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Tytuł:
Surogatka is already a cliché occupation, whether social demand
Autorzy:
Antoni, Olak,
Antoni, Krauz,
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/891406.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018-08-17
Wydawca:
Wyższa Szkoła Bezpieczeństwa Publicznego i Indywidualnego Apeiron w Krakowie
Tematy:
Surrogate
mother
children
profession
social demand
Opis:
In given article a brief characterization of the issue as new surrogates calculates the surrogate mother. The survey was carried out, the analysis of the phenomenon on the basis of the available literature, online content of legal documents. Shows trends, reviews, as well as societal demands in terms of the needs and the new role of the use of surrogate mothers in the in vitro.
Źródło:
Kultura Bezpieczeństwa. Nauka – Praktyka – Refleksje; 2016, 21; 179-192
2299-4033
Pojawia się w:
Kultura Bezpieczeństwa. Nauka – Praktyka – Refleksje
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Prawnokarna ocena dawstwa zarodka ludzkiego w ramach macierzyństwa zastępczego
CRIMINAL ASPECTS OF HUMAN EMBRYO DONATION UNDER SURROGACY ARRANGEMENTS
Autorzy:
Gądzik, Zuzanna Barbara
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2096452.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-10-09
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Kardynała Stefana Wyszyńskiego w Warszawie
Tematy:
embryo
surrogate arrangements
infertility treatment
embryo donation.
Opis:
Artykuł odnosi się do kwestii odpowiedzialności karnej za zachowania związane z dawstwem zarodka, które mogą mieć miejsce w ramach realizacji umów o macierzyństwo zastępcze. W tym celu przeanalizowano przede wszystkim znamiona czynów zabronionych stypizowanych w przepisach ustawy z 25 czerwca 2015 r. o leczeniu niepłodności (tekst jedn.: Dz.U. z 2017 r., poz. 865) – to jest: zbywania lub nabywania zarodka w celu uzyskania korzyści majątkowej lub osobistej, rozpowszechniania ogłoszeń o odpłatnym zbyciu lub nabyciu zarodka oraz postępowania z zarodkami w sposób niezgodny z przepisami powyżej ustawy. Tekst zawiera ponadto odniesienia do wyjaśnienia zjawiska macierzyństwa zastępczego oraz jego statusu w prawie polskim.
This article is on criminal liability under Polish law for behaviour related to the donation of embryos that may take place as part of surrogate arrangements. I analyse the features of prohibited acts specified in the provisions of Ustawa z 25 czerwca 2015 r. o leczeniu niepłodności (the Treatment of Infertility Act of 25th June 2015, Dziennik Ustaw 2017, Item 865, uniform text) i.e. embryo disposal or acquisition to derive material or personal benefit, dissemination of advertisements for embryo provision or receipt in return for payment, and embryo handling in breach of the legal provisions. I also refer to descriptions of surrogate maternity and its status in Polish law.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Prawnicze; 2019, 19, 3; 275-291
2353-8139
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Prawnicze
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Evolution of Anti-Gypsyism in Poland: From Ritual Scapegoat to Surrogate Victims to Racial Hate Speech?
Autorzy:
Kapralski, Sławomir
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1810819.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016-03-30
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Socjologiczne
Tematy:
Roma
anti-gypsyism
stereotype
scapegoat
surrogate victims
racism
Opis:
Building my argument on the analysis of two cases of anti-Roma violence (Oświęcim 1981 and Mława 1991), I would like to search for a pattern of evolution of anti-gypsyism in Poland. In the 1980s, the ambiguous stereotype of Roma, has been giving way to the picture of Roma as a convenient scapegoat to be blamed for the insecurity and economic hardships. This shift in the stereotypical image of Roma, together with the specific “management of discontent” performed by the communist authorities, prompted pogrom-like outbreaks of anti-Roma violence in the towns of Konin and Oświęcim. Similar attacks on Roma have taken place again in the beginning of the next decade, already in post-communist Poland. The mob aggression against Roma in the town of Mława in 1991, although retained many features of the earlier acts of violence, has already represented a new pattern in which Roma personified the fears associated with the transformation toward neoliberal capitalist economy. This new pattern of perception has provided fertile ground for the racialization of the anti-Roma discourse which I intend to trace down in the most contemporary instances of hate speech against Roma.
Źródło:
Polish Sociological Review; 2016, 193, 1; 101-118
1231-1413
2657-4276
Pojawia się w:
Polish Sociological Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Nowe dylematy medycyny – zjawisko macierzyństwa zastępczego w perspektywie społeczno-etycznej
New Medical Dilemmas – the Surrogate Motherhood in the Social – Ethical Perspective?
Autorzy:
Walerjan, Bożena
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/964242.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009-05-15
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
surrogate motherhood
procreation
medicine
in vitro fertilization
ethics
Opis:
Contemporary medicine offers more and more possibilities as far as procreation is concerned. They are available, first of all, to infertile couples (IVF – In Vitro Fertilization). However, the advanced reproductive technology is also used by people who are biologically capable of having children. These people are ready to resign voluntarily from pregnancy and childbirth difficulties. The surrogate motherhood appears as a phenomenon known already from biblical times but existing nowadays in a different context. At the same time, some issues are emerging – questions concerning social, ethical, moral and legal consequences. This paper presents the issue of surrogate motherhood in the context of social changes, which could lead to a development of such practices as well as the reasons of parents and surrogate mothers. Can this phenomenon be perceived as a service for people who want to fulfill their desires for having children? Would surrogate motherhood become a socially approved practice? What are the ethical, religious and legal norms concerning this phenomenon? The religious norms are connected, first of all, with an attitude of the Catholic Church which recognizes surrogacy as unacceptable and states that “it offends the dignity and the right of a child to be conceived, carried in the womb, delivered to the world and brought up by their own parents”. The ethical norms refer to the biotechnological issues and include matters of creating and implanting human embryos as well as the problem of the surrogate mother – child – biological parents relationship. As far as legal norms are concerned, the case is still open hence Polish law does not take into consideration in vitro fertilization or the admissibility of surrogate motherhood.
Źródło:
Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym; 2009, 12, 2
1899-2226
2353-4869
Pojawia się w:
Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wombs for rent, outsoursed pregnancies, baby farms - ethics and surrogate motherhood
Autorzy:
Bagan-Kurluta, K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1918410.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Medyczny w Białymstoku
Tematy:
Surrogacy
surrogate mother
child
welfare of a child
ethics.
Opis:
The history of surrogacy is composed of cases of happy solving family problems, but also of conflicts and lawsuits concerning a child and his welfare. In modern times it became the next to adoptions additional possibility of ensuring infertile individuals fulfillment of their dreams of posterity. It can also be used for comfort of a woman - to avoid the burdens of pregnancy and delivery, or for a comfort of a man – to be a single father without a mother of a child, wife and family ties with her. Since its beginning in late 70-ties of XX century, legality and ethical aspects of surrogacy are lively discussed, as well in the court rooms, as in the doctrine. The following article is an attempt to deal with just some of the mentioned ethical problems.
Źródło:
Progress in Health Sciences; 2017, 7(1); 193-198
2083-1617
Pojawia się w:
Progress in Health Sciences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Prospects for introducing the concept of “digital things” and “digital content”: expanding the scope of regulation of virtual assets
Autorzy:
Hrytsai, Serhii
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/10487432.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023-06-30
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
fintech
virtual assets
cryptocurrency
bitcoin
electronic money
money surrogate
Opis:
The lack of a legal framework did not prevent Ukraine from ranking third among the world leaders in the use of cryptocurrencies in 2022. In terms of the sum of indicators, Ukraine is ahead of such tech giants as the United States (5th place), China (10th place), and the United Kingdom (17th place). The purpose of the study is to identify the underlying principles for the introduction of a new legal definition of “digital things” and “digital content” and their prospects for use, which are laid down in draft laws No. 6447 and No. 6576, as initiatives that are satellites to the relevant law on virtual assets. As a reminder, the Parliament of Ukraine adopted the Law of Ukraine “On Virtual Assets” No. 2074-IX on February 17, 2022. Since the adoption of Law 2074 by the Parliament of Ukraine on February 17, 2022 and until the period of 2023, significant events have taken place. They have significantly affected the plans of the Parliament of Ukraine to launch mandatory amendments to the Tax Code of Ukraine provided for in the Draft Law 7150 and simultaneously enact Law 2074 from October 1, 2022. The study was based on the analysis of the legislative framework of Ukraine, the European Union and other international acts, including those ratified by the Parliament of Ukraine. The study has led to a number of conclusions. Draft Law No. 6447 introduces the definition of a “digital thing” that is in circulation only in digital form; these include virtual assets, digital content, online accounts, money and securities that exist exclusively in digital form. Its adoption will help potential consumers to protect their rights to digital content, online accounts, virtual assets, even money and securities that exist exclusively in digital form. Comparing the concepts of “digital thing” and “digital content” proposed by draft laws No. 6447 and No. 6576, we found signs of legal tautology in determining what is primary and what is secondary. The addition of the words “digital content” to Article 177 of the Civil Code and the expansion of the concept of a thing to “material and digital things” is at least more declarative.
Źródło:
Krakowskie Studia Małopolskie; 2023, 2(38); 7-25
1643-6911
Pojawia się w:
Krakowskie Studia Małopolskie
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Surrogate Worth Trade off method’s review, applications and extension
Przegląd metody „Surrogate Worth Trade-off”, aplikacje i rozszerzenia
Autorzy:
Kazemi, M.
Shooshtarian, Z.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/405004.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Politechnika Częstochowska
Tematy:
surrogate worth function
trade-off function
multi-objective
group decision making
funkcjonowanie surrogate worth
funkcja trade-off
cel wieloraki
grupa decydentów
Opis:
One of the most areas of research in recent years, is decision making methodologies under conflicting multi-objective. Due to this, several techniques have been developed. Among them, Surrogate Worth Trade - Off (SWT) method is interested to solve the multi-objective problem by analysts and researchers. This paper intends to review and application of Surrogate Worth Trade - Off technique. The SWT method is one approach that provides an interference between the decision maker’s preferences and the mathematical models associated with the non-dominated solutions. In the final part of this work a method is proposed in order to use SWT technique with multiple decision - makers.
Jednym z najbardziej ważnych obszarów badań w ciągu ostatnich lat, jest metodologia podejmowania decyzji w przypadku wielu sprzecznych celów. W związku z tym, opracowano kilka technik. Wśród nich występuje metoda Surrogate Worth Trade-off - która koncentruje się na rozwiązaniu złożonego przez wielu naukowców i analityków. Niniejszy artykuł ma na celu przegląd i sposób stosowania tej metody. Metoda SWT to podejście, które zapewnia zakłócenia między preferencjami decydenta i modeli matematycznych związanych z niedominującymi rozwiązaniami. W końcowej części artykułu, zaproponowana została metoda w celu wykorzystania SWT przy podejmowaniu wielu decyzji.
Źródło:
Polish Journal of Management Studies; 2013, 8; 98-109
2081-7452
Pojawia się w:
Polish Journal of Management Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Jet fuels diversity
Autorzy:
Sarnecki, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/245076.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
jet fuel
composition
hydrocarbon
jet engine
fossil fuels
surrogate fuels
Opis:
Term “jet fuel” is well known and recognized worldwide - it applies to aviation product used to power all turbine engines in aircrafts and helicopters. Its’ properties are clearly and strictly defined in international specifications. However, in the discussion concerning jet fuels, and in most research material, many people seem to forget that this fuel is a mixture of different hydrocarbons, is produced from different feedstock (crude oil from different sources available worldwide) and as a final product is obtained with different production processes. Thus, however jet fuel must meet the requirements defined in international standards, these fuels differ each other and as a result, differences can be observed in logistic chain and in combustion process. This paper points out some differences between jet fuels and its aim is to convict users, researchers and all people in aviation industry dealing with jet engines operation, that - when talking about jet fuel - many factors and details about final product must be considered, and this type of product should not be seen as single-type fuel, as most people see it now. The article has been prepared within the research project funded by the National Science Centre in Poland and granted with decision no. DEC-2011/01/D/ST8/06567.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2014, 21, 4; 433-438
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Surrogate and clinical endpoints for studies in peripheral artery occlusive disease: Are statistics the brakes?
Autorzy:
Waliszewski, Matthias W
Redlich, Ulf
Breul, Victor
Tautenhahn, Jörg
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1393189.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Index Copernicus International
Tematy:
peripheral artery occlusive disease
clinical endpoints
surrogate endpoints
biometric estimates
Opis:
Background: The aim of this review is to present the available clinical and surrogate endpoints that may be used in future studies performed in patients with peripheral artery occlusive disease (PAOD). Importantly, we describe statistical limitations of the most commonly used endpoints and offer some guidance with respect to study design for a given sample size. The proposed endpoints may be used in studies using surgical or interventional revascularization and/or drug treatments. Methods: Considering recently published study endpoints and designs, the usefulness of these endpoints for reimbursement is evaluated. Based on these potential study endpoints and patient sample size estimates with different non-inferiority or tests for difference hypotheses, a rating relative to their corresponding reimbursement values is attempted. Results: As regards the benefit for the patients and for the payers, walking distance and the ankle brachial index (ABI) are the most feasible endpoints in a relatively small study samples given that other non-vascular impact factors can be controlled. Angiographic endpoints such as minimal lumen diameter (MLD) do not seem useful from a reimbursement standpoint despite their intuitiveness. Other surrogate endpoints, such as transcutaneous oxygen tension measurements, have yet to be established as useful endpoints in reasonably sized studies with patients with critical limb ischemia (CLI). Conclusions: From a reimbursement standpoint, WD and ABI are effective endpoints for a moderate study sample size given that non-vascular confounding factors can be controlled.
Źródło:
Polish Journal of Surgery; 2017, 89, 2; 39-48
0032-373X
2299-2847
Pojawia się w:
Polish Journal of Surgery
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Operational control over non-state proxies
Autorzy:
Bryjka, Filip
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1194384.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Akademia Sztuki Wojennej
Tematy:
proxy war
hybrid threats
surrogate forces
modern warfare
special operations
Opis:
The intention of this paper is to clarify how state patrons control non-state proxy forces fighting on their behalf. In order to address the subject matter thoroughly, specific attention was paid to a number of questions including a) the criteria determining patronproxy relations, b) factors influencing the selection process of proxy forces, and c) principles governing the maximisation of potential benefits of using proxies, whilst simultaneously reducing risks and associated costs. The author applied a neo-realistic research paradigm to his work. Patron-proxy relations were presented in the context of the principal-agent theory, as well as through detailed analysis of ongoing scenarios involving Iran and Hezbollah, Russia and the Donbass separatists, Pakistan and Kashmiri militias, the US and Syrian rebels. The essence of war by proxy is to influence the strategic result of an armed conflict without direct, full-scale, military intervention. The use of non-state proxy, external actors is aimed at maximising their political goals and strategic interests whilst maintaining “plausible deniability”. By supporting non-state proxies, indirectly or by providing limited direct assistance, sponsors operate below the threshold of war. Empirical analysis of proxy war cases proves that such models may both guarantee “strategic victory” or become a “double-edged sword”. One of the key challenges for external powers engaged in war by proxy is to avoid unintended consequences (blowback). The author argues that elements such as ideology, ethnicity or religion do not necessarily ensure control over proxies, whilst the range of common goals and interests, and the level of the proxy’s dependency, are crucial.
Źródło:
Security and Defence Quarterly; 2020, 31, 4; 191-210
2300-8741
2544-994X
Pojawia się w:
Security and Defence Quarterly
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Economic statistical design of variable sampling interval X̅ control chart based on surrogate variable using genetic algorithms
Autorzy:
Lee, T.-H.
Hong, S.-H.
Kwon, H.-M.
Lee, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/406970.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
economic design
surrogate variable
variable sampling interval
TRISO Fuel
genetic algorithms
Opis:
In many cases, a X̅ control chart based on a performance variable is used in industrial fields. Typically, the control chart monitors the measurements of a performance variable itself. However, if the performance variable is too costly or impossible to measure, and a less expensive surrogate variable is available, the process may be more efficiently controlled using surrogate variables. In this paper, we present a model for the economic statistical design of a VSI (Variable Sampling Interval) X̅ control chart using a surrogate variable that is linearly correlated with the performance variable. We derive the total average profit model from an economic viewpoint and apply the model to a Very High Temperature Reactor (VHTR) nuclear fuel measurement system and derive the optimal result using genetic algorithms. Compared with the control chart based on a performance variable, the proposed model gives a larger expected net income per unit of time in the long-run if the correlation between the performance variable and the surrogate variable is relatively high. The proposed model was confined to the sample mean control chart under the assumption that a single assignable cause occurs according to the Poisson process. However, the model may also be extended to other types of control charts using a single or multiple assignable cause assumptions such as VSS (Variable Sample Size) X̅ control chart, EWMA, CUSUM charts and so on.
Źródło:
Management and Production Engineering Review; 2016, 7, 4; 54-64
2080-8208
2082-1344
Pojawia się w:
Management and Production Engineering Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Development and Evaluation of Small Shaped Charge Jet Threats
Autorzy:
Daniels, A.
Defisher, S.
Stunzenas, G.
Al-Shehab, N.
Baker, E. L.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/403578.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Wojskowa Akademia Techniczna im. Jarosława Dąbrowskiego
Tematy:
mechanics
shaped charge jet
surrogate warhead
Held's criteria
V2D
Opis:
Because of their prolific nature on the battlefield, rocket propelled and gun-launched grenades are of particular concern to the soldier, particularly because of the severe reaction that occurs when a munition is hit by the shaped charge jet. As a result of the danger that such a detonation poses, it is necessary to more precisely understand the behaviour of munitions subjected to these types of devices. In response to these threats, standardized 81 mm and 40 mm shaped charge warheads were developed for use during threat assessment testing to act as a consistent, lower-cost representative of shaped charge projectiles commonly encountered on the battlefield, and to help quantify the interaction of these jest with explosive charges. The international standards for shaped charge jet threat testing uses the Held initiation criteria V²D, where V is the jet velocity and D is the diameter. V²D was computationally predicted using the high-rate continuum models CALE and ALE-3D. The surrogate warheads were test fired through aluminium target plates to strip off jet mass to adjust the V²D to the threat munition.
Źródło:
Problemy Mechatroniki : uzbrojenie, lotnictwo, inżynieria bezpieczeństwa; 2017, 8, 1 (27); 23-38
2081-5891
Pojawia się w:
Problemy Mechatroniki : uzbrojenie, lotnictwo, inżynieria bezpieczeństwa
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Problemy rodziny zastępczej na Słowacji
Autorzy:
Balogová, Beáta
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2147467.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008
Wydawca:
Instytut Studiów Międzynarodowych i Edukacji Humanum
Tematy:
adoption
attachment
foster care
surrogate parents
alternative care
alternative personal
care
Opis:
The aim of this report is to point at surrogate care, its forms and thereto connected problems after legal arrangements that came into being after new Act of Family 36/2005 has been adopted. This is being emphasized as one of forms of abandoned children's social situation solution who have no chance at living in their own biologcal family nevertheless they can grow up in a new loving family and community.
Źródło:
Humanum. Międzynarodowe Studia Społeczno-Humanistyczne; 2008, 1(1); 17-35
1898-8431
Pojawia się w:
Humanum. Międzynarodowe Studia Społeczno-Humanistyczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Redefined Family as a Challenge for Modern Society and Bioethics
Zredefiniowana rodzina jako wyzwanie dla współczesnego społeczeństwa i bioetyki.
Autorzy:
Strehovec, Tadej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/475283.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Opolski. Redakcja Wydawnictw Wydziału Teologicznego
Tematy:
Family ethics
bioethics
same-sex marriages
surrogate motherhood
assisted reproduction
cohabitation
children
Opis:
The redefinition of family and marriage is an ideological and political topic in modern society, where the public is more and more interested in issues like IVF, surrogate motherhood and child adoption for LGBT couples. What is the definition of family? why is the conventional nuclear family being replaced by new types of households? and what are the potential consequences of redefinition of family for society as a whole? These are some of the most important questions. Family ethics and bioethics could be an excellent framework to present the historical and social background of these kinds of phenomena.
Źródło:
Family Forum; 2012, 2; 31-44
2084-1698
Pojawia się w:
Family Forum
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Surrogate data: A novel approach to object detection
Autorzy:
Tabor, Z.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/929568.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Zielonogórski. Oficyna Wydawnicza
Tematy:
dane zastępcze
ścieżka optymalna
powiązania rozmyte
surrogate data
optimal paths
fuzzy connectedness
Opis:
In the present study a novel method is introduced to detect meaningful regions of a gray-level noisy images of binary structures. The method consists in generating surrogate data for an analyzed image. A surrogate image has the same (or almost the same) power spectrum and histogram of gray-level values as the original one but is random otherwise. Then minmax paths are generated in the original image, each characterized by its length, minmax intensity and the intensity of the starting point. If the probability of the existence of a path with the same characteristics but within surrogate images is lower than some user-specified threshold, it is concluded that the path in the original image passes through a meaningful object. The performance of the method is tested on images corrupted by noise with varying intensity.
Źródło:
International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science; 2010, 20, 3; 545-553
1641-876X
2083-8492
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
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