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Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 127
Tytuł:
Spór relatywizmu z absolutyzmem na temat pojęcia prawdy
Relativism or Absolutism?
Autorzy:
Ziemińska, Renata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2013043.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II. Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL
Tematy:
relatywizm prawdy
relatywizm pojęciowy
obiektywizm
Twardowski
Putnam
truth relativism
concept relativism
objectivism
Opis:
The article presents the debate between truth relativism and truth absolutism. The source of relativism is the lack of certainty (if we have no guarantee that any of our proposition is true, we can think that our concept of objective truth is useless and should be replaced by a concept of subjective and so relative truth). Relativism is the thesis that truth depends on subject, time, place and circumstances of assertion, and so, two opposite propositions can be both true (for instance for two different persons). Truth absolutism is the negation of truth relativism. It is a thesis that one and the same proposition can not be both true and false relative to any circumstances of its assertion (time, subject, place). The main contemporary relativist argument is concept relativism (we must think in a conceptual scheme, so the truth of our beliefs depends in some way on the scheme). But, the concept relativism does not entail truth relativism. Only existence of a proposition depends on a conceptual scheme. The truth of the proposition need not be so dependent, if we accept the existence of the objective world and the concept of objective truth. Objectivism entails absolutism (objective truth is timeless).
Źródło:
Roczniki Filozoficzne; 2009, 57, 1; 299-314
0035-7685
Pojawia się w:
Roczniki Filozoficzne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Co głosi relatywizm poznawczy? Rekonstrukcja konstytutywnych twierdzeń relatywizmu
What Does the Cognitive Relativism Claim? A Reconstruction of the Constitutive Theses of Relativism
Autorzy:
Leszczyńska, Dorota
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/909782.pdf
Data publikacji:
2005-03-01
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydział Filozofii
Tematy:
cognitive relativism
incommensurability thesis
quine
Opis:
The aim of the paper is to present a reconstruction of the constitutive theses of cognitive relativism. The reconstruction is based on some examples of well-known theses and statements that are conceived to be relativistic. I distinguish three constituents of cognitive relativism: 1) the thesis of constructive character of cognition, 2) the thesis of pluralism of cognitive schemes, 3) the thesis of incommensurability of cognitive schemes. The rest of the article aims at, first, proving that Quine's philosophical standpoint is not relativistic as it clashes with the third thesis of relativism. And, second, I try to argue that a relativist may avoid the consequence of agnosticism but, which is not surprising, he/she has to radically reject the idea of the objective truth as the purpose of our cognition.
Źródło:
Filozofia Nauki; 2005, 13, 1; 99-110
1230-6894
2657-5868
Pojawia się w:
Filozofia Nauki
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Społeczny wymiar epistemologii w kontekście relacji wewnątrz grup religijnych – tropy teoretyczne
Autorzy:
Remisiewicz, Łukasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2131000.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-06-01
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Religioznawcze
Tematy:
epistemological pragmatics
realism
constructivism
relativism
Opis:
This paper addresses the role of epistemology in relation to the bond formation and cohesion of religious groups. Using the theoretical framework outlined by Stephan Fuchs, the author shows that epistemology can be interpreted in a twofold manner. First, it may be an outcome of social relations (cohesive groups produce more realism internally, less cohesive groups generate more constructivism and relativism). Second, conscious use of epistemology can also be an element that stabilizes or destabilizes groups and thus becomes a tool to influence group cohesion. A reflective approach to the social role of epistemology may prove to be an interesting path for sociology of religion in its inquiry into various religious phenomena, such as the rise of religious radicalism or secularization.
Źródło:
Przegląd Religioznawczy; 2022, 2/284; 89-97
1230-4379
Pojawia się w:
Przegląd Religioznawczy
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Badania nad dziejami filozofii a historyzm
Inquiries on the History of Philosophy versus Historicism
Autorzy:
Czerkawski, Jan
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2015649.pdf
Data publikacji:
2004
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II. Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL
Tematy:
historia filozofii
historyzm
relatywizm historyczny
relatywizm kulturowy
history of philosophy
historicism
historical relativism
cultural relativism
Opis:
Is the history of philosophy one of philosophical disciplines? Should not one give up pursuing the traditional history of philosophy on behalf of the history of philosophical culture as a historical discipline? Considerable divergences in defining the history of philosophy and its relation to philosophy and history show profound differences in the views on philosophy itself. The differences are an essential part of the history of philosophy. This paper does not intend to give a critical assessment of all positions that concern the relationship between the history of philosophy and philosophy. We shall address the issue of consequences of historicism that bear on the history of philosophy. The main negative point of reference will R. Rorty's standpoint, which is representative of the radical version of historicism. The American neo-pragmatist's manners of pursuing philosophy and the relations between them will be submitted to criticism. In the perspective of radical historicism (historical and cultural relativism) the inquiries on the history of philosophy have no strictly philosophical importance. They may be cognitively interesting only from the historical point of view, for the history of culture, to be precise. Moderate historicism does not mean acceptance for the relativistic theory of truth. It makes us reconsider the issue of the difference between true knowledge and adequate knowledge, the difference well-known in tradition. Overcoming radical historicism prepares grounds for the pursuit of the history of philosophy as a philosophical discipline, the discipline that studies the history of philosophical problems in their variability and permanence.
Źródło:
Roczniki Filozoficzne; 2004, 52, 2; 97-109
0035-7685
Pojawia się w:
Roczniki Filozoficzne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Defiance, Persuasion or Conformity? The Argument in Plato’s Apology and Crito
Autorzy:
Domaradzki, Mikołaj
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/633661.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
Socrates
Plato
persuasion
relativism
civil disobedience
Opis:
The present paper attempts to throw some light on the conundrum of Socrates’ political views in the Apology and Crito. The problem resides in that the Socrates of the Apology evidently undermines the authority of Athenian democracy, whereas the Socrates of the Crito argues that his escape from prison would be tantamount to disrespecting the state, which would in turn threaten the prosperity of the entire πόλις. The article suggests that in the two dialogues, the young Plato examines the possibility of steering a middle course between embracing relativism, on the one hand, and encouraging civil disobedience, on the other. Thus, the philosopher focuses primarily on investigating the two options, without either totally subordinating the citizen to the state, or unreflexively accepting any crude pragmatism.
Źródło:
Peitho. Examina Antiqua; 2011, 2, 1; 111-122
2082-7539
Pojawia się w:
Peitho. Examina Antiqua
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Social conflicts in postmodern society. The case of Polish tensions in the 21st century
Autorzy:
Adamus-Matuszyńska, Anna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/514785.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Śląski. Wydział Nauk Społecznych
Tematy:
conflict
postmodern society
postmodernity
cultural relativism
Opis:
A conflict is a natural element of social life. Such a thesis has been developed for many years by numerous thinkers. Nevertheless, there have been several social phenomena that oblige us to analyse social conflicts in more depth in the twenty-first century. The article tries to explore new – what means different than in the past - types of conflicts, which however having old roots, at present seem to have different impact on individuals’ and global security. The main research questions the article tries to answer are connected with the relation between various conflicts and characteristics of postmodern society. To understand what kinds of conflicts are signs of postmodern society, Polish conflicts have been considered as cases taking into consideration the results of the Polish opinion polls on issues directly connected with the main characteristics of postmodern society.
Źródło:
Political Preferences; 2016, 13; 5-20
2449-9064
Pojawia się w:
Political Preferences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Language of Crisis and the Problem of Historical Meaning. Nietzsche, Heidegger, Kolakowski
Autorzy:
Popa, Gabriel
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/628769.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Fundacja Pro Scientia Publica
Tematy:
crisis, history, relativism, Kolakowski, Nietzsche, Heidegger
Opis:
The main task of our paper is to emphasize the relationship between the dominant historical paradigm which emerges at the end of the 19th Century and the contemporary embrace of  crisis language. We will see that the dawn of the historical school and of historicism in general brings forth the dissolution of the last remains of the Absolute figures, thus leaving us in front of desolation and emptiness. Post-modern skepticism and relativism became the dominant features that shape our intellectual and moral landscape, trapping us within a seemingly inescapable situation of crisis which finds its own language and expressions. Our journey will trace back to the origins and main motivations of what has been described as a constancy of the post-modern condition as it is described by Kolakowski in one of his essays from 1989, finding along our way writers like Heidegger and Nietzsche which we think  are our best witnesses of the main variations of the relation between the meaning of history and the crisis-consciousness.
Źródło:
Journal of Education Culture and Society; 2015, 6, 2; 110-121
2081-1640
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Education Culture and Society
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Racjonalna relatywizacja w stosowaniu reguł typograficznych
Rational relativism in applying the rules of typography
Autorzy:
Bierkowski, T.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/128565.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Centralny Ośrodek Badawczo-Rozwojowy Przemysłu Poligraficznego
Tematy:
typografia
relatywiazacja racjonalna
typography
rational relativism
Opis:
According to the author, the knowledge about the rules of typography is not enough to become a specialist in the field of typography. It is important to know the problems associated with the text perception processes (readability and legibility). A determinant of designer’s action shall be the functionality of created message, and design decisions (including those related to the ultimate editorial form) must serve the transparency of communication. The author also points out differences among typography authorities on the rules and principles used, discusses some of them and justifies why they are not an automatic success guarantee in the communication process. A conclusion is that only an analysis of the text content, its structure, purpose and context, and also the reader (a recipient of the message) shall indicate which rules could apply. Thus Bierkowski notes to consider all aspects of the proposed message.
Źródło:
Acta Poligraphica; 2013, 1; 51-58
2299-9981
Pojawia się w:
Acta Poligraphica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Autentyzm a uczciwość. Zgodność czy rozbieżność?
Conformity and Honesty. Consistence or Divergence?
Autorzy:
Gryżenia, Kazimierz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/964226.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010-05-15
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
conformity
honesty
moral principles
objectivism
relativism
Opis:
Our contemporary life is said to be in conformity with what we do. People tend to be honest and trustworthy unlike those in the past - in the Victorian times, for example, when there were elements of hypocrisy and conventional behaviour among citizens. Many people nowadays live their lives according to their own subjective beliefs; and they speak openly about their both good and bad deeds – even if some of them were kept secret to the public. And the public is equally open to tolerate or even accept them. An analysis of many cases in which people follow their own moral beliefs shows that this category of people are not always honest – only then, when their system of moral values is in accord with the objective system of moral values. Individual moral beliefs can be a result of false or relative moral theories, or even constructed to fit one’s moral attitude. Behaviour in which one respects the established principles, though may seem genuine, does not need to be considered honest. Following this kind of thinking, a man does not have any motivation or need to control himself – human-beings can dispense with self-development. The Victorian hypocrite had at least a due respect for moral values and knew that he had done wrong. His honesty followed what was good in his life but his deeds were all in all doomed to failure. Failure on the way of applying the right moral principles in life is not dishonesty. Every attempt to follow them inspires humans to undertake some spiritual efforts and gives opportunity to one’s own personal development.
Źródło:
Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym; 2010, 13, 1
1899-2226
2353-4869
Pojawia się w:
Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
W stronę relatywizmu etycznego Ludwiga Wittgensteina
Autorzy:
Szczęch, Szymon
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/426519.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Papieski Jana Pawła II w Krakowie
Tematy:
Ludwig Wittgenstein
Rush Rhees
ethical relativism
ethics
Opis:
The article is a commentary on Rush Rhees’s paper Some developments in Wittgenstein’s view of ethics which appeared in “The Philosophical Review” in 1965. Rhees’s article falls into two parts. The first one features mainly the author’s comments on Wittgenstein’s Lecture on ethics, whereas in the second one Rhees relates a discussion on ethics which he had with Wittgenstein in the late period of the latter’s life. It is the second part that I focus on in my article and I consider points where Wittgenstein’s view of ethics has changed. Two most significant traits of his new approach are: the shift from analysing Ethics in itself to analysing various systems of ethics, and relativism. I discuss possible causes and consequences of this standpoint and its relation to Wittgenstein’s earlier thoughts about ethics.
Źródło:
Logos i Ethos; 2014, 1(36); 223-234
0867-8308
Pojawia się w:
Logos i Ethos
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Kultura europejska w stanie kryzysu: diagnoza Josepha Ratzingera
European Culture in a State of Crisis: Joseph Ratzinger’s Diagnosis
Autorzy:
Rojek, Krystyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/507564.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017-09-30
Wydawca:
International Étienne Gilson Society
Tematy:
scientific rationalism
Enlightenment
freedom
progress
relativism
personalism
Opis:
European culture, according to Joseph Ratzinger, is seriously undermined by a modernist (rationalistic) and postmodernist (irrationalistic) way of thinking which deeply penetrates it. Europe undergoes a state of crisis which can be compared to the last, declining phase of the Roman Empire’s existence. Ratzinger does not lose hope, however, and points out a way out, and that is a return to the roots of the European culture, to the realistic philosophy that pursues the truth about God and the human person. This requires an “extension of the reason” which would recognize that, as reasonably constructed, it must have its rational cause—God.
Źródło:
Studia Gilsoniana; 2017, 6, 3; 485-501
2300-0066
Pojawia się w:
Studia Gilsoniana
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
On Gadamerian Hermeneutics: Fusions of Horizons, Dialogue, and Evolution(s) within Culture as Dynamic System of Meaning
Autorzy:
Larrauri Pertierra, Iñaki Xavier
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/985699.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-03-31
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydział Filozofii
Tematy:
gadamer
hermeneutics
culture
interpretation
meaning
horizon
relativism
Opis:
Culture as a dynamic system of meaningful relations can naturally accommodate a hermeneutic analysis. In this essay, the notion of Gadamer’s hermeneutics as involving interpretable meaning throughout experiential reality permits a natural concordance with an understanding of culture as meaningful. The Gadamerian idea that prejudices inform the horizons that make our experiences intelligible is applied to the view that culture is both a self-enclosed structure that is given by one’s horizon and one that continuously points past this horizon in genuine dialogue. Nevertheless, in seeing culture as a coherent system that transcends itself, we are consequently faced with a dilemma regarding the evolution of one’s cultural horizons: whether past horizons can survive the creation of novel ones through dialogue. However, this may be resolved through Gadamer’s understanding of the functions of sameness and difference within horizonal evolution, and how these functions feature in the distinction between a shared ontological ground and the horizons through which the ground is interpreted. Ultimately, we showcase how it is noncontradictory to suppose that culture is both self- and other-referential.
Źródło:
Eidos. A Journal for Philosophy of Culture; 2020, 4, 4; 45-62
2544-302X
Pojawia się w:
Eidos. A Journal for Philosophy of Culture
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Rhetoric: a Theory of Political Lie or the Essence of Politics? Reflections on the Thought of the Sophists, Hannah Arendt, and Jacques Derrida
Autorzy:
Mielczarski, Cyprian
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/450153.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Historii Nauki im. Ludwika i Aleksandra Birkenmajerów
Tematy:
rhetoric
the sophists
relativism
political deception
totalitarianism
Opis:
This paper offers an outline of practical and theoretical relations between truth and rhetoric. A point of departure for considerations to follow are philosophical theories of the sophists, Plato, and Aristotle as well as modern commentators of political rhetoric. I argue that the predominantly rhetorical nature of contemporary culture is inextricably bound up with the controversial issue of political deception, its definition and function. I refer to the theories of Hannah Arendt and Jacques Derrida pertaining to the following issues: a relation between acting and lying, mass deception, and self–deception in totalitarian states. I further propose that classical ethics developing from Plato, Aristotle and Kant fails as a basis for the analysis of political and social processes in democratic societies. Key to grasping these processes is rhetoric – as an art of persuasion – which has nothing to do with the traditional true–false dichotomy.
Źródło:
Organon; 2018, 50; 147-163
0078-6500
Pojawia się w:
Organon
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Czy relatywista może być parezjastą?
Can a relativist be a parrhesiast?
Autorzy:
Moroz, Jacek
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/962511.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet w Białymstoku. Wydział Pedagogiki i Psychologii
Tematy:
relatywizm
realizm epistemologiczny
relativism
parrhesia
epistemological realism.
Opis:
Tytułowe pytanie jest w równym stopniu problematyczne, jak i zasadne, dlatego też moim celem będzie próba ujęcia tego zagadnienia z dwóch teoretycznie odmiennych pozycji – realisty i konstruktywisty epistemologicznego. W końcowej części tekstu spróbuję jednak nakreślić możliwości godzenia postawy parezjasty z akceptacją dla stanowiska relatywistycznego.
The article aspires to provide the reader with the answer to the relevant question whether a relativist can be a parrhesiast. This is a complicated question, because parrhesia implies ethical commitment, which from the relative point of view is difficult to justify. I present two different philosophical perspectives (epistemological realism and radical relativism) as two possible approaches to the main problem.
Źródło:
Parezja. Czasopismo Forum Młodych Pedagogów przy Komitecie Nauk Pedagogicznych PAN; 2014, 1
2353-7914
Pojawia się w:
Parezja. Czasopismo Forum Młodych Pedagogów przy Komitecie Nauk Pedagogicznych PAN
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
O tym, co z relatywizmu nie wynika. Perspektywa współczesnej socjologii wiedzy naukowej
What relativism does not imply. The perspective of Sociology of Scientific Knowledge
Autorzy:
Więcław, Marek
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/41979481.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Jagielloński. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego
Tematy:
relatywizm poznawczy
relatywizm kulturowy
absolutyzm poznawczy
socjologia wiedzy naukowej
epistemic relativism
cultural relativism
absolutism
Sociology of Scientific Knowledge
Opis:
Utrzymujący się w obiegu kulturowym filozoficzny spór relatywizmu z absolutyzmem, szczególnie w kwestii statusu poznawczego nauki, stanowi duże wyzwanie dla systemów edukacyjnych. W artykule przedmiotem namysłu są wybrane zarzuty teoretyczne wobec relatywizmu poznawczego. Jest on bowiem uznawany dość często za stanowisko anty-naukowe oraz anty-realistyczne implikujące arbitralność oraz subiektywność przekonań i standardów poznawczych wraz z tezą o ich „równoważności”. W artykule prezentuję niektóre kontrargumenty wysuwane przez współczesną socjologię wiedzy naukowej wobec wskazanych zarzutów.
The article offers remarks on selected problems of epistemic relativism. The special attention is drawn to some of the stereotypes connected with relativism as it is often perceived as an anti-scientific and anti-realist position implicating cognitive arbitrarness and subjectivity of our judgements and beliefs together with „equal validity thesis”. The cultural circulation of these stereotypes is a great challenge to any eduction system and should be given a proper treatment. The article brings forward some of the arguments against these stereotypes based on SSK (Sociology of Scientific Knowledge).
Źródło:
Filozoficzne Problemy Edukacji; 2019, 2; 67-91
2545-0948
Pojawia się w:
Filozoficzne Problemy Edukacji
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
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