Informacja

Drogi użytkowniku, aplikacja do prawidłowego działania wymaga obsługi JavaScript. Proszę włącz obsługę JavaScript w Twojej przeglądarce.

Wyszukujesz frazę "Spectra" wg kryterium: Temat


Tytuł:
Optical Properties of Soda-Lime-Silica Glasses Doped with Eggshell Powder
Autorzy:
Aktas, B.
Albaskara, M.
Yalcin, S.
Dogru, K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1030117.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017-09
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
Tematy:
soda-lime-silica glass
eggshell powder
optical properties
FTIR spectra
Opis:
The optical properties of soda-lime-silica glasses doped with eggshell powder were investigated using UV-visible and the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopies. Pure soda-lime-silica glass, which is colorless and transparent, turned dark green after the addition of the eggshell powder. When the eggshell powder content was ≥ 3 wt%, the glass became translucent. The maximum wavelengths in the UV spectra of the soda-lime-silica glasses doped with 0.5, 1, 3, and 5 wt% eggshell powder were observed at 300.20, 277.40, 284.40, and 312.40 nm, respectively. The Fourier transform infrared spectra of the eggshell-doped soda-lime-silica glass samples were very similar to that of the base undoped glass. The bands at approximately 770-820 cm¯¹ could be attributed to the Si-O-Si symmetric stretching of the bridging oxygen between the tetrahedra, while the bands at approximately 970 cm¯¹ were related to the Si-O-Si antisymmetric stretching of the bridging oxygen within the tetrahedra.
Źródło:
Acta Physica Polonica A; 2017, 132, 3; 442-444
0587-4246
1898-794X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Physica Polonica A
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
QSAR study of infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of 1-(3-chloro-4-nitrophenyl)-2-(substituted benzylidene) hydrazines
Autorzy:
Ananthi, V.
Rajalakshmi, K.
Thiruarayanan, G.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1178520.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN
Tematy:
1-(3-chloro-4-nitrophenyl)-2-(substituted benzylidene) hydrazines
FeCl3/Bentonite
Hammett equation
IR and NMR spectra
QSAR study
Solvent-free synthesis
Opis:
Ten 1-(3-chloro-4-nitrophenyl)-2-(substituted benzylidene) hydrazines have been synthesized by FeCl3/Bentonite catalyzed solvent-free condensation of substituted phenyl hydrazine and aldehydes under microwave irradiation. The synthesized hydrazides are characterized by the physical constants, micro analysis and spectroscopic data. The assigned characteristic spectroscopic data of these 1-(3-chloro-4-nitrophenyl)-2-(substituted benzylidene) hydrazines were correlated with Hammett substituent constants, F and R parameters using Hammett equation through single and multi-regression analysis. With the results of statistical analysis results, the quantitative structure activity relationships were studied and finding the effect of substituents on the spectral data.
Źródło:
World Scientific News; 2017, 70, 2; 122-139
2392-2192
Pojawia się w:
World Scientific News
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
IR and 1H NMR spectral studies of some 2-Amino-4-isopropyl-6-methoxy-N-phenylpyrimidine-5-carboxamides: Assessment of substituent effects
Autorzy:
Arulkumaran, R.
Sundararajan, R.
Manikandan, V.
Sathiyendiran, V.
Pazhamalai, S.
Thirunarayanan, G.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/412343.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN
Tematy:
2-Amino-4-isopropyl-6-methoxy-N-phenylpyrimidine-5-carboxamides
IR spectra
NMR spectra
substituent effects
Opis:
A series of 2-Amino-4-isopropyl-6-methoxy-N-phenylpyrimidine-5-carboxamide compounds have been synthesized from various substituted dithioacetal and guanidine. The purities of these compounds were checked by their physical constants, UV, IR, NMR and MASS spectral data. The IR and 1HNMR spectral data of these compounds have been correlated with Hammett sigma constants, F and R parameters using single and multi-linear regression analysis. From the results of statistical analysis, the effects of substituents on the spectral group frequencies have been discussed.
Źródło:
International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy; 2014, 19, 1; 15-25
2299-3843
Pojawia się w:
International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Spectral correlations and antimicrobial activities of some 1-pyrenyl chalcones
Autorzy:
Arulkumaran, R.
Vijayakumar, S.
Sundararajan, R.
Sakthinathan, S.P.
Kamalakkannan, D.
Suresh, R.
Ranganathan, K.
Rajakumar, P.R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/411776.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN
Tematy:
substituted styryl 1-pyrenyl ketones
UV spectra
IR spectra
NMR spectra
substituent effects
antimicrobial activities
Opis:
A series of 1-pyrenyl chalcones have been synthesized by Crossed-Aldol condensation of 1-acetylpyrene and substituted benzaldehydes. The purities of these chalcones have been checked by their physical constants, UV, IR, NMR and MASS spectral data. The spectral data of these chalcones have been correlated with Hammett sigma constants, F and R parameters using single and multi-linear regression analysis. From the results of statistical analysis, the effect of substituents on the spectral group frequencies have been discussed. The anti-microbial activities of these chalcones have been evaluated using Bauer-Kirby method.
Źródło:
International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy; 2013, 5; 21-38
2299-3843
Pojawia się w:
International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Synthesis and Hammett spectral correlation studies of some substituted cyanopyridine compounds
Autorzy:
Arulkumaran, R.
Manikandan, V.
Thirunarayanan, G.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1179260.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN
Tematy:
Hammett constants
IR and NMR spectra
Single and multi-correlation analysis
Substituted cyanopyridine
Opis:
About ten substituted cyanopyridine compounds have been synthesized and the purities of these pyridines were examined with their physical constants, analytical and spectroscopic data provided in the literature. They are characteristic infrared stretches and NMR chemical shifts were assigned and they are correlated with Hammett substituent constants using single and multi-linear regression analysis. From the results, the effect of substituents on the spectral data of cyanopyridine has been discussed.
Źródło:
World Scientific News; 2017, 80; 239-255
2392-2192
Pojawia się w:
World Scientific News
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Synthesis and spectral correlation studies of some substituted (E)-1-Benzylidene-2-(diphenylmethylene) hydrazines
Autorzy:
Arulkumaran, R.
Manikandan, V.
Christuraj, P.
Thirunarayanan, G.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1182844.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN
Tematy:
(e)-1-benzylidene-2-(diphenylmethylene) hydrazine
ir and nmr spectra
hammett correlations
Opis:
About ten substituted (E)-1-Benzylidene-2-(diphenylmethylene) hydrazine compounds have been synthesized. They are characterized by their analytical, ultraviolet, infrared and NMR spectral data. From infrared spectra, the CN and N+N vibrational frequencies (cm-1) of the hydrazines have been assigned. From NMR spectra, the chemical shifts (, ppm) of CH proton and C(C6H5)2 carbons of the hydrazines have been assigned. These data are correlated with Hammett substituent constants, F and R parameters using single and multi-linear regression analysis. From the results of statistical analysis, the effect of substituents on the spectral data have been discussed.
Źródło:
World Scientific News; 2017, 62; 93-110
2392-2192
Pojawia się w:
World Scientific News
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Thionylchloride catalyzed aldol condensation: Synthesis, spectral correlation and antibacterial activities of some 3,5-dichloro-2-hydroxyphenyl chalcones
Autorzy:
Arulkumaran, R.
Vijayakumar, S.
Sundararajan, R.
Sakthinathan, S. P.
Kamalakkannan, D.
Suresh, R.
Ranganathan, K.
Vanangamudi, G.
Thirunarayanan, G.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/411825.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN
Tematy:
chlorek tionylu
widma IR i NMR
korelacja Hammeta
aktywność antybakteryjna
wpływ podstawników
styrylo 3,5-dichloro-2-hydroksy fenylo ketony
thionyl chloride
styryl 3,5-dichloro-2-hydroxyphenyl ketones
IR and NMR spectra
Hammett correlation
substituent effects
antimicrobial activities
Opis:
A series of substituted styryl 3,5-dichloro-2-hydroxyphenyl ketones [1-(3, 5-dichloro-2-hydroxy)- 3-phenylprop-2-en-1-one] were synthesized using thionyl chloride assisted Crossed Aldol reaction. The yields of chalcones were more than 80%. The synthesized chalcones were characterized by analytical and spectroscopic data. From the spectroscopic data the group frequencies were correlated with Hammett substituent constants, F and R parameters. From the results of statistical analysis the effect of substituents were discussed. The antibacterial activities of these chalcones have been evaluated using Bauer-Kirby method.
Źródło:
International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy; 2012, 4; 17-38
2299-3843
Pojawia się w:
International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Monte Carlo study of medium-energy electron penetration in aluminium and silver
Autorzy:
Aydın, A.
Peker, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/146550.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
angular distribution
electron
energy spectra
penetration
transmission
Opis:
Monte Carlo simulations are very useful for many physical processes. The transport of particles was simulated by Monte Carlo calculating the basic parameters such as probabilities of transmitted–reflected and angular-energy distributions after interaction with matter. Monte Carlo simulations of electron scattering based on the single scattering model were presented in the medium-energy region for aluminium and silver matters. Two basic equations are required the elastic scattering cross section and the energy loss. The Rutherford equation for the different screening parameters is investigated. This scattering model is accurate in the energy range from a few keV up to about 0.50 MeV. The reliability of the simulation method is analysed by comparing experimental data from transmission measurements.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2015, 60, 2; 361-366
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Reflectance spectroscopy in geology and soil sciences: Literature review
Autorzy:
Badura, Ireneusz
Dąbski, Maciej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/15804610.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
reflectance spectroscopy
mineral spectra
geological mapping
soil studies
Opis:
This article presents a literature review of studies utilising reflectance spectroscopy in geological research. We describe a variety of available spectral libraries together with providing examples of spectral reflectance diagrams, and explain the basic spectral ranges. Geologists can use different methods of data collection, for example, sensors mounted on satellites, airborne [including unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) platforms] or portable spectroradiometers, and different ways of data processing. Most geological mapping based on reflectance spectroscopy is performed in the Arctic region, where vegetation does not obscure images. However, mineral mapping, studies of hot spring deposits, and rock/soil weathering alterations are also performed in lower latitudes. The development, combination and unifi-cation of all spectral data acquisition methods open up new possibilities for applications in a variety of geological and soil studies.
Źródło:
Quaestiones Geographicae; 2022, 41, 3; 157-167
0137-477X
2081-6383
Pojawia się w:
Quaestiones Geographicae
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Synthesis, and spectral Hammett correlation analysis of some (E)-1-(5-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)-3-phenylprop-2-en-1-one compounds
Autorzy:
Balaji, S.
Vijayakumar, R.
Manikandan, V.
Senbagam, R.
Rajarajan, M.
Vanangamudi, G.
Thirunarayanan, G.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1182925.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN
Tematy:
(e)-5-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl chalcones
synthesis
uv
ir and nmr spectra
hammett correlation analysis
substituent effect
Opis:
A series of substituted of (E)-1-(5-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)-3-phenylprop-2-en-1-one compounds by cross-aldol condensation reaction of 5-chloro-2-hydroxy acetophenone with various substituted benzaldehyde in the presence sodium hydroxide (base). The synthesized substituted (E)-1-(5-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)-3-phenylprop-2-en-1-one compounds was characterized by physical constants, UV, FT-IR, 1H & 13C-NMR spectral data. All the spectral data of substituted (E)-1-(5-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)-3-phenylprop-2-en-1-one compounds has been Hammett correlation with linear regression analyses.
Źródło:
World Scientific News; 2016, 49, 2; 144-161
2392-2192
Pojawia się w:
World Scientific News
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Comparatwe EPR analysis of oxygen interactions with plants carbonized at different temperatures
Autorzy:
Bartłomiejczyk, S.
Pilawa, B.
Krzesińska, M.
Pusz, S.
Zachariasz, J.
Wałach, W.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/284848.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008
Wydawca:
Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie. Polskie Towarzystwo Biominerałów
Tematy:
karbonizacja roślin
centra paramagnetyczne
paramagnetyczne utlenianie cząsteczek
elektroniczny rezonans paramagnetyczny
widma EPR
oksymetria
carbonized plants
paramagnetic centers
paramagnetic oxygen molecules
electron paramagnetic resonance
EPR spectra
oximetry
Opis:
Carbon materials, bamboo (Bambusa vulagris) and yucca (Yucca flaccida) pyrolysed at 550°C, 750°C and 950°C, were tested as oximetric probes by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy at X-band (9.3 GHz). The following parameters of the spectra: amplitude, linewidth and g-factor, were determined. Influence of oxygen molecules 02 on EPR spectra of the individual carbon materials was compared. Strong EPR spectra were recorded for samples carbonized at 550°C and weak signals were obtained for plants carbonized at higher temperatures: 750°C and 950°C. It was stated that amplitudes of EPR lines of all the carbonized plants decrease in the air environment compared to amplitudes of spectra measured in vacuum. This effect increases with degree of vacuum. Changes in the EPR spectra of samples studied in the air environment may be applied in medicine to determination of oxygen content in different cells. Because of strong resonance signals as oximetric probes we proposed bamboo and yucca carbonized at 550°C, and we rejected plants carbonized at 750°C and 950°C with Iow EPR signals.
Źródło:
Engineering of Biomaterials; 2008, 11, 73; 3-5
1429-7248
Pojawia się w:
Engineering of Biomaterials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Description of diesel fuel based on synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy
Autorzy:
Baszanowska, E.
Otremba, Z.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/242632.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy
total synchronous spectra
diesel fuel
wavelength-interval
offset
fluorescencyjna spektroskopia synchroniczna
widmo synchroniczne
olej napędowy
długość fali
Opis:
The purpose of the study is spectrally characterise fuel Diesel used in diesel ship engine. For description of Diesel fuel the techniques of total synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy was applied. To characterise the oil, the spectrofluorometer ‘Aqualog Horiba’, which allows performing precise measurement in a short time, was applied to measure the excitation-emission spectra. Total synchronous fluorescence spectra of oil were obtained using various wavelength intervals basing on the measured excitation-emission spectra of Diesel fuel. Total synchronous spectra of Diesel oil are considered for several oil concentration. Synchronous fluorescence spectra were used to describe the detected maxima of Diesel fuel fluorescence by the wavelength-interval fluorescence maximum, containing information about the excitation wavelength and the wavelength-interval describing the characteristic fluorescence peak position for each considered fuel sample. That approach is discussed in relation to find a universal indicator – the wavelength-interval – as a possible tool proposed to Diesel fuel description independent from the fuel concentration. Therefore, we discuss the changes of the total synchronous fluorescence spectra for different oil concentration. Obtained results indicate that the best indicator for this kind of oil characterisation seems to be the wavelength-interval for 60 nm due to the independence of the synchronous spectra from the oil concentration.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2017, 24, 1; 39-45
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Engine fuel characterisation based on excitation-emission spectra
Autorzy:
Baszanowska, E.
Otremba, Z.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/246580.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
fuel
diesel
engine
excitation-emission spectra
fluorescence
Opis:
Considering that correctly functioning of diesel ship engine depends on the composition of applied fuel, it is necessary to easy characterise fuels in terms of quality. Therefore taking into account above mentioned, appropriate analyses have been undertaken and the intention of this article is to inform that characterisation of fuel used in marine transport can be described by the specific parameter based on fluorescence excitation-emission spectroscopy. Therefore, for this study fuel typically used in ship engine – Diesel fuel – is considered. For analysis, Diesel fuel dissolved in n-hexane was used and several oil samples for various oil concentration were prepared. Spectrofluorometer Aqualog Horiba was used to record the excitation-emission spectra (EEMs). EEM spectra determined for each of oil concentration were described by two specific peaks for this kind of oil. Based on registered EEMs, the specific indicator - the wavelength-independent fluorescence maximum – coded in two specific wavelengths – excitation and emission, respectively, described as Exmax/Emmax was determined for considered oil concentration. Obtained results indicate the independence from oil concentration only for one detected peak described by Exmax/Emmax = 240/332. Taking into account obtained results, we can conclude that the wavelength-independent fluorescence maximum detected for excitation wavelength at 240 nm corresponds to the emission wavelength at 332 nm due to the independence from the oil concentration, could be a good indicator to characterise this kind of oil – Diesel fuel. We can conclude that the changes in the composition of fuel could be detected in EEM spectra by the change of detected peaks position.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2017, 24, 2; 25-30
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Fluorescence spectra of oil after it contacts with aquatic environment
Autorzy:
Baszanowska, E.
Otremba, Z.
Toczek, H.
Rohde, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/245054.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
oil pollution
fluorescence spectroscopy
excitation-emission spectra
seawater
environment protection
Opis:
The main task for natural marine environment protection is to prevent the inflow of various contaminants including oil substances and the real challenge is the ability to rapidly detect these pollutants. Moreover important is to find the source or the maker of the oil spill. In this paper, we consider fundamental physical aspects in the area of possibility of monitoring the natural marine ecosystem based on fluorescence spectroscopy. We utilize the fluorescence ability of numerous oil components – mainly polycyclic hydrocarbons. The paper concerns the spectrofluorimetric characterization of oils have been in use during exploitation of the marine fleet, i.e. lubricate oil, fuels, transformer and hydraulic oils as well as crude oils or their residues. Every kind of oil has a chance to enter the marine environment, especially in a case of ship emergency or after collision with other vessel ore shoreline structure as well as when ship enters the stranding. After discharge of oil, some of oil components are dissolved in the water, bacteria or photochemical reactions, which results in transformation of composition of oil, degrade some. Fluorescence spectrometer Perkin Elmer LS55 was applied to obtain the fluorescence spectra using different excitation wavelength in the range from 240 nm to 500 nm. We discuss the changes of the shapes of excitationemission spectra (EEMs) of various types of oil and the EEMs spectra after contact of oil with seawater as an oil-inwater emulsion, which is the most frequent form of oil in the water column. Significant changes in the shape of spectra and displacement of the peaks are observed.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2013, 20, 3; 29-34
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Light absorption properties of ‘Petrobaltic’ oil-in-water emulsion present in seawater
Autorzy:
Baszanowska, E.
Otremba, Z.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/246640.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
crude oil, absorbance
absorption spectra of dispersed oil
absorption coefficient
oil-in-water emulsion
Opis:
In the article, the characteristic of crude oil ‘Petrobaltic’ potentially present in the Baltic Sea water masses is considered in relation to the protection of marine environment. The main spectroscopic method to characterize various oils (crudes and refinery products like fuels and lubricating oils) is fluorescence. However, the absorbance measurements of oils are necessary due to the partial overlapping the spectra of natural seawater components and oil substances. Therefore, properties of crude oil are considered to expand the basis of spectroscopic properties of oils – typical marine organic pollutants – based on absorption measurements. Oils potentially found in the marine environment are, in addition to surface forms, also in-depth ones as oil-in-water emulsion. Therefore, in the article crude oil as oil-in-water emulsion form is considered. As a solvent demineralised water with salinity, corresponding to Baltic Sea salinity was used. Several concentrations of dispersed crude oil were prepared. The absorbance spectra in the UV and visual range of the light in the range from 240 to 600 nm, for each prepared samples are discussed. Based on the Lambert-Beer law for each wavelength of excitation, in the range 240-600 nm, the specific parameter absorption coefficient was determined. Obtained results indicate the rapid decreasing of the absorbance for this kind of oil in the wavelength range from 240 nm to 420 nm. However, in the shape of absorbance spectra is observed the characteristic wide and flat peak located at 260 nm for excitation wavelength, which could be a specific point for this kind of oil.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2018, 25, 3; 59-64
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł

Ta witryna wykorzystuje pliki cookies do przechowywania informacji na Twoim komputerze. Pliki cookies stosujemy w celu świadczenia usług na najwyższym poziomie, w tym w sposób dostosowany do indywidualnych potrzeb. Korzystanie z witryny bez zmiany ustawień dotyczących cookies oznacza, że będą one zamieszczane w Twoim komputerze. W każdym momencie możesz dokonać zmiany ustawień dotyczących cookies