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    Wyświetlanie 1-12 z 12
    Tytuł:
    Recent progress in 1 MJ Plasma-Focus research
    Autorzy:
    Scholz, M.
    Karpiński, L.
    Paduch, M.
    Tomaszewski, K.
    Miklaszewski, R.
    Szydlowski, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/147553.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2001
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
    Tematy:
    neutron emission
    plasma focus
    scaling laws
    soft X-ray radiation
    Opis:
    The paper reports on actual operational characteristics of the PF-1000 facility and it presents results of the first neutron experiments performed with a new set of large Mather-type electrodes, which were designed for shots up to 1000 kJ. Dynamics of a current-sheath was studied by means of two high-speed streak cameras and a two-frame camera. The last one was used for the side-on observation of the pinch column. The high-speed streak pictures were taken side-on behind slits oriented in the radial or axial direction. On the basis of the pictures taken behind the radial slit, average values of the radial compression and expansion velocities were estimated. Time-resolved X-ray signals were measured with PIN diodes covered by different filters, and they were compared with other traces (voltage waveforms, dI/dt signals, and neutron-induced pulses) in order to determine their correlation. The total neutron yield (Ytot), i.e. the number of neutrons produced during a single discharge and emitted in various directions, was measured by means of several silver-activation detectors placed at different angles around the PF-1000 experimental chamber.
    Źródło:
    Nukleonika; 2001, 46, 1; 35-39
    0029-5922
    1508-5791
    Pojawia się w:
    Nukleonika
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Reproducibility conditions for the pulsed X-ray emission in a vacuum spark discharge
    Autorzy:
    Georgescu, N.
    Serbãnescu, C. G.
    Sandolache, G.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/148262.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2001
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
    Tematy:
    plasma focus
    reproducibility
    vacuum spark
    X-ray emission
    Opis:
    In our laboratory, a 1 kJ vacuum spark device is developed as a pulsed X-ray source for X-ray detector calibration and applications such as X-ray microscopy and microlithography. After our previous works for the X-ray emission maximization (up to around 10 J per pulse), this paper analyses the influence of four different triggering systems on the X-ray emission reproducibility. The main conclusion is that a high-power, very fast high voltage trigger pulse is required. In order to fulfill these conditions, a pulse transformer and an air spark gap have been added to the initial triggering device (a magnetic pulse compression circuit). With the new trigger pulse (20 J/pulse, 50 ns rise-time, 22 kV amplitude in an open circuit) a reasonable X-ray emission reproducibility is obtained.
    Źródło:
    Nukleonika; 2001, 46, suppl. 1; 17-20
    0029-5922
    1508-5791
    Pojawia się w:
    Nukleonika
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    PF-6 an effective plasma focus as a source of ionizing radiation and plasma streams for application in material technology, biology and medicine
    Autorzy:
    Gribkov, V.
    Dubrovsky, A.
    Scholz, M.
    Jednorog, S.
    Karpiński, L.
    Tomaszewski, K.
    Paduch, M.
    Miklaszewski, R.
    Pimenov, V.
    Ivanov, L. I.
    Dyomina, E. V.
    Maslyaev, S. A.
    Orlova, M. A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/147424.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2006
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
    Tematy:
    dense plasma focus (DPF)
    ion beam
    plasma beam
    X-ray beams
    surface damage
    microlithography
    radioenzymology
    positron emission tomography (PET)
    Opis:
    A review of results on the design and operation of the new efficient Dense Plasma Focus device PF-6 of medium size (transportable) having bank energy of ca. 7 kJ and possessing a long lifetime is presented. New data on the interaction of the pulsed fast ion beams and dense plasma streams generated at this apparatus with various materials are given. These results are compared with the analogous information received at the biggest facility PF-1000. It is shown that it is possible to have about the same power flux density (in the range of 105 109 W/cm2) in both devices however in different areas. Doses of soft X-rays produced by the device within the resists for the goals of microlithography and micromachining appear to be several times less that it is with the conventional X-ray tube. In biological application of this device, medium- and hard-energy X-rays are exploited in the field of radioenzymology. It was found that the necessary dose producing activation/inactivation of enzymes can be by several orders of magnitude lower if used at a high-power flux density in comparison with those received with isotope sources. In medicine, short-life isotope production for the goals of the positron emission tomography (medicine diagnostics) is possible by means of the fast ions generated within DPF. All these experiments are discussed in the framework of pulsed radiation physics and chemistry in its perfect sense thereto the criteria are formulated.
    Źródło:
    Nukleonika; 2006, 51, 1; 55-62
    0029-5922
    1508-5791
    Pojawia się w:
    Nukleonika
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Elemental composition of fly ash: a comparative study using nuclear and related analytical techniques
    Skład pierwiastkowy popiołów lotnych: studium przypadku z wykorzystaniem metod nuklearnych i analitycznych
    Autorzy:
    Eze, C. P.
    Fatoba, O.
    Madzivire, G.
    Ostrovnaya, T. M.
    Petrik, L. F.
    Frontasyeva, M. V.
    Nechaev, A. N.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/106537.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Towarzystwo Chemii i Inżynierii Ekologicznej
    Tematy:
    coal fly ash
    epithermal neutron activation analysis
    X-ray diffraction
    inductively coupled-optical emission spectroscopy
    and laser ablation inductively coupled-mass spectroscopy
    popioły lotne z węgla
    epitermalna neutronowa analiza aktywacyjna
    dyfrakcja rentgenowska
    optyczna spektroskopia emisyjna indukcyjnie sprzężona
    ablacja laserowa indukcyjnie sprzężona ze spektroskopią masową
    Opis:
    Epithermal neutron activation analysis along with ICP-OES, LA ICP-MS, and XRF were used to determine the elemental composition of coal fly ash from the Malta coal power station in the Mpumalanga province of South Africa. A total of 54 major, trace and rare earth elements were obtained by the four analytical techniques. The results were compared and the discrepancies discussed to show the merits and drawbacks of each of the techniques. It was shown that the elemental content of this particular coal fly ash are of the same order as the NIST standard reference material Coal Fly Ash 1633b.
    W celu określenia składu pierwiastkowego popiołów lotnych z elektrowni węglowej Malta w prowincji Mpumalanga w Republice Południowej Afryki wykorzystano epitermalną, neutronową analizę aktywacyjną oraz ICP-OES, LA ICP-MS i XRF. Za pomocą czterech techniki analitycznych oznaczono stężenia 54 głównych i śladowych pierwiastków oraz pierwiastków ziem rzadkich. Wyniki porównano, a także opisano różnice pokazujące zalety oraz wady każdej z wykorzystanych metod. Wykazano, że skład pierwiastkowy popiołu lotnego jest porównywalny ze składem standardowego materiału odniesienia NIST Węgiel Popiół Lotny 1633b.
    Źródło:
    Chemistry-Didactics-Ecology-Metrology; 2013, 18, 1-2; 19-29
    2084-4506
    Pojawia się w:
    Chemistry-Didactics-Ecology-Metrology
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Surface Properties of Particles Emitted from Selected Coal-Fired Heating Plants and Electric Power Stations in Poland : Preliminary Results
    Autorzy:
    Pastuszka, J.S.
    Konieczyński, J.
    Talik, E.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/205429.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    particulates emission
    coal-fired power
    heating station
    surface chemical composition
    X-ray
    photoelectron spectroscopy
    XPS
    specific absorption
    Opis:
    The surface properties of particles emitted from six selected coal-fired power and heating plants in Poland have been studied in this work for the first time. Samples were collected beyond the control systems. Surface composition of the size-distributed particles was obtained by photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The reflection of the smallest, submicron particles was also measured to calculate their specific/mass absorption. The surface layer of the emitted particles was clearly dominated by oxygen, followed by silicon and carbon. The sum of the relative concentration of these elements was between 85.1% and 91.1% for coarse particles and 71.8–93.4% for fine/submicron particles. Aluminum was typically the fourth or fifth, or at least the sixth most common element. The mass absorption of the submicron particles emitted from the studied plants ranged from 0.02 m2g-1 to 0.03 m2g-1. Only specific absorption obtained for the “Nowy Wirek” heating plant was significantly higher than in other studied plants probably because the obsolete fire grate is used in this heating plant. The obtained results suggest that the power/heating-plant-emitted fine particles contain less carbonaceous material/elemental carbon on their surfaces than those that are typical in urban air.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Environmental Protection; 2014, 40, 3; 13-27
    2083-4772
    2083-4810
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Environmental Protection
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Recent measurements of soft X-ray emission from the DPF-1000U facility
    Autorzy:
    Surała, W.
    Sadowski, M. J.
    Paduch, M.
    Zielinska, E.
    Tomaszewski, K.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/148171.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
    Tematy:
    plasma focus
    X-ray emission
    X-ray images
    gas puffing
    filaments
    hot spots
    Opis:
    Soft X-ray imaging is a very useful diagnostic technique in plasma-focus (PF) experiments. This paper reports results of four experimental sessions which were carried out at the DPF-1000U plasma-focus facility in 2013 and 2014. Over 200 discharges were performed at various experimental conditions. Measurements were taken using two X-ray pinhole cameras with a line of sight perpendicular to the z-axis, at different azimuthal angles (about 20° and 200°), and looking towards the centre of the PF-pinch column. They were equipped with diaphragms 1000 μm or 200–300 μm in diameter and coated with filters of 500 μm Al foil and 10 μm Be foil, respectively. Data on the neutron emission were collected with silver activation counters. For time-resolved measurements the use was made of four PIN diodes equipped with various fi lters and oriented towards the centre of the PF-column, in the direction perpendicular to the electrode axis. The recorded X-ray images revealed that when the additional gas-puff system is activated during the discharge, the stability of the discharge is improved. The data collected in these experiments confi rmed the appearance of a filamentary fi ne structure in the PF discharges. In the past years the formation of such fi laments was observed in many Z-pinch type experiments. Some of the recorded X-ray images have also revealed the appearance of the so-called hot- -spots, i.e. small plasma regions of a very intense X-ray emission. Such a phenomenon was observed before in many PF experiments, e.g. in the MAJA-PF device, but it has not been investigated so far in a large facility such as the DPF-1000U. The time-resolved measurements provided the evidence of a time lapse between the X-ray emission from plasma regions located at different distance from the anode surface. The formation of distinct ‘hot-spots’ in different instants of the DPF-1000U discharge was also observed.
    Źródło:
    Nukleonika; 2015, 60, 2; 303-308
    0029-5922
    1508-5791
    Pojawia się w:
    Nukleonika
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Measurements of fast electron beams and soft X-ray emission from plasma-focus experiments
    Autorzy:
    Surała, W.
    Sadowski, M. J.
    Kwiatkowski, R.
    Jakubowski, L.
    Żebrowski, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/147850.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
    Tematy:
    electron beams
    X-ray emission
    plasma focus
    hot spots
    Opis:
    The paper reports results of the recent experimental studies of pulsed electron beams and soft X-rays in plasma-focus (PF) experiments carried out within a modifi ed PF-360U facility at the NCBJ, Poland. Particular attention was focused on time-resolved measurements of the fast electron beams by means of two different magnetic analyzers, which could record electrons of energy ranging from about 41 keV to about 715 keV in several (6 or 8) measuring channels. For discharges performed with the pure deuterium fi lling, many strong electron signals were recorded in all the measuring channels. Those signals were well correlated with the fi rst hard X-ray pulse detected by an external scintillation neutron-counter. In some of the analyzer channels, electron spikes (lasting about dozens of nanoseconds) and appearing in different instants after the current peculiarity (so-called current dip) were also recorded. For several discharges, fast ion beams, which were emitted along the z-axis and recorded with nuclear track detectors, were also investigated. Those measurements confi rmed a multibeam character of the ion emission. The time-integrated soft X-ray images, which were taken side-on by means of a pinhole camera and sensitive X-ray fi lms, showed the appearance of some fi lamentary structures and so-called hot spots. The application of small amounts of admixtures of different heavy noble gases, i.e. of argon (4.8% volumetric), krypton (1.6% volumetric), or xenon (0.8% volumetric), decreased intensity of the recorded electron beams, but increased intensity of the soft X-ray emission and showed more distinct and numerous hot spots. The recorded electron spikes have been explained as signals produced by quasi-mono-energetic microbeams emitted from tiny sources (probably plasma diodes), which can be formed near the observed hot spots.
    Źródło:
    Nukleonika; 2016, 61, 2; 161-167
    0029-5922
    1508-5791
    Pojawia się w:
    Nukleonika
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Analiza składu chemicznego i fazowego cienkich warstw metalicznych
    Autorzy:
    Lukaszkowicz, K.
    Staszuk, M.
    Nuckowski, P.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/274354.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Roble
    Tematy:
    dyfraktometria rentgenowska
    XPS
    spektroskopia fotoelektronów w zakresie promieniowania X
    GDS/GDOES
    emisyjna spektroskopia optyczna z wyładowaniem jarzeniowym
    cienkie warstwy metaliczne
    X-ray diffractometry
    x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
    glow discharge optical emission spectrometry
    metallic thin layers
    Źródło:
    LAB Laboratoria, Aparatura, Badania; 2017, 22, 5; 24-29
    1427-5619
    Pojawia się w:
    LAB Laboratoria, Aparatura, Badania
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The Enlargement of Type II Burst After Type III at AR 12522 on 16th March 2016 In Conjunction With Flare-Related Coronal Mass Ejections Event
    Autorzy:
    Husien, Nurulhazwani
    Hamidi, Z. S.
    Shariff, N. N. M.
    Ali, M. O.
    Zainol, N. H.
    Sabri, S. N. U.
    Monstein, C.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1178545.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN
    Tematy:
    Coronal Mass Ejections
    Sun
    X-ray emission
    Opis:
    On 16th March 2016 the solar radio burst type II is recorded to appear on spectrograph after the type III formation. These two bursts related to the Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) event that recorded by the SOHO spacecraft several minutes before the formation of Type III on the spectrograph. It has been reported that the Type III burst a fast drift compared to the Type II burst. In this paper, the calculation has been proved that the type III burst has a higher drift rate compared to Type II. These two events of Type II and III burst also has been contributing to the formation of C class flare with magnitude of C2.2 It is also proven that the type III burst has a fast drift rate compared to type II burst. In this case, the type III has a fast drift rate of 81% compared to the type II burst. During this event, the active region AR 12522 erupted the C-class X-ray emission with magnitude of C2.2 contribute to these type III and II burst
    Źródło:
    World Scientific News; 2017, 70, 2; 230-240
    2392-2192
    Pojawia się w:
    World Scientific News
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Synthesis and Characterization of Co-Cs-Nd-Sr-Doped Perovskite-Rutile-Type Structure
    Autorzy:
    Smolinski, T.
    Zhao, L.
    Rogowski, M.
    Wawszczak, D.
    Olczak, T.
    Brykala, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/355628.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    Synroc
    X-ray diffraction
    Rutherford backscattering
    particle induced X-ray emission
    Roentgen computed microtomography
    Opis:
    The perovskite type matrix is considered as solidification material for high-level radioactive waste. In this work the perovskite-rutile-type matrix doped by Co, Cs, Nd and Sr which simulate nuclear waste was prepared by sol-gel route. The material was characterized by several methods such as: X-ray diffraction, energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer, and particle induced X-ray emission combined with Rutherford backscattering spectrometry. The analyzes confirmed chemical composition Co-Cs-Nd-Sr-doped perovskite-rutile-type structure. A virtual model of the pellet`s structure was created non-destructively by Roentgen computed micro-tomography. The leaching tests confirmed high chemical resistance of the matrix.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2020, 65, 4; 1417-1423
    1733-3490
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Druga rewolucja w konstrukcji lamp rentgenowskich
    The second revolution in the design of X-ray tubes
    Autorzy:
    Jezierski, Grzegorz
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2171856.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2022
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
    Tematy:
    lampa wyładowcza
    lampa rentgenowska Coolidge’a
    źródło elektronów
    termoemisja
    emisja polowa
    nanotechnologia MEMS
    nanorurki węglowe
    mikroostrze
    discharge tubes
    Coolidge X-ray tube
    electron source
    thermoemission
    field emission
    MEMS
    nanotechnology
    carbon nanotubes
    micro-tips
    Opis:
    W artykule przedstawiono najnowsze osiągnięcia w konstrukcji lamp rentgenowskich, które można określić drugą rewolucją. Mianowicie podstawowy problem jaki stwarzają dotychczasowe rozwiązania wynikające ze stosowania termicznego źródła elektronów (m.in. problem chłodzenia, sterowania pracą lampy) został rozwiązany poprzez wykorzystanie nanotechnologii do konstrukcji innowacyjnych źródeł elektronów w oparciu o emisję polową (nanorurki węglowe czy mikro-ostrza).
    The article presents the latest achievements in the design of X-ray tubes, which can be described as the second revolution. Namely, the basic problem posed by the current solutions resulting from the use of a thermal electron source (including the problem of cooling, tubes control) has been solved by using nanotechnology to construct innovative electron sources based on field emission (carbon nanotubes or micro-tips).
    Źródło:
    Postępy Techniki Jądrowej; 2022, 4; 23--30
    0551-6846
    Pojawia się w:
    Postępy Techniki Jądrowej
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Pre-treatment effect on the structure of bacterial cellulose from Nata de Coco (Acetobacter xylinum)
    Wpływ wstępnej obróbki na strukturę celulozy bakteryjnej z Nata de Coco (Acetobacter xylinum)
    Autorzy:
    Rusdi, Rusaini Athirah Ahmad
    Halim, Norhana Abdul
    Nurazzi, Mohd Norizan
    Abidin, Zul Hazrin Zainal
    Abdullah, Norli
    Che Ros, Fadhlina
    Ahmad, Nurazlin
    Azmi, Ahmad Farid Mohd
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2088276.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2022
    Wydawca:
    Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Chemii Przemysłowej
    Tematy:
    bacterial cellulose
    structure
    X-ray diffraction
    Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
    field emission scanning electron microscopy
    celuloza bakteryjna
    struktura
    dyfrakcja rentgenowska
    spektroskopia w podczerwieni z transformacją Fouriera
    skaningowa mikroskopia elektronowa z emisją polową
    Opis:
    This paper presents a structural analysis of various methods to produce bacterial cellulose (BC) from Nata de Coco (Acetobacter xylinum). BC sheet, BC chem and BC mech powders were successfully prepared using oven drying, chemical and mechanical treatment. The X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) were used to analyze the structure of prepared BC. The structure of bacterial cellulose was compared with the structure of commercial microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) and cotton fabric. The XRD results showed that the BC sheet sample had the highest degree of crystallinity (81.76%) compared to cotton cellulose (75.73%). The crystallite size of cotton was larger than the BC sheet, with the value of 6.83 ηm and 4.55 ηm, respectively. The peaks in the FTIR spectra of all BC were comparable to the commercial MCC and cotton fabrics. FESEM images showed that the prepared BC sheet, BC mech, and BC chem had an almost similar structure like commercial MCC and cotton fabric. It was concluded that simple preparation of BC could be implemented and used for further BC preparation as reinforcement in polymer composites, especially in food packaging.
    Niniejszy artykuł zawiera analizę struktury celulozy bakteryjnej (BC) wytworzonej z Nata de Coco (Acetobacter xylinum) różnymi metodami. Folia BC i proszki BC chem oraz BC mech zo -stały wytworzone poprzez suszenie w piecu, obróbkę chemiczną i mechaniczną. Do oceny struktury celulozy bakteryjnej stosowano dyfrakcję rentgenowską (XRD), spektroskopię Fouriera w podczerwieni (FTIR) i skaningową mikroskopię elektronową z emisją polową (FESEM). Strukturę celulozy bakteryjnej porównano ze strukturą handlowej celulozy mikrokrystalicznej (MCC) i tkaniny bawełnianej. Wyniki XRD wykazały, że najwyższy stopień krystaliczności miała próbka arkusza BC (81,76%) w porównaniu z celulozą bawełnianą (75,73%). Wielkość krystalitów bawełny była większa niż folii BC i wynosiła, odpowiednio, 6,83 ηm oraz 4,55 ηm. Piki widm FTIR wszystkich otrzymanych form celulozy bakteryjnej były porównywalne z komercyjnymi tkaninami bawełnianymi i z celulozy mikrokrystalicznej. Zdjęcia FESEM folii BC oraz proszków BC mech i BC chem również były podobne do komercyjnej MCC i tkaniny bawełnianej. Stwierdzono, że z wykorzystaniem prostych technik można otrzymać BC, która może być stosowana jako wzmocnienie w kompozytach polimerowych, w szczególności w opakowaniach do żywności.
    Źródło:
    Polimery; 2022, 67, 3; 110--118
    0032-2725
    Pojawia się w:
    Polimery
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
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