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Tytuł:
Pozawarszawska konspiracja więzienna na terenach okupowanych przez Niemców 1939-1945. (Udział polskiego personelu)
Prison Conspiracy in Nazi-Occupied Poland 1939-1945 (Participation of Polish Staff)
Autorzy:
Bedyński, Krystian
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/698708.pdf
Data publikacji:
1998
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Tematy:
konspiracja więzienna
tereny okupowane
prison conspiracy
Nazi-Occupied Poland 1939-1945
Opis:
In 1939-1945, the Nazi invaders organized over 1300 prisons and jails in the occupied territory of Poland. The institutions were instrumental to the policy of extermination the Polish nation which was among the aims of the invasion. Prisons and jails were places where Polish people were isolated, tortured and slaughtered. Inmates were transported to places of mass execution and to concentration camps; during evacuation in January l945, route columns were sent on ,,death marches”. The prisons where such genocidal practices were particularly intense are still present in Polish historical consciousness as places of torture and martyrdom. A symbol of this kind is the Pawiak prison in Warsaw where the Nazi confined over 100 thousand persons; 37 thousand were put before a firing squad, slaughtered, or tortured to death, and 60 thousand were sent to concentration camps. The Pawiak prison was also the site of the inmates' incessant struggle for freedom, survival, and preservation of dignity. In their struggle, the prisoners were assisted in a variety of ways by many Polish members of the staff compulsorily employed by the Nazi out of necessity especially during the first months of occupation. The assistance was both material and spiritual. The Staff would hand over to inmates articles such as food, drugs, cigarettes etc., and to confined priests - the Host. The Polish prison staff smuggled messages, contacted the prisoners' families, disclosed informers, warned against the Gestapo and helped to escape. Their acts resulted from patriotic, humanitarian and religious values. Attitudes of a considerable proportion of Polish prison staff who sabotaged the rulings of Nazi administration helped to accomplish  intelligence operations started in prisons as early as the autumn of 1939 by underground independance organizations. In December 1939, Warsaw District Headquarters of Siuïba Zwycikstwu Polski [Service to Poland’s Victory, SZP] recruited three prison guard officers who were ordered to organize intelligence divisions in each of the Warsaw prisons. In the Pawiak prison, the structure continued to operate till July 1944; it based on the work of Polish staff duty prisoners, and a group of outside liaisons. Participation of the prison staff in intelligence operations undertaken by independence organizations broadened the notion of prison conspiracy, adding to it a variety of actions directly related to struggle against the invaders. Symbols similar to the Pawiak prison were also other institutions in Nazi-occupied Poland and in Polish territories included in the Reich. On the local scale, the prisons were symbols of particular torment of their inmates and of underground involvement of the Polish staff. The actual possibility of forming a prison conspiracy in Nazi-occupied territories depended on many factors. This was related to differences in the functioning of prisons systems in different regions. Individual administrative districts in territories included into the Reich differed in this respect from the occupied regions and from the eastern borderland of Poland, Nazi-occupied since 1941. The basic factor that determined the nature and intensity of underground activities was the size of Polish staff and their individual motivation resulting from the system of values professed. In territories included into the Reich, the prison system subordinated to Ministry of Justice controlled 142 formerly Polish prison institutions. Their arrangement in individul administrative districts was as follows: Warta Land - 49, Gdansk and West Prussia - 28, Silesia - 12, East Prussia - 6, and Białystok - 4. Among those taken over by Nazi invaders, the largest in respect of inmate population were the prisons in Sieradz (capacity of 1,146), Rawicz (1,075), Wronki (1,016), Koronowo (562), Poznań (464), and Łódź(420). Some of the prisons were taken over together with their inmates and Polish prison staff who were ordered to work on. This corresponded with the order that all inhabitants of invaded territories return to work on pain of severe sanctions, the death penalty included. The order applied also to prison staff who stayed on in their original place of residence or returned from evacuation or POW camps. Among those returning to work were guards who on the day of evacuation had been given secret orders to stay on and to take a job under occupation (Cracow, Wronki). In some localities, during the first weeks of occupation, there was a shortage of candidates for prison guards among both the Polish population and the local German community. The invaders thus had to hire German-speaking Poles with some knowledge of prisons, as e.g. court ushers. In November 1939, the process started of Polish staff being removed from prisons, in Warta Land in particular, and replaced with German guards brought in from the Reich, local Germans, and Poles who had signed the German nationality list. In 1943, the front situation becoming worse, some of the German prison staff were mobilized. Vacancies were filled with forcefully employed former Polish guards. Thus according to the changing staff conditions, also the possibilities of clandestine assistance to inmates changed. The possibility of intelligence operations in prisons in territories included into the Reich depended also on the functioning of independence organizations. The extent of repressions suffered by Polish people in those territories made it impossible to develop regular underground activities in prisons. In some prisons in the Gdansk and West Prussia district where Polish staff were left on the job (Grudziądz, Koronowo, Starogard Gdański), the guards immediately started helping prisoners: they contacted the families and smuggled packages, letters and messages. Most important was assistance in organizing escapes, saving persons from transports to concentration camps, putting them in the infirmary, or finding them a job in the prison. The Koronowo prison had special conditions for development of underground activity: throughout the period of occupation, its Staff included 44 Poles, 39 of them among the guards. Most guards became involved in various forms of assistance to prisoners; they cooperated with an inmate self-defense group and with an underground group of Koronowo women who rendered material assistance to inmates and helped their families coming on permitted visits. They also helped to find shelter for escaped prisoners. The only Polish woman guard in the Fordon women’s prison was only employed in 1943. From the very start, she rendered material and moral assistance to political prisoners, and organized a local group who gathered food and drugs for the inmates. Most limited were the possibilities of assisting prisoners in the institutions of Warta Land. The conditions were favorable during the first months after the invasion only when the invaders were forced to employ Polish prison staff and the system of internal and external supervision and surveillance had not yet been introduced to the full. In this situation, Polish guards mainly assisted inmates materially and  morally and served as liaisons between them and their families. For example, a guard in the Leszno prison smuggled farewell letters of hostages wainting for execution; another one in the Rawicz prison orsanized a contact station for prisoners’ families in his own apartment; and a guard in the Kościan prison help priests to say masses in secret. Later on when few Polish guards were still in service, they could only assist inmates on a limited scale and with extreme caution. But even in this situaion, they were still willing to help. During the first months after the invasion, a Polish clerk in the Kościan prison not only assisted the inmates but also documented Nazi crimes: among other things, he kept lists of the executed. In prisons of the Warta Land district involvement of Polish prison staff in underground intelligence was practically non-existent. This was due to a rapid replacement of Polish guards and to organizational difficulties encountered by the underground in that district. Favorable conditions could be found in the Wieluń prison which had a large group of pre-war Polish Staff throughout the period of Nazi occupation. Moreover, one of prison staff leaders, reserve oficer of the Polish Army, was sworn as agent of Sieradz and Wieluń Inspectorate of the underground Armed-Struggle Union - Home Army (ZWZ AK). In prisons taken over by the invaders in Silesia district, the Nazi administration created a climate of mistrust, suspicion and intimidation with respect to Polish staff temporarily left on the job. This limited and in some cases precluded the guards’ secret contacts with inmates and their families. A special role in prison conspiracy in Silesia was played by Emil Lipowczan, forcefully recruited to the police and delegated to work as guard in Gestapo remand prison in Mysłowice. Acting for patriotic, humanitarian and religious reasons, he rendered comprehensive material and spiritual assistance to prisoners. He reached their families and warned persons threatened with arrest. He was assisted in this work by his entire family. Starting from 1943, he worked for Home Army intelligence. Once the Nazi-Soviet war broke out in June 1943, the eastern territories of Poland - previously occupied by USSR – were taken over by Nazi administration. Extremely few Polish prison guards could actually be used by the new invaders as the staff had been pacified by NKVD in 1939-1941. For this reason, prisons of Białystok district were staffed with various persons; some of them were subsequently recruited by ZWZ AK intelligence. Many a time, ZWZ AK would also appoint its members to take a job in prisons and Gestapo remand prisons and to carry out information and intelligence tasks there while at the same time assisting detained AK soldiers. Such guards only rendered material and moral assistance to other prisoners with utmost caution as a side-activity which they pursued for humanitarian reasons. In Nazi-occupied Poland (Generalgouvernement), the conditions were entirely different and more favorable for prison conspiracy. Nearly all prisons, also those subordinated to security police (except the Montelupi prison in Cracow), had Polish staff throughout the occupation. Besides, operating in ihe neighborhood of individual institutions were numerous legal, semi-legal and illegal organizations assisting prisoners and their families. Through persons who stayed in touch with the inmates, SZP-ZWZ AK would penetrate prisons on regular basis. The prison staff (pre-war guards forcefully reassigned to the job) not only assisted the inmates but also became involved in intelligence work. Tasks of this kind were performed mainly by guards purposely sent to the prison by an independence organization. Prison conspiracy has a variety of organizational forms. In Tarnyw, there was an highly centralized prison section; Lublin, instead, had several active but independent small groups of guards and duty prisoners. In Cracow, Częstochowa (prison in Senacka Street), and in a few other smaller prisons, the structure was atomized and based on independent underground work of individual guards. The extent of assistance rendered to inmates and of intelligence tasks assigned often depended on the committal and personality of the head of AK prison section; this can be said e.g. of the prisons in Jasło, Pinczów and Rzeszów. Significant was also the contribution of intelligence officers who supervised the prisons sections e.g. in Biała Podlaska, Siedlce, Wiśnicz and Zamość. Added to Generalgouvernement in August 1941 was Galicia district. Polish guards were but a small group among the prison staff of that district; they were supervised by Germans, Ukrainians and other nationalities. In such conditions, the scope of assistance to inmates was extremely limited. Yet ZWZ AK intelligence officers would get in touch even with those few Polish guards and gain them over for cooperation. Prison conspiracy in Galicia and in the remaining eastern territories consisted first of all in individual guards’ committal and performance of tasks assigned by his superior intelligence officer. This form could be found in Lvov, Pińsk, and Równe. The Nazi prison administration mistrusted Polish staff who were submitted to everincreasing surveillance by the Germans and other nationalities, and also by few quislings among Polish guards and informers among the inmates. Yet neither persecution nor repression (arrests, executions, confinements to concentration camps) applied to Polish staff could reduce the extent of assistance to political prisoners or check intelligence work in prisons.
Źródło:
Archiwum Kryminologii; 1998, XXIII-XXIV; 167-212
0066-6890
2719-4280
Pojawia się w:
Archiwum Kryminologii
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ekspozycja : Poland at War 1939-1945
Autorzy:
Frąckiewicz, Anna.
Powiązania:
Rodowód II 2005, nr 1/2, s. 55
Data publikacji:
2005
Tematy:
Tyciński, Wojciech
Cardownie, Steve
Straczyński, Marek
Korabiowski, Józef
Konsulat Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej (Edynburg) wystawy
Wystawa "Poland at War 1939-1945" (2005; Edynburg)
Wojna 1939-1945 r. Polska wystawy
Opis:
Dot. zorganizowanej przez Konsulat RP wystawy w Roxy Arts House w Edynburgu.
Dostawca treści:
Bibliografia CBW
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Chrześcijanka i obywatelka świata
The Female Christian and Citizen of the World
Autorzy:
Wrzeszcz, Maria
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1953402.pdf
Data publikacji:
2006
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II. Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL
Tematy:
Frassati-Gawrońska Luciana
II wojna światowa
Pamiętniki włoskie 1939-1945
Polska − pamiętniki 1939-1945
Warszawa 1939-1945
Gawrońscy – rodzina
bł.Piotr Jerzy Frassati
Frassati-Grawońska Luciana
the Second World War
the Italian Memoirs of 1939-1945
Poland – memoirs of 1939-1945
Warsaw 1939-1945
the Gawroński family
bl. Pier Giorgio Frassati
Opis:
The paper is an essay written on the basis of the book Przeznaczenie nie omija Warszawy [Destiny does not Pass by Warsaw]. Its author, Luciana Frassati-Gawrońska, born in 1902, the sister of bl. Pier Giorgio Frassati (1901-25), the wife of the Polish diplomat Jan Gawroński (1892-1983), gave her abilities, courage and dedication to the Polish case during the Second World War. Although nobody commanded it, from September 1939 to December 1942, she visited the occupied Poland seven times. She contacted the representatives of the underground organisations and made many efforts to bring risky actions to a successful end. Among her actions we have to list: the release of a hundred people from the Gestapo, the transport of Gen. Władysław Sikorski's wife and daughter to the West, secret films, messages, notes, and the Warsaw telephone directory. She reported on those visits to Pope Pius XI as a spokeswoman of the Polish Church, and also during her six meetings with Benito Mussolini, as it was in the name of the Polish nation.
Źródło:
Roczniki Humanistyczne; 2006, 54, 2; 99-108
0035-7707
Pojawia się w:
Roczniki Humanistyczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wystawa "Celebrating Poland" pojedzie z Ealingu do Bedford
Autorzy:
Mordas, Bohdan.
Powiązania:
Dziennik Polski (Londyn) 2006, nr 29, s. 7
Data publikacji:
2006
Tematy:
Hope, Michael
Wystawa pt.: Celebrating Poland (13.02.-25.02.2006; Londyn, Wielka Brytania)
Wojna 1939-1945 r. udział Polaków wystawy
II wojna światowa (1939-1945)
Wystawy historyczne
Polacy
Opis:
Także odczyt M. Hope "Origins of Polish Settlement in Great Britain".
Dostawca treści:
Bibliografia CBW
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wystawa "Celebrating Poland" w Bedford
Autorzy:
Mordas, Bohdan.
Powiązania:
Dziennik Polski (Londyn) 2006, nr 56, s. 7
Data publikacji:
2006
Tematy:
Hope, Michael
Wystawa pt.: Celebrating Poland (13.02.-25.02.2006; Londyn, Wielka Brytania)
Wojna 1939-1945 r. udział Polaków wystawy
II wojna światowa (1939-1945)
Wystawy historyczne
Polacy
Opis:
Także o odczycie M. Hope "Origins of Polish Settlement in Great Britain".
Fot.
Dostawca treści:
Bibliografia CBW
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Die Germanistik in Wrocław von ihren Anfängen bis zum Tod von Marian Szyrocki (1945-1992)
Autorzy:
Stroka, Anna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1032781.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009-12-30
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
badania germanistyczne we Wrocławiu
reforma uniwersytetu z 1952 roku
zamknięcie germanistyki
katedry germanistyki w Poznaniu i Wrocławiu
współpraca między niemieckimi i polskimi instytutami germanistyki
German studies in Wroclaw since 1945
1952 reform of higher education
German Studies departments under communism
German Studies in Poznan and Wroclaw
cooperation between German Studies centers in Poland and Germany
germanistische Forschungen in Wrocław
Hochschulreform von 1952
Schließung von Germanistik
Germanistik-Lehrstühle in Posen und Breslau
Zusammenarbeit zwischen deutschen und polnischen Germanistik-Instituten
Opis:
Der Beitrag vermittelt einen Überblick über die Geschichte germanistischer Forschungen in Wrocław seit dem Jahre 1945. Die Germanistik hatte in der unmittelbaren Nachkriegszeit nicht nur schwierige materielle und personelle Probleme zu bewältigen, sie war auch mit einem wachsenden ideologischen Druck konfrontiert, der im Jahre 1952 in der sozialistischen Hochschulreform gipfelte, in deren Folge die gerade 1945 gegründeten Germanistik-Lehrstühle in Warszawa, Kraków, Łódź, Toruń und Lublin wieder geschlossen wurden. Die Tatsache, dass mit Poznań und Wrocław zwei germanistische Lehrstühle erhalten blieben, bedeutete keinesfalls Wohlwollen von Seiten des polnischen Staates, was auch darin zum Ausdruck kam, dass der erste Ordinarius der polnischen Germanistik in Wrocław erst im Jahre 1962 berufen wurde. Dargestellt werden mit Jan Piprek, Zdzisław Żygulski, Marian Szyrocki, Mieczysław Urbanowicz, Norbert Morciniec, Gerard Koziełek, Konrad Gajek, Norbert Honsza u. a. Forscherpersönlichkeiten, die die Institutsentwicklung maßgeblich mitgeprägt haben. Gezeigt werden die Anfänge der seit Ende der 50er Jahre möglichen institutionellen Zusammenarbeit zwischen deutschen und polnischen Germanisten sowie die Hauptforschungsinteressen der Germanistik in Wrocław, wie sie aus den Publikationen der letzten sechzig Jahre ablesbar sind.
Artykuł przedstawia historię badań naukowych germanistyki wrocławskiej (od roku 1945). Bezpośrednio po II Wojnie Światowej germanistyka polska zmagała się nie tylko z problemami materialnymi i personalnymi, została poddana również rosnącemu naciskowi ideologicznemu, którego apogeum stanowiła socjalistyczna reforma szkolnictwa wyższego. Na skutek tej reformy zamknięte zostały nowoutworzone w roku 1945 katedry germanistyki w Warszawie, Krakowie, Toruniu i Lublinie. Fakt Zachowania katedry w Poznaniu i Wrocławiu nie oznaczał w żadnym wypadku przychylności ze strony państwa polskiego, co potwierdza powołanie pierwszego kierownika katedry we Wrocławiu dopiero w roku 1962. Jan Piprek, Zdzisław Żygulski, Marian Szyrocki, Mieczysław Urbanowicz, Norbert Morciniec, Gerard Koziełek, Konrad Gajek, Norbert Honsza i inni to badacze, którzy w sposób znaczący przyczynili się do rozwoju wrocławskiej germanistyki. Artykuł omawia również początki nawiązanej pod koniec lat 50-tych współpracy pomiędzy niemieckimi i polskimi germanistami oraz główne zainteresowania badawcze germanistyki wrocławskiej zauważalne w publikacjach ostatnich sześćdziesięciu lat.
The article presents the history of scholarly studies of Wrocław German Language Faculty (since 1945). Right after World War II, the Polish German language studies struggled not only with material and staff problems; the faculty was confronted with a growing ideological pressure whose climax constituted the socialist reform of the institutions of higher learning. As a result of this reform, the newly created, in 1945, German Language Departments in Warsaw, Cracow, Toruń and Lublin were closed. The fact that the departments in Poznań and Wrocław were preserved, did not mean, in any sense, that the Polish state looked favourably to them, which is confirmed by the appointment of the first director of the department in Wrocław as late as in 1962. Jan Piprek, Zdzisław Żygulski, Marian Szyrocki, Mieczysław Urbanowicz, Norbert Morciniec, Gerard Koziełek, Konrad Gajek, Norbert Honsza and others are the scholars who in a significant way contributed to the development of Wrocław German Language Faculty. The article also discusses the beginnings of co-operation started in the late 1950s between German and Polish Germanists and also the main scholarly interests of Wrocław German Language Faculty discernible in the publications of the last sixty years.
Źródło:
Convivium. Germanistisches Jahrbuch Polen; 2009; 87-101
2196-8403
Pojawia się w:
Convivium. Germanistisches Jahrbuch Polen
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Problem bezpieczeństwa polski północnej po II wojnie światowej
Problem of security in northern Poland following World War II
Autorzy:
Łach, W. B.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/347677.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Akademia Wojsk Lądowych imienia generała Tadeusza Kościuszki
Tematy:
bezpieczeństwo
Polska Północna od 1945 r.
wojsko
fortyfikacje
obszar operacyjny
security
Northern Poland from 1945
armed forces
fortifications
operational area
Opis:
Uwaga w niniejszym artykule skupiona została przede wszystkim na analizie znaczenia północnego obszaru Polski w systemie bezpieczeństwa kraju po zakończeniu II wojny światowej. Wyodrębnienie tego obszaru z całego systemu obronnego państwa wynikało z jego specyfiki, będące efektem włączenia części byłych Prus Wschodnich do Polski i sąsiedztwa ze Związkiem Radzieckim. W ujęciu polskiej administracji państwowej obszar ten obejmował ówczesne województwo olsztyńskie oraz część województwa gdańskiego na wschód od Wisły i województwa białostockiego, posiadającego granicę z Obwodem Kaliningradzkim. W podziale wojskowym kraju był to obszar administracyjnie podległy Warszawskiemu Okręgowi Wojskowemu i Pomorskiemu Okręgowi Wojskowemu. Cezura czasowa określona została uwarunkowaniami wynikającymi z ustalenia i ostatecznego wytyczenia granicy północnej w 1957 r., kiedy Polska i Związek Radziecki podpisały układ o ustaleniu istniejącej polsko – radzieckiej granicy państwowej, przylegającej do Morza Bałtyckiego (5 marca 1957 r.). W artykule m.in. określono warunki polityczno-wojskowe, w jakich doszło do ukształtowania granicy północnej Polski, przeprowadzono ich ocenę operacyjną oraz określono miejsce obszaru północnego Polski w systemie bezpieczeństwa kraju. Na ten temat brakuje literatury przedmiotu. Najwięcej materiałów źródłowych znajduje się w Centralnym Archiwum Wojskowym i Archiwum Straży Granicznej w Kętrzynie. Polska Północna zawsze stanowiła ważny obszar operacyjny, natomiast jego słabość obronna, przy ówczesnym istniejącym układzie politycznym, była spotęgowana sąsiedztwem Związku Radzieckiego. Problem obrony granicy północnej był trudnym dylematem o powiększającym się, z upływem lat, stopniu trudności. Złożyło się na to wiele czynników, które uzewnętrzniły się w sposób najbardziej widoczny właśnie na płaszczyźnie problemów obronnych w tym obszarze.
This article focuses predominantly on analysing the role of the northern area of Poland in the security system of Poland following World War II. The separation of the area from the national defence system of the country resulted from the specific nature of incorporating a part of the former Eastern Prussia into Poland and its neighbourhood with the Soviet Union. In view of the Polish national administration, the area included the Olsztyn Voivodeship and part of the Gdansk Voivodeship east of the Vistula and the Bialystok Voivodeship bordering the Kaliningrad District. According to the military division of the country, the area was part of the Warsaw Military District and the Pomeranian Military District. The time frame was determined by the establishment and ultimate designation of the northern border in 1957, when Poland and the Soviet Union signed a treaty regarding the marking of the existing national border between Poland and the Soviet Union adhering to the Baltic Sea (5 March 1957). The article examines the political and military circumstances in which Poland’s northern border was determined, it assesses it operationally and determines the status of the northern area of Poland in the country’s security system. The subject has not been widely examined and literary sources are scarce. Most of the materials can be found in the Central Military Archives and the Border Guard Archives in Kętrzyn. Northern Poland has always been a key operational area, yet its defensive weakness, in the former political arrangement, was greatly affected by the proximity of the Soviet Union. The problem of defending Poland’s northern border was a dilemma that was increasingly growing in difficulty over the years. There were a large number of factors causing it, and it was in the sphere of defence that they manifested themselves most visibly.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Naukowe / Wyższa Szkoła Oficerska Wojsk Lądowych im. gen. T. Kościuszki; 2011, 3; 258-274
1731-8157
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Naukowe / Wyższa Szkoła Oficerska Wojsk Lądowych im. gen. T. Kościuszki
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Strategie bezpieczeństwa Polski w drugiej połowie XX wieku
Polish security strategies in the latter half of the twentieth century
Autorzy:
Kajetanowicz, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/347826.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Akademia Wojsk Lądowych imienia generała Tadeusza Kościuszki
Tematy:
strategia
bezpieczeństwo narodowe
historia Polski 1945-2000
strategy
national security
Poland 1945-2000
Opis:
W referacie zaprezentowano główne założenia strategii bezpieczeństwa militarnego Polski po zakończeniu II wojny światowej. Wyszczególniono trzy okresy: I - lata 1945-1955, II - lata 1955-1991 i III - lata 1991-1999. Pierwszy okres obejmuje omówienie procesu kształtowania własnych koncepcji bezpieczeństwa w pierwszych latach powojennych. W drugim okresie ukazano warunkowania uczestnictwa Polski w systemie bezpieczeństwa zbiorowego, jakim był Układ Warszawski. Ostatni okres, obejmujący lata dziewięćdziesiąte XX w., to przedstawienie założeń strategii bezpieczeństwa Polski w warunkach wymuszonej samodzielności obronnej.
The article presents the main concepts of the Polish military security strategy after WW2. Three main periods have been identified: the first one in the years of 1945-1955, the second one in the years of 1955-1991 and the third one in the years of 1991-1999. The first period includes the development of domestic security concepts during the post-war period. In the second period the participation of Poland in the Warsaw Pact as a collective security system has been elaborated. The last one, the end of the 20th century, describes the concepts of the Polish national security under the conditions of forced military self-reliance.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Naukowe / Wyższa Szkoła Oficerska Wojsk Lądowych im. gen. T. Kościuszki; 2011, 3; 238-248
1731-8157
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Naukowe / Wyższa Szkoła Oficerska Wojsk Lądowych im. gen. T. Kościuszki
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Z Krakowa do Kirowa. O pomniku Iwana Koniewa w latach 1987–1991.
Autorzy:
Czarnecka, Dominika
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/436779.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Pedagogiczny im. Komisji Edukacji Narodowej w Krakowie
Tematy:
History of Poland between 1945–1989
1990–2012
the history of Kracow
Kracow monuments
marshal Iwan Koniew
Opis:
The article aims at showing the history of building and disassembling the monument of Ivan Konev – the Prime Minister of the Soviet Union – in Krakow. The monument was oneof the important symbols of the Communist system and the domination of the Soviet Union in Poland. Despite the objections of a considerable part of the society, the monument waserected by the representatives of the falling regime as a kind of political manifestation. After 1989, the monument became one of the symbols of subjugation and hypocrisy of the Polishnation that were most quickly demolished by the democratic government. The statue of I. Konev was transported to Kirov, the remaining parts of the monument were disposed ofseparately. Although the monument stood in Krakow for only four years, it imprinted in the awareness of the citizens. Its history is particularly interesting in comparison with the then socio-political events and is tightly connected with them. 
Źródło:
Res Gestae. Czasopismo Historyczne; 2012, 12; 204-226
2450-4475
Pojawia się w:
Res Gestae. Czasopismo Historyczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
„Tygodnik Powszechny” (1945–1953). W kręgu zagadnień prozy literackiej
Tygodnik Powszechny (1945–1953) and criticism of fiction
Autorzy:
Kristanova, Evelina
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/421655.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
Prasa polska po II wojnie światowej
prasa katolicka w Polsce
literatura na łamach „Tygodnika Powszechnego” (1945–1953)
powieść katolicka
Polish press after World War II
Catholic press in Poland
Tygodnik Powszechny (1945–1953)
criticism of post-war fi ction
the Catholic novel
Opis:
Autorka przedstawiła opracowanie dotyczące zagadnień literackich na łamach „Tygodnika Powszechnego” w latach 1945–1953. Krakowski tygodnik społeczno-kulturalny założony jeszcze w czasie trwania działań wojennych, przeznaczony dla inteligencji, skupił wokół siebie jedno z najważniejszych środowisk katolickich. Na jego łamach obszernie omawiano m.in. kwestie oblicza powojennej literatury, sprawy katolickiej powieści, recenzowano dzieła prozaików polskich i zagranicznych.
This article examines the approaches to fi ction in the pages of the Catholic weekly Tygodnik Powszechny between 1945 and 1953. Aimed at the Polish intelligentsia, it was concerned with broad social and cultural issues. Founded in Cracow in the last days of World War II, it became one of the most important centres of Catholic life in Poland ruled by the communists. Apart from reviewing the Polish and foreign fi ction, the writers of Tygodnik Powszechny debated at length the character of post-war literature and the problem of the Catholic novel.
Źródło:
Rocznik Historii Prasy Polskiej; 2013, 16, 2(32); 81-99
1509-1074
Pojawia się w:
Rocznik Historii Prasy Polskiej
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Bolesław Weszczak i grupa „Leśni”. Przyczynek do dziejów antykomunistycznego oporu społecznego w Łodzi
Bolesław Weszczak and the “Leśni” (“Woodsmen”) group. A contribution to the history of the anticommunist civic resistance in Łódź
Autorzy:
Szczepański, Tomasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/528189.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Krakowska Akademia im. Andrzeja Frycza Modrzewskiego
Tematy:
anticommunist resistance in Poland after 1945
non-Christian nationalism
neopagan groups
Opis:
The article discusses the life and work of Bolesław Weszczak (1910–1977), a labourer, a prisoner of the German concentration camp in Dachau (1940–1945) and an associate of the nationalistic and neopagan “Zadruga”. It also presents the activities of the conspiratorial group he was leading. The article defends the thesis that the arrest of Weszczak was what started the series of arrests of members of the “Zadruga” in 1949.
Źródło:
Państwo i Społeczeństwo; 2013, 4; 55-65
1643-8299
2451-0858
Pojawia się w:
Państwo i Społeczeństwo
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Prasa ruchu ludowego na emigracji w latach 1945–1989. Próba katalogu
THE PRESS OF THE PEASANT MOVEMENT IN EXILE, 1945–1989. A PRELIMINARY CATALOGUEUE
Autorzy:
Indraszczyk, Arkadiusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/421497.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
press of the peasant movement outside Poland 1945–1989
Polish Peasant Parties in exile
Peasant Party ‘Freedom’
Polish Peasant Party — the National Unity Fraction
Jutro Polski
Wieści
Orka
Zielony Sztandar
Franciszek Wilk
Tadeusz Chciuk-Celt
Wacław Soroka
Stanisław Młodożeniec
Jan Szynalski
Anna Chorążyna
Stanisław Bańczyk
Opis:
This article presents a panorama of the press of the peasant movement in exile, ie. the peasant parties outside Poland, in 1945–1989. The author was able to identify 43 items (titles), but only a few of them were professionally edited periodicals, addressed to a wider audience. Most were makeshift ventures, printed on low quality paper, aimed at an inner circle of the peasant party organization. Until the mid-seventies their interest was focused on issues important to the expatriate community and the struggle against communism worldwide. Later the focus shifted to events in Poland, conditions of life in the country and the rural population, and the activities of the anti-communist opposition.
Źródło:
Rocznik Historii Prasy Polskiej; 2013, 16, 1(31); 155-186
1509-1074
Pojawia się w:
Rocznik Historii Prasy Polskiej
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 71

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