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Tytuł:
When Is Genocide a Crime of Genocide? The Holodomor and the Katyn Massacre as a Crime of Genocide
Autorzy:
Masło, Krzysztof
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/40248949.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II
Tematy:
Katyn Massacre
genocide
Holodomor
Opis:
The Holodomor and Katyn Massacre are founding crimes of the USSR and the Eastern Bloc’s state. Their common feature was an attempt to annihilate nations and prevent them from achieving independence. Quite often, both crimes are called genocide, but their legal qualification from the perspective of the then international law is extremely difficult. However, there are solid grounds for qualifying both of these crimes, and particularly the Katyn Massacre, as genocide. As a result of the development of the law of armed conflicts in international law in the 1930s and 1940s, there was a ban on committing acts that the 1948 Convention defined as genocide.
Źródło:
Review of European and Comparative Law; 2023, Special Issue; 31-54
2545-384X
Pojawia się w:
Review of European and Comparative Law
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Katyn – Golgotha of the East
Autorzy:
Jaroszek, Małgorzata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/22676675.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Wyższe Seminarium Duchowne w Łodzi
Tematy:
Katyn massacre
stalinism
genocide
NKVD
Opis:
Poland has experienced two cruel systems. One of them was fascism, symbolized by the German Nazi concentration camps at Auschwitz-Birkenau. The second one was Stalinism, Katyn will remain its symbol forever. For over 50 years, no other issue in Polish-Soviet relations was as concealed as the Katyn massacre. In this essay, I will talk about the genocide in 1940 on 22,000 Poles (soldiers and civilians), investigations in this matter, and the fight for the truth. Everyone knew that any public statement about this crime could have significant consequences, such as dismissal from work or school expulsion. The Katyn genocide was a war crime that was first concealed and then distorted for the longest time. It can be said that it was a crime against the Polish nation.For many years, the press, radio, and television did not talk about it. On April 13, 2020, Polish people celebrated the Katyn Massacre Remembrance Day. In the spring of the year 1940, during two months in and around Katyn (currently in Russia), executioners from the NKVD, ordered by the Soviet authorities, murdered 21,857 prisoners of war with a shot in the back of the head. NKVD-People’s Commissariat for Internal Affairs was the interior ministry of the Soviet Union. This enormously evil deed of the Bolsheviks is called the Golgotha of the East. Golgotha is a place near Jerusalem where convicts were executed. Christians believe that Jesus Christ was crucified in this place. Similarly, innocent Polish officers were killed at this place of execution. The name of the crime comes from the village of Katyń near Smolensk, where victims were murdered and buried.
Źródło:
Łódzkie Studia Teologiczne; 2022, 31, 1; 141-151
1231-1634
Pojawia się w:
Łódzkie Studia Teologiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Popular Justice or Why Were There No Sans-Culottes in America?
Autorzy:
Dobrowolski, Paweł T.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/953841.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Historii im. Tadeusza Manteuffla PAN w Warszawie
Tematy:
Revolution
Boston
Paris
massacre
Bastille
violence
Opis:
The article applies a comparative perspective to assess the onset of the two ‘successful’ eighteen-century revolutions – the American and the French. The Boston events of March 1770 are compared with those of Paris in July 1789: in both cases ‘the people’ faced the soldiers, riots and politically generated violence led to bloodshed, but the subsequent actions of the insurgents showed a marked difference in understanding the sense of justice and the ways of promoting revolutionary discourse. Boston patriots relied on the English-based system of common law, were ready to condemn their own radicals and did not wish plebeian justice to prevail. They hoped for a perestroika, not for a revolution. The French – finding no culprits to condemn, and having as of yet no legal institutions of their own to use – were willing to disregard the legal continuity of the state and to search for more radical solutions.
Źródło:
Kwartalnik Historyczny; 2017, 124, 1
0023-5903
Pojawia się w:
Kwartalnik Historyczny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Remembrance of the Katyń Massacre and President Lech Kaczyńskis Concept of Polish-Russian Relations [2005-2010]
Autorzy:
Wawrzyński, Patryk
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2023699.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012-12-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
President of Poland
Katyń Massacre
Polish air force
Opis:
Lech Kaczyński’s tragic death was a direct cause of the détente in PolishRussian relations, proclaimed by Prime Minister Donald Tusk and his Russian counterpart Vladimir Putin just after the Polish Air Force Tu-154 Crash. However this rapprochement is far from the political concept of the President. Considering the Polish internal debate on a proper form of Polish-Russian relations, I would like – in this short article to present a way as to how President Kaczyński understood challenges, that both nations have to pick up.
Źródło:
Polish Political Science Yearbook; 2012, 41; 507-525
0208-7375
Pojawia się w:
Polish Political Science Yearbook
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Consequences of the Nagorno–Karabakh War for Azerbaijan and the Undeniable Reality of Khojaly Massacre: A View from Azerbaijan
Autorzy:
Abilov, Shamkhal
Isayev, Ismayil
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/594903.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
the Nagorno–Karabakh War
Khojaly Massacre
Azerbaijan
Armenia
Opis:
This article seeks to study the consequences of the Nagorno–Karabakh war for Azerbaijan: thus analyzes findings on occupied territories, casualties, and damages of the war from economic, political, and social perspectives. The utmost brutality and atrocity of the overall conflict is memorized with Khojaly Massacre committed against Azerbaijani civilians on 26 February 1992. Hence, the article unveils evidences through the scrutiny of secondary data from academic sources, publications, and news materials published by international media. The particular focus of the study is concentrated on to what extend special plan was prepared deliberately for ethnic cleansing in Khojaly during the Nagorno–Karabakh war.
Źródło:
Polish Political Science Yearbook; 2016, 45; 291-303
0208-7375
Pojawia się w:
Polish Political Science Yearbook
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zbrodnia Katyńska i los deportowanych rodzin zamordowanych „duchowych ojców narodu” w świadomości społeczeństwa polskiego
Катинський злочин і доля депортованих родин вбитих «духовних батьків народу» у свідомості польського суспільства
Autorzy:
Kowalska, Ewa
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/489380.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe w Żytomierzu
Tematy:
Katyń Massacre,
deportation,
public awareness,
public opinion polls
Opis:
The words of Professor Barbara Szacka: “We know who we are only because we know what we did yesterday and the day before”, are the motto of this article, These words are meant to encourage reflection on the results of public opinion polls which present the state of the formation of civic attitudes in the Polish society. The article briefly presents the history of concealing the truth about Katyń, which in many ways affected the formation of such attitudes. Instead of providing clear answers, however, further questions arise: Which aspects of the plan to shape the Polish model of “homo sovieticus” succeeded? To what extent were civic attitudes of Polish intelligentsia and future generations of Poles shaped by this model? Are we already a nation or still or only a federation of families? Is Katyń “...only private mourning, or perhaps ... a national disaster”?
Źródło:
Studia Politologica Ucraino-Polona; 2015, 5; 240-247
2312-8933
Pojawia się w:
Studia Politologica Ucraino-Polona
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
„Niechaj martwi ufają żywym”. Wspomnienie adw. Stanisława Mikke – w 10. rocznicę śmierci
"Let the dead trust the living". About Stanisław Mikke on the 10th anniversary of his death
Autorzy:
Redzik, Adam
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/498913.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Fundacja im. Aliny i Leszka Allerhandów
Tematy:
Stanisław Mikke
the Katyn massacre
the Smolensk catastrophe
Opis:
The article is dedicated to Stanisław Mikke, a Warsaw lawyer involved in the commemoration of the Katyn massacre, vice-chairman of the Council for the Protection of Struggle and Martyrdom, who died in the plane crash in Smolensk on 10 April 2010. The background of the article is constituted by lustrations and reflections on another anniversary of the Katyn massacre.
Źródło:
Głos Prawa. Przegląd Prawniczy Allerhanda; 2020, 3, 1(5); 236-244
2657-7984
2657-800X
Pojawia się w:
Głos Prawa. Przegląd Prawniczy Allerhanda
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Przymus powtarzania i trauma historyczna – filmowe obrazy rzezi nankińskiej
Historical Trauma and the Compulsion to Repeat – the Film Images of the Nanking Massacre
Autorzy:
Loska, Krzysztof
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/31341422.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Sztuki PAN
Tematy:
rzeź nankińska
kino chińskie
trauma
Nanking Massacre
Chinese cinema
Opis:
Punktem wyjścia artykułu jest pytanie o możliwość przedstawiania traumatycznych wydarzeń w kinie na przykładzie chińskich filmów opowiadających o rzezi nankińskiej. Loska stara się wykazać, że odtwarzanie wydarzeń historycznych na ekranie odbywa się w tych filmach na dwa odmienne sposoby: jedni twórcy podkreślają nieciągłość i fragmentaryczność narracji, widząc w tym szansę na uchwycenie radykalnej niezrozumiałości traumatycznego doświadczenia; drudzy wybierają strukturę linearną, niosącą pocieszenie, dokonując „sakralizacji” traumy. Analizując filmy Luo Guanquna, Mou Dunfeia, Wu Ziniu, Denga Jianguo, Lu Chuana i Zhanga Yimou autor dochodzi do wniosku, że w produkcjach dokumentalnych i eksperymentalnych występuje zazwyczaj pierwsza forma, natomiast druga przeważa w historycznych filmach fabularnych, które można zaliczyć do kina nowej pamięci ze względu na dążenie reżyserów do narzucenia dominującej narracji, uwikłanie w kontekst polityczny oraz pragnienie ukształtowania tożsamości narodowej.
The starting point of the article is the question of the possibility of presenting traumatic events in cinema on the example of Chinese films about the Nanking Massacre. Loska seeks to show that the recreation of historical events on screen takes place in these films in two different ways: some filmmakers highlight the discontinuity and fragmentary nature of the narrative, seeing in this an opportunity to grasp the radical incomprehensibility of traumatic experience; others choose a linear structure, bringing consolation, by “sacramental” trauma. The analysis of films by Luo Guanqun, Mou Dunfei, Wu Ziniu, Deng Jianguo, Lu Chuan and Zhang Yimou leads the author to conclude that in documentary and experimental films dominates the first form, while the second one - in historical feature films, that can be classified as part of cinema of new memory, because of the directors’ efforts to impose a dominant narrative, entanglement in the political context and the desire to shape the national identity.
Źródło:
Kwartalnik Filmowy; 2017, 97-98; 169-180
0452-9502
2719-2725
Pojawia się w:
Kwartalnik Filmowy
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Katyn Massacre – Basic Facts
Autorzy:
Komaniecka, Monika
Samsonowska, Krystyna
Szpytma, Mateusz
Zechenter, Anna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/668509.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Papieski Jana Pawła II w Krakowie
Tematy:
Katyn massacre
Soviet policy
All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
Opis:
Katyn is a symbol of the criminal policy of the Soviet system against the Polish nation. The present study aims to demonstrate the basic facts of Katyn massacre – the execution of almost 22,000 people: Polish prisoners of war in Katyn, Kharkov, Kalinin (Tver) and also other Polish prisoners (soldiers and civilians), which took place in the spring of 1940 in different places of the Soviet Ukraine and Belarus republics based on the decision of the Soviet authorities, that is the Political Bureau of All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) of March 5, 1940. This article refers not only to the massacre itself, but also its origin, historical processes and the lies accompanying Katyn massacre.
Źródło:
The Person and the Challenges. The Journal of Theology, Education, Canon Law and Social Studies Inspired by Pope John Paul II; 2013, 3, 2
2391-6559
2083-8018
Pojawia się w:
The Person and the Challenges. The Journal of Theology, Education, Canon Law and Social Studies Inspired by Pope John Paul II
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Dowcipy a media. Pierwsza polska seria niesmacznych dowcipów katastroficznych
Jokes and Mass Media. The first Polish Series of Sick Disaster Jokes
Autorzy:
Brzozowska, Dorota
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/953966.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010-12-02
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Opolski
Tematy:
sick disaster jokes
media
politics
Katyń massacre
Polish culture
Opis:
The paper deals with the occurrence of sick disaster jokes in the Polish culture. It presents a characteristics of the Polish jokes about the crash of the air-plane with the Polish President and the First Lady on board as well as numcrous VIPs of the Polish establishment flying in to attend the commemoration event marking the 70th anniyersary of the Katyń massacre of thousands of Poles by Soviet forces during WWI1. The piane crashed near the Smoleńsk military airport on 10 April 2010. Three groups of te\ts about the Kaczyński brothers, their sources and socio-cultural conte\ts are analysed. The jokes cover the period before the disaster, describe its course and are also related to the 2010 presidential elections. The author compares the character of the Scripts appearing in the specified groups of jokes, and pays special attention to a unique in Polish culture character of the jokes related to mass media, their connections with traditions and w ith the systems of values and beliefs. Such jokes undergo a unification under the influence of the globalisation changing Poles’ preferences conceming the ways of talking about disaster victims.
Źródło:
Stylistyka; 2010, 19; 119-134
1230-2287
2545-1669
Pojawia się w:
Stylistyka
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Роль языковых средств при описании польско-российских отношений в текстах, посвященных теме Катыни (на материале „Газеты Выборча” за период 1989–1999 гг.)
The role of linguistic means in the description of Polish-Russian relations in the texts dedicated to the topic of the Katyn massacre (on the materials of “Gazeta Wyborcza” in the period of 1989 to 1999)
Autorzy:
Lukianov, Dmitrii
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2225046.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-12-25
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
linguistic means
metaphor
lexeme
Polish-Russian relations
Katyn massacre
Opis:
In order to form a certain image, media employ various linguistic means, such as metaphors, comparative structures, etc. Based on the material from “Gazeta Wyborcza” concerning the topic of the Katyn massacre, the present study attempts to reconstruct the image of Polish-Russian relations and decide what role the linguistic means used in the articles play in creating the discussed phenomenon. As a result the author concludes that there are two points of view about Russia presented in “Gazeta Wyborcza”. On the one hand, Russia is a criminal country and a debtor that cannot fulfil its obligations. On the other hand, Russia is a state that is open for cooperation and capable of helping. There are also two different points of view about the Polish-Russian relationships. As stated by some experts, Polish-Russian relations in the analyzed period are characterized as negative. According to the other opinions (prior to the 2022 war), these relations are getting better and perhaps will continue to improve.
Źródło:
Studia Rossica Posnaniensia; 2022, 47, 2; 145-154
0081-6884
Pojawia się w:
Studia Rossica Posnaniensia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zbrodnia Wołyńska – historia, pamięć, prawo
Volhynia Massacre – History, Memory, Law
Autorzy:
Gabrel, Dariusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/22858254.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016-12-30
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Absolwentów i Przyjaciół Wydziału Prawa Katolickiego Uniwersytetu Lubelskiego
Tematy:
ludobójstwo
Zbrodnia Wołyńska
odpowiedzialność karna
genocide
Volhynia Massacre
criminal responsibility
Opis:
Zbrodnia Wołyńska stanowiła jedną z najbardziej nieludzkich zbrodni popełnionych w XX w. w okresie II Wojny Światowej, skierowaną wobec ludności cywilnej – wobec Polaków. Czas trwania Zbrodni Wołyńskiej to lata 1943-1945. Sprawcami tej zbrodni byli: Organizacja Nacjonalistów Ukraińskich (OUN) oraz jej zbrojne ramię Ukraińska Armia Powstańcza (UPA). Pojęcie ludobójstwa zostało wprowadzone do polskiego prawa wewnętrznego w art. 118 § 1 kodeksu karnego z 1997 r. Zbrodnia Wołyńska posiada wszystkie cechy ludobójstwa wskazane w Konwencji Organizacji Narodów Zjednoczonych w sprawie zapobiegania i karania zbrodni ludobójstwa z 1948 r.
The Volhynia Massacre was one of the most inhumane crimes committed in the twentieth century, during the Second World War, and directed against civilians – against Poles. The time frame of Volhynia Massacre was 1943-1945. The perpetrators of the massacre were the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists (OUN) and its military wing, called the Ukrainian Insurgent Army (UPA). Article 118 § 1 of the Polish Penal Code of 1997 introduced the notion of genocide into Polish domestic law. The Volhynian massacres have all the traits of genocide listed in the 1948 UN Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide.
Źródło:
Biuletyn Stowarzyszenia Absolwentów i Przyjaciół Wydziału Prawa Katolickiego Uniwersytetu Lubelskiego; 2016, 11, 13 (2); 17-28
2719-3128
2719-7336
Pojawia się w:
Biuletyn Stowarzyszenia Absolwentów i Przyjaciół Wydziału Prawa Katolickiego Uniwersytetu Lubelskiego
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Adam Franciszek Epler (1902–1940): A Forgotten Musician of Interwar Lviv
Autorzy:
Gurgul, Wojciech
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2159098.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Jagielloński. Koło Naukowe Studentów Muzykologii UJ
Tematy:
Adam Epler
Lviv
guitar
mandolin orchestra
Polish Radio
Katyn massacre
victim
Opis:
This article is an introduction to the artistic profile of a Polish conductor, composer and guitarist Adam Franciszek Epler. This forgotten creative persona left the artistic legacy of compositions and arrangements for mandolin orchestra ensemble. Moreover, he was the first Polish guitarist playing Polish lute music, a founder of the first Polish guitar trio named Lwowskie Trio Gitarowe and a musician in the most popular interwar radio broadcast Wesoła Lwowska Fala. As a composer and conductor of the Orchestra of Mandolin Society “Hejnał” from Lviv, he also took part in numerous radio broadcasts of Polish Radio Lviv. His musical activities, similarly to the entire mandolin heritage in Poland and guitar history in interwar Poland, requires further research, and this article is one of the first contributions to these research topics.
Źródło:
Kwartalnik Młodych Muzykologów UJ; 2020, 2(45) ENG; 23-58
2956-4107
2353-7094
Pojawia się w:
Kwartalnik Młodych Muzykologów UJ
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
"Patrzył na wszystko jakby przez wizjer" - fotografia w "Walcu z Baszirem" Ariego Folmana
“He looked at everything as if through an imaginary camera” – Photography in Ari Folman’s Waltz with Bashir
Autorzy:
Powierska, Agnieszka
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/920462.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015-01-13
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
Ari Folman
Waltz with Bashir
photography
trauma
Sabra and Shatila massacre
Opis:
The text is devoted to an unknown short film made in 1957 in the Łódź Film School, Images XVI - rewizja.indd 276 2015-09-07 11:54:38 abstracts 277 Henryk Kluba’s Salvation. The film, showing the scary face of Stalinist terror in Poland, clearly transcends political taboo. Another work whose exploration of this theme goes as far will not be made until some twenty-fi ve years later, Ryszard Bugajski’s well-known Interrogation (1982). It turns out that it was not the first.
Źródło:
Images. The International Journal of European Film, Performing Arts and Audiovisual Communication; 2015, 16, 25; 125-131
1731-450X
Pojawia się w:
Images. The International Journal of European Film, Performing Arts and Audiovisual Communication
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Adam Franciszek Epler (1902–1940) – zapomniany muzyk międzywojennego Lwowa
Adam Franciszek Epler (1902–1940): A Forgotten Musician of Interwar Lviv
Autorzy:
Gurgul, Wojciech
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2154762.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Jagielloński. Koło Naukowe Studentów Muzykologii UJ
Tematy:
Adam Epler
Lviv
guitar
mandolin orchestra
Polish Radio
Katyn massacre
victim
Opis:
This article is an introduction to the artistic profile of a Polish conductor, composer and guitarist Adam Franciszek Epler. This forgotten creative persona left the artistic legacy of compositions and arrangements for mandolin orchestra ensemble. Moreover, he was the first Polish guitarist playing Polish lute music, a founder of the first Polish guitar trio named Lwowskie Trio Gitarowe and a musician in the most popular interwar radio broadcast Wesoła Lwowska Fala. As a composer and conductor of the Orchestra of Mandolin Society “Hejnał” from Lviv, he also took part in numerous radio broadcasts of Polish Radio Lviv. His musical activities, similarly to the entire mandolin heritage in Poland and guitar history in interwar Poland, requires further research, and this article is one of the first contributions to these research topics.
Źródło:
Kwartalnik Młodych Muzykologów UJ; 2020, 2(45); 25-60
2956-4107
2353-7094
Pojawia się w:
Kwartalnik Młodych Muzykologów UJ
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zbrodnia wołyńska 1943 roku i mit buntu ludowego
Autorzy:
Motyka, Grzegorz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/608665.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Historii im. Tadeusza Manteuffla PAN w Warszawie
Tematy:
OUN
UPA
Zbrodnia Wołyńska (The Volhynian Massacre)
genocyd
czystka etniczna (ethnic cleaning)
Opis:
The Volhynian Massacre of 1943 and the Myth of a Peasant RevoltThe discussion about the events, which took place in Volhynia in 1943, includes a hypothesis presenting the anti–Polish outbreaks as an expression of a spontaneous revenge of the local Ukrainian peasants for the discrimination experienced at the time of the Second Republic. The author of the article based himself on unknown documents to demonstrate that in reality the mass–scale massacre of the Poles was organized by the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists–Bandera (OUN–B) Underground and the Ukrainian Insurgent Army (UPA) partisan units it commanded. The peasants participating in the events were mobilised (at least partly by force) to special auxiliary detachments, ordered by the Bandera–led superiors to set fire to Polish settlements and to kill their inhabitants. Both in Volhynia and in Galicia peasants were incorporated into groups attacking localities inhabited by the Poles, despite the fact that partisan forces sufficed to destroy them. The victims were cruelly murdered with axes and other tools so as to produce the impression among the observers that they were dealing with a local Jacquerie while in reality the massacre was a planned ethnic cleansing campaign. The idea to resolve the Polish–Ukrainian territorial controversy with the assistance of an ethnic purge had been devised by the OUN already prior to 1939. Initially, it was assumed that the future Ukrainian state would be devoid of all landowners and colonists who settled down in the conflict–ridden terrains after 1918, but in time the opinion calling for ”ejecting” the entire Polish population became increasingly popular. The population in question was to be murdered at least partly by the incited local peasants. At the beginning of 1943 UPA detachments commenced a battle against the Germans and Soviet partisans while simultaneously initiating the so–called anti–Polish campaign. The organised de–Polonisation operation, inaugurated on 9 February 1943 by attacking the village of Parośle in Volhynia, lasted until 18 May 1945 and claimed the lives of about 100 000 victims.
Źródło:
Dzieje Najnowsze; 2016, 48, 1
0419-8824
Pojawia się w:
Dzieje Najnowsze
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Genocide 1915–1917 a jego współczesna recepcja
Genocide 1915–1917 and its contemporary reception
Autorzy:
Kwiatkiewicz, Piotr
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/901836.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Gdańska Wyższa Szkoła Humanistyczna
Tematy:
Armenian genocide
Holocaust
Ottoman Empire
Kurds massacre
ludobójstwo Ormian
Imperium Osmańskie
masakra Kurdów
Opis:
The carnage made during the First World War on the Christians living in the central and eastern provinces of the Ottoman Empire found its widely reflected in the culture and art of the twentieth century. It became the theme of many works and inspiration for the creators, also outside the circle of civiliza-tion hinted communities affected by the tragedy. A special sensitivity distin-guished themselves in artistic circles in Western Europe and the United States. They formed a significant extent widespread contemporary image of the tragedy that took place a hundred years ago in the area of Western Asia. It contained far-reaching simplification and it was also politically useful, decisive for the durability of the media.
Źródło:
Studia Gdańskie. Wizje i rzeczywistość; 2015, 12; 331-340
1731-8440
Pojawia się w:
Studia Gdańskie. Wizje i rzeczywistość
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Polityczna wizja masakry nankińskiej w zwierciadle Chińskiej Republiki Ludowej — Kwiaty wojny Zhanga Yimou
Political Image of the Nanjing Massacre in the Mirror Of The People’s Republic of China: The Flowers of War by Zhang Yimou
Autorzy:
Nawrotkiewicz, Joanna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1807033.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-01-03
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II. Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL
Tematy:
masakra nankińska
kinematografia chińska
wojna w kinie
Nanking massacre
Chinese cinematography
war movies
Opis:
Celem artykułu jest analiza filmu Kwiaty wojny w reżyserii Zhanga Yimou oraz próba umiejscowienia go w kontekście politycznym — postawiona jest teza, że dzieło to stanowi narzędzie propagandowe Chińskiej Republiki Ludowej. Autorka przybliża wydarzenia masakry nankińskiej i kontrowersje wokół incydentu, uwzględniając relacje chińsko-japońskie, a także śledzi wcześniejszą twórczość reżysera i przeciwstawia ją jego współczesnej postawie, sprzyjającej Komunistycznej Partii Chin. Artykuł rozważa też Kwiaty wojny na tle innych dzieł poruszających temat masakry nankińskiej. W pracy zawarto również opis recepcji filmu w Chinach, Japonii oraz na świecie.
This article analyses the way the Nanjing massacre is pictured in The Flowers of War, a movie directed by Zhang Yimou as well as the way this historical event is used in contemporary Chinese official narrative. It attempts to situate Nanjing massacre in a political context, arguing that the movie is used as a form of a propaganda tool by People’s Republic of China. The author introduces the events of the Nanjing massacre and the controversy surrounding the incident, taking into account the historical and contemporary Sino-Japanese relationship, and also follows the previous character of Zhang’s work and contrasts it with his contemporary, almost supportive attitude towards Communist Party of China. The article describes the movie reception in China, Japan and around the world, and places The Flowers of War against other movies on the subject of the Nanjing massacre.
Źródło:
Roczniki Kulturoznawcze; 2018, 9, 4; 19-39
2082-8578
Pojawia się w:
Roczniki Kulturoznawcze
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Relacje polsko-rosyjskie w retoryce politycznej obchodów rocznic zbrodni katyńskiej po 1989 roku. Perspektywa politolingwistyczna
Polish-Russian Relations in the Political Rhetoric of Events Commemorating the Katyń Massacre after 1989. The Perspective of Political Linguistics
Autorzy:
Czubaj-Kuźmin, Sylwia
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/616641.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
Polish-Russian relations
the Katyn massacre
anniversaries
relacje polsko-rosyjskie
zbrodnia katyńska
rocznice
Opis:
Polish-Russian relations seem to be heavily burdened by historical experience. History in- fluences the present not only indirectly, via historical facts, but also via the ways of commem- orating them. Referring to their memories, social groups strengthen the sense of their own uniqueness and cultural identity. One of the ways to commemorate events are anniversary celebrations accompanied by a certain political rhetoric. The author analyzes the texts, press releases, commentaries and an- niversary speeches given by politicians to commemorate the Katyñ massacre published by the „Gazeta Wyborcza” and „Rzeczpospolita” daily in April 1990, 2000 and 2010. Among the figures of memory identified in the analyzed texts which are typical of the Pol- ish-Russian dialogue concerning the Katyñ issue over the period of 1990–2010, there prevails a certain group of topoi appropriated by the language of politics from Christianity, and pre- cisely from the sacrament of confession. These topoi are based on reconciliation and compen- sation. Other topoi involve those of a victim, righteous Russian or a common field of memory.
Źródło:
Przegląd Politologiczny; 2012, 3; 115-124
1426-8876
Pojawia się w:
Przegląd Politologiczny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
„An der schönen blauen Donau…” Obraz rzezi nowosadzkiej we współczesnej literaturze serbskiej
Autorzy:
Bukwalt, Miłosz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/677515.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Slawistyki PAN
Tematy:
Shoa literature
Novi Sad massacre
purge
persecutor
victim
logistics and mechanics of death
Opis:
An der schönen blauen Donau… Depictions of the Novi Sad massacre in contemporary Serbian literatureThe tragic events in Novi Sad in January 1942 constitute an important subject in the prose of Aleksandar Tišma (Knjiga o Blamu [The Book of Blam]), Erih Koš (Novosadski pokolj [Novi Sad Massacre]), and Danilo Kiš (Psalm 44 and Peščanik [Hourglass]). Jewish-Serbian writers were not left disinterested by the fact of the Shoah of fellow Jews or by the violent deaths of their Slavic neighbours. The above-mentioned, formally very diverse works belong to the corpus of Serbian novels about the Holocaust, which are a testament to the crime and which render individual deaths meaningful. Novels about the Novi Sad massacre reveal the psychological motivation of the instigators and direct perpetrators of the crime, shed light upon the logistics and the mechanics of death, and constitute a record of the victims’ reactions in the situation of a direct threat to their lives, and also the world of mental nightmares tormenting the survivors. Finally, and most importantly, they are an artistic tribute to all the identified and anonymous victims of the Hungarian repressive and exterminatory operation.The above-outlined issues were examined using the notions and research tools of psychopathology, individual psychology, humanistic psychiatry, thanatology, suicidology, victimology, and cultural anthropology. An der schönen blauen Donau… Obraz rzezi nowosadzkiej we współczesnej literaturze serbskiejTragiczne wydarzenia nowosadzkie ze stycznia 1942 roku stanowią ważny temat utworów prozatorskich Aleksandra Tišmy (Księga Blama), Ericha Koša (Rzeź nowosadzka) oraz Danila Kiša (Psalm 44, Klepsydra). Pisarze serbscy narodowości żydowskiej nie pozostali obojętni wobec faktu zagłady swych współplemieńców oraz śmierci ich słowiańskich sąsiadów. Wspomniane utwory współtworzą korpus serbskich powieści o tematyce holocaustowej, które zaświadczają o zbrodni i nadają sens jednostkowej śmierci. Powieści o masakrze nowosadzkiej ujawniają motywację psychologiczną zleceniodawców i bezpośrednich wykonawców zbrodni, ukazują logistykę oraz sposoby zadawania śmierci, stanowią zapis reakcji skazańców w sytuacji bezpośredniego zagrożenia życia oraz świat koszmarów psychicznych osób ocalałych. Ponadto, co niezwykle istotne, są artystycznym hołdem złożonym zidentyfikowanym oraz anonimowym ofiarom węgierskiej akcji represyjno-likwidacyjnej.Do zbadania zasygnalizowanych powyżej zagadnień wykorzystano w niniejszym artykule pojęcia i narzędzia badawcze z zakresu psychopatologii, psychologii indywidualnej, psychiatrii humanistycznej, tanatologii, suicydologii, wiktymologii oraz antropologii kulturowej.
Źródło:
Slavia Meridionalis; 2018, 18
1233-6173
2392-2400
Pojawia się w:
Slavia Meridionalis
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Children of State Police Offi cers and Soldiers of the Polish Army in NKVD Special Camps
Autorzy:
Fałdowska, Maryla
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1374902.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Wyższa Szkoła Policji w Szczytnie
Tematy:
security
humanitarian law
Geneva Convention
Soviet captivity
juvenile prisoners of war
Katyń massacre
Opis:
The article presents issues concerning juvenile prisoners of three special camps in Kozielsk, Starobielsk and Ostashkov. The author draws attention to the lack of definition of the legal status of minors after 1918, and thus — the lack of provisions on ensuring the safety of children in the international standards governing the treatment of prisoners of war in force during World War II and internal legal acts of the Soviet Union. The article emphasizes that the participation of children in armed conflicts was regulated as late as ten years after the outbreak of World War II in international humanitarian law, adopting on 12 August 1949 “The Geneva Convention relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War” (Fourth Geneva Convention), under which children are entitled to special treatment or protection measures. The provisions of conventions protecting children during the war included, among others, regulations concerning the creation of special zones and sanitary facilities, evacuation from the besieged zone, provision of necessary food and clothing, provision of medical and hospital care, education or transfer to a neutral country. The author notes that the Fourth Geneva Convention does not contain a provision on special protection and care for juveniles, and that children during warfare are classified exclusively as civilian population. The circumstances of the Soviet captivity of minors after September 17, 1939, their stay in and leaving the camps, the reasons for selection, after which they were left alive and not included in the “death transports”, described in the article, make it possible to determine the number of rescued and murdered.
Źródło:
Internal Security; 2018, 10(2); 197-213
2080-5268
Pojawia się w:
Internal Security
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Munich massacre Research study of propaganda in communist countries
Autorzy:
Jankowski, Mikołaj Piotr
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/531243.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Fundacja Instytut Nauki o Polityce
Tematy:
terrorism
communism
propaganda
Munich massacre
USSR
Polska
Israel
Olympic Games
Black September
Palestine
newspapers
Opis:
In this analysis the author notices a difference in the perception of the Munich massacre in various countries of the communist bloc, which was justified by the political situation. It was a consequence of the race of the two strongest countries in that period. It inspired the author of the publication to make an in-depth analysis of the Polish and Soviet press of that period.
Źródło:
Polish Journal of Political Science; 2019, 5, 1; 59-78
2391-3991
Pojawia się w:
Polish Journal of Political Science
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Sprawa katyńska w podręcznikach polskich i rosyjskich na przełomie XX i XXI wieku
Autorzy:
Składanowski, Henryk
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/568502.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
Katyn massacre
communism
The Republic of Poland
Russian Federation
катынский расстрел
коммунизм
Республика Польша
Российская Федерация
Opis:
Katyn crime, also known as the Katyn massacre, was one of those historical facts that were kept secret for a very long time. From 1943 when it was revealed to 1990 the soviet Union denied their responsibility for the massacre. Eventually, publishing the original documents on the order of Borys Jecyn and handing tchem down to Poland on 14 October 1992 definitely confirmed the perpetrators of the crime. In the historic consciousness of both Polish and Russian societies there are still many questions and doubts about “the background of the picture” of Katyn crime. Therefore I found it very sensible to analyze the problem of Katyn crime in various history course books in Poland and Russia. After the collapse of the communist political system both countries Poland and Russia introduced new history course books in all types of schools. The new course books not only mention the problem of Katyn crime but also say who was responsible for it. However, the Russians try to neutralize the crime by so called anti-Katyn, emphasizing the death of several thousands of Soviet soldiers imprisoned in Poland in the war of 1920 and after it.
Катынский расстрел, из-за осуществления его по поручению руководства советского государства и введения секретности действий, а также сознательного затирания его совершения в более позднем периоде, был одним из дольше всего скрываемых исторических фактов. С момента его выявления в 1943 году и вплоть до 1990 года руководство СССР отрицало свою ответственность за катынский расстрел. Практически лишь обнаружение оригинальных советских документов по поручению Бориса Ельцина и их передача Польше 14 октября 1992 года подтвердили окончательно ранее установленные факты. В сфере исторического сознания польского и российского общества по-прежнему однако продолжается борьба за определение «фона картины» катынского расстрела. Поэтому имело смысл вновь проанализировать вопрос катынского расстрела, который появлялся в школьных учебниках по истории в Польше и России. Равно в Польше, как и в России после падения коммунизма и введения но- вых учебников, обязательных во всех типах и видах школ, была размещена информация о катынском расстреле, с указанием совершения его советской стороной. Проблема состоит однако в том, что россияне с целью нейтрализировать катынский расстрел ввели в историографию так называемую «анти-катынь», то есть экспонирование смерти нескольких десятков тысяч большевистских военнопленных в польском плену в ходе и после войны 1920 года.
Źródło:
Nowa Polityka Wschodnia; 2016, 2(11); 171-187
2084-3291
Pojawia się w:
Nowa Polityka Wschodnia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A TRÁGICA EXPERIÊNCIA POR TRÁS DOS PROCESSOS DE MIGRAÇÕES FORÇADAS NA COLÔMBIA: A HISTÓRIA DO MASSACRE DE CAÑO JABÓN
The Tragic Experience Behind the Processes of Forced Migration in Colombia: The History of the Caño Jabón Massacre
Autorzy:
SARMIENTO DA SILVA, Erica
DA SILVA FALCÃO, Ana Taisa
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/486369.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018-12-31
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
Tematy:
Colombia
migrações forçadas
conflito armado
violência
massacre
paramilitarismo
memória
forced migration
armed conflict
violence
paramilitarism
memory
Opis:
O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar as migrações forçadas a partir das dinâmicas de organiza-ção e práticas de violência do paramilitarismo na Colômbia exemplificando um estudo de caso: o massacre no povoado de Caño Jabón – Meta (1998) e o testemunho de uma sobrevivente, uma migrante que fugiu da situação de violência. Através de quem vivenciou e sobreviveu a um mas-sacre e de suas memórias, descreveremos o conflito armado colombiano. Em termos teórico-metodológicos, baseamo-nos na corrente da micro-história italiana, realizando um esforço por utilizar os objetos microhistóricos mais além da questão local, como um espaço de demonstração e lugar de experimentação para a reelaboração e reformulação de hipóteses de ordem claramente macrohistórico e global. Para tanto, partimos de um acontecimento particular, de um testemu-nho, para compreender a violência e os massacres que envolvem a história de um país e as mi-grações forçadas decorrentes dessa situação de calamidade. Em diálogo com a narrativa em pri-meira pessoa, encontram-se outras fontes que utilizamos para contar essa história: notícias de jornais sobre o massacre de Caño Jabón e os paramilitares responsáveis pelo crime, sentenças da Fiscalía General de la Nación, sentenças da Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos e os tes-temunhos dos próprios paramilitares frente à justiça colombiana. Entendemos, portanto, que as dinâmicas de acumulação capitalista na Colômbia atuam de maneira particular como produtoras de uma ordem de controle social baseada no uso irrestrito da violência, provocando o desloca-mento de milhares de pessoas.
The objective of this work is to present forced migrations due to the dynamics of paramilitary organization and violent practices in Colombia, exemplifying a case study: the massacre in Ca-ñoJabón - Meta village (1998) and the testimony of a survivor, a migrant who fled the violent situation. We will describe the Colombian armed conflict from the perspective of those who sur-vived the massacre and through their memories. In theoretical-methodological terms, we base ourselves in the current of Italian micro-history, making an effort to use micro-historical objects beyond the local question, as a space of demonstration and place of experimentation for the re-elaboration and reformulation of hypotheses of a clearly macro-historical and global order. To do so, we start with a particular event, a testimony, to understand the violence and the massacres that surround the history of a country and the forced migrations resulting from this situation of calamity. In dialogue with first-person narrative, we find other sources that we use to tell this story: newspaper reports on the Caño Jabón massacre and the paramilitaries responsible for the crime, judgments of the Attorney General's Office, judgments of the Inter- Human Rights and the testimony of the paramilitaries themselves before the Colombian justice system. We under-stand, therefore, that the dynamics of capitalist accumulation in Colombia act in a particular way as producers of an order of social control based on the unrestricted use of violence, causing the displacement of thousands of people.
Źródło:
Revista del CESLA. International Latin American Studies Review; 2018, 22; 403-328
1641-4713
Pojawia się w:
Revista del CESLA. International Latin American Studies Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ściganie sprawców kłamstwa katyńskiego w III Rzeszy
Prosecution of the Perpetrators of the Katyń Massacre Lie in the Third Reich
Autorzy:
Graczyk, Konrad
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/782660.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego
Tematy:
Katyń, crime, criminal speech, criticism of the state, actions against the military,
Katyń Massacre Lie, propaganda
Opis:
This article addresses the criminal liability of German citizens for the so-called Katyń Massacre Lie during the Third Reich. Its source materials are the records of three cases discovered in German archives. Questioning the official (and actual) German propaganda’s version about the massacre of Polish prisoners of war by the Soviets or negating its perpetration by the Soviets while attributing it to the Germans was subject to prosecution as criminal speech against the state. This paper brings to attention the circumstances under which such an act was committed, the statements said by the perpetrators, and a legal qualification which was grounds for indictment and conviction.
Źródło:
Z Dziejów Prawa; 2018, 11, 2; 139-148
1898-6986
2353-9879
Pojawia się w:
Z Dziejów Prawa
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-25 z 58

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