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Wyświetlanie 1-10 z 167
Tytuł:
Development of Prolonged Standing Strain Index to Quantify Risk Levels of Standing Jobs
Autorzy:
Halim, I.
Omar, A. R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/90704.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Centralny Instytut Ochrony Pracy
Tematy:
prolonged standing strain index (PSSI)
standing jobs
muscle fatigue
comfort
control measures
Opis:
Many occupations in industry such as metal stamping workers, electronics parts assembly operators, automotive industry welders, and lathe operators require working in a standing posture for a long time. Prolonged standing can contribute to discomfort and muscle fatigue particularly in the back and legs. This study developed the prolonged standing strain index (PSSI) to quantify the risk levels caused by standing jobs, and proposed recommendations to minimize the risk levels. Risk factors associated with standing jobs, such as working posture, muscles activity, standing duration, holding time, whole-body vibration, and indoor air quality, were the basis for developing the PSSI. All risk factors were assigned multipliers, and the PSSI was the product of those multipliers. Recommendations for improvement are based on the PSSI; however, extensive studies are required to validate their effectiveness.
Źródło:
International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics; 2012, 18, 1; 85-96
1080-3548
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Analiza wskaźnikowa jako narzędzie stosowane do oceny kondycji finansowej spółki
Autorzy:
Lesiak, Magdalena
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2108245.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-06-30
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Pedagogiczny im. Komisji Edukacji Narodowej w Krakowie
Tematy:
economic and financial analysis
financial standing
indicator research
analiza ekonomiczno-finansowa
badanie wskaźnikowe
standing finansowy
Opis:
W opracowaniu przedstawiono możliwość wykorzystania analizy wskaźnikowej do oceny kondycji finansowej spółki notowanej na GPW. Celem przeprowadzonych badań jest omówienie praktycznego zastosowania wspomnianej analizy, której dokonano na podstawie przeglądu literatury przedmiotu, a także pełnej sprawozdawczości (bilansu oraz rachunku zysków i strat). Rezultatem badań jest ocena standingu finansowego na przykładzie spółki akcyjnej działającej w sektorze żywności, produkującej wyroby cukiernicze, przede wszystkim na polski rynek, w porównaniu ze średnimi wynikami osiąganymi w branży. Okres badawczy obejmuje 10 lat. Otrzymane wyniki wskazują, że opisywana spółka prowadziła konserwatywną strategię dotyczącą aktywów i pasywów. Jednak w przeciwieństwie do konkurentów odznaczała się agresywną polityką nakierowaną na zwiększenie odbiorców produktów lub usług. Ponadto badana spółka stosowała surową politykę kredytowania odbiorców i miała niski poziom ogólnego zadłużenia. Z tych względów można wnioskować, że spółka koncentrowała swoje działania przede wszystkim na zapewnieniu bezpieczeństwa finansowego. Jednocześnie przyjęta strategia umożliwiła jej osiągnięcie lepszych wyników w obszarze rentowności niż pozostałe spółki działające w tym samym sektorze.
: The study presents the application possibilities of the ratio analysis in the context of the assess‑ ment of the financial condition of a company listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange. Thus, the constitutive aim of the research is to present the practical application of the ratio analysis made on the basis of a review of the literature, full reporting - balance sheet and profit and loss account. The result of the research is the assessment of the financial standing based on the example of a joint‑stock company operating in the food sector and producing confectionery products primarily for the Polish market, compared to the average results achieved in the industry. The research period is 10 years. The obtained results indicate that the analysed company pursued a conservative strategy regarding assets and liabilities. However, unlike other competitors related to the food sector, it was characterised by an aggressive policy aimed at increasing recipients of products or services. Moreover, the audited company applied a strict policy of crediting customers and had a low level of overall debt. Therefore, on the basis of the obtained results, it can be concluded that the audited entity was mainly focused on ensuring financial security. At the same time, the adopted strategy made it possible to achieve better results in the area of profitability than other companies operating in the same sector.
Źródło:
Przedsiębiorczość - Edukacja; 2022, 18, 1; 31-40
2083-3296
2449-9048
Pojawia się w:
Przedsiębiorczość - Edukacja
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wykładnia pojęcia „ustawa podatkowa” (art. 37 ust. 2 regulaminu Sejmu)
Interpretation of the term “tax act” (Article 37 para. 2 of the Standing Orders of the Sejm)
Autorzy:
Odrowąż‑Sypniewski, Wojciech
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2195375.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Kancelaria Sejmu. Biuro Analiz Sejmowych
Tematy:
tax
Standing Orders of the Sejm
Opis:
The term “tax act” is used in the Standing Orders of the Sejm in the substantive sense and refers to a public levy having the features of a tax, i.e. a pecuniary, compulsory, non-returnable and nonequivalent payment imposed by law and constituting budgetary revenue of the State Treasury or local government units of general purpose. The author points out that it is irrelevant for the qualification of a bill as a “tax bill” what name the bill uses to denote a public levy, if it bears the features of a tax. The title of a tax bill also refers to the bill that repeals or modifies the scope of a tax obligation or its elements. The author concludes that any tax act amendment bill meets the characteristics of the term “tax act”, and the scope of the term “tax act” does not include public tributes other than taxes.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS; 2021, 2(70); 85-98
1896-9852
2082-064X
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Opinia prawna w sprawie pojęcia „forma pisemna” w odniesieniu do przepisów zawartych w regulaminie Sejmu
Legal opinion on the meaning of the term “in writing” in relation to the Standing Orders of the Sejm
Autorzy:
Szmyt, Andrzej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/11543114.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Kancelaria Sejmu. Biuro Analiz Sejmowych
Tematy:
interpellation
Standing Orders of the Sejm
Opis:
In accordance with Article 193 of the Standing Orders of the Sejm, the answer to an interpellation is to be given in writing. The term in question is, in the parliamentary practice, understood explicitly. It considers it as a “paper form” of a document, which is also supported by established practice of the Sejm in this respect.. Even if the Standing Orders do not contain a legal definition of the term “in writing”, the classification allowing – in the analyzed case – for the use of an electronic version would be of a “projective” nature and differ from the current understanding of the rules of the Sejm. The proposal for a relevant amendment of the Standing Orders of the Sejm, explicitly guaranteeing accessibility of an electronic document, is justifiable.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS; 2014, 4(44); 48-52
1896-9852
2082-064X
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Opinia prawna na temat wątpliwości interpretacyjnych odnoszących się do art. 193 ust. 1 i 2 regulaminu Sejmu
Legal opinion on interpretative doubts on Article 193 paras. 1 and 2 of the Standing Orders of the Sejm
Autorzy:
Gierach, Ewelina
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/11543113.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Kancelaria Sejmu. Biuro Analiz Sejmowych
Tematy:
interpellations
Standing Orders of the Sejm
Opis:
The opinion provides an assessment of the legal acceptability of limiting the form of submission of interpellation and Deputies’ questions to the format an electronic document. The analysis of Article 193 (2) of the Standing Orders of the Sejm currently precludes such a possibility, as both interpellations and Deputies’ Questions must meet the formal requirements that include, inter alia, the need to be in writing. The Standing Orders of the Sejm do not contain a legal definition of the phrase “in writing”. From literal interpretation it follows that it is a paper document, signed in person by its author. The inability to accept that the meaning of the written form can also include the form of electronic document is proved by an absolute requirement to append two copies to an answer to a Deputies’ question. The imposition of an obligation for interpellations and Deputies’ question to be submitted in the form of an electronic document therefore requires amendment of Article 193 (1) and (2) of the Standing Orders of the Sejm.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS; 2014, 4(44); 43-47
1896-9852
2082-064X
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Opinia prawna na temat wykładni pojęcia „forma pisemna” występującego w przepisach regulaminu Sejmu
Legal opinion on the interpretation of the term “in writing” appearing in the Standing Orders of the Sejm
Autorzy:
Szydło, Marek
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/11543116.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Kancelaria Sejmu. Biuro Analiz Sejmowych
Tematy:
interpellation
Standing Orders of the Sejm
Opis:
The requirement to perform a particular act “in writing”, as provided for in the Standing Orders of the Sejm, should be understood as an obligation to fix on paper the content of a particular act, using in this purpose graphic symbols, as required by the so-called written language, and such a paper document should be signed in person. The requirement to perform a particular act “in writing” cannot be satisfied by making it in an electronic form. Electronic form is a form of making certain acts (separate and autonomous from a written one) which the Standing Orders of the Sejm provides for only in special situations. A written response to a Deputy’s interpellation must therefore be filed in paper, hand-signed by the person giving response to the interpellation.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS; 2014, 4(44); 53-73
1896-9852
2082-064X
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Standing Waves in One-Dimensional Resonator Containing an Ideal Isothermal Gas Affected by the Constant Mass Force
Autorzy:
Perelomova, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/177416.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
acoustic resonator
non-uniform media
standing waves
Opis:
The study is devoted to standing acoustic waves in one-dimensional planar resonator which containing an ideal gas. A gas is affected by the constant mass force. Two types of physically justified boundary conditions are considered: zero velocity or zero excess pressure at both boundaries. The variety of nodal and antinodal points is determined. The conclusion is that the nodes of pressure and antinodes of velocity do not longer coincide, as well as antinodes of pressure and nodes of velocity. The entropy mode may contribute to the total field in a resonator. It is no longer isobaric, in contrast to the case when the external force is absent. Examples of perturbations inherent to the entropy mode in the volume of a resonator are discussed.
Źródło:
Archives of Acoustics; 2017, 42, 2; 263-271
0137-5075
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Acoustics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Standing Waves and Acoustic Heating (or Cooling) in Resonators Filled with Chemically Reacting Gas
Autorzy:
Perelomova, A.
Pelc-Garska, W.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/177653.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
standing wave
acoustic resonator
non-equilibrium media
Opis:
Standing waves and acoustic heating in a one-dimensional resonator filled with chemically reacting gas, is the subject of investigation. The chemical reaction of A → B type, which takes place in a gas, may be reversible or not. Governing equations for the sound and entropy mode which is generated in the field of sound are derived by use of a special mathematical method. Under some conditions, sound waves propagating in opposite directions do not interact. The character of nonlinear dynamics of the sound and relative acoustic heating or cooling depends on reversibility of a chemical reaction. Some examples of acoustic heating in a resonator are illustrated and discussed.
Źródło:
Archives of Acoustics; 2014, 39, 3; 403-410
0137-5075
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Acoustics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
How Federalism Can Promote a National Commitment to the Rule of Law
Autorzy:
A, Schapiro, Robert
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/902635.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-05-04
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
Tematy:
federalism
Rule of Law
standing
federalizm
praworządność
Opis:
Promoting the rule of the law is a national responsibility. The obligation to ensure legality and advance human rights rests on the national government. This article analyzes how federalism, a system of distributing power among subnational entities, can promote this national goal. The article explores how states in the United States have played an important role in encouraging the federal government to enforce the law and safeguard rights. By means of resistance, cooperation, and redundancy, states have moved the United States closer to rule-of-law ideals. The state action sometimes takes the form of litigation, with states bringing suit against the federal government. Such suits have particular significance in challenging illegal inaction by the national government, as when the federal government fails to enforce environmental laws. Litigation by states may overcome standing barriers that would limit such suits by private individuals. States may also engage in direct action by pursuing their own policies that promote the rule of law. In these areas, the states may oppose the federal government, cooperate with the federal government, or act in an independent, parallel manner. What unites all of these modes and instruments of state-federal interaction is that the goal of states is to influence national policy. The state action may begin within the boundaries of a particular state, but what motivates the state initiative is a vision applicable to the nation as a whole. The ultimate aim of state action is not local divergence, but national uniformity. Federalism serves not as a license for local deviation from national norms, but instead as a means for states to engage actively in creating policy at a national level. In this way, independent state activity can indeed promote the national obligation to promote the rule of law throughout the country.
Źródło:
Studia Iuridica; 2019, 79; 131-147
0137-4346
Pojawia się w:
Studia Iuridica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-10 z 167

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