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Tytuł:
Pattern of tree diversity in lowland tropical forest in Nikiwar, West Papua, Indonesia
Autorzy:
Murdjoko, A.
Djitmau, D.A.
Ungirwalu, A.
Sinery, A.S.
Siburian, R.H.S.
Mardiyadi, Z.
Wanma, A.O.
Wanma, J.F.
Rumatora, A.
Mofu, W.Y.
Worabai, D.
May, N.L.
Jitmau, M.M.
Mentansan, G.A.F.
Krey, K.
Musaad, I.
Manaf, M.
Abdullah, Y.
Mamboai, H.
Pamuji, K.E.
Raharjo, S.
Kilmaskossu, A.
Bachri, S.
Nur-Alzai, N.
Benu, N.M.H.
Tambing, J.
Kuswandi, R.
Khayati, L.
Lekitoo, K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2078261.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Dendrologii PAN
Tematy:
dendrogram
conservation
Importance Value Index
Shannon-Weiner
understory
Opis:
Trees are significant components of ecosystems built by several widespread species. For instance, Papua forest is known to comprise abiotic and biotic elements. Also, certain plants have grown in popu- larity to a point where they are discovered almost everywhere. The purpose of this study, therefore, was to investigate tree diversity, distribution, and the importance of conservation. Data were collected in four locations using a total of 24 sample plots spread across Idoor, Karst, Persemaian, and Torembi, where seven, four, seven, and five plots were allocated, respectively. These forests formed a mixed natural plantation comprising 76 species from 35 families. Furthermore, Idoor and Karst generated the highest species diver- sity and varied significantly compared to Persemaian, while Torembi showed similarities with the other three locations. This condition formed three ecosystem communities across Persemaian, Karst, Idoor, and Torembi. Also, the composition of the dominant species showed variations at the seedling and sapling levels believed to structure the understory, while the pole and tree levels characterized the overstory. The total species status was described as critically endangered (CR) of two species, vulnerable (VU) of six species, least con- cern (LC) of 28 species, and data deficient (DD) species. Therefore, location management is advised to not only pay significant attention in terms of economic benefits but also ecological, including the provisions for ex-situ and in-situ conservation to support sustainable forest management.
Źródło:
Dendrobiology; 2021, 85; 78-91
1641-1307
Pojawia się w:
Dendrobiology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Investigation of lithofacies predictability using the Shannon (information) entropy theorem : the Upper Eocene “Górka Lubartowska” amber deposit of the Siemien Formation
Autorzy:
Czuryłowicz, Krzysztof
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2185977.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Państwowy Instytut Geologiczny – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
Tematy:
Shannon entropy
uncertainty
facies probability
Multiple-Point Statistics
Opis:
A generalized workflow of scientific process requires data to be obtained, reprocessed, integrated, optionally transformed, modelled and finally interpreted in order to understand the underlying process. This procedure is affected by both objective and subjective uncertainties. In parallel with the development of geostatistics, the role of uncertainty has been widely investigated in geosciences. This has led to the introduction of new concepts, taken for example from thermodynamics, such as entropy. Predicting the subsurface is an especially thankless effort, as data are driven from spatially highly limited direct sources. The following paper provides an review of various applications of the Shannon entropy theorem in geoscience. Information entropy, initially proposed by Shannon (1948) provides an objective measure of overall system uncertainty. Significant concern has been focused on the application of Shannon entropy to provide an objective measure of joint system uncertainty and visualization of its spatial distribution. The area of extensively drilled Eocene amber-bearing deposits located in the Lubelskie voivodeship was selected as a case study to investigate the quality of prediction stochastic lithofacies models. The importance of adding secondary variables to a stochastic model is also reviewed here. Adding new data and rerunning the simulation allows assessment of its impact on the predictability of a stochastic model. The most important conclusion from the study is that the deposition of amber-bearing lithofacies occurred mostly in the northern part of the area investigated, as shown also by ongoing exploitation of the deposit.
Źródło:
Geological Quarterly; 2022, 66, 2; art. no. 16
1641-7291
Pojawia się w:
Geological Quarterly
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Definition of sampled signal spectrum and shannon’s proof of reconstruction formula
Autorzy:
Borys, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2211829.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Morski w Gdyni. Wydział Nawigacyjny
Tematy:
communication
signal characteristics
shannon'sproof
spectrum of a sampled signal
signal processing
signal sampling
shannon’s proof ofreconstruction formula
signalspectrum
Opis:
The objective of this paper is to show from another perspective that the definition of the spectrum of a sampled signal, which is used at present by researchers and engineers, is nothing else than an arbitrary choice for what is possibly not uniquely definable. To this end and for illustration, the Shannon’s proof of reconstruction formula is used. As we know, an auxiliary mathematical entity is constructed in this proof by performing periodization of the spectrum of an analog, bandlimited, energy signal. Admittedly, this entity is not called there a spectrum of the sampled signal - there is simply no need for this in the proof – but as such it is used in signal processing. And, it is not clear why just this auxiliary mathematical object has been chosen in signal processing to play a role of a definition of the spectrum of a sampled signal. We show here what are the interpretation inconsistences associated with the above choice. Finally, we propose another, simpler and more useful definition of the spectrum of a sampled signal, for the cases where it can be needed.
Źródło:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation; 2022, 16, 3; 473--478
2083-6473
2083-6481
Pojawia się w:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Kalman filter based method for fault diagnosis of analog circuits
Autorzy:
Li, X.
Xie, Y.
Bi, D.
Ao, Y.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/221517.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
analog fault diagnosis
signature extraction
Kalman filter
Shannon entropy
Opis:
This paper presents a Kalman filter based method for diagnosing both parametric and catastrophic faults in analog circuits. Two major innovations are presented, i.e., the Kalman filter based technique, which can significantly improve the efficiency of diagnosing a fault through an iterative structure, and the Shannon entropy to mitigate the influence of component tolerance. Both these concepts help to achieve higher performance and lower testing cost while maintaining the circuit.s functionality. Our simulations demonstrate that using the Kalman filter based technique leads to good results of fault detection and fault location of analog circuits. Meanwhile, the parasitics, as a result of enhancing accessibility by adding test points, are reduced to minimum, that is, the data used for diagnosis is directly obtained from the system primary output pins in our method. The simulations also show that decision boundaries among faulty circuits have small variations over a wide range of noise-immunity requirements. In addition, experimental results show that the proposed method is superior to the test method based on the subband decomposition combined with coherence function, arisen recently.
Źródło:
Metrology and Measurement Systems; 2013, 20, 2; 307-322
0860-8229
Pojawia się w:
Metrology and Measurement Systems
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Sub-phase power electronics inverters
Autorzy:
Gwóźdź, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/97361.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Politechnika Poznańska. Wydawnictwo Politechniki Poznańskiej
Tematy:
inverter
Generalized Sampling Expansion
Whittaker-Kotelnikov-Shannon sampling theorem
WKS
Opis:
Dynamic changes of parameters of energy sources and receivers are reasons that decrease exactitude of output signals towards reference signals. To improve these parameters more advanced solutions of power electronics systems are necessary. Ones of possible solutions are a sub-phase inverters. The output quantity regulator there is based on Generalized Sampling Expansion, being crucial extension of Whittaker-Kotelnikov-Shannon sampling theorem. Wide-band power electronics current source with regulator based on that extension is analyzed further.
Źródło:
Computer Applications in Electrical Engineering; 2011, 9; 190-199
1508-4248
Pojawia się w:
Computer Applications in Electrical Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Prediction of Missing Values in Adult Data Set of UCI Machine Learning : A Case of Study
Autorzy:
Luna, Alejandra
Bello, Mario
Hernandez, Ana
Bonilla, Edmundo
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1397481.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Warszawska Wyższa Szkoła Informatyki
Tematy:
Shannon theory
entropy
missing attributes
adult dataset
UCI Machine Learning
Opis:
These days, not having complete data of any kind can be a big problem for different organizations when making decisions. In this article, we propose to use Shannon entropy and information gain to predict and impute missing categorical data in any data set. It is detailed with an example of how entropy is applied and knows the level of uncertainty of each attribute value. Likewise, the imputation of the missing attributes is also carried out with other imputation techniques in the Adult data set of UCI Machine Learning to denote the advantages offered by the proposed methodology.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Naukowe Warszawskiej Wyższej Szkoły Informatyki; 2020, 14, 22; 7-21
1896-396X
2082-8349
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Naukowe Warszawskiej Wyższej Szkoły Informatyki
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Digital communication : optical vs. THz links
Autorzy:
Marczewski, Jacek
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1818239.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Stowarzyszenie Elektryków Polskich
Tematy:
mobile communication
optical links
Shannon theorem
THz radiation
THz links
Opis:
The paper presents a comprehensive look at the perspectives on the use of THz in digital communication systems. The publication aims to focus on arguments that justify a significant increase in the frequency of radio links and their integration with fibre-based networks. Comparison of THz links with their microwave and optical counterparts is discussed from basic physical limitations to technological constraints. Main attention is paid to the available channel capacity resulting from its bandwidth and signal-to-noise ratio. The short final discussion is about technology platforms that seem to be crucial to the availability of suitable THz sources. According to the author, the biggest advantage of using bands in the range of several hundred GHz for a digital data transmission is their use for mobile communication over short distances, as well as for broadband indoor links. However, these applications require a development of compact electronic THz sources with low noise and power reaching single watts. This is beyond the range of the most popular silicon-based technology platform, although a significant progress can be expected with the development of technologies based on wide bandgap semiconductors. Fibre optic connections remain the unquestioned leader in communication over long distances and permanent links.
Źródło:
Opto-Electronics Review; 2020, 28, 3; 176--181
1230-3402
Pojawia się w:
Opto-Electronics Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Estimation of information entropy based on its visualization
Autorzy:
Cholewa, M.
Palys, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/333282.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Śląski. Wydział Informatyki i Nauki o Materiałach. Instytut Informatyki. Zakład Systemów Komputerowych
Tematy:
Shannon's entropy
information theory
visualization
entropia Shannona
teoria informacji
wizualizacja
Opis:
This paper describes the method which allows an estimation of information entropy in the meaning of Shannon. The method is suitable to an estimation which sample has a higher value of information entropy. Several algorithms have been used to estimate entropy, assuming that they do it faster. Each algorithm has calculated this value for several text samples. Then analysis has verified which comparisons of the two samples were correct. It has been found that the probabilistic algorithm is the fastest and most effective in returning the estimated value of entropy.
Źródło:
Journal of Medical Informatics & Technologies; 2017, 26; 18-25
1642-6037
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Medical Informatics & Technologies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
On the properties of the Generalized Normal Distribution
Autorzy:
Toulias, Thomas
Kitsos, Christos
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/729804.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Zielonogórski. Wydział Matematyki, Informatyki i Ekonometrii
Tematy:
entropy type Fisher's information
Shannon entropy
Normal distribution
truncated distribution
Opis:
The target of this paper is to provide a critical review and to enlarge the theory related to the Generalized Normal Distributions (GND). This three term (position, scale shape) distribution is based in a strong theoretical background due to Logarithm Sobolev Inequalities. Moreover, the GND is the appropriate one to support the Generalized entropy type Fisher's information measure.
Źródło:
Discussiones Mathematicae Probability and Statistics; 2014, 34, 1-2; 35-49
1509-9423
Pojawia się w:
Discussiones Mathematicae Probability and Statistics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Digital communication : optical vs. THz links
Autorzy:
Marczewski, Jacek
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1818244.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Stowarzyszenie Elektryków Polskich
Tematy:
mobile communication
optical links
Shannon theorem
THz radiation
THz links
Opis:
The paper presents a comprehensive look at the perspectives on the use of THz in digital communication systems. The publication aims to focus on arguments that justify a significant increase in the frequency of radio links and their integration with fibre-based networks. Comparison of THz links with their microwave and optical counterparts is discussed from basic physical limitations to technological constraints. Main attention is paid to the available channel capacity resulting from its bandwidth and signal-to-noise ratio. The short final discussion is about technology platforms that seem to be crucial to the availability of suitable THz sources. According to the author, the biggest advantage of using bands in the range of several hundred GHz for a digital data transmission is their use for mobile communication over short distances, as well as for broadband indoor links. However, these applications require a development of compact electronic THz sources with low noise and power reaching single watts. This is beyond the range of the most popular silicon-based technology platform, although a significant progress can be expected with the development of technologies based on wide bandgap semiconductors. Fibre optic connections remain the unquestioned leader in communication over long distances and permanent links.
Źródło:
Opto-Electronics Review; 2020, 28, 3; 176--181
1230-3402
Pojawia się w:
Opto-Electronics Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The use of phytoplankton communities for assessment of water quality in the Wadaslintang Reservoir in Indonesia
Autorzy:
Piranti, Agatha S.
Wibowo, Dwi N.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/946893.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Instytut Technologiczno-Przyrodniczy
Tematy:
algae
pollution level
Shannon-Wiener index
Storet index
water quality
Opis:
The use of phytoplankton as an indicator of water pollution is a promising tool for assessment of water quality. The purpose of this study was to determine whether diversity indices, including the species richness and diversity of phyto-plankton, could be used for reliable assessment of water quality in the Wadaslintang Reservoir in Indonesia. Surveys were conducted monthly at eight sites, from July 2019 to October 2019. Phytoplankton was collected during the day at 10:00 until approximately 15:00 in the euphotic zone. The parameters investigated were species richness and the abundance of phytoplankton, as well as water quality parameters listed in Government Regulation Number 82 of 2001. The level of pollution was represented biologically by the Shannon–Wiener diversity index and physicochemically by the STORET (storage and retrieval of water quality data) index. Moreover, the two indices were compared to determine whether a particular diversity index was more effective for assessment of this reservoir. The results showed that during the dry season, 22 taxa of phytoplankton were present, belonging to Cyanophyta, Chlorophyta, Chrysophyta, and Euglenophyta. During the wet season, 29 taxa were found, belonging to Cyanophyta, Chlorophyta, and Chrysophyta. Based on the Shannon-Wiener index and STORET index, water quality was better during the wet season than during the dry season. The results of water quality assessment using both indices were consistent, but the diversity index was a more sensitive indicator of pollution levels. Therefore, the Shannon–Wiener index is a useful tool for assessment of water quality in the Wadaslintang Reservoir.
Źródło:
Journal of Water and Land Development; 2020, 46; 170-178
1429-7426
2083-4535
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Water and Land Development
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Signatura of magic and Latin integer squares: isentropic clans and indexing
Autorzy:
Cameron, Ian
Rogers, Adam
Loly, Peter
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/729830.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Zielonogórski. Wydział Matematyki, Informatyki i Ekonometrii
Tematy:
Shannon entropy
magic square
Latin square
singular value decomposition
singular value clan
Opis:
The 2010 study of the Shannon entropy of order nine Sudoku and Latin square matrices by Newton and DeSalvo [Proc. Roy. Soc. A 2010] is extended to natural magic and Latin squares up to order nine. We demonstrate that decimal and integer measures of the Singular Value sets, here named SV clans, are a powerful way of comparing different integer squares.
Several complete sets of magic and Latin squares are included, including the order eight Franklin subset which is of direct relevance to magic square line patterns on chess boards. While early examples suggested that lower rank specimens had lower entropy, sufficient data is presented to show that some full rank cases with low entropy possess a set of singular values separating into a dominant group with the remainder much weaker. An effective rank measure helps understand these issues.
We also introduce a new measure for integer squares based on the sum of the fourth powers of the singular values which appears to give a useful method of indexing both Latin and magic squares. This can be used to begin cataloging a "library" of magical squares.
Based on a video presentation in celebration of George Styan's 75th at LINSTAT2012 and IWMS-21 on 19 July, 2012 at Będlewo, Poland.
Źródło:
Discussiones Mathematicae Probability and Statistics; 2013, 33, 1-2; 121-149
1509-9423
Pojawia się w:
Discussiones Mathematicae Probability and Statistics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Input Variable Partition Method in Functional Decomposition based on Shannon Expansion
Metoda doboru zmiennych w dekompozycji funkcjonalnej bazująca na ekspansji Shannona
Autorzy:
Morawiecki, P.
Rawski, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/155586.pdf
Data publikacji:
2007
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Inżynierów i Techników Mechaników Polskich
Tematy:
dekompozycja funkcjonalna
ekspansja Shannona
synteza logiczna
functional decomposition
Shannon expansion
logic synthesis
Opis:
Functional decomposition has important applications in many fields of modern engineering and science. The practical usefulness of decomposition-based methods for very complex systems is restricted by computational complexity and memory requirements of existing algorithms. Efficiency of currently used decomposition algorithms is dependent on the size of decomposed functions. One of the crucial parts of functional decomposition is the input variable partitioning. In this paper, the "divide-and-conquer" paradigm is used to propose a new input variable partitioning method. It has to be stressed that proposed method is not the input variable partition algorithm itself. It should be treated as a general scheme, method which can be combined with the algorithms generating input variable partitions (systematically, heuristically or by algorithms based on BDD).
Dekompozycja funkcjonalna ma zastosowania w wielu dziedzinach współczesnej nauki. W artykule zostaje zaproponowany algorytm, który pozwoli na skrócenie czasu obliczeń na etapie doboru zmiennych w dekompozycji funkcjonalnej. Opisana metoda bazuje na paradygmacie "dziel i rządź", wykorzystuje ekspansję Shannona. Należy podkreślić, iż zaproponowana metoda nie jest algorytmem doboru zmiennych samym w sobie. Stanowi ogólny schemat, który może być wykorzystany wraz z innymi metodami doboru zmiennych (metoda systematyczna, metody heurystyczne, metody oparte na
Źródło:
Pomiary Automatyka Kontrola; 2007, R. 53, nr 7, 7; 121-123
0032-4140
Pojawia się w:
Pomiary Automatyka Kontrola
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Impact of Jute Retting on Native Fish Diversity and Aquatic Health of Roadside Transitory Water Bodies: an Assessment in Eastern India
Autorzy:
Ghosh, D.
Biswas, J. K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/125476.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej
Tematy:
transitory water bodies
physicochemical analysis
fish diversity
Shannon-Wiener Index
jute retting
Opis:
Roadside transitory water bodies being manmade depressions have a great ecological and socio-economic importance from years. The effects of agricultural runoffs, jute retting, macro-phytes infestations and inadequate rainfall in changed climate often degrade transitory water bodies’ environment while the biodiversity have impacted severely because of population pressure, over exploitation and indiscriminate use of fine meshed fishing gears as a whole. Physico-chemical and biological analysis with fish species composition, relative abundance, diversity indices like species richness, evenness and Shannon-Wiener index were carried out for pre-, during and post-jute retting season and for year mean as a whole to assess impact of jute retting on the roadside transitory water body’s environmental health and indigenous fish diversity at Sahebnagar village in Nadia District, India. All the physico-chemical parameters barring biochemical oxygen demand and water transparency remained more or less same or marginally got little changed during those three seasons. As much as 19 native fish species with varied relative abundances and dominances were identified. Jute retting impacted lower native fish diversity indices like Shannon-Wiener index values (1.94 to 2.68) clearly indicated poor to moderate pollution status of the transitory water body in that area during monsoon in particular and throughout the year in general. So we opined there should be some control over the intense jute retting in the road side transitory water bodies for sustainable management of these manmade resources.
Źródło:
Journal of Ecological Engineering; 2015, 16, 4; 14-21
2299-8993
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Ecological Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A sampling theory for infinite weighted graphs
Autorzy:
Jorgensen, P. E. T.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/254989.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie. Wydawnictwo AGH
Tematy:
weighted graph
Hilbert space
Laplace operator
sampling
Shannon
white noise
Wiener transform
interpolation
Opis:
We prove two sampling theorems for infinite (countable discrete) weighted graphs G; one example being "large grids of resistors" i.e., networks and systems of resistors. We show that there is natural ambient continuum X containing G, and there are Hilbert spaces of functions on X that allow interpolation by sampling values of the functions restricted only on the vertices in G. We sample functions on X from their discrete values picked in the vertex-subset G. We prove two theorems that allow for such realistic ambient spaces X for a fixed graph G, and for interpolation kernels in function Hilbert spaces on X, sampling only from points in the subset of vertices in G. A continuum is often not apparent at the outset from the given graph G. We will solve this problem with the use of ideas from stochastic integration.
Źródło:
Opuscula Mathematica; 2011, 31, 2; 209-236
1232-9274
2300-6919
Pojawia się w:
Opuscula Mathematica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
ŹRÓDŁA TRANSMISYJNEGO UJĘCIA PROCESU KOMUNIKACJI
Autorzy:
Kulczycki, Emanuel
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/647025.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie
Tematy:
communication
transmission model of communication
communication science
John Locke
the Shannon–Weaver model
Opis:
The purpose of the present paper is to suggest a philosophical basis for reflection on the transmission model of communication. The article is a contribution to the discussion about the genesis of the concept of communication. It also attempts to specify the conditions that have to be met to identify the non-etymological genesis of transmission approach to the phenomenon of communication. The paper consists of four sections. The first one distinguishes between a ‘model of communication’ and an ‘approach to communication’. While the second section examines the etymological and historical genesis of the contemporary term ‘communication’, it particularly discusses two metaphors on which the transmission model of communication builds: the ‘organic’ and the ‘transmission’ metaphors. The third section considers the basic elements of the Shannon–Weaver model of communication which is generally regarded as the very source of all communication models. The fourth section delivers a presentation of a philosophical perspective on the genesis of the transmission approach: Plato’s Phaedros, Scholastic semiotics, Descartes’ cogito and Locke’s empiricism are covered here. The most important conclusion that is drawn here has it that the philosophical perspective on the genesis of the concept of communication makes it possible to show that the category of transmission is inadequate for a serious reflection on the communication process.
Źródło:
Studia Humanistyczne AGH; 2012, 11, 1
2084-3364
Pojawia się w:
Studia Humanistyczne AGH
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
New formula for the failure/repair frequency of multi-state monotone systems and its applications
Autorzy:
Korczak, E.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/969720.pdf
Data publikacji:
2007
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Badań Systemowych PAN
Tematy:
multi-state monotone systems
availability
repair frequency
binary representation
Shannon decomposition
random demand
Opis:
The paper deals with calculation methods for failure and repair frequencies of multi-state monotone systems, both for the instantaneous and steady state cases. First, the fixed demand is considered. Based on the binary representation of multi-state structure, we have obtained a new formula for the failure/repair frequency. This formula is used to derive simple rules for the calculation of failure/repair frequency. These rules show how to convert an expression for the system availability into appropriate expression for the system failure/repair frequency. The applicability of the rules is illustrated by some examples. Finally, expressions for the failure/repair frequency for systems operating under random demand are obtained. Since both input and output data have similar format, the rules can be used in a recursive manner, allowing easy analysis of complex systems with hierarchical structure.
Źródło:
Control and Cybernetics; 2007, 36, 1; 219-239
0324-8569
Pojawia się w:
Control and Cybernetics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Shannon-inspired information in the clinical use of neural signals concerning post-comatose patients
Autorzy:
Noh, Hyungrae
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/28763358.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Copernicus Center Press
Tematy:
postcomatose disorders of consciousness
Shannon’s theory of information
minimal consciousness
mental action
Opis:
Post-comatose patients are classified as being in a minimally conscious state when they have executive functions. Because traditional behavioral assessments may not capture signs of executive functions in post-comatose patients, clinicians look to localized brain activities in response to task instructions, such as imagining wiggling toes, to diagnose minimal consciousness. This paper critically assesses the assumption underlying such alternative methods: that brain activities are neural signals conveying information about minimal consciousness. Based on a Shannon-inspired idea of information, I distinguish between informational and engineering aspects of clinical tasks. The informational aspect concerns the conditional probability that, for example, given activity in the motor areas of the brain in response to task instructions, a patient is imagining wiggling toes. The engineering aspect concerns efficient activation of the relevant brain areas in a patient under the task conditions. This distinction shows that the current alternative methods are not informationally problematic, but are structurally “ill-formed.” For instance, the toe-imagery task requires the capacity to comprehend syntactically complex sentences, which can be dissociated from minimal consciousness. I propose a misrepresentation task, which tests the capacity to misconceptualize lukewarm water as melting wax, as a supplement to the current alternative methods. This task is as informationally reliable as these methods, but is structurally “well-formed,” as it does not rely methodologically on prerequisites such as language comprehension.
Źródło:
Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce; 2022, 73; 121-145
0867-8286
2451-0602
Pojawia się w:
Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Basic unit size in the analysis of the distribution of spatial landscape elements on the basis of the lithostratigraphic geodiversity of the Ojców National Park (Poland)
Autorzy:
Bartuś, T.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/184434.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie. Wydawnictwo AGH
Tematy:
basic unit size estimation
landscape
geodiversity
lithostratigraphic geodiversity
Shannon diversity index
Ojców National Park
Opis:
Spatial analyses of landscape element diversity are always carried out on the basis of a previously established analytical grid. It divides the research area into 'n' smaller areas - basic units before calculating various landscape measures for each of them. The selection of an appropriate analytical grid, particularly its cell size, is a key issue for the results obtained and conclusions drawn from them. The article describes the procedure of empirical selection of a basic unit size in the medium-scale landscape and geodiversity analyses employing a regular analytical grid with square cells. The established methodology was based on observations of the distribution of the number of studied feature categories in the analytical grid fields. The correctness measures for the selection of the optimal basic unit size were the distributions themselves, as well as selected descriptive statistical parameters. The conducted analyses accurately illustrate the dependences between the variable size of the basic unit size and the number of the studied feature categories. The research conducted proves that the simple empirical approximation of the optimal basic unit size is possible. The proposed procedure allowed the determination of the optimal basic unit size for the variation of the lithostratigraphic units of the Ojców National Park. The optimal unit size for the accuracy data typical for a reference scale 1:50 000 was specified as 500 m.
Źródło:
Geology, Geophysics and Environment; 2017, 43, 2; 95-108
2299-8004
2353-0790
Pojawia się w:
Geology, Geophysics and Environment
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Methods for measurement and visualization of changes in biodiversity
Metody pomiaru i wizualizacji zmian bioróżnorodności
Autorzy:
Chomczyńska, M.
Łagód, G.
Montusiewicz, A.
Malicki, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/127074.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Towarzystwo Chemii i Inżynierii Ekologicznej
Tematy:
biodiversity
Shannon index
rarefaction curves
profile method
bioróżnorodność
indeks Shannona
krzywe rarefakcji
metoda profili
Opis:
Biodiversity can be evaluated basing on the species numbers or numbers of chosen taxa (S). The biodiversity assessment is also enabled using the Shannon index (H) that includes numbers of taxa and their relative abundances (or relative biomass likely relative degrees of covering). The proper description of biological or statistically significant differences (or their absence) between the compared taxocenosis of identical or subjectively different values of S and H, is not possible by use of both methods mentioned. Thus, the aim of our work was to present the manners for solving these problems basing on the example of three hypothetical organism communities. Two of the communities mentioned were characterized by the same values of S (taxon richness) and different values of H (the Shannon index) and two ones had similar H values and different values of S. To obtain the complete description of biological differences between compared communities the following indices were calculated: Hmax (a maximum value of Shannon index for the richness of taxa represented by the same number of individuals), Vd (a percentage value of covering structural capacity of community, “evenness deficiency”), E (MacArthur index - a taxon number (S) in a community for which the observed value of H equals Hmax) and Ps (taxon richness shortage in percents). Moreover, graphical method of Δb, profiles was used for comparing community diversities. Instead, to obtain information about statistically significant differences in biodiversity between analyzed communities, the rarefaction curves were applied. The curves are based on the zero models and the Monte Carlo method.
Bioróżnorodność można oceniać na podstawie liczby gatunków lub liczby dowolnie wybranych taksonów (S). Ocenę bioróżnorodności można również przeprowadzić za pomocą indeksu Shannona (H), do obliczeń którego wykorzystuje się liczbę taksonów oraz ich względne liczebności (lub względne biomasy ewentualnie relatywne stopnie pokrycia). Przy użyciu obu wymienionych metod nie można poprawnie określić statystycznie istotnych czy też biologicznych różnic (lub ich braku) pomiędzy porównywanymi taksocenozami o identycznych lub subiektywnie różnych wartościach S i H. Stąd celem prezentowanej pracy było przedstawienie sposobów rozwiązania tego problemu na przykładzie trzech hipotetycznych zbiorowisk żywych organizmów. Wśród tych taksocenoz dwie charakteryzowały się takimi samymi wartościami S (bogactwa taksonów) i różnymi wartościami H (indeksu Shannona), a dwie miały zbliżone wartości H, a różne wartości S. Dla pełnego określenia różnic biologicznych pomiędzy porównywanymi zbiorowiskami obliczono wskaźniki: Hmax (maksymalna wartość indeksu Shannona dla danego bogactwa taksonów charakteryzujących się takimi samymi liczebnościami), Vd (wyrażona w % wartość wypełnienia strukturalnych możliwości zbiorowiska; niedostatek „równomierności”), E (indeks MacArthura, czyli liczba taksonów S w zbiorowisku, dla którego dany indeks H przyjąłby wartość maksymalną) oraz Ps (wyrażony w % niedostatek bogactwa taksonów). Dodatkowo, dla porównania bioróżnorodności zbiorowisk użyto graficznej metody profili Δb. W celu uzyskania informacji o statystycznie istotnych różnicach między analizowanymi zbiorowiskami pod względem bioróżnorodności wykreślono krzywe rarefakcji, bazujące na modelach zerowych i metodzie Monte Carlo.
Źródło:
Proceedings of ECOpole; 2011, 5, 1; 29-34
1898-617X
2084-4557
Pojawia się w:
Proceedings of ECOpole
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Spring barley response to tillage systems and crop residues
Reakcja jęczmienia jarego na systemy uprawy roli i resztki pożniwne
Autorzy:
Woźniak, A.
Rachoń, L.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/13925494.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy w Lublinie. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Przyrodniczego w Lublinie
Tematy:
spring barley
tillage system
crop residue
grain yield
weed infestation
Shannon-Wiener's diversity index
Źródło:
Agronomy Science; 2022, 77, 1; 27-43
2544-4476
2544-798X
Pojawia się w:
Agronomy Science
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Phytocenological approach in biomonitoring of the state of aquatic ecosystems in Ukrainian Polesie
Autorzy:
Fedonyuk, Tetiana P.
Fedoniuk, Roman H.
Zymaroieva, Anastasiia A.
Pazych, Viktor M.
Aristarkhova, Ella O.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/293038.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Instytut Technologiczno-Przyrodniczy
Tematy:
biodiversity
biomonitoring
macrophytes
Margalef index
Pielou index
Shannon index
Simpson index
surface water
water quality
Opis:
The results of a research into the scale and consequences of the degradation of aquatic ecosystems in Ukrainian Polesie have been detected in article, and the areas of increased anthropogenic pressure have been identified which greatly affect the condition and number of aquatic macrophytes. The biodiversity of sites with different anthropogenic load was evaluated using the biodiversity criteria. In the research, the structural and functional features of macrophytic species diversity within Teteriv River ecological corridor as a typical river landscape of Ukrainian Polesie were determined and described, the floristic composition was determined. Within the ecological zones, the number of species and their projective coverage in areas with different anthropogenic pressures within Teteriv River ecological corridor were determined. The basic criteria for the implementation of deferred biomonitoring based on the analysis of the dynamics of the species composition of the phytocoenoses of Teteriv River ecological corridor on the indicators of ecological stability and plasticity using the species-specific criteria, are: Margalef species richness index, Sørensen–Dice index, Shannon diversity index, Simpson’s index, and Pielou’s evenness index. Based on the results, correlation dependencies have been constructed, which will allow to obtain data on the stability of the development of aquatic ecosystems according to the data of species surveys. Interconnections between biodiversity indicators and indicators of surface water quality within the Ukrainian Polesie were found; they are the fundamental component of a long-term monitoring of the stability in the development of aquatic phytocenoses.
Źródło:
Journal of Water and Land Development; 2020, 44; 65-74
1429-7426
2083-4535
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Water and Land Development
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Fault diagnosis for electromagnetic relay using discrete wavelet transform and wavelet packet entropy
Diagnozowanie wad przekaźnika elektromagnetycznego przy użyciu transformaty fali elementarnej i entropii paczki fal elementarnych
Autorzy:
Havryliuk, V.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/115298.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Wyższa Szkoła Techniczna w Katowicach
Tematy:
relay
fault diagnosis
wavelet transform
Shannon entropy
przekaźnik elektromagnetyczny
diagnostyka usterek
transformata falkowa
entropia Shannona
Opis:
In order to fault features extraction for neutral electromagnetic relays of railway automatics, the time dependences of the relays transient currents during relays switching have been measured. The results of measurements, performed for the relay in operable condition and for relays with artificially created defects, were analyzed in the time and frequency domains. The discrete wavelet transform (DWT), discrete wavelet packet transform (DWPT) and wavelet packet energy Shannon entropy (WPESE) were used for relay fault feature extraction. Increased values of the WPESE of the transient current for electromagnetic relay with armature defects as compared with the value for the relay in operable condition, provides an integrated assessment of the relay fault existence. Analysis of relay transient currents by using DWT and WPT allows to identify the defects of the relay contacts and armature. Defects of the relay electromagnetic system can be revealed by measuring the time constants of the transient current when the relay is energized but the anchor does not move yet, because it is in one of the two end positions.
Aby wykryć oznaki wad neutralnych przekaźników elektromagnetycznych automatyki kolejowej, zmierzono zależności prądów przejściowych, przekaźników w czasie ich przełączania. Wyniki pomiarów, wykonanych w stanie roboczym przekaźnika i dla przekaźników ze sztucznie stworzonymi wadami, przeanalizowano w zależności od czasu i częstotliwości. Do wykrycia wady przekaźnika użyto dyskretnej transformaty fali elementarnej (DWT), dyskretnej transformaty paczki fal elementarnych (DWPT) oraz entropii Shannona energii paczki fal elementarnych (WPESE). Zwiększona WPESE prądu przejściowego dla przekaźnika elektromagnetycznego w porównaniu do wartości w stanie roboczym zapewnia kompleksową ocenę występowania wady przekaźnika. Analiza prądu przejściowego przy użyciu DWT i DWPT pozwala na identyfikację i lokalizację w czasie wad kontaktów i zwory przekaźnika. Wady układu przekaźnika można ujawnić mierząc stałe czasowe prądu przejściowego, kiedy przekaźnik jest włączony, ale zwora się nie porusza, ponieważ znajduje się w jednym z dwóch położeń końcowych.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Naukowe Wyższej Szkoły Technicznej w Katowicach; 2017, 9; 31-40
2082-7016
2450-5552
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Naukowe Wyższej Szkoły Technicznej w Katowicach
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Community Structure of Lumbricidae in Permanent Grassland and Arable Land
Autorzy:
Mazur-Pączka, Anna
Pączka, Grzegorz
Kostecka, Joanna
Garczyńska, Mariola
Podolak, Agnieszka
Szura, Renata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/123970.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej
Tematy:
earthworms
biodiversity
agricultural areas
dominance
frequency
Shannon-Wiener diversity index
dominance values of Berger-Parker
Opis:
Lumbricidae play a key role in the soil environment as “the ecosystem engineers”. They participate in all the categories of services provided by ecosystems. In agricultural areas, the conventional intensive farming practices have led to a significant decline in the biological diversity of soils including earthworms. In this study, we attempted to characterize the community structure of earthworms in permanent grassland and arable land of the Didactic & Experimental Station of Rzeszów University in Krasne near Rzeszów. Similar densities of earthworms were observed in the grassland and in the arable land (101.01 ± 18.03 ind. ∙ m-2 and 82.12 ± 18.26 ind. ∙ m-2, respectively) (p > 0.05) as well as a similar biomass of Lumbricidae (77.72 ± 15.30 g ∙ m-2 and 54.34 ± 11.72 g ∙ m-2) (p > 0.05). In the research, 7 species of earthworms were found in the permanent grassland and 6 representatives of Lumbricidae were identified in the arable land. The identified earthworms represented all three main morpho-ecological groups. The density and biomass of epi-endogeic earthworm L. rubellus and the anecic species of L. terrestris were shown to be higher (p < 0.05) in the grassland as compared to the arable land. In order to protect Lumbricidae and to sustain the beneficial role of earthworms in an ecosystem, it is necessary to monitor the negative changes in populations of earthworm species attributed to various farming practices.
Źródło:
Journal of Ecological Engineering; 2019, 20, 5; 1-6
2299-8993
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Ecological Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Metoda SAW z przedziałowymi danymi i wagami uzyskanymi za pomocą przedziałowej entropii Shannona
The SAW method with interval data and the weights obtained using the interval Shannon’s entropy
Autorzy:
Kacprzak, Dariusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/591032.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny w Katowicach
Tematy:
Entropia Shannona
Liczby przedziałowe
Metoda SAW
Wagi obiektywne
Interval numbers
Objective weights
SAW method
Shannon entropy
Opis:
Celem artykułu jest rozszerzenie metody SAW na problemy podejmowania decyzji z danymi przedziałowymi. Pozwala to na modelowanie problemów rzeczywistych, w których nie można dokładnie zmierzyć danych. Zaproponowana metoda wykorzystuje entropię Shannona, która jest jedną z metod wyznaczania obiektywnych wag kryteriów. Pozwala to uniknąć subiektywizmu i nieprecyzyjności spowodowanej niekompletną wiedzą, osądami, opiniami i preferencjami decydentów.
The aim of the paper is to extend the SAW method for decision-making problems with interval data. This allows modeling real life problems in which data cannot be measured precisely. Moreover, proposed method uses Shannon’s entropy which is one of the methods for finding objective weights of criteria. It allows to avoid subjectivity and imprecision caused by incomplete knowledge, judgments, opinions and preferences of decision makers.
Źródło:
Studia Ekonomiczne; 2018, 348; 144-155
2083-8611
Pojawia się w:
Studia Ekonomiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
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