare homes as an alternative to traditional abstinence interventions
Autorzy:
Łukasz, Kołodziej,
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/893245.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-11-15
Wydawca:
Akademia Pedagogiki Specjalnej im. Marii Grzegorzewskiej. Wydawnictwo APS
Tematy:
damage reduction
reduced alcohol consumption
alcohol addiction
social welfare
Opis:
Introduction. At present, there is only one social welfare home (DPS) in Poland for alcohol addicts, and two units of this type have wards specializing in alcohol addiction, so few have a chance to stay in a DPS. Alcohol addicted residents of DPS often have had many unsuccessful attempts to take addiction therapy, so the likelihood that another stay in a specialized center will bring a permanent change in stopping alcohol consumption is low. The purpose of the article is to popularise knowledge among social welfare homes workers about the programs of reducing alcohol consumption and reducing the caused damage. Method. In order to provide knowledge about these programs, the traditional goal of addiction therapy and prevention, which is to achieve long-term abstinence, has been compared with damage reduction and alcohol consumption programs. Results. Although employees of social welfare homes are already implementing elements of the damage reduction program, for example by skipping the administration of drugs to drunk residents or looking after the health status of alcohol intoxicated residents, there is still a lack of systematic actions aimed at the full implementation of programs to reduce drinking and health and social damage caused by alcohol problems in DPS. Conclusions. An alternative to the limited number of places for addicted residents of social welfare homes in specialized types of centers may be the implementation of programs to reduce alcohol consumption and reduction of alcohol-related damage in various types of social welfare homes throughout the country. Their implementation may also increase the effectiveness of therapeutic interventions against alcohol addicted residents of DPS.
Źródło:
Praca Socjalna; 2019, 34(3); 93-116
0860-3480
Pojawia się w:
Praca Socjalna
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The study of the sobriety of employees as one of the key elements of safety
Autorzy:
Jędrzejas, Natalia
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1177352.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN
Tematy:
alcohol dependence
alcohol problems
breathalyser
harmful drinking
penalties
sobriety
Opis:
Safety at the workplace is one of the key aspects that affects both the employee and the employer. Despite the passage of time, this unusually expanded subject does not lose its significance and its social status influences the creation of a culture of work safety. It is aimed not only at removing threats or creating security procedures, but also changing the beliefs, attitudes and behavior of employees. This last element is extremely important to be able to adapt employees to today's European security standards. The purpose of this article is to show the importance of the sobriety of employees as an aspect of safety in the workplace, which not only affects their health and life, but also reduces quality and productivity at the same time undermining the credibility of the company.
Źródło:
World Scientific News; 2018, 104; 215-226
2392-2192
Pojawia się w:
World Scientific News
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Gminny Program Profilaktyki i Rozwiązywania Problemów Alkoholowych jako podstawowa forma realizacji zadań własnych gminy z zakresu profilaktyki i rozwiązywania problemów alkoholowych
The Municipality Programme For Preventing And Resolving Alcohol-Related Problems As The Basic Form Of Implementing The Municipality’s Own Tasks In The Field Of Preventing And Resolving Alcohol Problems
Autorzy:
Biniasz-Celka, Danuta
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/911115.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-03-15
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
alcohol
prevention
health
Opis:
The system of preventing and resolving alcohol-related problems used in Poland gives municipalities (gminas), as territorial units, the fundamental role in it. The municipality council is obliged to establish a number of programmes on the basis of the act on municipality self-government, as well as the regulations of other acts, including the Act of 26th October 1982 on Upbringing in Sobriety and Counteracting Alcoholism (A.U.S.C.A.) of the Municipality Programme for Preventing and Resolving Alcohol-related Problems (LCPP&RAP). The programme takes into account the areas of action listed in Article 41 section 1 of the A.U.S.C.A. and the indications included in the recommendations developed by the National Agency for Resolving Alcohol-related Problems. It should be emphasized that the implementation of tasks in the field of preventing and resolving alcohol-related problems under the programme is part of the strategy for resolving social problems, and takes into account the operational objectives set out in the National Health Programme. The regulations of the A.U.S.C.A. also provide the municipality witha significant role in implementing actions to tackle alcohol addiction. The actions are taken on three levels by: (1) appointing a local community committee for resolving problems (Article 41 section 3), (2) determining within resolutions the maximum number of permits for the sale of alcoholic beverages and the rules of locating places of sale and serving alcoholic beverages (Article 12 sections 1–3), (3) issuing permits for the sale of alcohol (Article 18 section 1) and monitoring the legitimacy of using these permits (Article 18 section 8). In addition, the LCPP&RAP provides solutions regarding forms, methods and projects undertaken by the municipality. It is important to note that the municipality self-government, as a result of decentralization of the state, has received extensive competence to conduct its own policy on alcohol-related problems, which is why its role is crucial.
Źródło:
Studia Prawa Publicznego; 2020, 1, 29; 71-93
2300-3936
Pojawia się w:
Studia Prawa Publicznego
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Methyl Alcohol Poisoning
Autorzy:
Djulard, Ajde
Sahata, Maria Endo
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1118805.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN
Tematy:
Methyl alcohol
poisoning
Opis:
Methyl alcohol is a cheap and potent adulterant of illicit liquors. Many outbreaks of methyl alcohol poisoning have occurred in our country. Such outbreaks have been responsible for a heavy toll of mortality and morbidity. This paper describes our clinical experience in managing patients with methyl alcohol poisoning, and emphasizes that early identification and prompt treatment is of prime importance. Methanol, also known as wood alcohol, is a commonly used organic solvent that, because of its toxicity, can cause metabolic acidosis, neurologic sequelae, and even death, when ingested. It is a constituent of many commercially available industrial solvents and of poorly adulterated alcoholic beverages. Methanol toxicity remains a common problem in many parts of the developing world, especially among members of lower socioeconomic classes (See Etiology and Pathophysiology and Presentation).
Źródło:
World News of Natural Sciences; 2017, 8; 43-49
2543-5426
Pojawia się w:
World News of Natural Sciences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Addictive effects of alcohol
Autorzy:
Witek, Bożena
Rochon-Szmejchel, Danuta
Liedke, Peter
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/472472.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Pedagogiczny im. Komisji Edukacji Narodowej w Krakowie
Tematy:
alcohol
alcoholism
dependence
Źródło:
Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis. Studia ad Didacticam Biologiae Pertinentia; 2016, VI; 85-97
2083-7267
2450-3487
Pojawia się w:
Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis. Studia ad Didacticam Biologiae Pertinentia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The effect of alcohol on neuroglia in the developing brain and in adults
Autorzy:
Krawczyk-Marć, Izabela
Galiniak, Sabina
Sęk-Mastej, Anna
Marć, Mateusz
Orkisz, Stanisław
Wawrzyniak, Agata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/454917.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Rzeszowski. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego
Tematy:
brain
alcohol
neuroglia
Opis:
Introduction. During puberty, the young body undergoes transformation not only within the reproductive and hormonal systems, but also significant changes in the central nervous system (CNS). Matured neural connections improve the integration of distant brain regions, the plasticity of neurons increases, and thus specialization of the brain occurs in the performance of specific tasks. During these transformations, both neurons and the accompanying neuroglia are sensitive to all toxic factors, among which ethanol occupies a special place. It causes an increase in the activity of glial cells, which by directing pro-inflammatory cytokines directly contribute to the death of apoptotic neurons. A long-lasting and irreversible impairment of brain function, especially in the hippocampus occurs as a result of alcohol abuse during the period of development. Aim. This paper presents an overview of current knowledge about the effects of alcohol on neuroglia in the developing brain and in adults. Materials and methods. The literature review of the following databases has been conducted: EBSCO, PubMed, Science Direct, Springer Link. Conclusions. The results of alcohol research have shown that it affects the neurotransmission and fluidity of cell membranes, changing the activity of neurons. By binding to GABA receptor (GABA) and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDA receptor for glutamate), ethanol suppresses brain function. In addition to increased sensitivity and susceptibility to the addictive effects of ethanol, the neurogeneration activity is intensified followed by the induction and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which in the first stage disrupt the cortical function hindering logical thinking and disrupting the limbic system, directly affecting the memory and learning processes. Next, the cerebellum is attacked, which results in the impairment of balance and motor coordination, and consequently acts on the brain stem, directly affecting the respiratory and circulatory control centers.
Źródło:
European Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine; 2018, 4; 335-340
2544-2406
2544-1361
Pojawia się w:
European Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Możliwość sprzedaży alkoholu przez Internet
The possibility to sell alcohol via Internet
Autorzy:
Kościelny, Paweł
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2196840.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Kancelaria Sejmu. Biuro Analiz Sejmowych
Tematy:
alcohol
trade
Internet
Opis:
The Act on Upbringing in Sobriety and Counteracting Alcoholism does not include provisions concerning strictly the retail sale of alcohol via Internet. The author considers that, based on provisions concerning stationary shops (required permits, the closed list of types of shops allowed to sell alcohol), the interpretation prohibiting the sale of alcohol online should be considered appropriate. A similar view can be found in the rulings of the Supreme Administrative Court.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS; 2021, 3(71); 251-263
1896-9852
2082-064X
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Rozmiary i dystrybucja spożycia alkoholu w Polsce. Oceny oparte na badaniu na próbie udziałowej i losowej
Alcohol Use in Poland. Estimates derived from interviewing a quota sample and a random sample of the population
Autorzy:
Jasiński, Jerzy
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/698522.pdf
Data publikacji:
1992
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Tematy:
spożycie alkoholu
badania ankietowe
napoje alkoholowe
alcohol consumption
surveys
alcohol
Opis:
The Problem Statement             The main goals of the alcohol consumption surveys, repeatedly carried out Poland, are to describe the changes in the drinking subcultures of different segments of the population, to monitor the emergence of new drinking practices and the discontinuance of old ones, and to record the evolution of attitudes toward alcohol. In order to facilitate the analysis of these and related phenomena, similar instruments were used and applied in a consistent manner in several of the consecutive surveys. Any substantial change in the formulation of the questions asked or in the manner they are presented to the respondents (e.g. a mailed questionnaire versus a personal interview), raises a number of problems regarding the interpretation of the results obtained. Should the changes observed be treated as reflecting the transformations of the processes studied, or should they be attributed to alterations in the way the respondents were approached? On the other hand, repeated use of the same questionnaire applied in exactly the same manner does not seem to be an attractive proposition, since new problems and interests emerge and new survey research methods are being developed. In the Polish alcohol consumption surveys an attempt has been made to find a balance between securing continuity and introducing change. However, sometimes changes have to be made irrespectively of the researcher’s wishes. They may stem from resources constraints forcing the researcher to adopt a cheaper or less time consuming method of conducting a survey, or from some other reasons. In the case of the Polish alcohol consumption surveys such an external change occurred recently in relation to the sample design. Nine surveys have been conducted in Poland since 1961. Five of these surveys have utilized quota samples, while in four, random samples were employed. However, the studies based on random samples, for the most part, are not representative of the majority of Polish research on drinking practices. Instead, three of the four surveys based on random samples are unique in that they were  devoted to an examination of the following issues: meaning attached by the general public to the notion of abstinence; estimation of the content and influence exercised by the antialcohol propaganda; and the effectiveness of the appeals by the Roman Catholic church to abstain from drinking alcoholic beverages during the month of August in the last 3 years. The studies based on quota samples are much more representative of Polish surveys on drinking practices. In these studies, the primary focus has been on the description and nature of drinking occasions. For example, this was the focus in the pioneering surveys by A. Swiecicki carried out in 1961 and 1962, in J. K. Falewicz’s survey of 1968, and in the Polish Alcohol Consumption Surveys of 1980 and 1985. In all of these surveys the same way of measuring alcohol consumption was adopted and their results were analyzed according to the same methodology. The data collection was done by the Center for Public Opinion Survey and Program Studies of the State Committee for Radio and TV in Warsaw for all the surveys. However, in recent years, this Center has been increasingly using random samples of the population in its research, first restricting and more recently abandoning completely the use of quota samples. From now on, the new Polish alcohol consumption surveys will be conducted on random samples only. While the shift to the use of random samples of the population represents a methodological step forward, it raises some important questions. Perhaps most important is whether results from these new surveys will be comparable with results from former surveys? The study reported in this paper is aimed at providing an answer to this question. In the case of a random sample, at least initially, every object in the population has to have an equal probability of being drawn, and at least the first step in the sampling procedure has to be taken randomly. In a quota sample, on the other hand, the usual procedure is that the interviewer has to interview a specified number of subjects with predetermined characteristics (e.g. men; 20‒29 years old; having primary educaiion only; etc.) How the interviewer finds these persons is left to his ingenuity, and even if he does not select them by applying any krown criteria, he is not drawing his part of the sample randomly. If all the interviewers follow exactly the instructions in selecting interviewees, the distribution of the characteristics of the quota sample should be the same as in the general population. It is hoped, but only hoped, that it will secure the representativeness of the sample. To what extent is this hope fulfilled cannot be determined.                                                    The Sample   In September 1985 the data for the second Polish Alcohol Consumption Survey were collected on a quota sample (QS). Four weeks later, in October 1985, some items from the questionnaire used in that survey were added to a routinely  conducted public opinion poll carried out on a random sample (RS). The sizes of the samples were 1808 and 882, respectively. In both cases the field work was done by the Center for Public Opinion Survey. The samples were comparable to one another in terms of the respondents’ occupation, sex, level of education, and proportion of people living in urban and rural areas. However, both samples differed from the general population with respect to age. In the QS, persons aged 60 and older were underrepresented (by about 12%), while those aged 40‒59 were overrepresented (again by about 12%). Within the RS, those aged l6‒19 were underrepresented (by about 6%). The former discrepancy must have originated from the interviewers’ not foliowing closely enough the instructions given to them as to the age of persons they had to interview. The latter discrepancy stemmed from the sampling procedure; the RS was derived from the 1984 election lists, which covered the population of 18 years old and over. One year later, in 1985, these lists included only persons aged 19 and older. The differences in the age structure in the QS, RS, and in the general population are of some significance for estimations of tne coverage rate and for comparability of the samples, and thus will be further discussed later on in the paper.   Frequenct and Quantity   In the Polish Alcohol Consumption Surveys, as in previous Polish research, the level of consumption has been estimated by means of the last occasion approach. In order to make such estimates a number of assumptions have to be accepted. They are related to the typicality of the occasion described by the respondent in terms of kind of occasion, amount of alcohol consumed, etc. Additionally, some assumptions regarding the frequency of drinking also have to be accepted. These requirements may seem unrealistically far going. However, two points have to be considered. Firstly, the more typical an occasion of drinking is ‒ the more likely, it is to be reported to the interviewer. Secondly, in epidemiological research the interest is on categories or types of respondents and not on a single individual; in groups of respondents, unconventional occasions tend, at least in part, to annul their impact on the means and other measures describing the drinking modalities. The variables used in the Polish Alcohol Consumption Surveys to establish the drinking patterns were: kind of beverage, quantity consumed, and frequency of drinking. There were no differences between the QS and the RS in respect to the frequency of drinking wine purchased in stores as well as home made fruit wine. However, there were some differences in the case of spirit and beer. In the RS, two categories of spirit drinkers could be recognized more distinctly than in the QS; infrequent (i.e. drinking spirits less often than once a month), and very frequent (i.e. several times a week). The former category consisted of 45,5 per cent (QS) and 48,1 per cent (RS), respectively, and the latter of 21,3 per cent (QS) and 30,0 per cent (RS). In the case of beer consumers, there were significantly more infrequent drinkers in the RS than in the QS (48,6 and 34,9 per cent, respectively), and fewer very frequent drinkers (38,5 and 32,5 per cent, respictively). Significantly higher quantities consumed on one occasion were reported in the QS than in the RS, irrespectively of beverage. This would suggest that the interviewers collecting data for the QS tended, possibly without even realizing it, to select prospective respondents from among persons consuming more alcohol than average.   The Beverages   One of the consequences of the above differences in regard to the frequency of drinking and quantities of alcohol consumed is the overestimation of the concentration of consumption in research based on QSs. The concentration of consumption is traditionally used to refer to the size of proportion of consumers who drink about half of all alcohol consumed. According to an estimate derived from the RS in 1985 in Poland, half of spirits were consumed by about 10 per cent of drinkers (rather than by 7 per cent as indicated by the QS), and of wine purchased ‒ by 8 per cent of drinkers (rather than by 7 per cent); in the case of drinkers of home made wine (5 per cent), and of beer (10 per cent) the estimates of concentration of consumption proved to be the same in the QS and in the RS. The shrinking of the coverage rate was another consequence of the overestimation of the quantities of alcohol consumed of the frequency of drinking of some alcoholic beverages. The comparison of the amount of alcoholic beverages sold during 1985 in the country with the amount accounted for by the surveys, reveals the following picture:                                                          QS                                      RS spirits                                           50,6 per cent                     47,8 per cent wine purchased                          49,3 per cent                     25,8 per cent beer                                              81,5 per cent                     45,2 per cent   Total                                              55,9 per cent                     48,1 per cent   The substantial differences in the coverage rate are noticed only in relations to wine and beer, e.g. to the beverages of lesser importance considering the Polish drinking patterns. The absence of substantial differences between the RS and the QS in relation to spirits stemmed from the fact that the overestimation of the amount drunk on one occasion was partly compensated for by the underestimation of the size of the category of the very frequent drinkers. As far as the better and wine drinkers were concerned no such compensation was present. The data on the sale of alcoholic beverages indicate that in that in 1985 about 68 per cent of all alcohol purchased in Poland was spirits. Of the total amount of alcohol consumed, the QS indicated that spirits accounted for 62 per cent, while the RS indicated that spirits accounted for 74 per cent. The first estimate was too low, the other too high, each by 6 per cent. As could be expected from the low coverage rate of wine, in the research based on the RS, the place of wine in the structure of beverages consumed was underestimated (9 per cent instead of 15 per cent of all alcohol consumed). The place occupied by beer was estimated correctly by the RS (18 per cent). The modest contribution of beer and wine to the total amount of alcohol consumed should be attributed mainly to the drinking habits prevailing in Poland, but also partly to the unmet demand for beer and for wine, in particular for imported grape wine. The analysis of the data from the QS showed that drinking one kind of alcoholic beverage raised the likelihood of drinking another kind of alcoholic beverage. This was true with regard to every beverage type and all these relationships were statistically significant. The data from the RS corroborated fully the above results. In the case of persons who consumed two kinds of alcoholic beverages, a further question could be asked, viz. do persons who drink greater quantity of one beverage also tend to drink more of the other one. This was the case in respect to all of beverages both in the QS in the RS.   Consumption Level   In order to estimate the respondents’ level of alcohol consumption all beverages consumed had to be recounted according to their content of alcohol, and added up. The distribution of the respondents according to the level of their consumption revealed some important differences between the estimates derived from the QS and RS. First of all, according to the RS, there were significantly more teetolers in the general population (23 per cent) than according to the QS (16, 1 per cent). This is partly due to the underrepresentation persons aged 60 and older in the QS. Relatively more persons in this age group are non-drinkers than in the lower age brackets. The other reason for this discrepancy in the estimate of the size of the fraction of non-drinkers is the already mentioned tendency of the interviewers to select as prospective respondents drinkers rather than abstainers while collecting data for the QS. The other difference between the RS and QS relates to the proportion of persons drinking substantial amounts of alcohol. On the whole, the RS indicates that it is smaller than the QS does. The extrapolation of the results obtained in the RS on the adult population in the country leads to the following conclusion. In 1985 there were about 2,1 million persons who annually consumed more than 16 liters of pure alcohol in Poland. They were consuming at least one half a litter bottle of vodka in every ten days. Among them nearly 1,5 million consumed at least 24 liters of pure alcohol annually, i.e. at least one bottle of vodka per six days. This group of drinkers represented only 5 per cent of the adult population, but consumed nearly 40 per cent of all alcohol in the country. It was stated before that only about half of the total amount of alcohol consumed was accounted for by the survey based on the RS. The most important reason for the underreporting seems to be, apart from forgetting and concealing, the underrepresentation of heavy drinkers in the sample. Because of this, it is likely that the group of drinkers who consume at least 24 liters of pure alcohol annually is considerably more numerous, and that they probably drink even a greater proportion of all alcohol consumed in the country.   Drinkers, Abstainers, Teetolaters   Who is a teetotaler seems self-evident and not requiring special consideration only as long, however, as the responds from the general population are not asked what their understanding of the term is. In one of the recent Polish general pop lation surveys this question was addressed and some surprising results were obtained. Although 69 per cent of the respondents considered a teetotaler somebody who has not been drinking any beverages containing alcohol, there were also persons having other opinions in this matter. As many as l5 per cent described a teetotaler as a person who drinks small quantities of alcohol, infrequently, a few times a year only, and further 2 per cent described a teetotaler as a person who does not drink vodka. In order to avoid this issue, in the questionnaire applied both the QS and to the RS, a question was asked whether the respondent had been drinking any alcoholic beverages during the last 12 months preceding the interview. Those who responded in the negative are considered to be teetotalers. Those who have not been drinking a particular beverage are called abstainers, i.e. abstaining refers only to not drinking a particular beverage. This means, that according to this definition abstainers include persons who drink as well as those who do not. Consequently, all teetotalers are abstainers, but among the latter there also drinkers (of some beverages). According to the terminology adopted here only drinkers who consume all kinds of alcoholic beverages listed in the questionnaire can not be called abstainers. The beverage consumed by most Poles is vodka. According to the RS only 28 per cent of the respondents abstained from drinking vodka (12 per cent of men and 42 per cent of women). In this respect the differences between the QS and the RS were not significant. In the case of all other beverages the RS produced significantly higher estimates of the fraction of abstainers than the QS. According to the RS, 65 per cent of respondents do not drink beer (46 per cent of men and 82 per cent of women), 68 per cent do not drink wine purchased (46 per cent of men and 71 per cent of women), and 78 per cent do not drink home made wine (75 per cent of men and 81 per cent of women). The QS and the RS are in concordance on a number of points. Firstly, on the degree of popularity of the various alcoholic beverages. Judging from the size of the fraction of abstainers, spirits is the most widely consumed beverage, followed by beer, wine purchased, and home made wine. Secondly, there are consistently more drinkers among men than among women; only in the case of home made wine is the difference in the size of the fraction of drinkers among men and women not significant. Thirdly, more than half of women drink spirits, i. e. many more than any other alcoholic beverage. It contradicts the belief, widely held in Poland, that vodka is a man’s and wine a woman’s beverage. Fourthly, abstaining from any beverage is equally spread in rural as in urban areas. It illustrates the process of unification of behaviour patterns in Poland, or as it is sometimes formulated – of the urbanization of rural culture, and ruralization of the urban life styles. The size of the fraction of abstainers is, irrespective of the beverage, closely related to the age of the respondents. The older the respondent – starting from the 20–29 age group – the larger the fraction of abstainers. Drinking is also related to the level of education attained. In the case of spirits, wine purchased, and home made wine, the higher the respondents educational attainment the greater the fraction of drinkers. It corresponds to the observation made in a number of countries, according to which the higher the social status – the smaller the fraction of abstainers, the grater the frequency of drinking, and the smaller the amount consumed on one occasion. The above relationship do not apply to beer, which in Poland seems to be a beverage consumed primarily by blue–collar workers. The QS and the RS show the same pattern of results between drinking and living in rural versus urban communities as found for age and level of education of the respondent. Finally, the teetotalers differ markedly from the drinkers. Here again the results of the QS and RS are in harmony. There are significantly more teetotalers among women than among men, and in the age group 40 years old and over (in particular – among those 60 years old and over). There are also more teetotalers among less educated than more educated, and among unqualified blue–collar workers and peasants than among qualified blue–collar workers and white–collar employees.   Concluding Remarks   There has been a prospective change in the sampling method used in Polish alcohol consumption surveys. This called into question the feasibility of long term trend analysis of the drinking habits prevailing in Poland. In order to dispel the arising doubts, the present inquiry has been carried out comparing the results of the new sampling method (primarily relying on the use of random samples) with the prior method which utilized quota samples. In this project, the same questions relating to drinking practices were put to two groups of respondents. One consisted of a quota sample (QS; n =1808), and the other of a random sample (RS; n = 882) of the adult population. The comparison of results from the two samples leads to the following two observations. Firstly, the numerical values of various parameters characterizing drinking practices, such as the overall consumption level and that of particular beverages, or that of quantities imbibed on one occasion, etc., differ in the QS and the RS. In a number of instances these differences are statistically significant. The results based on the RS suggest a somewhat lower level of alcohol consumption than the ones based on the QS, and shift the coverage rate slightly below 50 per cent. Secondly, the QS and the RS generated very similar pictures of drinking patterns prevailing in Poland, in terms of the kinds of beverages consumed, interrelationship between the various beverages consumed, concentration of consumption, and social traits of people drinking more and drinking less alcohol. The general conclusion emerging from the research project described here can be formulated as follows. The QS provided a fairly true picture of the drinking practices in Poland, however, in order to establish the long term trends in these practices, it is necessary to take into account the corrections stemming from the estimates derived from the RS.
Źródło:
Archiwum Kryminologii; 1992, XVIII; 213-228
0066-6890
2719-4280
Pojawia się w:
Archiwum Kryminologii
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Skala Bilansu Decyzyjnego – polska adaptacja i zastosowanie w badaniach osób uzależnionych od alkoholu
Decisional Balance Scale – Polish adaptation and application in research of alcohol addicted
Autorzy:
Chodkiewicz, Jan
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1178429.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Kazimierza Wielkiego w Bydgoszczy
Tematy:
Alcohol and Drugs Decisional Balance Scale
Polish adaptation
alcohol addiction
Opis:
The aim of the presented study was to conduct a Polish adaptation of the Decisional Balance Scale by W. Velicer et al. The attempt was also made to answer a question about the differences in the area of decisional balance in addicts who complete or break therapy, continue abstinence after treatment and those who return to drinking. Research was conducted on 397 alcohol addicted persons who begin a therapy. Patients who completed treatment were retested in the last week of stay at the Centre. A group of people maintaining abstinence one year after the start of therapy and those who returned to drinking were distinguished. The Decisional Balance Scale by Velicer et al. and the Motivation Questionnaire to Maintain Abstinence from Alcohol by Ziółkowski were used. Results. The Polish version of the Scale was found to be reliable and valid method. Principal component analysis identified 2 factors (like in original version). Differences within a single dimension of decisional balance between people who completed and those who broke therapy were noted. In the course of therapy an increase in decisional balance scale, advantage of arguments against drinking was proved.
Źródło:
Polskie Forum Psychologiczne; 2013, XVIII, 3; 319-332
1642-1043
Pojawia się w:
Polskie Forum Psychologiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Genese, Verlauf und Symptome der Alkoholkrankheit am Beispiel des Romans Der Trinker von Hans Fallada
Autorzy:
Łyjak, Konrad
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2089984.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-09-25
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie
Tematy:
alcohol addiction
alcohol disease stages
Hans Fallada
symptoms of alcoholism
Opis:
The aim of this article is to analyze the alcohol addiction of Erwin Sommer, the main character in the novel The Drinker by Hans Fallada. This article focuses solely on his alcohol-related problems, and not on that of his temporary stay in prison or in sanatorium. The analysis of Sommer’s alcohol addiction is based not only on literary studies and the biography of the writer but most of all on current medical studies concerning alcoholism. I also compare Erwin Sommer with another classic figure with respect to literature about alcoholism – Jack London and his famous autobiographical novel John Barleycorn. Although the symptoms of alcoholism by Erwin Sommer are actually typical, the aetiology of his alcohol addiction is not so obvious. For this reason, I attempt to discover the real genesis of his disease. The basis of my considerations are, among others, the classification of alcohol disease stages, developed by E. M. Jellinek, the precursor of alcoholism studies, the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems ICD-10 created by the World Health Organisation (WHO) and the S3-Guideline, published by the Association of the Scientific Medical Societies, German Society of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, Psychosomatics and Neurology, and German Society of Addiction Studies and Addiction Therapy. In current scientific articles and studies about alcohol-related problems, one can find plenty of details which are very helpful to fully understand Hans Fallada’s life and his fascinating and frightening report about the social, financial and personal fall of a human being.
Źródło:
Acta Neophilologica; 2021, 2, XXIII; 195-206
1509-1619
Pojawia się w:
Acta Neophilologica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Health and life hazards related to aggressive behaviour of patients diagnosed with alcohol abstinence syndrome
Zagrożenia zdrowia i życia powiązane z agresywnym zachowaniem pacjentów ze zdiagnozowanym alkoholowym zespołem abstynencyjnym
Autorzy:
Mitał, Marcin
Rzeźnicki, Adam
Stelmach, Włodzimierz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/940987.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Medical Communications
Tematy:
aggression
alcohol
alcohol withdrawal syndrome
delirium
agresja
alkoholowy zespół abstynencyjny
Opis:
Alcohol withdrawal syndrome is one of the most serious disorders resulting from alcohol addiction. Moreover, this disorder may cause complications such as hallucinations including delirium. Doctors and paramedics dealing with patients very often face aggressive behaviour. The aim of the study was to investigate the scale of that phenomenon and characterize it. The study included the analysis of patients’ medical documentation with diagnosed alcohol abstinence syndrome at the time of admission. Research confirmed that the aggressive behaviour occurred in 25% of cases. It occurred most frequently in case of delirium, and was directed to the patient’s environment. Conclusions: 1) Aggressive behaviour is quite a serious problem that affected every fourth patient being tested. The reasons can be different, but the crew of ambulances and doctors from hospital wards must be attentive and prepared for all kinds of violent behaviour, not only towards them, but to the patient himself also. 2) Aggressive behaviour was observed more frequently in the event of alcoholic delirium. 3) Aggression demonstrated by the patients with alcohol abstinence syndrome is addressed in almost ⅔ of the cases to the environment of the patient.
Alkoholowy zespół abstynencyjny jest jednym z najpoważniejszych zaburzeń wynikających z uzależnienia od alkoholu. Dodatkowo w trakcie jego przebiegu może dojść do powikłań z wystąpieniem halucynacji oraz pełnoobjawowym majaczeniem alkoholowym włącznie. Lekarze i ratownicy medyczni w kontaktach z takimi pacjentami często spotykają się z agresywnym zachowaniem. Celem pracy było zbadanie skali wspomnianego zjawiska oraz próba jego scharakteryzowania. Badania polegały na analizie kart chorobowych pacjentów z rozpoznanym, w chwili przyjęcia, alkoholowym zespołem abstynencyjnym. Z badań tych wynikało, że zachowania agresywne występowały w 25% przypadków. Najczęściej agresja była skierowana na otoczenie pacjenta i dotyczyła majaczenia alkoholowego. Wnioski: 1) Agresywne zachowanie jest dość poważnym problemem, występującym u co czwartego badanego pacjenta. Przyczyny tego stanu bywają różne, a członkowie załóg karetek pogotowia i lekarze oddziałów szpitalnych muszą być uważni i przygotowani na różnego rodzaju gwałtowne zachowania, skierowane nie tylko na personel, ale także na samego pacjenta. 2) Agresywne zachowanie było obserwowane zdecydowanie częściej w przypadku majaczenia alkoholowego. 3) Agresja pacjentów z alkoholowym zespołem abstynencyjnym skierowana jest w blisko ⅔ przypadków na otoczenie pacjenta.
Źródło:
Psychiatria i Psychologia Kliniczna; 2016, 16, 2; 86-90
1644-6313
2451-0645
Pojawia się w:
Psychiatria i Psychologia Kliniczna
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Occupational position and alcohol use disorders in Poland
Autorzy:
Bujalski, Michał
Moskalewicz, Jacek
Stokwiszewski, Jakub
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2095512.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-09-03
Wydawca:
Instytut Medycyny Pracy im. prof. dra Jerzego Nofera w Łodzi
Tematy:
alcohol
Polska
gender
occupational status
alcohol use disorders
occupational structure
Opis:
ObjectivesThe following analysis covers the role of the occupational structure in the prevalence of alcohol use disorders (AUDs). The authors investigated whether the occupational position affected the prevalence of AUDs among men and women, and how this relationship varied in lifetime and past year periods.Material and MethodsData were taken from the General Population Survey on Mental Health in Poland (EZOP) utilizing the Composite International Diagnostic Interview questionnaire (N = 2806). Binary and multiple regression models were employed to assess the risk of AUDs adjusted for the occupational structure and socio-demographic variables.ResultsThe occupational position affects the prevalence of AUDs in men, while it has no impact on AUDs in women. Skilled and non-skilled workers suffer from AUDs to a greater extent than those in higher occupational positions. However, the risk of alcohol harm in women seems to be equally distributed across the occupational structure.ConclusionsThe uneven pattern of alcohol harm in men and women can be possibly explained by shifting working conditions and work environments, as well as traditional gender roles affecting alcohol behaviors. The findings of the study support further development of the occupational position concept in alcohol research. The problem of harmful alcohol drinking in women across the occupational structure warrants a more in-depth inquiry.
Źródło:
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health; 2021, 34, 5; 591-602
1232-1087
1896-494X
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The diagnosis of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder
Autorzy:
Jablonský, Tomáš
Okálová, Oľga
Juszczyk, Stanisław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2011322.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015-12-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
Fetal Alcohol Spectrum disorder
diagnosis
treatment
prevention
Slovakia
Opis:
Prenatal exposure of a child to alcohol may cause Fetal Alcohol Syndrome or Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FAS/FASD). As a result, the affected child may exhibit lower intellect, neurosensory disorders, hyperactivity, executive functions disorder, abstract thinking and behaviour disorders combined with growth disorders and facial dysmorphia. In addition, undiagnosed and untreated children may suffer from serious secondary and tertiary disabilities. The aim of this paper is to provide a research overview of practical information about FAS/FASD syndrome, a presentation of the 4-Digit Diagnostic Code method and a sample of the research results by the first Centre of Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention of FAS in Slovakia.
Źródło:
The New Educational Review; 2015, 42; 112-122
1732-6729
Pojawia się w:
The New Educational Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 380

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