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Tytuł:
Instruments for the Protection of Victims of Natural Disasters in Polish Tax Law
Autorzy:
Goettel, Aleksy
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1375198.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Wyższa Szkoła Policji w Szczytnie
Tematy:
tax
tax preferences
tax exemption
Opis:
The destructive impact of natural disasters (and other random events that are usually difficult to predict) is increasingly being felt in all areas of the functioning of modern states. The governments of those countries (often in cooperation with local authorities) take various measures to prevent such events and to minimise their consequences, including helping victims of their occurrence. One way to achieve some of the above intentions – although certainly not of fundamental importance – is the use of tax law instruments, in particular tax preferences. This study is an attempt to analyse and assess these provisions of tax law that allow victims of natural disasters to benefit from preferential tax rules. The study discusses the tax instruments used to help victims of natural disasters used by tax authorities. The analysis shows that the system of tax instruments protecting victims of natural disasters is largely based on discretionary solutions, used only as a result of an appropriate procedure followed by a formal decision of an authorised body (legal act or decision). In light of the studies carried out, it can be concluded in general that the system of tax instruments to protect persons affected by natural disasters requires certain measures to improve its effectiveness. Certain requests in this regard, addressed to the legislature, were generally indicated in the study. The article also presents some specific issues related to the interpretation of of the regulations under consideration, including some editorial and terminology doubts.
Źródło:
Internal Security; 2020, 12(2); 101-114
2080-5268
Pojawia się w:
Internal Security
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Efektywność szacowania podstawy opodatkowania
Efficiency of the tax base assessment
Autorzy:
Ginter, Michał
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/569974.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu
Tematy:
tax
tax gap
tax revenues
Opis:
Avoiding paying taxes, if is becomes a common phenomenon, inevitably leads to the collapse of public finances. The aim of this publication is to discuss basic tax estimation, the presentation of the essence of the matter and its efficiency evaluation. The important part of the publication is an analysis of the effectiveness of estimating the tax base on the basis of information provided by a representative group of tax offices. The study included the results of the study group offices in the 2007–2011 period. The paper also evaluated the effectiveness of estimating the tax base in the light of the case law of administrative courts. The study shows the small importance of the institution of estimating a tax base as an effective mechanism for reducing the tax gap in Poland. This shows the need for a further reform of the Polish tax system, to simplify tax structure.
Źródło:
Ekonomia XXI Wieku; 2015, 2 (6); 55-69
2353-8929
Pojawia się w:
Ekonomia XXI Wieku
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Tax management in an enterprise
Autorzy:
Król, Sylwia
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1177364.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN
Tematy:
tax optimization
tax planning
tax risk
tax strategy
Opis:
Every business sets goals for itself in the course of its operations. One of them is to maintain financial liquidity and strive for profit optimization. It is worth noting, however, that in achieving these goals, taxes play a decisive role. One of the problems that arise in managing an enterprise is a considerable tax burden that affects the company's financial problems. However, in the Polish tax law system, there are ways that give the entrepreneur the opportunity to choose the place of running a business, how to settle taxes, and the possibility of deciding on the legal form of economic activity. Each of these choices affects the size of tax burdens and the financial situation of a given enterprise.
Źródło:
World Scientific News; 2018, 104; 299-312
2392-2192
Pojawia się w:
World Scientific News
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Controlling the tax burden of the enterprise in the reality of Ukrainian legislation
Autorzy:
Alyeksyeyev, Ihor
Paranchuk, Stepan
Chervinska, Oksana
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/949677.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu
Tematy:
tax system
the tax burden
tax planning
tax optimization
tax incentives
Opis:
The essence of the “tax burden” is revealed in the paper. The formulas for the determination of an integral and particular tax burden for businesses, who pay taxes on the common system of taxation, are offered. Some measures of optimization of the tax burden in order to stimulate entrepreneurial activity of domestic enterprises, including local and macroeconomic optimization measures, are proposed. The tax burden on enterprise in the form of tax rates in other countries is also presented.
Źródło:
Financial Sciences. Nauki o Finansach; 2018, 23, 1; 22-32
2080-5993
2449-9811
Pojawia się w:
Financial Sciences. Nauki o Finansach
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Tax changes in the Czech Republic in the COVID-19 pandemic
Autorzy:
Zelenská, Taťána
Bellová, Jana
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2129153.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-09-09
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II
Tematy:
real estate tax
road tax
income tax
value added tax
excise tax
Opis:
The covid-19 pandemic has since March 2020 led to declarations of several states of emergency, to shutting down of schools, restrictions on gatherings as well as many business activities, with the aim to stopping the spread and transfer of the virus. Apart from the program of compensation bonuses, program Antivirus, postponing of the electronic sales record and so on, the state has reacted to the situation through tax legislation.The presented paper defines some steps as a result of the pandemic that are connected to tax law, these being specifically real estate tax, road tax, value added tax and excise tax.
Źródło:
Review of European and Comparative Law; 2022, 50, 3; 163-179
2545-384X
Pojawia się w:
Review of European and Comparative Law
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Pozafiskalne funkcje podatku dochodowego w praktyce gospodarczej
The Non-Fiscal Functions of Income Tax in Economic Practice
Autorzy:
Zbroińska, Barbara
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/574623.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008-02-29
Wydawca:
Szkoła Główna Handlowa w Warszawie. Kolegium Analiz Ekonomicznych
Tematy:
income tax
tax policy
tax functions
tax instruments
Opis:
The study evaluates the relevance and validity of certain tax instruments used in economic practice. This involves instruments such as the possibility of selecting the form of corporate income taxation; more convenient dates and forms of advance tax payments; technology-related tax breaks; and tax-risk reduction instruments such as binding tax interpretations and advance pricing agreements (APA). The analysis was made on the basis of data from three tax offices in Poland. The author reached the following conclusions: 1) changes in eligibility criteria for using tax instruments are inconsistent with the rules of tax certainty and the fact that tax collection must be as inexpensive and efficient as possible; 2) more convenient advance tax payment deadlines do not prove to be useful because taxpayers tend to take little interest in them; 3) legal regulations accompanying tax privileges tend to reduce the effectiveness of these privileges in stimulating economic processes. The number and variety of instruments included in the Polish tax system testify to its strong stimulating function but also its complexity, Zbroińska says. Changes in the tax law system designed to either introduce or withdraw individual instruments lead to the destabilization of business activity by infringing on the rule of tax certainty. Some instruments fail to produce the desired results because access to them is restricted. Examples include plans to restrict the use of flat tax rates, limit access to the new-technology tax break, and impose steep fees on advance pricing agreements. The uncertainty among businesses leads to their marginal use of tax facilities related to advance income tax payments, the author says.
Źródło:
Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics; 2008, 221, 1-2; 91-110
2300-5238
Pojawia się w:
Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Tax Avoidance Clause: Do We Want it, Do We Need it?
Autorzy:
Nieborak, Tomasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/685043.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
tax
tax evasion
tax avoidance clause
the Tax Ordinance
Opis:
The aim of this paper is to outline the institution of the tax avoidance clause which has recently been re-introduced to the Polish legal system. The clause is known in many legal systems worldwide, and always arouses numerous controversies, which arise primarily from the subjectivity as well as, partly, the retroactivity of its application, which is based on extremely general principles, leaving a vast interpretative margin to the tax authorities enforcing the clause. Selected problems arising from the implementation of the tax avoidance clause in the Polish legal system have been analysed. These theoretical problems will be real once the clause has been enforced.
Źródło:
Adam Mickiewicz University Law Review; 2017, 7; 199-211
2450-0976
Pojawia się w:
Adam Mickiewicz University Law Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Możliwości zapobiegania agresywnemu planowaniu finansowemu
Autorzy:
Hybka, Małgorzata Magdalena
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/629989.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Szkoła Główna Handlowa w Warszawie
Tematy:
tax avoidance, tax planning, tax havens
Opis:
Tax planning strategies are growing more and more sophisticated over time. Formany OECD member states, these strategies applied by multinational corporationsresult in an immense loss of tax revenue. Therefore counteracting aggressive taxplanning has become a priority of tax policy for both the OECD and the EuropeanUnion. The aim of this article is to analyze selected aggressive tax planning schemes.It also presents definition of aggressive tax planning, reviews its instruments andscale. Moreover it indicates and describes the means to combat aggressive tax planning, such as transfer pricing regulations, institution of controlled foreigncorporation, general anti avoidance rules and thin capitalization provisions.
Źródło:
Kwartalnik Kolegium Ekonomiczno-Społecznego Studia i Prace; 2015, 3, 4; 115-128
2082-0976
Pojawia się w:
Kwartalnik Kolegium Ekonomiczno-Społecznego Studia i Prace
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Developing The Concept Of A Tax Law Relationship – Assumptions Concerning Scientific Research On This Issue
Autorzy:
Kalinowski, Marek
Prejs, Ewa
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2091851.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-10-28
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Gdański. Centrum Prawa Samorządowego i Prawa Finansów Lokalnych
Tematy:
tax law
tax law relationship
tax obligations
tax theory
legal relationship
tax research
Opis:
The concept of legal relationship is a tool that lawyers use to describe the legal situation in which entities find themselves due to applicable legal norms. It is therefore a tool for practical analysis of legal norms. The concept of a legal relationship and other legal concepts related to it are used by a lawyer to determine what rights and obligations a particular entity has in a given legal system in relation to the situation of another entity. In other words, it serves to describe the interdependence of the legal situation of entities due to applicable legal norms. Analysis of the legal relationship and related concepts are also useful for researching the behavior of some entities towards others due to applicable legal norms. The concept of legal relationship and the concepts associated with it are therefore a tool for analyzing law in action, thanks to which it is possible to solve a number of legal problems arising in the practice of applying law. It is important for those branches of law in which there are correlations between legal situations of entities of these branches of law. Therefore, it is also important for the tax law and tax research, in which there are relations between the state and taxpayers and other entities of tax law. Although from the most general point of view the structure of the legal relationship may seem to be very similar, however, legal relations in particular branches of law have their own characteristics. This diversity results from the fact that the content of elements determining specific legal relations in these branches of law is different, such as: the subject of the law, facts causing the creation and termination of the legal relationship as well as the content of the rights and obligations of the parties to this relationship. Research on these elements of the legal relationship allows to achieve specific theoretical and practical goals. Due to the fact that they are embedded in applicable law, they allow to build a model of legal relationship, which becomes a tool for practical analysis of applicable law. Secondly, their study allows to deepen knowledge of the characteristics of individual elements of this relationship, such as the subjects of this right. Thanks to this, it is possible to decide what features an entity should have to be able to become the owner of the rights or obligations of a given branch of law, including tax law. The structure of subjectivity in this branch of law is significantly different from the legal subjectivity of civil law. They also allow to catch the relationships between individual rights and individual rights and obligations regulated in a given branch of law. Finally, they allow to understand the premises that give rise to the rights and obligations incumbent on the subjects of a given branch of law. This in turn allows for an in-depth analysis of the tax law norms themselves, as well as views on individual institutions of this law and their critical analysis, as well as a critical analysis of the views of case law on these legal institutions. In the field of tax law science of various countries, models of a tax law relationship have been already created, which allow ordering and analysis of tax law norms. However, many other countries as the Polish tax law science did not pay much attention to this issue of tax law. Therefore, in many countries the most general model of tax law relationship created by the theory of law is used. The same has happened in Polish tax law science. However, this is an insufficient model, as it requires taking into account the state of tax legislation and the specifics of its regulations. Hence, considerations of tax law doctrine’s sometimes lack consistency due to the lack of an appropriate research tool in the form of a tax law relationship model. They also often conflict with each other, because the starting points for the analyses are different. Therefore, further research on tax law relationship is necessary in this field. This paper presents the assumptions concerning scientific research on developing the concept of a tax law relationship.
Źródło:
Financial Law Review; 2021, 24, 4; 102-121
2299-6834
Pojawia się w:
Financial Law Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Potential fiscal and non-fiscal consequences of introducing a poll tax in Poland
Autorzy:
Małecka-Ziembińska, Edyta
Ziębakowski, Łukasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/692549.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny w Poznaniu
Tematy:
poll tax, capitation tax, head tax, Personal Income Tax
Opis:
The inspiration to take up the issue of the poll tax resulted from the desire to verify the claims made by the supporters of the introduction of this tax in Poland in relation to its amount. For this purpose, the simulation of the quota rate of this tax, assuming compensation of the total income from the income tax on natural persons, has been carried out. In addition, potential effects of the introduction of this tax in the fiscal and social areas have been subjected to analysis. The analysis of the simulation of replacing the Personal Income Tax with a poll tax brings the conclusion that the poll tax would not gain acceptance in Poland nowadays. Potential consequences of this change must be considered not only in the fiscal, but above all – social context. The rates of the poll tax assessed on the basis of the concept of its followers are regressive. This is a disqualifying factor of this tribute, because it would bring a number of undesirable consequences to the economy and society.
Źródło:
Research Papers in Economics and Finance; 2016, 1, 1; 25-32
2543-6430
Pojawia się w:
Research Papers in Economics and Finance
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Typology of taxpayers and tax policy
Autorzy:
Niesiobedzka, Malgorzata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/430824.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014-09-01
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
taxpayers
tax compliance
tax evasion
tax morale
tax fairness
Opis:
The issue how to reduce of tax evasion is widely discussed in the literature. A public authority may affect the behavior of taxpayers, not only through economic factors, but also by strengthen fiscal discipline. In this process especially role play such issues as tax morale, tax mentality and perceived tax justice. The purpose of the study was to identify groups of taxpayers with similar attitudes towards taxes and similar tax behaviors. Cluster analysis elicited four types of tax payers: Intrinsic Tax Payer, External Tax Payer, Intrinsic Tax Evader, External Tax Evader. In the study the most common were the first two types of taxpayers. Elicited types correspond with motivational tax postures identified by Braithwaite(2001, 2003) and Torgler (2003). The conclusions sum up the key issues discussed, policy implications and the limitation of the analysis.
Źródło:
Polish Psychological Bulletin; 2014, 45, 3; 372-379
0079-2993
Pojawia się w:
Polish Psychological Bulletin
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Generation Z studentsʼ motivation to pay taxes
Autorzy:
Florek, Dominika
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1917394.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-06-21
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Księgowych w Polsce
Tematy:
tax compliance
tax morality
tax mentality
tax motivation
taxpayer environment
Opis:
Methodology/approach: In a quantitative empirical study, a questionnaire containing a set of 31 questions was used. The analysis of the results was conducted using descriptive statistics. Results: The results indicate that Generation Z's motivation to pay taxes is influenced by factors that come from four platforms of tax compliance. Research limitations/implications: The basic limitation concerns the fact that the study was conducted as a pilot. Therefore, it illustrates and examines a certain fragment of reality, but does not allow us to make inferences about the population. However, it is the basis for further research in this area and shows what direction it will take. Originality/Value: The article evaluates and analyzes factors from the four platforms of tax compliance that have an impact on the tax payment motivation of future taxpayers in Poland. There is a simultaneous examination of several variables derived from each plane of the taxpayer environment.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Teoretyczne Rachunkowości; 2021, 45(2); 51-68
1641-4381
2391-677X
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Teoretyczne Rachunkowości
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Przestrzeganie praw podatników przez wybrane urzędy skarbowe i izby skarbowe – obsługa obywateli przez administrację
Compliance with Taxpayers’ Rights by Selected Tax Authorities – Administration’s Services for the Citizens
Autorzy:
Szymańska, Wiesława
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/416803.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015-02
Wydawca:
Najwyższa Izba Kontroli
Tematy:
tax authorities
taxpayers’ rights
tax bodies
tax controls
tax proceedings
Opis:
Over the recent years, the percentage of decisions overruled by appeal bodies and administrative courts has been decreasing systematically. However, the quality of decisions is still unsatisfactory. The percentage has increased of decisions by the first instance against which taxpayers have appealed. NIK has examined whether tax bodies respect the rights of taxpayers, whether they treat them in a friendly manner, and whether they do not abuse the law and their position of a state authority. The performance of tax bodies has been assessed in the following areas: tax controls, tax proceedings, the quality of decisions, the use of the right to make the decisions immediately implemented, as well as the application of the tax liabilities security procedure. The audit has also examined the performance of duties aimed at conducting business activity in an easier manner, providing effective and friendly services for taxpayers, and information activities.
Źródło:
Kontrola Państwowa; 2015, 60, 1 (360); 98-115
0452-5027
Pojawia się w:
Kontrola Państwowa
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The taxpayer’s claim under the tax law relationship of a tax overpayment
Autorzy:
Drozdek, Adam
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1963638.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Szczeciński. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Szczecińskiego
Tematy:
tax claim
tax overpayment
taxpayer
tax
Opis:
The purpose of the research undertaken in this paper is to analyse the tax claim. It is an institution that has its source in a subjective right. As part of a tax claim, a taxable entity may assert its rights resulting from the obligation-involving tax law relationship of a tax overpayment. The institution of crediting overpayments towards tax arrears and current obligations is a special type of tax claims securing the exercise of the rights of taxable entities under the tax law relationship. The basic research method used for the purposes of the analysis undertaken in this publication is a comprehensive analysis of the normative status of the issues analysed and of selected views of legal commentators and of judicial and administrative decisions.
Źródło:
Acta Iuris Stetinensis; 2021, 33; 27-42
2083-4373
2545-3181
Pojawia się w:
Acta Iuris Stetinensis
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Przegląd wybranych badań nad moralnością podatkową. Wpływ moralności na rozmiary luk podatkowych
Autorzy:
Kędrzyński, Adam
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2028196.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-12-30
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
tax gaps
tax morale
value added tax
corporate income tax
personal income tax
tax compliance
methodology
procedural justice
Opis:
It is commonly stated that the behavioral aspect is problematic for economists. Nevertheless, a large strand of the literature on the topic exists, and it is high time we started making use of this fact. Using a simple literature review, the article presents some of the recent psychological discoveries from the fields of social psychology and behavioral economics that can be applied to macroeconomics in the context of estimating and reducing tax gaps (aim 1). Also, some fundamental methodological issues (aim 2a) and ethical distinctions between different meanings of procedural justice are raised (aim 2b).
Źródło:
Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym; 2020, 23, 4; 65-80
1899-2226
2353-4869
Pojawia się w:
Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
TAX PROFILES OF THE DIGITAL ECONOMY
Autorzy:
PARENTE, Salvatore Antonello
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/546704.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie
Tematy:
digital economy;
tax profiles;
google tax;
digital tax;
web tax
Opis:
Computer science and technological developments of the last decades has impacted considerably on the forms and methods of production and circulation of wealth, encouraging the spread of new activities completely dematerialized within a social and economic context characterized by frenetic circulation of knowledge and information available than just a “click” and from a production, distribution and consumption of goods increasingly virtual and intangible. As activities that might acquire economic value, in terms of tax, we wondered if, in order to face emergencies raised by virtual economy, is sufficient to adapt existing fiscal instruments or is necessary, rather, developing new forms of levy, creating a virtual world taxation. Special emphasis hiring then tax profiles of the activities carried out by large multinational companies, digital society, with subsidiaries in several countries, that can produce very high incomes, hardly taxed in the source State or otherwise frequently taxed to a lesser extent than the ordinary tax regime. The Italian legal system has tried to remedy this widespread phenomenon, with timid actions which seek to establish, first, a Google tax, then a digital tax, before arriving to the web tax, recently adopted in two different subsequent versions(before “digital transactions tax” and after “digital services tax”), but characterized byan uncertain future.
Źródło:
Civitas et Lex; 2019, 1(21); 55-69
2392-0300
Pojawia się w:
Civitas et Lex
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
State Autonomy in Shaping Tax Policies: Facts and Myths Based on the Situation in OECD Countries
Autorzy:
Tomkiewicz, Jacek
Postuła, Marta
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1933540.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-02
Wydawca:
Akademia Leona Koźmińskiego w Warszawie
Tematy:
tax competition
tax autonomy of states
tax havens
tax policy
Opis:
Purpose: Capital flows, tax competition, multinational companies and tax havens weakens governments’ ability to lead independent tax policy. This race to the bottom, especially in the case of CIT rate, seems to work. Aim of the text is to show that the governments are not as powerless as it is often claimed. Despite common opinion, nation-states retain a relatively significant autonomy in creating their own fiscal policies, including tax instruments. Size of funds kept in tax havens have not been growing for few years and international cooperation of tax authorities is more and more efficient in dealing with the tax fraud. Methodology: The study uses desk research method for theoretical reasoning to verify the research hypothesis. Moreover, the study seeks answering if the application of EU tax policies determines national tax policy. To that end, the authors utilize time series and cause-effect analysis, as well as quantitative research for the systematization of statistical information and regression analysis for the examination of statistical dependencies. Tax competition or the functioning of tax havens naturally limits the realization of the fundamental functions of fiscal policies, although the taxation remains one of the most crucial instruments of macroeconomic and income policy of national authorities. Findings: The most important data on public revenues structure in different OECD countries indicate that taxation remains one of the most crucial instruments of macroeconomic and income policy of national authorities. We also show that impact of FDI on hosting economy is not as positive as it is said to be. There is no relation between FDI and R&D spending and level of wages in hosting country is even affected in the negative way by the FDI inflow. Irrespective of the regulatory details introduced at the EU level – the basic factor affecting jets coordination in the field of cooperation between tax services brings effects both in terms of the current collection of tax liabilities and the creation of regulations that hinder tax avoidance and under statement assessment. Originality/value: The study focuses on an analysis of tax policy. The view that taxation of international corporations is fraught with difficulties finds support in the undeniable reality of tax competition.Moreover, a large and growing share of profits is transferred to low-tax places. The prospects for taxing international companies with positive rates seem unoptimistic. Therefore, it is essential to check how the national economy is affected by the FDI inflow in OECD countries.
Źródło:
Central European Management Journal; 2020, 28(2); 83-97
2658-0845
2658-2430
Pojawia się w:
Central European Management Journal
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Methodology of Tax Records for the Support of Tax Management
Autorzy:
Shaidurova, Natalia
Homokyová, Mária
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2064823.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
STE GROUP
Tematy:
tax
tax management
optimization
Opis:
Tax policy is associated with the use and application of taxes and their instruments, which serve to influence macroeconomic and microeconomic processes in the economy. We can derive the tax policy from the applied economic policy of the state. The objectives of economic policy are aimed in particular at strengthening the effectiveness of the market mechanism, reducing pension and property inequality, as well as strengthening the internal and external stability of the state. In securing them, the state must take into account many internal, as well as international aspects, focused not only on economic but also on political, social, defenses, ethical and other interests. The individual goals that the state sets by its economic policy can be effectively achieved through goal-oriented policies that form part of economic policy. The state’s social policy, unemployment policy, tax policy, etc. fulfil their role. These policies then have a retroactive effect on the economic policy of the state. The subject or goal of tax policy is the application of tax principles and measures so that taxes serve to promote the economic, social and political goals of the state.
Źródło:
Multidisciplinary Aspects of Production Engineering; 2020, 3, 1; 720--731
2545-2827
Pojawia się w:
Multidisciplinary Aspects of Production Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
RYZYKO PODATKOWE ROZLICZEŃ WIRTUALNYCH NA PRZYKŁADZIE TRANSAKCJI HYIP
Tax risk of internet settlements exemplified by HYIP transaction
Autorzy:
Biernacki, Krzysztof
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/950875.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu
Tematy:
investment
tax
tax risk
Opis:
Nowadays Internet allows to make settlements in virtual currency, which can be exemplified by HYIP transaction. This abbreviation means High Yield Investment Programs and provides the possibility to invest for short periods with high rate of return. However, achieving income results in the necessity to tax such a gain. Because of the methodology of calculation of Polish taxes, especially income taxes, virtual settlements generate tax risk in three areas: subject, object and formal requirements of the taxation. In conclusion this tax risk may negatively influence the development of such investments in virtual space.
Źródło:
Financial Sciences. Nauki o Finansach; 2014, 1(18); 11-18
2080-5993
2449-9811
Pojawia się w:
Financial Sciences. Nauki o Finansach
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Dohody v daňovom prave
Autorzy:
Babčák, Vladimír
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2147481.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008
Wydawca:
Instytut Studiów Międzynarodowych i Edukacji Humanum
Tematy:
tax law
tax contracts
Opis:
The article deals with the problems of contracts concluded in the area of tax law between tax administrators and tax subjects. The background for an examination of this matter is the understanding of tax law as a new, independent branch of law, which is a part of the legal system of Slovak republic. Tax law is also considered as a branch of public law. Furthermore, the author analyses the question of legal nature of contracts concluded by the bodies of public administration with other bodies of public administration, or with legal and natural persons. These contracts are defined as public law contracts or administrative contracts. Based on this knowledge we can define the relationship towards tax law contracts, which we can consider as public law contracts. In the final part of the article, the author deals with the legal nature of the contract between tax administrator and tax subject concerning tax designation and concerning delivering. He points out the problems which could occur in the application practice with legal enforcement of obligations resulting from these contracts.
Źródło:
Humanum. Międzynarodowe Studia Społeczno-Humanistyczne; 2008, 1(1); 123-129
1898-8431
Pojawia się w:
Humanum. Międzynarodowe Studia Społeczno-Humanistyczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zasady postępowania podatkowego a gwarancje praw podatnika na przykładzie wybranych orzeczeń sądów administracyjnych
Principles of Tax Restrictions and Warranties of Tax Rights on the Example of Selected Judgments of Administrative Courts
Autorzy:
Sygut, Łukasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/596235.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Łódzkie Towarzystwo Naukowe
Tematy:
taxes; tax procedure; tax ordinance; tax rules
Opis:
This paper presents the issue of guaranteeing the rights of taxpayers based on tax rules. The objective of the research is to analyze the situation of taxpayers in terms of their use of the rights guaranteed by the procedural rules of tax law. The analysis was made based on the content of selected judgments of administrative courts. The general principles of conduct are the backbone of the whole system, making it easier to understand the meaning of the other specific solutions. In cases of legal uncertainty, conflict of laws or interpretative ambiguity, they indicate the direction of the interpretation of the law. This direction is a translation of legal doubts in a manner consistent with a general principle, which is most strongly associated with a given norm. All exceptions to a general principle must be interpreted strictly or even narrowly. According to the case law of the administrative courts, the procedural guarantees of the taxpayer, which are institutions that provide real action in the life of every citizen, are directly related to procedural law, whose norms permit the realization of material and legal norms. According to the courts controlling the legality of decisions made by the tax authorities, the real and perceived civic rights of the citizen, including the right to a fair and open hearing, are derived from procedural safeguards, their scope, quality and quantity. At the same time, the provisions on tax treatment can be interpreted more flexibly than substantive law, on condition that it does not thereby undermine their guarantee function regarding the legal status of the taxpayer. In the design of general principles, particularly in inquiries under an inquisitorial model, noticeable is the accentuation of the duties incumbent on the bodies conducting the proceedings and the assurances of the party’s rights in these proceedings. Illustratively, they are even referred to as a condensed form of procedural safeguards, and the procedural principle must have specific performance guarantees that determine its practical role in the process.
Niniejsze opracowanie przedstawia problematykę gwarancji praw przysługujących podatnikom w oparciu o zasady postępowania podatkowego. Założonym celem badawczym jest analiza sytuacji podatników pod kątem wykorzystywania przez nich praw zagwarantowanych w przepisach proceduralnego prawa podatkowego oraz przepisach Konstytucji Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej. Analizy dokonano na podstawie treści wybranych orzeczeń sądów administracyjnych. Zasady ogólne postępowania to kościec całego systemu pozwalający łatwiej zrozumieć sens pozostałych szczegółowych rozwiązań w procedurze podatkowej. W przypadkach wątpliwości prawnych, kolizji przepisów albo niejasności interpretacyjnych wskazują one kierunek wykładni przepisów. Ów kierunek to tłumaczenie wątpliwości prawnych w sposób zgodny z najsilniej związaną z daną normą zasadą ogólną, od której wszelkie wyjątki należy interpretować w sposób ścisły, a niekiedy nawet zawężający. Według orzecznictwa sądów administracyjnych podatnicy mają do dyspozycji gwarancje procesowe, którymi są instytucje zapewniające rzeczywiste działanie w życiu każdego obywatela jego praw, i wynikają bezpośrednio z zakresu prawa procesowego. Przepisy proceduralnego prawa podatkowego pozwalają realizować normy materialno-prawne. Według sądów kontrolujących legalność rozstrzygnięć podejmowanych przez organy podatkowe, realny i odczuwalny przez obywatela zakres praw obywatelskich, w tym prawa do sprawiedliwego i jawnego rozpatrzenia sprawy, jest pochodną gwarancji procesowych, ich zakresu, jakości i ilości. Jednocześnie przepisy o postępowaniu podatkowym można interpretować w sposób bardziej elastyczny niż przepisy prawa materialnego pod tym tylko warunkiem, że nie narusza się w ten sposób ich funkcji gwarancyjnej w zakresie sytuacji prawnej podatnika. W konstrukcji zasad ogólnych, szczególnie w postępowaniach o modelu inkwizycyjnym, zauważalne jest akcentowanie obowiązków, jakie spoczywają na organach prowadzących postępowanie oraz gwarancji uprawnień strony w tym postępowaniu. Obrazowo określa się nawet, iż stanowią one skondensowaną formę gwarancji procesowych, a zasada procesowa musi posiadać określone gwarancje realizacji, które wyznaczają jej praktyczną rolę w procesie.
Źródło:
Studia Prawno-Ekonomiczne; 2018, 107; 127-153
0081-6841
Pojawia się w:
Studia Prawno-Ekonomiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The concept of fairness as a criterion for the assessment of the personal income tax in Poland
Autorzy:
Lewkowicz-Grzegorczyk, Katarzyna Anna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2124650.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet w Białymstoku. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku
Tematy:
personal income tax
tax exemption
tax fairness
Opis:
Purpose – The aim of the article is to present the essence of tax justice in relation to the personal income tax in Poland. Research method – The realisation of the aim required using the method of descriptive and compa-rative analysis to assess the fairness of charging the personal income tax.Results – The results of the empirical study on the personal tax structure point to the progressive tax as the one which better fulfils the concept of tax justice. The common acceptance of the tax progression confirms the deeply rooted sense of vertical equity in the Polish society. According to this, higher taxes should be paid by the rich, while the less wealthy should be charged with lower taxes. Unfortunately, the structure of the personal income tax in Poland does not reflect this. On the basis of the evolution of the PIT tax structure, it is possible to determine flattening of the progression due to the introduction of the two-stage tax scale. What is more, one may experience frequent ethical doubts connected with tax exemptions, and especially with the rules of granting them.Originality / value / implications / recommendations – Author’s own evaluation of the personal income tax in terms of tax fairness.
Źródło:
Optimum. Economic Studies; 2021, 4(106); 83-96
1506-7637
Pojawia się w:
Optimum. Economic Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
TAX PREFERENCES IN THE CZECH AND POLISH PERSONAL INCOME TAXES
Autorzy:
Burzec, Marcin
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/915829.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II
Tematy:
personal income tax
tax preferences
comparative tax law
Opis:
Article presents tax preferences in Czech Republic and Poland in the comparative aproach. The aim of the comparative study is to show how particular problems can be tackled by different countries by different measures. Both in Poland and the Czech Republic it is possible to identify common problems in the area of the tax law. One of such problems is an appropriate shape of tax preferences within the income tax contruction. The aim of the present article is to demonstrate how Poland and the Czech Republic, by shaping tax preferences within the construction of the income tax, tackle the problem of the taxpayer’s ability to pay. Further, it is shown how the two countries, by means of tax instruments, supplement their policy in areas as important as pro-family policy, supporting subjects implementing public tasks, the pension system, policy on people with disabilities, and housing policy.
Źródło:
Review of European and Comparative Law; 2017, 30, 3; 89-105
2545-384X
Pojawia się w:
Review of European and Comparative Law
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The tax-free amount as an instrument for implementing the tax fairness principle
Autorzy:
Pomorska, Alicja
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1986837.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Akademia Leona Koźmińskiego w Warszawie
Tematy:
personal income tax
tax free amount
tax fairness
Opis:
This paper is devoted to analysis and evaluation of recent changes that have taken place in the structure of Polish personal income tax, with particular emphasis on tax-free amount. The main effect of these changes is the increase of the tax-free minimum in comparison to the level of subsistence minimum as well as the statutory obligation of the Minister of Finance to verify both these volumes. The authoress positively assesses the introduced changes, noting that they should be treated as an introduction to the discussion on a new model of taxation of natural persons in Poland.
Źródło:
Krytyka Prawa. Niezależne Studia nad Prawem; 2018, 10, 1; 193-215
2080-1084
2450-7938
Pojawia się w:
Krytyka Prawa. Niezależne Studia nad Prawem
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Luka w podatku od towarów i usług oraz sposoby jej ograniczania
Autorzy:
Małecka-Ziembińska, Edyta
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/630273.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Szkoła Główna Handlowa w Warszawie
Tematy:
Value Added Tax (VAT), Tax gap, Tax fraud
Opis:
The study focuses on the concept and components of the tax gap. In addition, the article presents an estimate of the gap in the value added tax in the European Union for the years 2000-2013. With regard to the Poland, it also identifies the causes of the gap occurrence and actions aimed at reducing its size.
Źródło:
Kwartalnik Kolegium Ekonomiczno-Społecznego Studia i Prace; 2017, 1; 45-60
2082-0976
Pojawia się w:
Kwartalnik Kolegium Ekonomiczno-Społecznego Studia i Prace
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Standard Audit File for Tax (SAF‑T): An IT Tool for Tax System Tightening
Autorzy:
Macudziński, Mariusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/956497.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Akademia im. Jakuba z Paradyża w Gorzowie Wielkopolskim
Tematy:
law
tax law
tax system
tax system tightening
tax audit
information technology
Opis:
This publication presents the current legal status in the area of using one of many IT tools in the tax system, namely the Single Audit File (SAF‑T).It contains historical conditions of SAF‑T introduction and some methods of tax evasion which should be eliminated with the help of this IT tool.The SAF‑T standards, technical requirements, characteristics and, consequently, the key role that it currently plays in the Polish tax system, have been assessed in detail.The penal and fiscal liability for non‑compliance with reporting obligations regarding this form of tax reporting has not been omitted.
Źródło:
Studia Administracji i Bezpieczeństwa; 2018, 5; 107-120
2543-6961
Pojawia się w:
Studia Administracji i Bezpieczeństwa
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Analiza i ocena regulacji uszczelniających system opodatkowania dochodów przedsiębiorców w Polsce w latach 2015–2019
Analysis and assessment of the regulations aiming at sealing the system of taxing entrepreneurs’ income in Poland in 2015–2019
Autorzy:
Felis, Paweł
Szymański, Waldemar
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2897639.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Kancelaria Sejmu. Biuro Analiz Sejmowych
Tematy:
personal income tax
corporate income tax
tax gap
sealing the tax system
Opis:
The article looks at the legal solutions adopted in 2015–2019 in Poland in order to tighten the tax system. In the field of income taxes, these were anti-abusive regulations, securing the tax system in a general way, as well as targeting specific tax avoidance schemes. The first part of the article discusses the factors determining fiscal efficiency which is the main criterion adopted in the study. In the next part the most important tax solutions sealing the system are presented. In the third part an attempt was made, using a number of indicators, to answer the question whether the observed increase in tax revenues from corporate income taxes can be attributed to the anti-abusive measures which were taken. Based on the conducted research, it has been shown that the decreasing tax gap is the result of the improvement in tax collection effectiveness in connection with the adopted sealing measures.
Źródło:
Studia BAS; 2020, 4(64); 69-94
2080-2404
2082-0658
Pojawia się w:
Studia BAS
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Reforms to the Israeli income tax
Autorzy:
Tzarfati, Beny
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2207117.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023-02-17
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny w Poznaniu
Tematy:
income tax
reforms
tax base
tax rate
Israel
Income Tax Ordinance
Opis:
Income tax is a major component of state revenues, earmarked to finance the services provided by the government. Income taxes have a significant impact, among other things, on economic growth and income distribution. According to economic theory, personal income tax—perceived as progressive tax—is the main policy tool of the governments of developed countries and is aimed at reducing inequality in income distribution. The Israeli in- come tax has been through major reforms in the last decade and a half. These reforms include a reduction in income tax exemp- tions, steadily decreasing tax rates, simplification of tax calculation rules, reallocation of resources from the public and revenue sharing by reducing the income tax burden on the middle classes, a transfer from territorially based taxation of income earned or accrued in Israel to personally based taxation of income of Israeli residents, regardless of the place of earning the income. The result of changing the tax system and the transition to taxation on a personal basis means, in practice, an expansion of the tax base in Israel. This paper aims to describe the income tax prior to the reforms and the major reforms that had taken place up to 2017.
Źródło:
Research Papers in Economics and Finance; 2022, 6, 2; 7-22
2543-6430
Pojawia się w:
Research Papers in Economics and Finance
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Gloss to the Supreme Court’s decision of 15 June 2022, II CSKP 509/22
Autorzy:
Rzewuski, Maciej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2158261.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-12-15
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II
Tematy:
Tax
tax law
system of taxation
real estate acquisition tax
real estate transfer tax
tax administration
Opis:
This paper is an attempt at a polemic with the position of the Supreme Court expressed in the cassation case II CSKP 509/22. The subject matter discussed in the paper is of great importance, particularly from a practical point of view, and concerns the issue of the (im)possibility of establishing the date of a will in a situation where doubts arise as to the relation of this will to another will which is dated. The considerations take into account not only the achievements of Polish doctrine, but also - for the sake of comparison and in order to find the best possible model for proceedings in this type of case - the solutions functioning in foreign legal systems (mainly German and French).
Źródło:
Review of European and Comparative Law; 2022, 51, 4; 237-248
2545-384X
Pojawia się w:
Review of European and Comparative Law
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Daňová exekúcia u podnikateľov – daňových dlžníkov
Autorzy:
Moskvičová, Mária
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2141741.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Instytut Studiów Międzynarodowych i Edukacji Humanum
Tematy:
tax debtors
tax execution
Opis:
Tax execution is an important tax-law institution, which was established in Slovakia effective 1.September 1999. It is necessary to understand it as a part of tax execution pursuance, which became a part of the tax-law institution from the above mentioned date, before this date this particular law was not known. This institution was replaced then invoked the enforcement of tax underpayments. It is necessary to understand tax execution as an enforced dispensation, which is used for enforcement in order to collect tax underpayments or reduce tax underpayments, fulfilment of financial payments as imposed by this law and also compensation to cover the cost of executional expense as required by this law. In this article the author explains more methods of practising tax execution, which is imposed against tax debtors – entrepreneurial subjects. These methods can be found in statute number 511/1992 code book concerning tax and payments and also changes in regional financial institutions which are found in the most recent regulations.
Źródło:
Humanum. Międzynarodowe Studia Społeczno-Humanistyczne; 2009, 3(3); 69-74
1898-8431
Pojawia się w:
Humanum. Międzynarodowe Studia Społeczno-Humanistyczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Subjekty daňového konania v Slovenskej republike
Autorzy:
Štrkolec, Miroslav
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2147491.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008
Wydawca:
Instytut Studiów Międzynarodowych i Edukacji Humanum
Tematy:
tax administrator
tax subject
Opis:
The article deals about subjects of tax proceedings in Slovak republic. Tax procedings is actually governed by the Act No. 511/1992 Coll. on tax and fees administration, which also rules organizition of tax administration and personally aspects of tax proceedings. There are two main subjects of tax proceedings – tax administrators and tax subjects. Tax administrators represents interests of state and local administration and have many instruments how to reach the purpose of tax proceedings, which is to levy a tax from taxpayers and to fill up the public budgets. On the other side, tax subjects are in the position of subordination, and have more duties than rights, what is usually in the sfere of public law. Article deals also about the position of ,,third persons“ in tax proceedings whith the accent on their place (rights and duties) in this legal process.
Źródło:
Humanum. Międzynarodowe Studia Społeczno-Humanistyczne; 2008, 1(1); 205-216
1898-8431
Pojawia się w:
Humanum. Międzynarodowe Studia Społeczno-Humanistyczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Nowa Ordynacja podatkowa – zarys oceny okiem praktyka
The new tax ordinance – outline assessment by practice
Autorzy:
Sarna, Alicja
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/489133.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017-11-21
Wydawca:
Szkoła Główna Handlowa w Warszawie. Centrum Analiz i Studiów Podatkowych
Tematy:
Ordynacja podatkowa
podatki
tax code
tax ordinance
tax
Opis:
Artykuł poświęcony jest ocenie niektórych nowych oraz istotnie zmodyfikowanych instytucji, zawartych w projekcie ustawy Ordynacja podatkowa. Przedstawiony projekt wprowadza bowiem do ogólnego prawa podatkowego szereg instytucji dotychczas w nim nieistniejących (np. niewładcze formy załatwiania spraw), kodyfikuje ogólne zasady prawa podatkowego, a także w sposób istotny modyfikuje niektóre z obecnie obowiązujących przepisów (np. przedawnienie, korygowanie deklaracji). Celem publikacji jest przybliżenie tych instytucji oraz wskazanie ewentualnych niezbędnych, zdaniem autorki, zmian proponowanych przepisów.
This article deals with the evaluation of some of the new and significantly modified concepts included in the Tax Ordinance bill. The proposed bill introduces a number of previously non-existent regulations (e.g. non-executive forms of settlement) into the general tax law, it codifies the general principles of the tax law, and substantially modifies some of the existing regulations (e.g. statutes of limitation, correction of declarations). The purpose of the publication is to clarify these regulations and to indicate possible changes, which the author finds essential, to the proposed legislation.
Źródło:
Analizy i Studia CASP; 2017, 4, 2; 20-31
2451-0475
Pojawia się w:
Analizy i Studia CASP
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
SHARED STATE TAXES AND TAX POLICY OF LOCAL SELF-GOVERNMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH TAX MORALE
Autorzy:
Sipos, Ágnes
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/517182.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Instytut Badań Gospodarczych
Tematy:
tax morale
legal morale
tax regime
tax system
Opis:
Based on our assumption, tax morale significantly depends on a country’s legal, historical, social and cultural background and circumstances. In the first part of the paper, we discuss the legal dimension of the tax morale – including the interconnection of law, ethics and moral. Furthermore, we analyze the facts breaching tax liabilities under the scope of the criminal law and the actions violating the tax morale but not qualified as infringement of the criminal law. In the second part of the paper, we provide empirical evidence on which factors (e.g. personal characteristics, commitment for paying local taxes, knowledge about the distribution of paid taxes between central and local authorities, etc.) determine significantly the individual level of tax morale. The paper discusses these complex connections either from the viewpoint of law or economics in order to find out whether it is possible to develop the tax morale of individuals, or can the legislator adequately rule the different forms of tax evasion.
Źródło:
Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy; 2015, 10, 3; 65-88
1689-765X
2353-3293
Pojawia się w:
Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Mandatory Electronic Communication with a Tax Administrator
Autorzy:
Vavříková, Martina
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1368129.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-02-01
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Gdański. Centrum Prawa Samorządowego i Prawa Finansów Lokalnych
Tematy:
Tax law
tax procedure
digitalization
electronic tax returns
Opis:
The purpose of this text is to present an overview of the evolution of digital communication in tax law and highlight major changes which recently occurred in the process of digitalization regarding the communication between a tax administrator and taxpayers when submitting a tax document. The first part of the article will point out leading elements of digital submissions and provide theoretical and functional perspective on characteristics of electronic communication. The second part of the text aspires to analyse sanctions resulting from breaching rules regarding the mandatory electronic submission of tax documents. This article will then discuss the varieties of sanctions as an outcome of enforcing the tax procedural rules regarding the mandatory electronic document submission.
Źródło:
Financial Law Review; 2021, 21, 1; 80-93
2299-6834
Pojawia się w:
Financial Law Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ocena funkcjonowania podatków od dochodów osób fizycznych oraz osób prawnych w Polsce
Personal and corporate income taxes in Poland
Autorzy:
Felis, Paweł
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/11364351.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Kancelaria Sejmu. Biuro Analiz Sejmowych
Tematy:
income tax
personal income tax
corporate income tax
Opis:
The article looks at the selected issues related to personal income tax and corporate income tax in Poland. The author discusses the legal framework of taxes and presents empirical data analysis. First, he examines whether there is a correlation between the legislative changes to income taxes and the state budget revenues. Next, he discusses regulations of income taxes which are of particular importance for the entrepreneurial activities. Finally, the efficiency of the personal income tax redistribution is asserted.
Źródło:
Studia BAS; 2018, 2(54); 11-38
2080-2404
2082-0658
Pojawia się w:
Studia BAS
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Oszustwo podatkowe na przykładzie wystawienia fikcyjnych faktur VAT
Tax Fraud on the Example of Issuing Fictitious VAT Invoices
Autorzy:
Kobylski, Piotr
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/36094726.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
tax
taxpayer
tax obligation
tax fraud
invoices
abuse
Opis:
The purpose of this article. In the literature, you can find quite extensive studies on value added tax, while the issue of tax fraud on the example of issuing fictitious VAT invoices from the perspective of the effect of Art. 56 § 1 of the Act of September 10, 1999 – Fiscal Penal Code has been treated quite fragmentarily. The main research objective of this study is to characterize the impact of the above-mentioned legal regulation in determining the scope of its impact on the tax law system. The work will prove that it is actually unjustified to maintain the current structure of the model of the right to deduct this tax. In connection with the above, the aim of the work will be to assess the directions of changes in the analyzed institution against the background of the applicable legal provisions. Methodology. It was created on the basis of an analysis of the content of legal acts and documents as well as studies of the subject literature. The result of the research. The taxpayer should not be held responsible for unlawful actions of third parties with regard to the fulfillment of the tax obligation in the tax on goods and services. Based on the considerations, it can be concluded that as long as the current structure of the model of the right to deduct tax on goods and services is maintained, this issue will still remain open.
Źródło:
Finanse i Prawo Finansowe; 2022, 2 (Numer Specjalny); 7-18
2391-6478
2353-5601
Pojawia się w:
Finanse i Prawo Finansowe
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Legal Regulation of Non-Judicial Methods of Consideration and Resolution of Tax Disputes: Tax Ombudsman, Tax Arbitration and Mediation in Tax DisputesTaxation of Digital Companies: Experience of Russia and Other Countries
Autorzy:
Murat, Adam
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1789237.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-06-30
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Gdański. Centrum Prawa Samorządowego i Prawa Finansów Lokalnych
Tematy:
taxes
tax dispute
arbitration
tax ombudsman
taxpayer
mediation
tax authority
tax appeal commission
Opis:
Probably, as in any state, in the sphere of legal regulation of relations between business and the state, the public interests of the state are always above the private interests of business. Any democratic and legal state, including Kazakhstan, is based on the principles of equality of all before the law and the court, as well as the rule of law. The tax legislation of Kazakhstan does not provide for a legal mechanism for the consideration of tax disputes arising between a taxpayer and an authorized state body by any non-judicial organizations. All tax disputes are subject to consideration on complaints of the taxpayer to the higher authorized tax authority and only after receiving the decision of the higher state body, this dispute can be referred to the court. This paper deals with problematic issues of tax law related to the attribution of all tax disputes to consideration exclusively by the higher authorized tax authority and later by the court, which always guard the interests of the state, which in practice causes distrust of businessmen and investors to the state. In this regard, this paper examines out-of-court methods of resolving tax disputes, international experience in resolving tax disputes by out-of-court organizations.
Źródło:
Financial Law Review; 2021, 22, 2; 129-147
2299-6834
Pojawia się w:
Financial Law Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
MIEJSCE ZRYCZAŁTOWANEGO PODATKU DOCHODOWEGO OD PRZYCHODÓW OSÓB DUCHOWNYCH W POLSKIM SYSTEMIE PODATKOWYM – UJECIE TEORETYCZNE
Autorzy:
Szewczyk–Jarocka, Mariola
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/446910.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Mazowiecka Uczelnia Publiczna w Płocku
Tematy:
polish tax system
tax
income tax
flat-rate income tax from clergymen
Opis:
Polish tax system is very extensive. It comprises various taxes and fees, which support the state budget and local government units.One of flat-rate income taxes from selected incomes earned by individuals is a flat-rate income tax from clergymen. A taxpayer here is a parish-priest or a vicar, who stated to perform temporary or permanent pastoral function, a clergyman managing a church unit having independent administration (eg. a vicarage), as well as a clergyman of other religious denominations performing a comparable function.The purpose of this article is to present in what way a church institution settles income tax. The article consists a theoretical analysis of the reviewed problem and may be a premise for a more detailed examination of this subject.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Naukowe PWSZ w Płocku. Nauki Ekonomiczne; 2014, 19
1644-888X
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Naukowe PWSZ w Płocku. Nauki Ekonomiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Tax administration and risk management in the digital age
Autorzy:
Lipniewicz, R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/95157.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Szkoła Główna Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie. Wydawnictwo Szkoły Głównej Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie
Tematy:
tax administration
tax risk management
e-commerce
tax jurisdiction
Opis:
Tax administrations have to deal with a large number of risks. These may concern the risk of non-compliance, including risk of tax fraud. The main purpose of this paper is to show how the Internet business models effect on tax administration in the context of risk management. The research problem analysed in the article concerns the adequacy of analytical and control tools used today by tax administration of OECD member countries to counter the phenomenon of tax avoidance using computer networks in business activity. The purpose of research problem framed this way is to verify whether reducing the negative effects of tax avoidance in connection with the digital economy development and ‘dematerialisation’ of many aspects of business activity requires nothing more than making organizational changes in tax administration operations, or whether it is necessary to introduce substantial changes in tax law to adjust legal standards to the requirements of the ‘new economy’. The research integrates a variety of theoretical frameworks and relates to legislation governing tax procedure in OECD member countries, with references made to actions taken by Polish tax authorities. To achieve the goals set, the methods of analysis and criticism of specialist literature and documents, in particular reports published by the OECD, the EU and the Polish Ministry of Finance, will be primarily used.
Źródło:
Information Systems in Management; 2017, 6, 1; 26-37
2084-5537
2544-1728
Pojawia się w:
Information Systems in Management
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ewolucja rozwiązań prawych w sferze podatku przemysłowego jako element polityki podatkowej państwa polskiego w okresie międzywojennym
The Evolution of Legal Solutions in the Field of Industrial Tax as Element of Tax Policy of the Polish State During Interwar Period
Autorzy:
Kwiecień, Sebastian
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/519001.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Jagielloński. Fundacja Utriusque Iuris
Tematy:
tax policy
industrial tax
industrial certificate sales tax
enterprise
Opis:
Industrial tax, based on archaic solutions, has aroused opposition since the beginning of its operating, especially in the context of the introduction of turnover tax which was given the features of consumption tax, and the maintained industrial certificates were given the features of revenue tax. It should also be remembered that the industrial tax acts were extremely complicated in their content, the legislator in one act tried to regulate as many economic issues as it was possible. Adopted solutions concerning industrial tax allowed the legislator to obtain permanent incomings to the state budget, the size of which, however, varied depending on the period and the social and economic situation, on average constituted 10% of the total revenues of the state budget. Attempts to rationalize the system of collecting industrial tax and breaking with the principle of unevenness of this tax, therein a mechanical combination of income tax and turnover tax, were made by the Act of 25 April 1938 on turnover tax. The tax reform was the result of changes in the tax system long awaited by entrepreneurs, mainly in the area of industrial tax. Unfortunately, due to the start of the war, the regulations did not enter into force.
Źródło:
Forum Prawnicze; 2020, 3(59); 95-109
2081-688X
Pojawia się w:
Forum Prawnicze
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Theoretical Models of Taxation of Holding Companies in Member States of the European Union
Autorzy:
Gajewski, Dominik
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/942491.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Szkoła Główna Handlowa w Warszawie
Tematy:
corporate tax
holding companies
european tax law
tax optimalization
Opis:
Currently, a holding company is one of the most popular form of organisation in the globalized Europe. The tax situation of such entities is a significant condition determining cross-border operations. Therefore, the objective of this article is to analyse the theories of taxation of holding companies conducting business activity on the territory of the EU. Analysis shows how great a variety of models (theories) of taxation, which are available in various EU Member States, a holding company may use. Individual tax theories are characterised by particular constructions that have both advantages and disadvantages.
Źródło:
Warsaw Forum of Economic Sociology; 2017, 8, 15; 69-85
2081-9633
Pojawia się w:
Warsaw Forum of Economic Sociology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The influence of the cadastre modernization on the real estate tax base assessment
Autorzy:
Benduch, P.
Pęska, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/101642.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Stowarzyszenie Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich PAN
Tematy:
cadastre
modernization
real estate tax
forestry tax
agricultural tax
Opis:
The modernization of the cadastre is such a complicated and complex process that may cause many significant results. Cadastral parcel surface areas changes and changes in land use are the most important of them. These factors have also a direct influence on the real estate tax base assessment. Using materials obtained from geodetic and cartographic documentation centres, the analysis concerning the considered problem has been performed. The basic facts connected with the cadastre modernization and legal rules concerning the real estate, agricultural and forestry tax bases determination have been analysed too. It has been proved, that changes in spatial data which have arisen during the modernization of the cadastre, especially in the scope of land use, may have an essential significance for taxpayer. Performed analysis denote, that comprehensive cadastre modernization from proper Municipal and Communal Offices' point of view which are real estate tax collectors, is financially profitable enterprise.
Źródło:
Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich; 2016, III/1; 787-800
1732-5587
Pojawia się w:
Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Methods of Tax Optimisation with the Use of Tax Havens
Autorzy:
Burandt, Patrycja
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1789245.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-06-30
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Gdański. Centrum Prawa Samorządowego i Prawa Finansów Lokalnych
Tematy:
tax havens
offshore companies
taxes
tax law
tax avoidance
Opis:
The present study is concerned with chosen methods employed in a legal and illegal way by the taxpayers in order to reduce their tax burdens by the use of tax havens. The aim of this article is to elaborate on the phenomenon of tax competition, in particular, ways of using it for the purpose of tax optimisation. The essence of a tax haven introduced at the beginning serves as an introduction to the remaining content and lets one understand the outline of the discussed phenomenon. The presented methods cannot be considered a legal advice, but only an objective characteristic.
Źródło:
Financial Law Review; 2021, 22, 2; 78-93
2299-6834
Pojawia się w:
Financial Law Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Transfer Pricing as an Institution Supporting the Anti-Optimization Clause in Counteracting Tax Avoidance
Autorzy:
Wach, Tomasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2159865.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-03-31
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Gdański. Centrum Prawa Samorządowego i Prawa Finansów Lokalnych
Tematy:
tax avoidance
harmful tax competition
tax evasion transfer pricing
Opis:
The purpose of this study is to show the relationship between transfer pricing regulations and the anti-tax avoidance clause. The paper discusses the axiology of legal regulations aimed at counteracting tax avoidance practices and the use of non-market prices in relations between related entities. An attempt was made to present the concept of the phenomenon of harmful tax competition, also the essence of tax avoidance, and to contrast this concept with the phenomenon of tax evasion. The phenomenon of tax optimization was also indicated. The relationship between the provisions of the general anti-optimization clause and transfer prices that determine the appropriate state of prices between related entities within the meaning of tax law was also subjected to a detailed analysis.
Źródło:
Financial Law Review; 2022, 25, 1; 110-125
2299-6834
Pojawia się w:
Financial Law Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Real Estate Acquisition Tax versus Real Estate Transfer Tax in the Czech Republic. Past or Future?
Autorzy:
Hrubá Smržová, Petra
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2129145.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-09-09
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II
Tematy:
Tax
Tax law
Real Estate Acquisition Tax
Real Estate Transfer Tax
Tax Administation
System of Taxation
Opis:
The real estate acquisition tax as a property transfer tax was part of the system of taxation of the Czech Republic until 25 September 2020.1 It was a traditional historical tax forming a complementary element of the system of taxation. Since 1993, it was part of the system of taxation as a real estate transfer tax. As of 1 January 2014, due to the recodification of private law, extensive tax reform came into effect, the scope of which was unprecedented since the 1990s. As a result, a new tax was introduced by the Statutory Measure of the Senate No. 340/2013 Coll., namely the real estate acquisition tax, which replaced the former real estate transfer tax. The new tax regulation preserved the taxation of real estate transfers upon payment in the form of the acquisition of immovable property, reflecting the changes brought about by the recodification of private law and by the new Business Corporations Act. It redefined the taxpayer entity, reduced the administrative complexity of tax administration, including cases of mandatory submission of expert reports for the purpose of determining the tax base, and updated the cases of exemption from the real estate acquisition tax.
Źródło:
Review of European and Comparative Law; 2022, 50, 3; 145-161
2545-384X
Pojawia się w:
Review of European and Comparative Law
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ruling as a form of settlement of an individual tax case: Considerations exemplified by tax overpayment
Autorzy:
Drozdek, Adam
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1590759.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Szczeciński. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Szczecińskiego
Tematy:
ruling
tax proceedings
tax overpayment
Opis:
The ruling on the application of tax overpayment is a formal act which does not prejudge the existence of tax arrears, but which provides information on the way the payment is credited. The credit is legally binding. Therefore, the ruling on the credit only confirms that it has been effected. The amount of the tax liability or arrears shall not be verified in the credit decision. The amounts shall be fixed or determined in accordance with their respective procedures. The ruling is a formal condition for the overpaid tax to be credited against outstanding and current tax liabilities. The ruling has legal effects in the sense that as for the date of crediting the overpayment, tax arrears no longer exist.
Źródło:
Studia Administracyjne; 2020, 12; 5-16
2080-5209
2353-284X
Pojawia się w:
Studia Administracyjne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Evaluation of the handling of church tax under income tax law in Germany
Autorzy:
Blankenberg, Mike
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2049781.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Instytut Studiów Międzynarodowych i Edukacji Humanum
Tematy:
tax
church tax
law
Germany
Opis:
Current demographic conditions and foreseeable future developments are forcing Germany’s two major Christian churches to develop innovative strategies to recruit members or retain them over the long term. Already today, less than 50 percent of 6- to 18-year-olds are Protestant or Catholic. According to forecasts, this figure will halve by 2060. The aim of this paper is to show that the German system of church tax is being applied properly from a fiscal point of view, but should be re-evaluated in light of demographic and societal challenges.
Źródło:
Humanum. Międzynarodowe Studia Społeczno-Humanistyczne; 2021, 2(41); 123-131
1898-8431
Pojawia się w:
Humanum. Międzynarodowe Studia Społeczno-Humanistyczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ekspertyza na temat przedstawionego przez Prezydenta RP projektu ustawy o zmianie ustawy – Ordynacja podatkowa w zakresie propozycji ujęcia art. 2a
Expert opinion on the Presidential bill amending the Tax Ordinance Act with regard to the proposed wording of Article 2a (Sejm Paper No. 3018) (BAS-391/15A)
Autorzy:
Gomułowicz, Andrzej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2223672.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Kancelaria Sejmu. Biuro Analiz Sejmowych
Tematy:
Tax Ordinance Act
Tax
bill
Opis:
The opinion recommends that the “principle of principles” – in dubio pro tributario principle – should not be incorporated into the Tax Ordinance Act, because it changes the order of constitutional values. Instead, the author of the opinion proposes that Article 217 of the Constitution be amended by adding the requirement for any imposition of tax obligations to be made with respect for the economic freedom and rights. From the analysis it follows that the proposed amendment may result in lower standards of the legislative process and undermine the principles of proper tax legislation, as legislative deficiencies are to be resolved in favour of the taxpayer.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS; 2015, 2(46); 39-66
1896-9852
2082-064X
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Opinia na temat przedstawionego przez Prezydenta RP projektu ustawy o zmianie ustawy – Ordynacja podatkowa oraz niektórych innych ustaw
Opinion on the Presidential bill amending the Tax Ordinance Act and some other acts (Sejm Paper No. 3018) (BAS-391/15A(2))
Autorzy:
Dębowska-Romanowska, Teresa
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2223674.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Kancelaria Sejmu. Biuro Analiz Sejmowych
Tematy:
Tax Ordinance Act
Tax
bill
Opis:
The opinion indicates that from the point of view of the Polish constitution, there are no “irremovable doubts about the content of tax law” as proposed in the bill, because in such a situation the occurrence of tax obligation and, in particular, tax liability, is out of the question. This results from the fact that Article 217 of the Constitution establishes a very high requirements for a qualified specificity of tax bills. The author proposes a different method to formulate the wording of Article 2a of the Tax Ordinance Act, which assumes that there is no tax obligation nor tax liability beyond that which follows directly from the tax law.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS; 2015, 2(46); 81-85
1896-9852
2082-064X
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Kwota wolna od opodatkowania jako narzędzie polityki finansowej państwa - kierunki projektowanych zmian
Tax-free allowance as a tool of state financial policy – directions of planned changes
Autorzy:
Kopańska, Anna
Dorosz, Judyta
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/30097939.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-01-18
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Komisji Edukacji Narodowej w Krakowie
Tematy:
kwota wolna od podatku
podatek
personal income tax
tax
tax-free amount
tax system
Opis:
Kwota wolna od opodatkowania stanowi specyficzną preferencję podmiotową w podatku dochodowym od osób fizycznych. Z założenia minimum wolne od podatku pozwala odstąpić od opodatkowania osób fizycznych uzyskujących minimalne dochody. Powyższe jest równoznaczne z wprowadzeniem zerowej stawki opodatkowania dla podatnika, którego dochód nie przekroczy minimum wolnego od podatku w danym roku podatkowym. Wysokość kwoty wolnej od podatku wpływa na wysokość wpływów z tytułu podatku dochodowego od osób fizycznych do budżetu państwa i jednostek samorządu terytorialnego. Jednocześnie wysokość minimum wolnego od opodatkowania ma bezpośredni wpływ na poziom dochodów osób o niskich dochodach, a dokładniej na wysokość zarobków oraz motywację do utrzymania czy też podjęcia pracy. Odpowiednia zmiana wysokości kwoty wolnej od opodatkowania ma wpływ na strukturę dochodów budżetowych w kierunku podatków pośrednich. Nie ulega wątpliwości, iż wzrost kwoty wolnej od podatku zwiększa siłę nabywczą ludności przez co pobudza popyt konsumpcyjny. W przyjaznym dla obywateli systemie podatkowym kwota wolna od opodatkowania powinna być narzędziem długookresowej polityki fiskalnej oraz powinna stanowić narzędzie sprawiedliwości opodatkowania osób fizycznych, równocześnie nie powinna zagrażać stabilności systemu finansowego państwa i jednostek administracji samorządowej oraz możliwości wykonywania zadań w sferze publicznej.
The tax-free amount is a specific personal income tax advantage. With a minimum tax-free basis, it is possible to waive the taxation of individuals with minimal income. The tax-free amount affects the number of receipts from personal income tax to the state budget and local government units. At the same time, the minimum tax-free amount directly impacts the income levels of low-income earners and, more specifically, the number of earnings and motivation to maintain or secure work. The rise in tax-free amounts increases the population's purchasing power, stimulating consumer demand. In a citizen-friendly tax system, the tax-free amount should be a tool of long-term fiscal policy and fairness of personal taxation. At the same time, it should not threaten the stability of the state financial system and local government administration or the ability to perform tasks in the public sphere.  
Źródło:
Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis. Studia Politologica; 2021, 27, 342; 3-15
2081-3333
Pojawia się w:
Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis. Studia Politologica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Glosa do wyroku Trybunału Konstytucyjnego, P 30/11
Commentary on the ruling of the Constitutional Tribunal, P 30/11
Autorzy:
Szwed, Marcin
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/478593.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Europejskie Stowarzyszenie Studentów Prawa ELSA Poland
Tematy:
Constitutional Tribunal
tax law
tax ordinance
limitation
appointed time
tax payer
suspension
tax authorities
Opis:
In the judgment of 17 July 2012 (No. P 30/11), the Constitutional Tribunal held that insofar as Tax Ordinance Art. 70 §6(1) resulted in suspension of the limitations period on a tax obligation in connection with initiation of a fiscal penal proceeding of which the taxpayer has not been informed, at the latest, by the end of the limitations period on the obligation indicated in Tax Ordinance 70 §1, Art. 70 §6(1) is inconsistent with the principle of the citizen’s trust in the state and the law established by the state, under Art. 2 of the Polish Constitution. On the merits, the judgment has to be viewed positively, as in practice the challenged regulation led to gross violations of the principle of citizens' trust in the state and law. Many doubts may arise, however, as to the effects of the judgment. In particular, the wording of the ruling and several statements contained in the grounds of the judgment may cause controversy as to whether the judgment causes effect only with regard to the provision as amended from 2002-2005 or also to the provision in the current version. Second, due to the fact that the challenged provision was not fully derogated by the Tribunal but only in the limited scope, the current legal status is not clear. Moreover, it seems that in order to increase the protection of taxpayers, the Tribunal should have pointed out that the unconstitutionality of the provision results not only from the fact that the taxpayer is not notified about the suspension of the limitation period but also from the fact that such suspension occurs after the initiation of the proceedings in the in rem phase. To avoid instrumental using of the institution of suspension of the limitation period by the tax authorities, the suspension effect should take place in the in personam phase.
Źródło:
Przegląd Prawniczy Europejskiego Stowarzyszenia Studentów Prawa ELSA Poland; 2013, 1; 167-172
2299-8055
Pojawia się w:
Przegląd Prawniczy Europejskiego Stowarzyszenia Studentów Prawa ELSA Poland
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Komplementarność krajowej i wspólnotowej polityki podatkowej
Complementarity of European and Domestic Tax Policy
Autorzy:
Pomorski, Piotr
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1963183.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Akademia Leona Koźmińskiego w Warszawie
Tematy:
polityka podatkowa
suwerenność podatkowa
planowanie podatkowe
Tax policy
tax sovereignty
tax coordination
tax planning
Opis:
Polityka podatkowa jako świadoma i racjonalna działalność prowadząca do osiąg nięcia założonych celów prawnych, ekonomicznych i społecznych wiąże się z władztwem w ramach danego systemu podatkowego. W warunkach członkostwa w Unii Europejskiej problem polityki podatkowej musi być analizowany w sytuacji multicentrycznego systemu podatkowego, gdyż zarówno twórcy, jak i adresaci działań politycznych pozostają jednocześnie w trójreżimie krajowego, wspólnotowego i międzynarodowego prawa podatkowego, co siłą rzeczy wymusza komplementarny charakter działań polityki podatkowej. Autor omawia podstawy prawne tego zjawiska, zastanawiając się nad uwarunkowaniami i ograniczeniami prowadzenia polityki podatkowej w świetle wyzwań, przed którymi stoją współczesne systemy podatkowe.
Tax policy, perceived as a long-term and rational activity which aims to achieve specified legal, economic and social goals has always been connected with the problem of political power within the frames of a given tax system. Regarding the nature of membership in the European Union, issues of tax policy should be analyzed in the context of a ulticentric tax system, since both creators and addressees of political actions remain in a diverse regime of domestic, European and international tax law. The author discusses the legal basis of this phenomenon, which attributes to the complementary nature of the tax policy, reflecting on the conditions and limitations in the light of challenges to be faced by contemporary tax systems.
Źródło:
Krytyka Prawa. Niezależne Studia nad Prawem; 2020, 12, 1; 115-131
2080-1084
2450-7938
Pojawia się w:
Krytyka Prawa. Niezależne Studia nad Prawem
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Tightening tax policy and changes to tax efficiency on the example of companies listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange
Autorzy:
Kowalski, Michał J.
Nesterak, Janusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/24201273.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie. Wydawnictwo AGH
Tematy:
tax management
tax efficiency
tax policy
tightening tax policy
effective tax rate
ETR
current effective tax rate
CERT
Warsaw Stock Exchange
Opis:
The article presents an analysis of changes in the tax efficiency of companies listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange. After 2017, some changes to the tax law aimed at tightening the regulations on an unprecedented scale were introduced. The research conducted showed that since 2018 there has been a decrease in tax efficiency measured with effective tax rate (ETR) and current effective tax rate (CETR). On average, in 2018–2019, the efficiency measured with CETR dropped by 17.7%, the median by 14.8% compared to the previous years. In 2018 and 2019, the value of the CETR was the highest in the entire analyzed period, i.e. from 2012 to 2019. At the same time, the propensity of companies to create deferred tax assets is declining, and the effective tax rate is also growing. The changes mainly concern companies with average tax efficiency, large entities forming capital groups, and companies implementing capital investments. The article presents a discussion on the observed trends and formulates directions for further research.
Źródło:
Managerial Economics; 2022, 23, 2; 153--170
1898-1143
Pojawia się w:
Managerial Economics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Tax expenditures jako ukryta forma wydatków publicznych
Tax Expenditures as a Hidden Form of Government Spending
Autorzy:
Dziemianowicz, Ryta I.
Wyszkowski, Adam
Budlewska, Renata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/574959.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014-06-30
Wydawca:
Szkoła Główna Handlowa w Warszawie. Kolegium Analiz Ekonomicznych
Tematy:
preferencje podatkowe
tax expenditures
ulgi
zwolnienia podatkowe
tax preferences
tax allowances
tax exemptions
Opis:
The article looks at tax expenditures as a type of government spending classified as off-budget expenditures. The authors examine the influence of this form of government spending on the Polish budget. Tax expenditure is the revenue that a government foregoes through special tax credits, deductions, exclusions, exemptions, deferrals, and preferential tax rates. Tax expenditures reduce the tax burden in order to achieve specific tax policy goals. The focus on preferential tax structures is especially important now that many countries are struggling with imbalances in their public finance sectors and are grappling with growing public debts, the authors say. The overall estimated value of tax expenditures in Poland in 2011 amounted to $24.5 billion, according to the authors, while the general government deficit that year was $19 billion. This illustrates the scale of off-budget public spending, the authors say. In 2009–2011, tax expenditures accounted for 16.65% to 19.23% of total public spending, according to the authors, and the loss of government revenue was estimated at between 27.7% and 29.6% of state tax revenue. However, this part of public spending is not always transparent, the authors say. It evades public control and effectively limits the possibility of pursuing a responsible fiscal policy.
Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie istoty tax expenditures jako wydatków zaliczanych do tzw. off-budget expenditures oraz pokazanie konsekwencji budżetowych ich stosowania w Polsce. Realizacja tak sformułowanego celu wymagała przeprowadzenia porównań z zakresu teoretycznych koncepcji tax expenditures oraz praktycznych rozwiązań stosowanych przez poszczególne państwa. Przedmiotowa kategoria jako element prawnej konstrukcji podatku, zaliczana jest do grupy preferencji podatkowych. Służy, przez zmniejszenie lub całkowite ograniczenie zobowiązania podatkowego, realizacji określonych celów polityki podatkowej i jest często, ze względu na możliwość ukrycia i pominięcia w procedurze budżetowej, wykorzystywana przez polityków. Skupienie uwagi na tym aspekcie podatku jest szczególnie istotne w obecnej sytuacji budżetowej, kiedy duża grupa państw, w tym także Polska, boryka się z nierównowagą finansów publicznych i wzrastającym zadłużeniem. Ogólną wartość TEs w Polsce w 2011 r. oszacowano na poziomie 24,5 mld USD. Gdy porówna się tę kwotę do deficytu sektora finansów publicznych, wynoszącego w 2011 r. 19,0 mld USD, wyraźnie widać skalę wydatków realizowanych poza procedurą budżetową. W latach 2009–2011 udział TEs w wydatkach publicznych ogółem kształtował się w przedziale od 16,65 do 19,23%, a utratę dochodów budżetowych w wyniku ich zastosowania oszacowano na poziomie od 27,7 do 29,6% dochodów z podatków państwowych. Ta nie zawsze jawna część wydatków publicznych niestety wymyka się spod kontroli i skutecznie ogranicza możliwość prowadzenia odpowiedzialnej polityki fiskalnej.
Źródło:
Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics; 2014, 271, 3; 35-62
2300-5238
Pojawia się w:
Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Reducing the Tax Burden in Ukraine: Changing Priorities
Autorzy:
Paientko, Tetiana
Oparin, Valeriy
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1933571.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Akademia Leona Koźmińskiego w Warszawie
Tematy:
tax
tax reform
tax-to-GDP ratio
tax burden
index of economic freedom
Opis:
Purpose: To determine the impact of changes in tax burden in Ukraine on the country’s economic freedom. Methodology: The study applies qualitative methods for historical analysis, periodization of reforms, and classification of their key priorities and influences. Quantitative methods are applied to compare tax burden (tax-to-GDP ratio) in Ukraine and OECD countries. The overall success and failure of tax reforms was measured by the index of economic freedom, including its component, the index of tax burden (fiscal freedom). The first hypothesis suggested that a reduction in tax burden positively impacted the level of economic freedom in Ukraine; the second hypothesis stated that a reduction in tax burden positively affected the fiscal freedom of Ukraine. Regressions in average tax burden and the index of economic freedom, including the index of tax burden, were built in R software. Findings: Regression analysis did not confirm the first hypothesis. The second hypothesis was confirmed. Reduced tax burden does not affect the level of economic freedom of Ukraine. This is explained by the slow progress of institutional reforms in Ukraine. The reduction of tax burden has a significant positive impact on the level of fiscal freedom. Practical Implications: The results obtained have practical relevance for the elaboration of fiscal policies in developing countries, in accordance with the country’s economic and political development priorities. Research Limitations/Implications: Future research will include a more in-depth comparative analysis of tax reforms in Ukraine, focusing on the key taxes.
Źródło:
Central European Management Journal; 2020, 28(3); 98-126
2658-0845
2658-2430
Pojawia się w:
Central European Management Journal
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ulgi podatkowe na polskim rynku nieruchomości. Ocena funkcjonowania
Tax preferences on the Polish property market: Evaluation of their functioning
Autorzy:
Łożykowski, Aleksander
Sarnowski, Jan
Zając, Konrad
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/26917825.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Kancelaria Sejmu. Biuro Analiz Sejmowych
Tematy:
tax credit
property market in Poland
housing tax credit
registration tax credit
monument tax credit
thermo-modernisation tax credit
tax relief for expansion
Opis:
The paper discusses the issue of selected tax law institutions that constitute a form of tax credits and other tax incentives relating directly to the immovable property market in a broad sense, which have been implemented into the Polish legal system in recent years. The article includes an analysis of the legal aspects of the functioning of the relevant regulations, the statutory objectives of their introduction, as well as possible disputed issues revealed in the course of their application raised in judicial practice. The authors attempt to answer the research question whether the tax reliefs used in Poland adequately fulfil the tasks set for them by the legislator and how they influence the real estate market in Poland.
Źródło:
Studia BAS; 2023, 4(76); 191-216
2080-2404
2082-0658
Pojawia się w:
Studia BAS
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Can General Tax Law Be Stable?
Autorzy:
Etel, Leonard
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1963188.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Akademia Leona Koźmińskiego w Warszawie
Tematy:
general tax law
tax ordinance
stability of tax law
Opis:
The provisions of general tax law contained in the tax ordinance should be stable. In recent years, however, we have seen an intensifying process involving amending this act. An analysis of the changes made proves that they are introduced in connection with the need to counteract tax fraud, the lack of institutions characteristic of modern acts of this type, and the development of new technologies. The continuous modernisation of the provisions of the over-20-years-old ordinance no longer brings the expected results, and in some cases actually leads to the undermining of the fundamental institutions of tax law. There is a need for a new act. Only the adoption of such an act can contribute to the improvement of the stability of general tax law.
Źródło:
Krytyka Prawa. Niezależne Studia nad Prawem; 2020, 12, 1; 22-34
2080-1084
2450-7938
Pojawia się w:
Krytyka Prawa. Niezależne Studia nad Prawem
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Corporate Income Tax Changes in the Context of Earnings Management: a Review of the Literature
Autorzy:
Krzeczewska, Olga
Serra Coelho, Luís Miguel
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2121897.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-09-14
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
earnings management
tax incentive
tax rate change
tax reform
Opis:
The purpose of the article/hypothesis: This paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of the theoretical and empirical literature regarding tax-induced earnings management. In particular, the association between anticipated tax changes and earnings management is of interest to the authors. Methodology: This paper uses a systematic literature review to achieve its research objectives. Results of the research: The presented research is mostly devoted to tax rate decreases and focuses on accrual-based earnings management methods. In anticipation of a tax rate change, companies shift their income from a high to a low tax rate period. Moreover, the probability of tax-induced earnings management is higher in case of extreme changes in the tax rate, larger prospects for tax savings as well as in case of private firms. This paper identifies several inconsistencies and gaps in the current literature, emphasizing that the connection between firms’ characteristics, the level of book-tax conformity and the practice of earnings management remains unclear.
Źródło:
Finanse i Prawo Finansowe; 2022, 3, 35; 27-41
2391-6478
2353-5601
Pojawia się w:
Finanse i Prawo Finansowe
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Podstata a zásady daňového exekučného konania v daňovom práve na Slovensku
Autorzy:
Moskvičová, Mária
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2148642.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008
Wydawca:
Instytut Studiów Międzynarodowych i Edukacji Humanum
Tematy:
tax
tax law
Slovak Republic
Opis:
Tax execution pursuance and tax pursuance are important tax legal institutions which were established effectively from 1. September 1999.These institutions modified these former laws concerning enforcement of tax payments through this tax pursuance. The author ́s main focus in this article is centered on tax execution pursuance and on the legal principles of law and the foundation of tax execution. In this connection we will concentrate on rules regarding right exclusivity and the process of carrying out tax execution pursuance and also the beginning of fulfilment of tax execution pursuance communique and the obligation to investigate fulfilment of conditions for implementing this pursuance adequacy to the extent of tax execution and so on.
Źródło:
Humanum. Międzynarodowe Studia Społeczno-Humanistyczne; 2008, 2(2); 171-178
1898-8431
Pojawia się w:
Humanum. Międzynarodowe Studia Społeczno-Humanistyczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Aktuálne otázky vedy daňového práva na slovensku
Autorzy:
Babčák, Vladimír
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2141745.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Instytut Studiów Międzynarodowych i Edukacji Humanum
Tematy:
tax law
tax law science
Opis:
The article deals with the problem of actual questions of tax law science. In connection with this, the author points out that not only is tax law a new branch of Slovak law, but tax law science is also a new event of legal science. The background for an investigation of the matter is to understand tax law as a new, independent branch of law, which is a part of the legal order of Slovak republic. Furthermore, the author concentrates on the definition of the subject of tax law science. He states that the subject of tax law science is formed by these basic areas: a) tax-law institutes and tax-law legal regulations, b) tax, or tax-law relationships, c) tax legislation and law making in the area of taxes and fees. The author also pays adequate attention to the aim of tax law science, its functions and the methods it uses. In the final parts of the article, the author concentrates on specific basic areas of problems, which may as well be indicated as the current objectives of tax law science.
Źródło:
Humanum. Międzynarodowe Studia Społeczno-Humanistyczne; 2009, 3(3); 9-24
1898-8431
Pojawia się w:
Humanum. Międzynarodowe Studia Społeczno-Humanistyczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
On the Issue of Excess Tax Arising Due to the Constitutional Tribunal’s Rulings
Autorzy:
Dowgier, Rafał
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1965378.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Akademia Leona Koźmińskiego w Warszawie
Tematy:
tax law
Constitutional Tribunal
excess tax
revision of tax proceeding
Opis:
One of the fundamental powers of the Constitutional Tribunal – granted by the provisions of the constitution – is to decide on the compliance of particular statutes with the Constitution of the Republic of Poland. The Tribunal’s rulings concern tax statutes as well, which implies specific consequences connected with the verification of the accuracy of tax settlements made under a challenged provision and leads essentially to excess tax being calculated. Such situations have not been uncommon recently, which justifies a more profound reflection on this issue in the context of rationality of verification of procedures regulated under the Tax Ordinance Act, which concern tax obligations arising from a declaration or a decision. It seems reasonable to put forward a thesis that the non-uniform nature of the Constitutional Tribunal’s rulings has not been considered to a sufficient extent in the provisions of this statute. This leads to certain practical problems with tax law, which will be outlined in this study.
Źródło:
Krytyka Prawa. Niezależne Studia nad Prawem; 2019, 11, 2; 187-203
2080-1084
2450-7938
Pojawia się w:
Krytyka Prawa. Niezależne Studia nad Prawem
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Pro-Ecological Preferences in Real Estate Tax on the Example of Municipal Communes of the Silesian Voivodeship
Autorzy:
Famulska, Teresa
Szymczak, Magdalena
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2168378.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej
Tematy:
real estate tax
pro-ecological tax preferences
local tax sovereignty
Opis:
Theoretical background: In the light of the sustainable development paradigm, the concepts and categories of public finance science require verification. This issue concerns, among others, taxes in terms of making them pro-ecological. Therefore, the necessity to research shaping sustainable taxes is justified not only by its importance and topicality but also by the fact that it is not sufficiently recognized in the literature. In particular, this regards research into the Polish tax system.Purpose of the article: The article aims to identify and assess pro-ecological real estate tax allowances and exemptions applied within the local tax sovereignty on the example of municipal communes of the Silesian Voivodeship.Research methods: The article employed literature studies (due to the specific nature of the subject – mainly domestic), analysis of the economic aspect of legal acts, in particular local law, simple statistical methods, and elements of comparative analysis. Empirical research was carried out on a full sample (49) of municipal communes of the Silesian Voivodeship. The analysis covered all resolutions of municipal councils from five years, i.e., from 2017 to 2021 (and in some cases also from earlier years), regarding real estate tax allowances and exemptions. In total, this amounts to 580 resolutions, the provisions of which were in force from 2018 to 2021 and are still applicable in 2022.Main findings: The study identified pro-ecological real estate tax allowance and exemption provisions, introduced under the tax sovereignty by the councils of the surveyed municipal communes. The authors proposed their own classification of the preferences in question and carried out their assessment, also in a comparative approach. The conducted research provides the basis for positive verification of the adopted research hypothesis, assuming that pro-ecological real estate tax allowances and exemptions are applied by municipal authorities to a limited extent. Directions for further research on the discussed issues were outlined at the end.
Źródło:
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio H – Oeconomia; 2022, 56, 3; 19-35
0459-9586
2449-8513
Pojawia się w:
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio H – Oeconomia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Konsekwencje zmian ulgi prorodzinnej w polskim systemie podatkowym
Effects of changes in the Pro-family Tax Relief in The Polish Tax System
Autorzy:
Mazurek, Edyta
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/434030.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu
Tematy:
personal income tax
statutory tax rate
child tax credit
the progressivity index
tax fairness
Opis:
Since 2007 a child tax credit, used by almost 17% of taxpayers, has been in effect in the Polish tax system. It is one of the applicable tax reliefs with the greatest financial impact. It unquestionably represents a considerable aid to families with several children, which is of great importance taking account of the demographic problem faced by Poland. Starting from 2012 the child tax credit has been successively modified. The main purpose of the article is the statistical analysis of the consequences of changes intro-duced to the child tax credit such as the state budget revenue from personal income tax and the progressivity of the tax system, the level of income redistribution, and the tax fairness.
Źródło:
Śląski Przegląd Statystyczny; 2015, 13 (19); 161-175
1644-6739
Pojawia się w:
Śląski Przegląd Statystyczny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Podatkowe i niepodatkowe obciążenia i ich wpływ na funkcjonowanie przedsiębiorstw
Tax and non-tax burdens and their impact on the functioning of enterprises
Autorzy:
Paweł, Felis
Grzegorz, Otczyk
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/7469127.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Kancelaria Sejmu. Biuro Analiz Sejmowych
Tematy:
tax and non-tax burdens
personal income tax
corporate income tax
VAT
property taxes
Opis:
The article focuses on the corporate fiscal burdens in Poland. The authors discuss the taxes (on income, sales, property, as well as flat-rate taxation forms) and para-taxes (social and health insurance premiums) which in short- and long-term affect entrepreneurial decisions. The analysis pinpoints the structural elements of taxes which enable various tax strategies. On the basis of the empirical data collected the authors determine as well the average amount of income tax, the scale of use of stimulus instruments, the level of impact of the discussed burdens on the financial results of enterprises, and costs related to property taxes and social insurance.
Źródło:
Studia BAS; 2019, 2(58); 57-83
2080-2404
2082-0658
Pojawia się w:
Studia BAS
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wstęp do badań nad ujednoliceniem podstawy opodatkowania w Unii Europejskiej
Introduction to research to harmonize the tax base in the European Union
Autorzy:
Iwin-Garzyńska, Jolanta
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/424931.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu
Tematy:
income tax
tax base
corporate finance
Opis:
One of the main objectives to be accomplished by the European Union law is to eliminate barriers to the functioning of domestic market and in particular improve the competitiveness of enterprises. The paper addresses issues relating to tax in corporate finance. Canons of taxation are discussed and special emphasis is placed on principles behind formulating fiscal law provisions (including the EU law). Furthermore, the article presents the results of surveys into the importance of taxation cannons for Polish companies.
Źródło:
Econometrics. Ekonometria. Advances in Applied Data Analytics; 2015, 4 (50); 92-104
1507-3866
Pojawia się w:
Econometrics. Ekonometria. Advances in Applied Data Analytics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wpływ sprawy karnej na zobowiązanie podatkowe. Ocena zgodności z Konstytucją przepisów Ordynacji podatkowej zawieszających bieg terminu przedawnienia zobowiązania podatkowego osoby uniewinnionej od zarzutu popełnienia przestępstwa skarbowego
The impact of a criminal case on the tax obligations. Assessment of the constitutionality of provisions of the Tax Ordinance suspending the limitation period of tax obligations of a person acquitted of the charge of committing a tax crime
Autorzy:
Trochimiuk, Łukasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2194648.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Kancelaria Sejmu. Biuro Analiz Sejmowych
Tematy:
Constitutional Tribunal
tax ordinance
tax offense
Opis:
The author of the draft position regarding the constitutional complaint argues that the indicated provision of the Tax Ordinance Act conforms to the Constitution to the extent that it results in the suspension of the limitation period for tax liability as a result of initiating proceedings for a tax crime in a situation where, as a result of court proceedings, an acquittal was issued for the benefit of the accused. The contested provision does not infringe the constitutional principles of equality and property rights and its aim is to bring about the fulfillment of one of the fundamental constitutional duties of an individual, namely the participation in the costs of functioning of the state through payment of due tax liabilities.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS; 2022, 1(73); 301-333
1896-9852
2082-064X
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Efekty wprowadzenia dwóch stóp w podatku dochodowym od osób fizycznych w 2009 roku
The Effects of Introducing Two Personal Income Tax Rates in 2009
Autorzy:
Morawski, Leszek
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/575747.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009-08-31
Wydawca:
Szkoła Główna Handlowa w Warszawie. Kolegium Analiz Ekonomicznych
Tematy:
personal income tax
tax rates
households
tax-benefit microsimulation model
Opis:
Three important income reforms have been carried out in Poland since 2007, involving a reduction in social insurance premiums, the introduction of a tax break for families with children, and the replacement of three personal income rates (19%, 30% and 40%) with two rates (18% and 32%). Morawski uses a tax-benefit microsimulation model (SIMPL) and household budget data from 2006 to examine the results of the 2009 income reform. By comparing two hypothetical breakdowns of disposable household incomes, the author shows that the reform has primarily benefited the wealthiest households, while the incomes of many poor households have not changed. In all, the incomes of more than 15 percent of the households have not changed after the reform, Morawski says. At the same time, analyses show that the reform has benefited many single-member and pensioner households which did not benefit from previous reforms. The results described in the paper were obtained with the assumption that the supply of labor would not change. Labor market analyses show that such an assumption is justified in the case of the 2009 tax reform, the author says.
Źródło:
Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics; 2009, 233, 7-8; 37-58
2300-5238
Pojawia się w:
Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Determinants of the VAT gap - part 2
Autorzy:
Hoza, Beata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/19233674.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-12-30
Wydawca:
Wyższa Szkoła Finansów i Prawa w Bielsku-Białej
Tematy:
tax gap
vat gap
Value Added Tax (VAT)
tax frauds
Opis:
The purpose of the paper is to identify the determinants of the gap in Value Added Tax and to assess the measures already taken in order to seal this gap. A thorough understanding of the VAT gap mechanism will facilitate the implementation of appropriate measures to limit the scale of occurrence of tax offenses. Determinants of the VAT gap do not only embrace tax fraud and tax evasion, although these two factors are the most important and are sometimes even identified with the concept of VAT gap. (presented are in Part 1 of this article). The size of the gap is also affected by other factors such as methodological errors, cyclical factors, gray area, problems with financial liquidity and bankruptcy of taxpayers. Their importance and problems with estimation will be presented in this part of the article.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Naukowe Wyższej Szkoły Finansów i Prawa w Bielsku-Białej; 2022, 26, 4; 125-130
2543-9103
2543-411X
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Naukowe Wyższej Szkoły Finansów i Prawa w Bielsku-Białej
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Metody unikania podwójnego opodatkowania w świetle wielostronnej konwencji implementującej środki traktatowego prawa podatkowego
Methods of Avoiding Double Taxation under the Multilateral Convention to Implement Tax Treaty-Related Measures (MLI)
Autorzy:
Jamroży, Marcin
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/596229.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Łódzkie Towarzystwo Naukowe
Tematy:
multilateral instrument (MLI); BEPS; tax credit; tax exemption; tax treaty abuse
Opis:
The objective of this article is to present the solutions adopted in the Multilateral Convention to implement tax treaty-related measures to prevent base erosion and profit shifting. It also assesses the solutions, taking into account the final tax burden of the taxpayer’s income. The far wider application of the ordinary tax credit method and the instruments to limit the abuse of double taxation treaties are consistent with the current Polish tax policy aims. The amendments provided for in the Multilateral Convention ensure Capital Export Neutrality (CEN).  
Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie rozwiązań przyjętych w Konwencji wielostronnej implementującej środki traktatowego prawa podatkowego mające na celu zapobieganie erozji podstawy opodatkowania i przenoszenia zysku oraz ich ocena przy uwzględnieniu finalnego obciążenia podatkowego dochodów podatnika. Szersze stosowanie metody zaliczenia zwykłego oraz instrumentów ograniczających nadużywanie UPO wpisuje się w cele aktualnej polskiej polityki podatkowej. Zmiany przewidziane w Konwencji wielostronnej zapewniają tzw. neutralność pod względem podatkowym eksportu kapitału.
Źródło:
Studia Prawno-Ekonomiczne; 2018, 107; 11-31
0081-6841
Pojawia się w:
Studia Prawno-Ekonomiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Władztwo podatkowe państwa i samorządu terytorialnego w zakresie podatków dochodowych – model scentralizowany czy zdecentralizowany?
State tax authority and income tax collection. A centralized or decentralized model?
Autorzy:
Kulicki, Jacek
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/11364387.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Kancelaria Sejmu. Biuro Analiz Sejmowych
Tematy:
personal income tax
corporate income tax
local government units
tax authority
Opis:
The paper overviews the division of competences between the central government and local government units regarding tax authority in the field of income taxation of natural and legal persons. The author looks at the following issues: income taxes as a source of own revenue of local government units, division of tasks and competences in the field of establishing rules regarding income tax, entitlement of local government units to their rates and collection. In the last section of the paper he presents conclusions and recommendations on the division of tasks and competences between the central government and local government units regarding the income tax collection.
Źródło:
Studia BAS; 2018, 2(54); 93-112
2080-2404
2082-0658
Pojawia się w:
Studia BAS
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Diagnoza i ocena wybranych kierunków zmian opodatkowania nieruchomości mieszkaniowych w Polsce
Diagnosis and assessment of selected directions of changes in residential real estate taxation in Poland
Autorzy:
Felis, Paweł
Bernardelli, Michał
Bem, Agnieszka
Makowska, Anita
Kowalska, Milena
Otczyk, Grzegorz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/26917823.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Kancelaria Sejmu. Biuro Analiz Sejmowych
Tematy:
property tax
value property tax
vacant property tax
tax on subsequent properties
taxation of housing funds
Opis:
The property tax system in Poland has not been significantly reformed over the last 30 years. The article presents arguments for and against introducing selected solutions in Poland (such as value property tax, vacant property tax, tax on subsequent properties and taxation of housing funds). It aims to explain the influence of each solution on the real estate market and to indicate budgetary consequences for local government units.
Źródło:
Studia BAS; 2023, 4(76); 163-190
2080-2404
2082-0658
Pojawia się w:
Studia BAS
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Opodatkowanie dochodów małżonków i rodziny, w tym wynikających z zarządzania (dysponowania) majątkiem rodzinnym – obecny i postulowany model
Income taxation and the family. The law as it stands and as it should stand
Autorzy:
Damaz, Marta
Gorąca-Paczuska, Jolanta
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/11364390.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Kancelaria Sejmu. Biuro Analiz Sejmowych
Tematy:
personal income tax
family’s income taxation
inheritance and donation tax
tax reliefs and tax exemptions
Opis:
The authors look at the taxation of family and its members in Poland. The first section defines the family in the Polish tax law. In the second section, the catalogue of income that can be generated by members of family and instruments for shaping family’s situation in tax law is presented. In the next section the authors discuss how the Polish tax law is applied in practice. The article concludes with proposals relating to revision of the income taxation system. The authors argue that it is essential to introduce the definition of family that will be common to all taxes, modify the system of tax exemptions and tax reliefs, and change tax rates.
Źródło:
Studia BAS; 2018, 2(54); 155-177
2080-2404
2082-0658
Pojawia się w:
Studia BAS
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zmiany w procedurach podatkowych i uprawnieniach organów podatkowych – ich znaczenie w kontekście uszczelniania systemu podatkowego w Polsce w latach 2015–2019
Changes to tax procedures and powers of tax authorities: their impact on the tightening of the tax system in Poland in 2015–2019
Autorzy:
Janiszewska, Magdalena
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2898503.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Kancelaria Sejmu. Biuro Analiz Sejmowych
Tematy:
tax procedures in Poland
powers of tax authorities
tightening of the tax system
tax gap
Opis:
One of the effects of globalization is the intensification of tax avoidance which leads to the erosion of tax bases in many tax jurisdictions. Not surprisingly, one of the main objectives of governmental policies is to tighten (seal) their tax systems. This can be illustrated by the changes to the tax procedures and powers of tax authorities introduced in Poland. The aim of the article is to examine to what extent these changes have impacted the tax gap. The author analyzed the relevant literature, legal provisions and empirical data. The results demonstrate that the changes in question deserve approval and they could impact the tax gap. However, they do not fully solve the problems resulting from the former legal solutions and it is not entirely clear whether the higher revenues to the state budget result from the activities of tax authorities or whether they are primarily driven by economic growth and the growth in prosperity. The constantly growing gap in foreign CIT also calls for further action.
Źródło:
Studia BAS; 2020, 4(64); 9-27
2080-2404
2082-0658
Pojawia się w:
Studia BAS
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Nieetyczne postawy podatników jako zagrożenie bezpieczeństwa finansowego państwa
Autorzy:
Pasternak-Malicka, Monika
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/629993.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Szkoła Główna Handlowa w Warszawie
Tematy:
tax morality, tax fraud, grey economy
Opis:
The article describes the ethical aspect of the taxpayers’ attitudes and summariesresearch indicating a deficit of ethical behavior among households and businessentities. Linear regression method was used to show the statistical relationshipbetween the level of the shadow economy and tax revenues in Poland. The purposeof this article is to present the essence of Poles’ morality on taxation resultingfrom the loss of civil instinct and ethical behavior in the context of their impacton the financial security of the state.
Źródło:
Kwartalnik Kolegium Ekonomiczno-Społecznego Studia i Prace; 2015, 3, 4; 129-143
2082-0976
Pojawia się w:
Kwartalnik Kolegium Ekonomiczno-Społecznego Studia i Prace
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The role of education in forming voluntary tax compliance
Autorzy:
Kołodziej, Sabina
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/443112.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
ADVSEO
Tematy:
TAX COMPLIANCE
TAX BEHAVIOR
ATTITUDES
EDUCATION
Opis:
The article describes a variety of factors determining taxpayers willingness to pay taxes. External, referred to economic variables (e.g. tax rates, income), and internal, related to psychological features (e.g. knowledge, motivational postures), factors are distinguished. Particularly, the relation between the level of economic knowledge and attitudes toward taxation is discussed.
Źródło:
General and Professional Education; 2011, 1; 22-25
2084-1469
Pojawia się w:
General and Professional Education
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wady i zalety wprowadzenia podatku katastralnego
Advantages and Disadvantages of Introduction of Cadastral Tax
Autorzy:
Piekut, Joanna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/440005.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Akademia Finansów i Biznesu Vistula
Tematy:
podatek
podatek katastralny
tax
cadastral tax
Opis:
Celem rozważań jest przedstawienie zakresu, który będzie obejmował podatek katastralny, reguły określenia wartości katastralnej oraz sposoby szacowania wartości katastralnej z ogólnych reguł wyceny nieruchomości. Omówiono tematykę ulg i zwolnień, górne limity stawek, koszty wprowadzenia nowego podatku, a także jego wpływ na rynek nieruchomości. Wprowadzenie podatku wiąże się ze znacznym wzrostem kosztów wynajmu nieruchomości oraz negatywnym nastawieniem inwestorów do inwestowania w nieruchomości, gdyż wzrost wartości nieruchomości wiązałby się ze wzrostem podatku.
An aim of considerations is to present the scope which will comprise cadastral tax, the rules of determination of cadastral value as the ways of cadastral value estimation out of the general rules of real estate appraisal. The author discussed the subjects of benefits and exemptions, the rates upper limits, costs of new tax introduction as well as its impact on the real estate market. The tax introduction is connected with a signifi cant growth of costs of real estate rent as well as negative attitude of investors to invest in real estate as the growth of real estate value would be connected with tax growth.
Źródło:
Kwartalnik Naukowy Uczelni Vistula; 2014, 3(41); 82-90
2084-4689
Pojawia się w:
Kwartalnik Naukowy Uczelni Vistula
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
ZMIANY STRUKTURY OBCIĄŻEŃ PODATKOWYCH W PAŃSTWACH UNII EUROPEJSKIEJ W OKRESIE KRYZYSU A PRZEWIDYWANIA TEORII KONKURENCJI PODATKOWEJ
Changes of tax burden structure in the european union countries during the crisis vs. predictions of tax competition theory
Autorzy:
Kudła, Janusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/950724.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu
Tematy:
tax competition
tax system
financial crisis
Opis:
The article verifies the impact of economic variables on the tax burden in the European Union countries, which took place in period 2006-2011. We concentrate especially on compatibility with the predictions of some theories of international taxation. The confirmation of selected predictions should allow for the better understanding of the mechanisms behind the observed tax adjustments and to construct new theoretical models better fitted to the observations. We especially test for example: the hypothesis of tax competition in traditional form and with agglomeration effects, compensation hypothesis, hypothesis of tax export and fiscal solvency hypothesis. The main results confirm the impact of the crisis on the increase of the capital and labor tax burden. However, this effect has not led to the significant growth of the tax revenues. It stipulates that the situation of each country is more relevant for the explanations of the results than the weakening or strengthening of tax competition during the crisis.
Źródło:
Financial Sciences. Nauki o Finansach; 2014, 3(20); 11-27
2080-5993
2449-9811
Pojawia się w:
Financial Sciences. Nauki o Finansach
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Income tax exemption for selected revenues earned by police officers
Autorzy:
Goettel, Aleksy
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1804603.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-07-17
Wydawca:
Wyższa Szkoła Policji w Szczytnie
Tematy:
Police
taxes
tax preferences
tax exemptions
Opis:
Revenues of police offi cers obtained for their service, as in case of other professional groups, are subject to personal income tax. However, this does not change the fact that certain categories of the above benefi ts have been treated favourably in terms of the tax law. By means of the exemptions in question, the tax legislator waives the obligation to pay tax on benefi ts which, due to their specifi c nature (e.g. relating to the specifi c nature of the business relationship, social, family, health or other axiological considerations), should remain free of tax. The important thing is that the analysed tax preferences are differentiated in terms of their legal structure — while some of them cover only cash benefi ts, in some cases they concern benefi ts in kind. In addition, some tax exemptions for police offi cers do not involve waiving the obligation to pay tax of the full amount of income from a particular source, but only a certain part of it. The exemption from income tax for certain categories of benefi ts received by police offi cers has a direct impact on the performance of so-called instrumental duties, in particular the obligation to submit income tax returns.
Źródło:
Przegląd Policyjny; 2020, 137(1); 22-37
0867-5708
Pojawia się w:
Przegląd Policyjny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ocena rządowego projektu nowelizacji ustawy o podatku od towarow i usług oraz ustawy – Ordynacja podatkowa
Assessment of the governmental Bill on Amendment of the VAT Act and the Tax Ordinance Act
Autorzy:
Jacek, Kulicki
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2215821.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Kancelaria Sejmu. Biuro Analiz Sejmowych
Tematy:
tax ordinance act
tax
bill
VAT
Opis:
In the author’s opinion the proposed change in the way of identifying goods and services for VAT purposes, taking as a point of reference the coherence with the EU law, should be assessed positively. The consequence of these changes will be a reduction in the tax rate regarding books and electronic journals. However, raising the tax rate for, among others, certain fruit drinks may have negative economic, social and political consequences. According to the author, increasing VAT rates should be justified for both economic and social reasons.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS; 2019, 2(62); 187-200
1896-9852
2082-064X
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A model of aggressive tax optimization with the use of royalties
Autorzy:
Kutera, Małgorzata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/522304.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny w Katowicach
Tematy:
Multinationals
Royalties
Tax avoidance
Tax optimization
Opis:
Aim/purpose – Today, international capital flows play a leading role in shaping global economic relations and directly impact the budgets of many states. What is of major importance in this process are the differences and legal loopholes in tax systems of individual states, which allow profits to be taxed at the minimum percentage rate. Tax avoidance is particularly popular among corporations operating in global markets, which use various mechanisms for this purpose. The main aim of this article is to present a model of aggressive tax optimization based on the flow of royalties in supranational groups. Design/methodology/approach – The description of the model was preceded by a detailed analysis of transactions concluded between companies in connection with the current tax regulations effective in particular countries. The key tool was an analysis of case studies of tax optimization mechanisms used by the largest multinational corporations, mainly Google, Apple, Facebook and Microsoft. The main source of data consisted in the reports of OECD on this topic, the annual 10-K financial statements filed with the SEC by Google Inc. (Alphabet Inc.) and detailed legal regulations on taxing international transactions. Findings – The popular mechanisms of tax avoidance include the skillful use of transfer pricing, fees for intangible services, royalty transfers, establishing offshore companies, the flow of loans and dividends. The most important of them are royalty transfers, which have been used by every company analyzed. The most effective model in this regard was established by Google. It is based on a network of subsidiaries registered mainly in Ireland and the Netherlands which apply preferential rules to tax such transactions. Research implications/limitations – The exact identification of tax avoidance mechanisms used in practice allows gaps in tax law to be identified and hence charts the directions of the necessary legislation changes. It also allows the losses of the budgets of individual states to be assessed. However, one must be aware that the complete elimination of aggressive tax optimization is impossible. This is because it represents one of the basic areas of effective financial management at enterprises. Originality/value/contribution – The scope of this article fills, to some extent, the research gap that exists in connection with publicizing tax avoidance mechanisms, the detailed presentation of transactions and the tax benefits resulting from them.
Źródło:
Journal of Economics and Management; 2017, 30; 85-98
1732-1948
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Economics and Management
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Unikanie i uchylanie się od opodatkowania, jako sposoby zarządzania podatkami konsumenta – o zagrożeniach i przeciwdziałaniu
Autorzy:
Abramczyk, Damian
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1022344.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-01-25
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
podatek
system podatkowy
unikanie od opodatkowania
uchylanie się od opodatkowania
funkcje podatków
cele podatków
cechy stałe podatku
tax
tax system
tax avoidance
tax evasion
tax functions
tax purposes
fixed tax characteristics
Opis:
Podstawowym celem konsumenta jest nieustanne zaspokajanie swoich potrzeb, co realizuje się przez wydatkowanie wcześniej zgromadzonych dochodów. Ten dąży do ciągłego polepszania swojej sytuacji materialnej. Wypracowane dochody stanowią główny sposób utrzymania jego oraz jego najbliższych. Te, w swojej definicji spełniają jednak wiele innych, równie istotnych funkcji – ich odprowadzona część zasila bowiem budżet Skarbu Państwa, który, na drodze redystrybucji, zostaje pożytkowany na potrzeby zbiorowe społeczeństwa. Bardzo często spotyka się to z dezaprobatą i ogólną niechęcią opodatkowanych. W poniższym artykule zostaną przedstawione najważniejsze funkcje systemu podatkowego, w oparciu o system obowiązujący na terenie Rzeczpospolitej Polskiej. Zawiera on także reakcje podatników na obecną sytuację prawno‑ekonomiczną oraz ukaże najbardziej podstawowe sposoby unikania oraz uchylania się od opodatkowania.
The consumer's primary goal is spending previously earned money. Earned income is the main way to keep him and his relatives. However, these, in their definition, fulfill many other, equally important functions – their discharged part supplies the State Treasury budget, which, through redistribution, is used for the activities important for the public. Very often this is met with disapproval and general tax reluctance. The article below will present the most important functions of the tax system, based on the system in effect in the territory of the Republic of Poland. It also includes taxpayers' reactions to the current legal and economic situation and will reveal the most basic ways to avoid and evade taxation.
Źródło:
Finanse i Prawo Finansowe; 2019, 2, 22; 9-22
2391-6478
2353-5601
Pojawia się w:
Finanse i Prawo Finansowe
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Funkcjonowanie Urzędu Podatkowego w Królestwie Norwegii
The functioning of Norwegian tax administration
Autorzy:
Kubylis, Rita
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1185130.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014-06-02
Wydawca:
Szkoła Główna Handlowa w Warszawie
Tematy:
tax
tax administration
tax policy
tax returns
tax system
income tax
tax advance
commune
state
podatek
urząd podatkowy
polityka podatkowa
zeznanie podatkowe
system podatkowy
podatek dochodowy
zaliczka na podatek
gmina
państwo
Opis:
Norweski Urząd Podatkowy ma wieloletnią tradycję, długą historię, jednocześnie jednak pozostaje otwarty na potrzeby obywateli i wychodzi naprzeciw ich oczekiwaniom. Ciągle modernizuje się i ulepsza swoje usługi dla podatników. Polityka podatkowa rozwijana była w Norwegii już od średniowiecza, gdy początkowo główną rolę odgrywał kościół, potem dopiero król i państwo. W kolejnym etapie rozwoju urzędy podlegać zaczęły gminom, aż w latach 60. XX w. przejęte zostały całkowicie przez państwo. Kamieniem milowym w historii rozwoju Urzędu Podatkowego była reforma z roku 1911, kiedy wprowadzono obowiązkowe zeznanie podatkowe. W 1957 r. weszło w życie bieżące, miesięczne odprowadzanie podatku dochodowego oraz zaliczki na podatek od osób prowadzących działalność gospodarczą. Kolejnym ogromnym przełomem było w latach 70. objęcie funkcji dyrektora przez Erlinga Ree-Pedersena - ekonomistę, a nie jak dotychczas prawnika. Zaczął on zarządzać organizacją i wychodzić naprzeciw potrzebom podatników, zbliżając działalność urzędu do obywateli. Usprawnienia technologiczne, które sukcesywnie następowały w kolejnych latach, udowodniły tylko, że tak mało popularna wśród obywateli instytucja jak Urząd Podatkowy, może być jednak przyjazna i dostępna za pomocą najnowocześniejszych technologii. Norweski Urząd Podatkowy to instytucja, która wzbudza zaufanie obywateli, zwłaszcza że głównym zadaniem polityki podatkowej jest zapewnienie państwu odpowiedniego poziomu dochodu. Jednocześnie zadaniem Norwegii, jako państwa dobrobytu, jest zapewnienie obywatelom odpowiedniego poziomu życia za pomocą m.in. sprawnie funkcjonującej polityki podatkowej, pozwalającej na finansowanie przez państwo podstawowych dziedzin życia publicznego.
The Norwegian Tax Office constitutes an institution with a long tradition and history, but as well opened to the citizens' needs and meeting their expectations. It is an institution which is in a constant movement through modernisation and improvement of its services. The history of the tax system goes back to the medieval times. The tax policy has been developed since Middle Ages, when the main role was played by the church, then by the king or the state. In the next periods the tax offices were managed by the municipalities and at last, in the 60. were fully taken over by the state. A milestone in the Norwegian Tax Office's history was a reform from 1911, where the obligatory tax return was introduced and from 1957 where the current each-monthincome tax payment was implemented. For those running own businesses the advance tax payment was developed. These solutions have been applicable with success since then until now. The next big progress was made in the late 70. when the leadership was taken over by the economist, not a lawyer which was a rule then, Erling Ree-Pedersen, who started managing the organization and seeing it as a whole unity. Thanks to this approach the Tax Office has been moved closer to the tax payers and started to meet their expectations. The technological solutions, which occurred in the next years and have been developed since, have just proved that the institution which is so little popular can be helpful, friendly and approachable through the newest technologies. The Norwegian Tax Office is an institution which evokes trust among citizens, especially that the main aim of the tax policy is supporting the state with sufficient income level. Simultaneously the main aim of Norway as a welfare state is supplying the citizens with the appropriate life standard through, among others, efficient tax policy, allowing to finance the main fields within public policy.
Źródło:
Studia z Polityki Publicznej; 2014, 1, 2(2); 133-156
2391-6389
2719-7131
Pojawia się w:
Studia z Polityki Publicznej
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Tax on revenue from buildings after the latest amendment: characteristics and doubts
Autorzy:
Tekielak, Jakub
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1595848.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Szczeciński. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Szczecińskiego
Tematy:
tax on revenue from buildings
personal income tax
corporate income tax
Opis:
The aim of the article was to describe the current tax on revenue from buildings and to present the doubts connected with it. The author analysed legal acts, interpretations of the tax authorities, judgments of administrative courts, and views of tax law scholars and com- mentators for the article. The tax on revenue from buildings (until 2018 also known as the tax on commercial real estate) is a relatively new tax under Polish law. It was introduced in 2018, though it was amended considerably in 2019. Although it is regulated by the Personal Income Tax Act and the Corporate Income Tax Act, in fact it should be recognised as a kind of wealth tax. The taxpayers are the owners of buildings that are wholly or partially used for the purposes of tenancy, lease, and other similar contracts (the total value of the building has to exceed PLN 10 million). The tax rate is 0.035% of the buildings value, paid monthly. It can be deducted from advance payments for income tax, and next it can be deducted from the income tax amount indicated in an annual tax return. The tax has created many doubts over interpretation. Some of them could be eliminated through the legislature’s amendments to the relevant provisions.
Źródło:
Acta Iuris Stetinensis; 2020, 29, 1; 165-175
2083-4373
2545-3181
Pojawia się w:
Acta Iuris Stetinensis
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Agresywna optymalizacja podatkowa - Unikanie obciążeń związanych z CIT
Aggressive Tax Optimisation – CIT Avoidance
Autorzy:
Pastuszka, Jacek
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/416819.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018-08
Wydawca:
Najwyższa Izba Kontroli
Tematy:
tax optimisation
corporate income tax
business activity
tax rate
budget expenditures
Opis:
The article aims to describe the issue of aggressive tax optimisation, which relies on avoidance or evasion of taxation by entrepreneurs. This consists in the activities stemming from the legal regulations that do not reflect the actual and reliable transactions, or actual business processes, but are directed, primarily, at lowering the taxation level instead. This is a complex and multi-dimensional issue that results in state budgets’ losses amounting to many billions every year. In his article, the author also presented the impact of such practices on the condition of public finances of several Member States of the European Union, including Poland, on the competition, as well as the quality of citizens’ lives. The issue has been analysed with regard to corporate income tax (CIT).
Źródło:
Kontrola Państwowa; 2018, 63, 4 (381); 138-157
0452-5027
Pojawia się w:
Kontrola Państwowa
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
German tax consolidation regimes in an international comparison
Autorzy:
Hybka, Małgorzata Magdalena
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/20874780.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-01-19
Wydawca:
Szkoła Główna Handlowa w Warszawie. Kolegium Zarządzania i Finansów
Tematy:
fiscal consolidation
Germany
corporate income tax
trade tax
value added tax
Opis:
The tax climate of a jurisdiction may encourage or discourage potential investors. There are many tax factors taken into account by multinational enterprises when making location decisions. One of those factors is the possibility of creating a group for tax purposes. Consolidation allows two or more companies to be potentially considered as a single entity for tax purposes. The European Union and OECD member states offer tax grouping regimes on different conditions. This article reviews the German tax consolidation model and discusses requirements and options for that consolidation. Moreover, it compares German consolidation rules with the ones implemented in selected countries. The methodology of this article is determined by the research objectives and the research topic. The requirements for tax consolidation are specified in the law implemented in European countries. Hence, this article includes a legislative analysis of the regulations comprised in selected national acts. It also reviews the literature on the topic analysed, along with the statistical data collected by the German Federal Ministry of Finance in regard to the tax groups and their functioning.
Źródło:
Journal of Management and Financial Sciences; 2019, 38; 85-97
1899-8968
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Management and Financial Sciences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Rewolta podatkowa – społeczna perspektywa Polskiego Ładu
The Tax Revolt – Social Perspective of the Polish Deal
Autorzy:
Werner, Aleksander
Wierzbicki, Jarosław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/28762129.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-11-29
Wydawca:
Instytut Studiów Podatkowych Modzelewski i wspólnicy
Tematy:
rewolty podatkowe
rewolucje podatkowe
opór podatkowy
tax revolts
tax revolution
tax resistance
Opis:
Zwiększanie obciążeń podatkowych i liczby obowiązków podatkowych z historycznego punktu widzenia skutkowało oporem podatkowym. Jak pokazuje analiza historyczna, opór podatkowy przekształcał się w bardziej skrajne manifesty opodatkowanych, które kończyły się rewoltami podatkowymi. W artykule przedstawiono przykłady takich sytuacji w Polsce oraz innych państwach. Istotne jest to, że ostatnie czasy mogą sprzyjać powstawaniu takich zjawisk. Wynika to ze zwiększonych wydatków publicznych, sytuacji makroekonomicznej (COVID-19, wojna na Ukrainie), a to z kolei może się przełożyć na zintensyfikowanie opodatkowania i instrumentalnych obowiązków podatkowych związanych z poborem podatków. Powstaje pytanie, czy będzie temu sprzyjać także ostatnia reforma podatkowa, tzw. Polski Ład.
Increasing tax burdens and the number of tax obligations have historically resulted in tax resistance. As historical analysis shows, tax resistance was transforming into more extreme manifestos of taxpayers, which ended in tax revolts. The article presents examples of such situations in Poland and other countries. It is important that the recent times may favor the emergence of such phenomena. This is due to increased public spending and the macroeconomic situation (COVID-19, the war in Ukraine), and this can increase taxation burden and instrumental tax obligations related to tax collection. The question arises whether this will also be supported by the recent tax reform, so-called Polish Deal.
Źródło:
Doradztwo Podatkowe Biuletyn Instytutu Studiów Podatkowych; 2022, 11(315); 13-15
1427-2008
2449-7584
Pojawia się w:
Doradztwo Podatkowe Biuletyn Instytutu Studiów Podatkowych
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wykorzystanie ulg podatkowych przez przedsiębiorców na przykładzie ulgi na działalność innowacyjną w województwach łódzkim i dolnośląskim
The use of tax reliefs made by entrepreneurs, on the example of the innovative activities tax relief usage in the Łódź and Lower Silesia voivodships
Autorzy:
Kasprzak, Piotr
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/415544.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018-06
Wydawca:
Małopolska Wyższa Szkoła Ekonomiczna w Tarnowie
Tematy:
ulga podatkowa
system podatkowy
podatek dochodowy
tax relief
tax system
income tax
Opis:
Artykuł opisuje zagadnienia związane z polską polityką podatkową w kwestii ulg i zwolnień podatkowych przyznawanych przedsiębiorcom w zakresie szeroko rozumianej działalności badawczo-rozwojowej, w tym na inicjatywy innowacyjne. Celem niniejszej publikacji jest ocena prowadzonej polityki preferencji podatkowych w stosunku do ww. projektów podejmowanych przez przedsiębiorców ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem stopnia wykorzystania ulg i zwolnień. W artykule opisano mechanizm działania tzw. ulgi na nowe technologie, która była dostępna dla przedsiębiorców do końca 2015 roku, oraz ulgę, która weszła w życie z początkiem 2016 roku. Przyjęta przez autora metoda badawcza obejmuje studia literaturowe oraz analizę danych publikowanych przez administrację podatkową, a także informacje uzyskane o średnio 323 152 podmiotach gospodarczych zlokalizowanych w województwach łódzkim i dolnośląskim, dostarczone przez 52 urzędy skarbowe w ramach dostępu do informacji publicznej. Zakres czasowy badania to lata 2009–2016. Niniejsze opracowanie stanowi oryginalny przegląd literatury oraz danych o charakterze statystycznym. Wyniki mogą być podstawą dalszych, bardziej szczegółowych badań w zakresie zaprezentowanej problematyki, na przykład przy uwzględnieniu populacji wszystkich przedsiębiorstw w Polsce.
The following article describes issues related to Polish tax policy concerning tax reliefs and exemptions provided for entrepreneurs in the scope of research and development activities, including innovative initiatives. The purpose of this article is to evaluate the policy of tax preferences in relation to the projects undertaken by entrepreneurs, with particular emphasis on the use of reliefs and exemptions. The article describes the mechanism of so-called new technologies tax relief, which was available for entrepreneurs till the end of 2015 and a new relief, which came into force at the beginning of 2016. The research method adopted by the author includes literature studies and analysis of data published by the tax administration, as well as information obtained from about 323 152 entities located in the Łódź and Lower Silesia voivodships, provided by 52 tax offices under the public information access. The time range covers the years 2009–2016. This study is an original review of literature as well as legal and statistical data. The results can be the basis for further, more detailed research on the issues presented, for example, while taking into account the population of all the enterprises in Poland.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Naukowe Małopolskiej Wyższej Szkoły Ekonomicznej w Tarnowie; 2018, 2(38); 41-50
1506-2635
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Naukowe Małopolskiej Wyższej Szkoły Ekonomicznej w Tarnowie
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Agresywne planowanie podatkowe – przyszłość czy przeszłość dla ponadnarodowych korporacji?
Aggressive Tax Planning – the Future or the Past for Multinational Enterprises?
Autorzy:
Brodzka, Alicja
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/549043.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Rzeszowski. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego
Tematy:
optymalizacja podatkowa
kapitał ucieczkowy
system podatkowy
tax optimization
tax system
tax avoidance
Opis:
Celem artykułu jest prezentacja roli międzynarodowych korporacji stosujących praktyki agre-sywnego planowania podatkowego w międzynarodowych przepływach finansowych. Szcze-gólnie w kontekście obecnego kryzysu gospodarczego skala „kapitału ucieczkowego”, wy-pływającego z krajów rozwiniętych w kierunku terytoriów o niższych obciążeniach podat-kowych, może budzić obawy o finansową stabilność poszczególnych państw. Artykuł anali-zuje wpływ agresywnego planowania podatkowego na systemy podatkowe krajów rozwinię-tych. Prezentuje inicjatywy państw rozwiniętych, zmierzające do zabezpieczenia narodo-wych systemów podatkowych przed nadmierną utratą wpływów na skutek praktyk „optymaliza-cyjnych”, szeroko stosowanych przez transnarodowe podmioty. Działania zapobiegawcze przyjęły dwutorowy przebieg – zarówno w obrębie narodowych systemów prawnych, jak i na gruncie ponadnarodowym.
The article presents the role of multinational corporations which widely use aggressive tax planning practices in structuring their international activities. Especially in the context of the economic crisis the scale of „flight capital”, flowing from developed countries towards the tax havens, may raise concerns about the financial stability of individual states. The article analyses the impact of aggressive tax planning practices on national tax systems. Developed countries, willing to avoid the erosion of their tax bases, have taken several countermeasures, aimed to pro-tect the national tax systems against the „tax optimization”, widely used by transnational entities. Preventive measures adopted a two-way process – both within the national legal systems, as well as on a transnational basis.
Źródło:
Nierówności Społeczne a Wzrost Gospodarczy; 2013, 30; 365-375
1898-5084
2658-0780
Pojawia się w:
Nierówności Społeczne a Wzrost Gospodarczy
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Taxation of Digital Services from International Tax Law Perspective
Autorzy:
Sábo, Jozef
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1368167.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-11-16
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Gdański. Centrum Prawa Samorządowego i Prawa Finansów Lokalnych
Tematy:
tax law
tax on digital services
OECD
international tax law
EU law.
Opis:
The article analyses taxes on digital services adopted in the United Kingdom, France, Austria, and Italy. The article tries to identify the architectural features of these taxes that could conflict with obligations according to international tax treaties and EU laws. The article also presents OECD “Unified Approach” which is based on multilateral agreement. The main hypothesis of the article is that this approach represents a better solution for the taxation of digital services than unilateral national taxation of digital services. In the presented analyses, mainly horizontal comparative method, method of logical analysis and synthesis are employed.
Źródło:
Financial Law Review; 2020, 20, 4; 64-81
2299-6834
Pojawia się w:
Financial Law Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Bilans zysków i kosztów działań uszczelniających polski system podatkowy w latach 2015–2019
Balance of profits and costs of the measures aimed at tightening up the Polish tax system in 2015–2019
Autorzy:
Jamroży, Marcin
Łożykowski, Aleksander
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2897414.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Kancelaria Sejmu. Biuro Analiz Sejmowych
Tematy:
tax system in Poland
tax gap
erosion of tax base
fiscal effect
Opis:
The paper provides an assessment of measures aimed at tightening up the Polish tax system in 2015–2019. In particular, the positive fiscal effect of limiting the VAT and the CIT gaps as a response to legislative changes is to be noted. On the other hand, the effects of the measures aimed at tightening up the Polish tax system include the adjustment or compliance costs for enterprises and tax administration. Sealing the Polish tax system is an inherently long-term process which, in addition to the original fiscal purpose, constitutes a challenge for the legislator to avoid excessive fragmentation of tax law.
Źródło:
Studia BAS; 2020, 4(64); 95-119
2080-2404
2082-0658
Pojawia się w:
Studia BAS
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Opodatkowanie dochodów osób fizycznych z pracy najemnej – analiza stanu obecnego i proponowane kierunki reformy
Taxation of the income from natural persons’ contract work. Current status and suggested reform
Autorzy:
Ofiarski, Zbigniew
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/11364394.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Kancelaria Sejmu. Biuro Analiz Sejmowych
Tematy:
work for hire
income tax
employee income
tax exemption
tax-deductible costs
Opis:
The article looks at the taxation of income from natural persons’ contract work or similar arrangements. The author argues that it is essential to clearly define the concept of contract work in the Polish tax legislation as a general category incorporating various legal titles concerning the work undertaken by an employee. The author discusses the complex structure of income sources and main income types earned by employees, and identifies legal problems caused by this variety and gives some recommendations.
Źródło:
Studia BAS; 2018, 2(54); 205-225
2080-2404
2082-0658
Pojawia się w:
Studia BAS
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Tax Competition Or Tax Coordination? What Is Better For The European Union? / Konkurewncja Podatkowa Czy Koordynacja Podatków? Co Jest Lepsze Dla Unii Europejskiej?
Autorzy:
Działo, Joanna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/632889.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015-06-01
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
tax competition
tax havens
tax harmonization
tax coordination
konkurencja podatkowa
raje podatkowe
harmonizacja podatków
koordynacja podatków
Opis:
Tax competition is defined as the use of tax policy that will allow to maintain or increase the attractiveness of a particular territory for business location. Tax competition is used especially by the relatively under-developed countries, as foreign capital inflow gives them the possibility to implement modern technology, new management methods, or to increase exports. One of the effects of tax competition is the formation of tax havens, i.e. countries or territories offering preferential tax rates in order to gain capital from abroad. A comparative analysis of the income tax rates in the EU countries and certain tax havens shows that despite the progressive reduction of the rates of these taxes in the EU, the phenomenon of tax competition is still very strong, and the position of tax havens as countries with relatively low or very low taxes seems to be unthreatened. The question arises whether tax competition is a real problem for the EU Member States and if there exist arguments for tax harmonization, or at least tax coordination within the EU countries. The discussion in this paper suggests that the arguments for tax coordination in the EU are not yet strong enough. However, both tax competition and tax coordination have their supporters and opponents.
Konkurencja podatkowa to stosowanie takiej polityki podatkowej, która pozwoli na utrzymanie lub zwiększenie atrakcyjności danego obszaru dla lokalizacji inwestycji. Konkurencja podatkowa stosowana jest zwłaszcza przez kraje stosunkowo słabo rozwinięte, gdyż napływ kapitału zagranicznego daje im możliwość wdrożenia nowoczesnych technologii, nowych metod zarządzania i zwiększenia eksportu. Jednym ze skutków konkurencji podatkowej jest powstawanie rajów podatkowych, krajów lub terytoriów korzystających z preferencyjnych stawek podatkowych w celu pozyskania kapitału z zagranicy. Analiza porównawcza stawek podatku dochodowego w krajach UE i niektórych rajach podatkowych pokazuje, że pomimo stopniowego obniżania stawek tych podatków w UE, zjawisko konkurencji podatkowej jest nadal bardzo silne, a pozycja rajów podatkowych jako terytoriów oferujących relatywnie niskie stawki podatkowe wydaje się być niezagrożona. W tym kontekście powstaje pytanie, czy konkurencja podatkowa jest prawdziwym problemem dla państw członkowskich UE oraz czy istnieją argumenty przemawiające za harmonizacją lub przynajmniej koordynacją podatków w krajach UE. Rozważania prowadzone w niniejszym artykule wskazują, że argumenty za wprowadzeniem koordynacji podatków w UE nie są jeszcze zbyt silne. Zarówno konkurencja podatkowa, jak i koordynacja podatków mają swoich zwolenników i przeciwników.
Źródło:
Comparative Economic Research. Central and Eastern Europe; 2015, 18, 2; 37-55
1508-2008
2082-6737
Pojawia się w:
Comparative Economic Research. Central and Eastern Europe
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Przedsiębiorczość jako obszar wsparcia przez system podatkowy
Business as a supported area by income taxes
Autorzy:
Wyszkowski, Adam
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/588543.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny w Katowicach
Tematy:
Rozmiary tax expenditures
Tax expenditures
Wsparcie przedsiębiorstw przez podatki
Income tax expenditures
Tax expenditures supported areas
Opis:
System podatkowy prawie w każdym państwie, oprócz funkcji fiskalnej, realizuje określone funkcje pozafiskalne. Ustawodawca, oddziałując przez podatki, oczekuje od podatników podjęcia lub ograniczenia określonych działań. Jedną z takich grup podatników stanowią przedsiębiorcy. Ich wsparcie przez system podatkowy jest związane przede wszystkim z chęcią wzmocnienia działalności inwestycyjnej, mającej przyczynić się do przyspieszenia tempa wzrostu gospodarczego. Rodzaj oraz zakres stosowanych rozwiązań w tym obszarze (tzw. tax expenditures) jest różnorodny. Występują one w szczególności w ramach podatków dochodowych, które są głównym przedmiotem analizy opracowania. Wielkość wsparcia uzależniona jest od możliwości budżetowych, a także od przypisywanej podatkom roli w polityce gospodarczej realizowanej przez poszczególne państwa. Ma to również swoje odzwierciedlenie we wpływie tych działań na tempo zmian PKB.
In almost every country the tax system is used to achieve not only fiscal goals. One of them is supporting enterprises by creating tax expenditures to help them especially in investments. It is very important in realization economic policy by government. In many countries this kind of public aid is integrated into income taxes. By tax allowances, exemptions, rate reliefs, tax deferrals or credits government try to make tax liability lower for specific tax subjects or entities. In this article author analyzed Polish and US tax expenditures systems in creating fiscal aid for business.
Źródło:
Studia Ekonomiczne; 2016, 294; 225-238
2083-8611
Pojawia się w:
Studia Ekonomiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Election cycle versus personal income tax reliefs in Poland
Autorzy:
Wyszkowski, Adam
Zegarowicz, Łukasz
Budlewska, Renata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2128319.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet w Białymstoku. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku
Tematy:
election cycle
tax relief
personal income tax
Opis:
Goal – The main objective of the paper is to verify if the relation between the election cycles and the number of tax reliefs in Poland exists and – if it exists – what is its direction and strengh. Hypothesis – Election cycles affect the dynamics of introducing tax reliefs into the Polish Personal Income Tax. Research methodology – The research hypothesis was verified by assessing the cyclical fluctuations of the trend function describing the number of reliefs in the Polish Personal Income Tax. The study covers the years 1991-2018. The authors’ own calculations made on the basis of the legislative changes made in the studied period to the Act on Personal Income Tax of 26th July 1991 provide the source material for the research. Score – The study confirms positive relation between the election cycles and the dynamics of introducing tax reliefs into the Polish Personal Income Tax. The number of tax reliefs in personal tax cyclically fluctuates and, moreover, the total number of introduced tax reliefs is significantly higher in the election years and lower in the other accordingly.
Źródło:
Optimum. Economic Studies; 2018, 3(93); 209-220
1506-7637
Pojawia się w:
Optimum. Economic Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The taxation of ‘intangible’ innovation: the Patent Box in Europe and the Italian case
Autorzy:
Caramia, Lucrezia Valentina
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2129147.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-09-09
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II
Tematy:
Patent Box
tax breaks
income tax
intangibles
Opis:
“Patent Box” is a term for the application of a lower corporate tax rate to the income derived from the ownership of patents. This tax subsidy instrument has been introduced in several countries since 2000. This paper, through a comparative analysis, compares the Patent Box adopted in three different European jurisdictions, which are distinguished by the particular attractiveness of their tax systems, and then focuses on the peculiar case of the Italian Patent Box. Art. 6, D.L. of 21 October 2021, n. 146, in fact, introduces the new discipline of the Patent Box, a preferential taxation mechanism of income from the direct and indirect use of certain intangible assets which, only two months later, has already undergone further and important changes by art. 1, comma 10, of L. 30 December 2021, n. 234: this disruption requires considering the causes of the legislative intervention and, therefore, the structure of a tax promotion mechanism that has already received relevant consideration in the OECD.
Źródło:
Review of European and Comparative Law; 2022, 50, 3; 109-127
2545-384X
Pojawia się w:
Review of European and Comparative Law
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The principles of tax law equality in the context of direct taxation
Autorzy:
Jarczok-Guzy, Magdalena
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/522376.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny w Katowicach
Tematy:
Income tax
Principles of taxation
Tax fairness
Opis:
Aim/purpose – The purpose of this article is a presentation of the principles of tax law equality with the aim of establishing the significance of these rules for the system of direct taxation in Poland. Only forms of taxation have been selected to conduct this analysis because they offer the most transparent and variegated picture of the real tax burden. Design/methodology/approach – The article follows the method of economic comparative analysis and offers a review of available literature on the subject. Findings – This analysis proves that the choice of different types of income taxation for natural persons conducting business activity has influence on tax burden. Research implications/limitations – The system of direct taxation in Poland has problems with equality rules because of different tax rates and tax returns which are available in Polish law. Originality/value/contribution – This article presents the problem of tax law equality in the context of economic theories developed by selected economists.
Źródło:
Journal of Economics and Management; 2017, 30; 70-84
1732-1948
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Economics and Management
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Konstytucyjne zasady sprawiedliwości, równości i powszechności opodatkowania a system ulg, zwolnień, odliczeń, kwot wolnych i kosztów w podatku dochodowym
System of tax relief, tax exemption, tax deduction, tax-free amount and tax costs in income tax in light of the constitutional principles of fair taxation, equality and universality of taxation
Autorzy:
Marusik, Jakub
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/11364380.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Kancelaria Sejmu. Biuro Analiz Sejmowych
Tematy:
principle of fair taxation
fiscal justice
equality of taxation
universality of taxation
income tax
tax relief
tax exemption
tax deduction
tax-free amount
Opis:
The article investigates the legal framework for tax privileges within the Polish income tax regulations in light of principle of fair taxation (fiscal justice). The paper begins with an overview of fiscal justice and different categories of privileges (tax relief, tax exemption, etc.). In the next section, the author addresses the question of relation between these privileges and the principle of fair taxation. The final part of the article focuses on assessment of detailed regulation related to fiscal justice. The author argues that the current system of tax privileges in general complies with the requirements of fair taxation, however there is a need to introduce some changes.
Źródło:
Studia BAS; 2018, 2(54); 67-91
2080-2404
2082-0658
Pojawia się w:
Studia BAS
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Taxation methods as a solution of social problems in Latvia
Autorzy:
Andreeva, Тatyana
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/581215.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu
Tematy:
taxes
tax system
social insurance contributions
personal income tax
value added tax
differentiated non-taxable allowance
solidarity tax
Opis:
The article is devoted to the study of the problems of state regulations in the field of taxation. The purpose of this article is to analyse distributing and stimulating functions of taxes taking into account the actual situation in the discussed field. The article analyzes such issues as the increase of contributions in social insurance, changes in personal income tax, the use of stimulation function of value added tax. Special attention is paid to the introduction of differentiated non-taxable allowance and tax of solidarity in Latvia. A differential personal allowance means that not all taxpayers will have the same level of personal allowance, as its level will be set according to the taxpayer’s level of income. The purpose of the introduction of solidarity tax is to reduce the regressivity of the taxation for the recipients of high levels income.
Źródło:
Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu; 2017, 465; 9-20
1899-3192
Pojawia się w:
Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Podatki lokalne jako strumienie finansowania gmin powiatu olkuskiego w latach 2011–2015
Autorzy:
Ostachowski, Paweł
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2108551.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018-12-21
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Pedagogiczny im. Komisji Edukacji Narodowej w Krakowie
Tematy:
active tax entity
passive tax entity
tax
tax exemption
tax rate
bierny podmiot podatku
czynny podmiot podatku
podatek
stawka podatkowa
zwolnienie podatkowe
Opis:
Celem artykułu jest odpowiedź na pytanie, jaką rolę w systemie finansowania gmin powiatu olkuskiego odgrywały w latach 2011-2015 podatki lokalne. Główna teza pracy stanowi w tym wypadku, że poza podatkiem od nieruchomości pozostałe podatki lokalne okazały się marginalnym wsparciem dla budżetów tych gmin. Artykuł składa się z trzech części. Pierwsza przybliża podstawowe kwestie prawne związane z konstrukcją oraz funkcjonowaniem podatków lokalnych na poziomie samorządu gminnego. Druga, za pomocą metody analizy porównawczej, prezentuje dochody gmin powiatu olkuskiego uzyskane z podatków lokalnych w latach 2011-2015. Dane pochodzą tutaj w szczególności z gminnych sprawozdań finansowych oraz statystyk dostępnych w Banku Danych Lokalnych Głównego Urzędu Statystycznego. Trzecia część pracy podsumowuje wyniki przeprowadzonych badań oraz zawiera odpowiedź na pytanie o rolę podatków lokalnych jako strumieni finansowania gmin powiatu olkuskiego w latach 2011-2015. Potwierdza ona też tezę sformułowaną na wstępie artykułu, że jedynie podatek od nieruchomości pozostaje wysoce efektywnym źródłem finansowania gmin, także tych w powiecie olkuskim. Wnioski końcowe artykułu prezentują natomiast możliwe kierunki zmian w podatkach lokalnych.
The aim of the article is to answer the question what role local taxes played in the period of 2011-2015 in the financing system for the local governments of the Olkusz poviat. The main thesis of this case is that apart from the property tax, the remaining local taxes turned out to be a marginal support for the budgets of these communes. The article consists of three parts. The first approximates the basic legal issues related to the construction and operation of local taxes at the level of municipal self-government. The second one, using the comparative analysis method, presents the income results of the Olkusz poviat local governments in 2011-2015 from local taxes. In particular, data used come from communal financial statements and statistics available in the Local Data Bank of the Central Statistical Office. The third part of the work summarises the results of the conducted research, answering the question about the role of local taxes, as streams of financing for the municipalities of the Olkusz poviat in 2011-2015. It also confirms the thesis formulated at the beginning that only property tax remains a highly effective source of financing for municipalities, including those in the Olkusz poviat. The final conclusions of the article present possible directions of changes in local taxes.
Źródło:
Przedsiębiorczość - Edukacja; 2018, 14; 80-92
2083-3296
2449-9048
Pojawia się w:
Przedsiębiorczość - Edukacja
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ulgi w spłacie podatków w świetle projektu ustawy — Ordynacja podatkowa
Exemptions in tax repayment in the light of the Tax Statute draft law
Autorzy:
Zdebel, Marek
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1046621.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-03-31
Wydawca:
Polskie Wydawnictwo Ekonomiczne
Tematy:
podatek
ordynacja
ulga
spłata
zobowiązany
tax
tax statute
tax exemption
repayment
obliged
Opis:
Zapłata podatków powinna następować w sposób i terminach określonych przepisami prawa podatkowego. W pewnych sytuacjach podatnik nie jest jednak w stanie dostosować się do tych wymogów. Jeżeli jest to usprawiedliwione jego ważnym interesem lub interesem publicznym może ubiegać się o ulgę w spłacie. Przepisy obowiązującej Ordynacji podatkowej dopuszczają taką możliwość, podobnie jak projekt nowej Ordynacji podatkowej. Proponowane przepisy różnią się jednak w pewnych istotnych kwestiach od unormowań obowiązujących. Wymaga to podjęcia pogłębionej analizy przedmiotowych rozwiązań.
Tax payment should proceed in the way and terms determined by tax law regulations. In certain situations, the tax payer is, however, not able to fulfill these requirements. If it is justified by his very important affair or public interest, he can apply for an exemption in repayment. Both the binding regulations in tax statute and the draft law of the new tax statute allow such a possibility. The suggested regulations, however, differ in certain, even essential questions from the binding provisions. It requires carrying out an in-depth analysis of the objective solutions.
Źródło:
Przegląd Ustawodawstwa Gospodarczego; 2020, 3; 7-12
0137-5490
Pojawia się w:
Przegląd Ustawodawstwa Gospodarczego
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł

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