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Tytuł:
Ochrona mniejszości narodowych w Republice Łotewskiej z perspektywy mniejszości polskiej – studium konstytucyjnoprawne
National Minorities Protection in the Republic of Latvia from the Perspective of the Polish Minority - Constitutional and Legal Study
Autorzy:
Szwed, Katarzyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/22446561.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Rzeszowski. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego
Tematy:
Latvia minorities
minorities Polish minority
Latvia
Łotwa
mniejszości
polska mniejszość
Opis:
W niniejszej publikacji dokonano analizy sytuacji prawnej i faktycznej mniejszości polskiej w Republice Łotewskiej. Została ona przeprowadzona w oparciu o metody dogmatyczną i prawnohistoryczną. W jej toku ustalono, iż jej status prawny opiera się na nielicznych przepisach konstytucyjnych, w znacznej mierze bowiem wypływa z ustawodawstwa zwykłego i bilateralnych umów. Regulacje te wpisują się w pełni w zasadę demokratycznego państwa prawa. Mniejszość polska spotyka się przychylnym społecznym nastawieniem wobec swojej identyfikacji narodowej. Proces integracji jest oceniany jako wzorcowy i stanowi przeciwwagę dla wpływów rosyjskich. W publikacji zwrócono uwagę na kwestie związane z językiem, szkolnictwem i mediami – jako nośnikami kultury i wiedzy o państwie ojczystym. Zidentyfikowano następujące problemy z jakimi zmaga się mniejszość polska: trudna sytuacja ekonomiczna, zanik posługiwania się językiem polskim w przestrzeni prywatnej oraz brak wystarczającego wsparcia i zainteresowania losem Polaków na Łotwie ze strony polskich decydentów.
This publication analyses the legal and actual position of the Polish minority in the Republic of Latvia. It was conducted on the basis of dogmatic and legal-historical methods. In the course of the analysis it was established that the legal status of the Polish minority is based on few constitutional regulations and to a large extent it is derived from ordinary legislation and bilateral agreements. These regulations fully comply with the principle of a democratic state of law. The Polish minority receives a favourable social attitude towards its national identity. The integration process is assessed as exemplary and constitutes a counterbalance to Russian influence. The publication focuses on issues related to language, education and media - the carriers of culture and knowledge about the motherland. The following problems of the Polish minority have been identified: a difficult economic background, a decrease in the use of Polish in the private sphere and the lack of sufficient support and interest in the fate of Poles in Latvia on the part of Polish decision-makers.
Źródło:
Polityka i Społeczeństwo; 2023, 22, 2; 218-231
1732-9639
Pojawia się w:
Polityka i Społeczeństwo
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Nowa forma w architekturze łotewskiej i jej filiacje na przełomie XIX i XX wieku na przykładzie Rygi
New form in Latvian architecture, and its affiliations at the turn of the 19th and the 20th century, on the example of Riga
Autorzy:
Tołłoczko, Z.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/217590.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Konserwatorów Zabytków
Tematy:
architektura
Łotwa
architecture
Latvia
Opis:
Tematem niniejszego artykułu jest zagadnienie rozwoju nowej formy w architekturze Rygi na przełomie XIX i XX wieku. Przez nową formę rozumiem tu styl, który nie zerwał jeszcze z tradycją, a jednocześnie nie poddał się zupełnie nowoczesności. Innymi słowy, jest to swoisty kompromis między historycznymi kanonami a nowymi, modernistycznymi regułami. Na bazie owego swoistego konsensusu lub może lepiej - stylowo-ideowej cohabitation wzniesiono w Rydze setki wspaniałych obiektów, których wartość artystyczną doceniono dopiero w latach siedemdziesiątych XX stulecia. Podziw dla kunsztu łotewskich architektów wzrasta obecnie dzięki znakomitej restauracji pomników tej architektury, która w latach sowieckiej okupacji była często zaniedbana bądź, co gorsza, lekceważona.
The subject of this article is the issue of the development of the new form in Riga architecture at the turn of the 19th and 20th century. By the new form I mean here the style which did not completely break up with tradition yet, but at the same time did not fully embrace the modernity. In other words, it was a particular compromise between historic canons and the new modernist principles. On the basis of that specific consensus, or maybe the stylistic - idealistic cohabitation - hundreds of magnificent buildings, whose artistic value was finally appreciated in the 1970s, were erected in Riga. Admiration for the craftsmanship of Latvian architects is currently increasing due to excellent restoration work on monuments of this architecture which, during the years of Soviet occupation, were frequently neglected or, what was even worse, ignored.
Źródło:
Wiadomości Konserwatorskie; 2010, 27; 11-20
0860-2395
2544-8870
Pojawia się w:
Wiadomości Konserwatorskie
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Przemiany narodowościowe na ziemi łotewskiej w XX i na początku XXI wieku
Autorzy:
Eberhardt, Piotr
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/677929.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Slawistyki PAN
Tematy:
Latvia
Latvians
demography
nationalities
Opis:
Ethnic Transformations on the Latvian Territory in the 20th Century and at the Beginning of the 21st CenturyThis paper presents demographic and ethnic transformations in the territory of Latvia. First, information is provided on the origins of the population of Latvian nationality. Then, ethnic composition of the population inhabiting the present-day Latvian territory at the end of the 19th century is characterised. The basis for the respective statistical analysis is constituted by the results of the Russian census of 1897. This census showed, side by side with the Latvian population, also important German, Russian, Jewish, and Polish minorities. The subsequent part of the paper is devoted to the ethnic situation in the interwar period. Here, the census carried out in 1935 is the main source of information. Essential demographic transformations took place during World War II. The paper accounts for the war losses, which in ethnic terms had a selective character. Latvian Jews were exterminated, while the remaining groups also suffered great losses. Then, the paper takes up the subject of the demographic-ethnic situation during the post-war Soviet occupation and the existence of the Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic. In this period, numerous migrants from the farther-off territories of the Soviet Union moved to Latvia, these Russian-speaking migrants being primarily of Russian nationality. This resulted in the essential shift in the ethnic composition of the population in Latvia. The effects are reflected in the data from the Soviet censuses of 1959 and 1989. The results of these censuses are subject to interpretation in the paper. The last part of the article is devoted to ethnic changes in the sovereign Latvian state. Statistical and substantive analysis was carried out using the census data of the year 2000, and the estimated data from the year 2014. The contemporary ethnic structure of the entire country and in individual provinces was established. Przemiany narodowościowe na ziemi łotewskiej w XX i na początku XXI wiekuW artykule przedstawiono przemiany demograficzno-etniczne na ziemi łotewskiej. We wstępie podano informacje o rodowodzie ludności narodowości łotewskiej. Następnie zaprezentowano i scharakteryzowano skład narodowościowy na współczesnym terytorium państwa łotewskiego w końcu XIX wieku. Podstawą analizy statystycznej były rezultaty spisu rosyjskiego z 1897 roku. Ujawnił on oprócz Łotyszy liczną mniejszość niemiecką, rosyjską, żydowską i polską. Kolejna część publikacji poświęcona jest sytuacji narodowościowej w okresie międzywojennym w niepodległym państwie łotewskim. Wykorzystano tu głównie spis przeprowadzony w 1935 roku. Poważne przeobrażenia demograficzne miały miejsce w latach II wojny światowej. Określono straty wojenne, które miały charakter selektywny w ujęciu narodowościowym. Przyniosły one eksterminację łotewskich Żydów oraz duże straty wśród pozostałych grup etnicznych. Dalsza część artykułu dotyczy sytuacji demograficzno-narodowościowej w okresie powojennej okupacji sowieckiej i istnienia Łotewskiej SRS. W tym czasie napłynęło na terytorium Łotwy wielu migrantów z głębi ZSRR. Była to ludność rosyjskojęzyczna, głównie narodowości rosyjskiej. Doprowadziło to do istotnej zmiany składu narodowościowego kraju. Odnotowały to spisy sowieckie z lat 1959 i 1989. Ich wyniki poddano interpretacji. Ostatnia część artykułu poświęcona jest zmianom narodowościowym zachodzącym już w suwerennym państwie łotewskim. Przeprowadzono analizę statystyczną i merytoryczną, korzystając z danych spisowych z 2000 roku oraz danych szacunkowych z 2014 roku. Określono współczesną strukturę narodowościową w skali całego kraju i wybranych prowincji.
Źródło:
Sprawy Narodowościowe; 2017, 49
2392-2427
Pojawia się w:
Sprawy Narodowościowe
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Fundamental Rights and Latvian Constitution (1918–1934)
Autorzy:
Pleps, Janis
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/621186.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet w Białymstoku. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku
Tematy:
Latvia, constitution, fundamental rights
Opis:
The Latvian road towards inclusion of the fundamental rights catalogue in the constitution started with proclamation of the state on November 18, 1918. The initial transitional constitutions already included according to their laconic style rather extensive guarantees of the fundamental rights. Mostly that means guarantees for national minorities. In the inter-war period, the catalogue of the fundamental rights was not considered as a significant component of the constitution content. The norms of the catalogue were generally perceived as “declarative slogans”, which had little practical significance. Much greater importance was assigned by the politicians and jurists to the laws adopted by the parliament with regards to the procedure of implementing certain fundamental rights. Latvian Constitutional Assembly has included “The Basic regulations regarding rights and regulations of the citizens” as a second part of the Constitution. The German Weimar Constitution of August 11, 1919 was used as a pattern for the draft of this part of the Constitution. The draft of the second part of Constitution prescribed a range of civic and political individual rights and freedoms. Parallel to that, the draft of the second part of the Constitution contained articles, which prescribed the state responsibility to protect the nationally-cultural autonomy of minorities, monuments of art, history, and nature, as well as marriage as the foundation of the family. The second part of the Constitution also dealt with the some social matters. Unfortunately, the second part of the Constitution was not adopted, leaving the regulation of this matter for the upcoming generations, which was completed only ten years ago.
Źródło:
Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica; 2009, 8; 11-26
1732-9132
2719-9991
Pojawia się w:
Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Great changes at home: Latvians abroad and the proclamation of the Republic of Latvia in 1918
Autorzy:
Beķere, Kristīne
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/20312179.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czasopisma i Monografie PAN
Tematy:
Latvia
1918
postimperial transition
transformation
Opis:
This paper examines how Latvian communities abroad reacted to and were influenced by a change of the first magnitude in the political life of their homeland, namely, the proclamation of the Republic of Latvia on November 18, 1918. News of the proclamation, first of all, necessitated diaspora Latvians choosing attitudes towards the new phenomenon, which highlighted the political pre‑dispositions of the different groups within the diaspora. Polarisation of opinions was followed shortly by a wave of activities both in support of and against the new Republic. These activities included gathering financial resources for war victims and state institutions in Latvia, public relations campaigns in diaspora host countries, political lobbying etc. The establishment of the Republic of Latvia also profoundly influenced and intensified the internal formation processes within the diaspora. A marked increase of activity is observable in all fields of engagement that are characteristic of an active ethno‑national diaspora: the internal organisational structure was further developed; contacts with the homeland intensified; mutual links between geographically distant diaspora groups became closer. The great political changes in the homeland gave the Latvian diaspora the push necessary to fully develop and become an active ethno‑national diaspora.
Źródło:
Historyka studia metodologiczne; 2022, 52; 67-90
0073-277X
Pojawia się w:
Historyka studia metodologiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Willingness to defend ones own country and to resist in the Baltic states
Autorzy:
Andžāns, Māris
Sprūds, Andris
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1194345.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Akademia Sztuki Wojennej
Tematy:
Lithuania
Estonia
Latvia
defence
resistance
Opis:
This article addresses the question of willingness to defend one’s own country and a similar notion of resistance, should Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia be attacked. The study principally relies on quantitative data from a dedicated nationally representative survey across all three countries. The data acquired thereof reaffirm findings from previous studies concluding that the highest level of willingness to defend one’s own country is in Estonia, while it is lower in Latvia and in Lithuania. Asked if and how respondents would resist in case of an attack, more willingness to resist either non-violently or violently was expressed by respondents in Lithuania, ahead of the number of willing to do so in Estonia and more so in Latvia. Demographic background of the respondents visualized and discussed in the article provides further nuances of both research questions. While situation with the willingness to defend Estonia is relatively comfortable, this should not be treated as a reason for complacency. There is still room for progress within some groups of the society. Meanwhile, valuable lessons could be drawn for policies of Latvia and more so of Lithuania to avert some of the less flattery trends identifed in this study.
Źródło:
Security and Defence Quarterly; 2020, 30, 3; 15-30
2300-8741
2544-994X
Pojawia się w:
Security and Defence Quarterly
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
FDI spillovers in transitive economies integrating into the EU in case of the Baltic countries
Efekty pośrednie BIZ w gospodarkach przejściowych integrujących się z UE na przykładzie krajów bałtyckich
Autorzy:
Shkabarin, Georgiy
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/570088.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu
Tematy:
FDI
spillovers
productivity
Latvia
Lithuania
Estonia
Opis:
The paper deals with the idea of spillovers (or indirect effects) from foreign direct investment increasing the firm productivity in transitive economies under the circumstances of economic integration. The Baltic countries are the best example of such a kind of states. The indirect effects for the productivity are examined both at a country and at a firm level with the use of a proved estimation model in order to probe for the existence; sign and magnitude of different types of spillovers. The paper includes a brief historical analysis of the previous works and the history of elaboration of an estimation model for spillovers. The analysis of FDI inflows in Estonia; Latvia and Lithuania with diagrams is included to visualize the change in the attitude of foreign investors to these countries during the post-soviet period and after their accession to the EU.
Źródło:
Ekonomia XXI Wieku; 2015, 4 (8); 20-29
2353-8929
Pojawia się w:
Ekonomia XXI Wieku
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Non-citizens in Latvia: Is it a Real Problem?
Autorzy:
Kuczyńska-Zonik, Aleksandra
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/678465.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Slawistyki PAN
Tematy:
citizenship
non-citizens
statelessness
naturalization
Latvia
Opis:
Non-citizens in Latvia: Is it a Real Problem?Following the restoration of independence in 1991, Latvia has introduced restrictive citizenship strategy involving citizenship only to those who had it before the Soviet occupation, and to their descendants. As a result, about one-third of the population in Latvia – the former citizens of the Soviet Union who had immigrated to Latvia during the Soviet period-received the status of ‘non-citizen’. In the 1990s, political discourse on the citizenship policy dominated in Latvia. Exclusive Citizenship Act was criticized by international institutions, including the UN, EU, OSCE and CoE. As a result of international pressure Latvia has introduced appropriate amendments to facilitate access to citizenship for non-citizens. Non-citizens and stateless in Latvia represent 11.8% and 0.01% of the population, respectively, which is more than 252 thousand residents of Latvia. It means that non-citizenship phenomenon has not been resolved completely. A few Latvian regulations restrict non-citizens and stateless to participate in elections, occupy public positions and offices, and travel. This article addresses the problem of non-citizenship as a second matter of concerns in Latvian domestic policy. While limitations for non-citizens implicate their political, economic and social status, Latvian authority is far from granting citizenship to non-citizens in ‘zero option’ procedure.  Nieobywatele na Łotwie: czy problem jest aktualny?Po odzyskaniu niepodległości Łotwa w 1991 roku wprowadziła restrykcyjną strategię obywatelstwa, polegającą na przywróceniu obywatelstwa jedynie tym osobom, które posiadały je przed okupacją sowiecką, oraz ich potomkom. W wyniku tego około jednej trzeciej populacji na Łotwie – byłych obywateli Związku Radzieckiego przybyłych na Łotwę w okresie sowieckim – otrzymało status „nieobywatela”. W latach dziewięćdziesiątych kwestia obywatelstwa zdominowała dyskurs polityczny na Łotwie, a wyłączająca ustawa o obywatelstwie była krytykowana przez różne instytucje międzynarodowe, w tym ONZ, UE, OBWE i Radę Europy. Międzynarodowa presja spowodowała, że Łotwa wprowadziła stosowne poprawki, ułatwiając dostęp do obywatelstwa dla nieobywateli. Obecnie nieobywatele stanowią 11,8%, a bezpaństwowcy – niecałe 0,01% populacji, co wynosi łącznie ponad 252 tys. mieszkańców Łotwy. Oznacza to, że problem braku obywatelstwa nie został rozwiązany całkowicie. Niektóre regulacje ograniczające prawa nieobywateli i bezpaństwowców odnoszą się do prawa wyborczego, możliwości zajmowania pewnych stanowisk i urzędów oraz podróży. Artykuł poświęcony jest zjawisku braku obywatelstwa na Łotwie, które obecnie nie jest przedmiotem większego zainteresowania władz Łotwy. Regulacje ograniczające prawa nieobywateli wpływają na ich status polityczny, ekonomiczny i społeczny, jednak podjęcie decyzji o automatycznym obywatelstwie dla nieobywateli przez władze Łotwy jest mało prawdopodobne.
Źródło:
Sprawy Narodowościowe; 2017, 49
2392-2427
Pojawia się w:
Sprawy Narodowościowe
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Städteheraldik Lettlands im Mittelalter
The Latvian cities heraldry in the Middle Ages
Autorzy:
Sne, Sigita
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1065249.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Archiwum Główne Akt Dawnych
Tematy:
Łotwa
heraldyka miejska
Latvia
municipal heraldry
Opis:
Die Entwicklung der munizipalen Wappen in Lettland, darunter die Entwicklung der Städtewappen lässt sich in mehrere aufeinanderfolgende Ettapen einteilen, auf Grund der in der heraldischen Symbolik und in den Wappen verlaufenen Abänderungen. Solcherart ist die Gestaltung und die Entwicklung der munizipalen Wappen Lettlands angefangen vom 13.Jh. bis Ende des 20.Jahrhunderts in 6 Abschnitte einzuteilen. Der erste Abschnitt ist der Urbeginn der mittelalterlichen Heraldik auf dem Territorium Lettlands und die Gestaltung der heraldischen Symbolik und damit ist auch die ursprüngliche Entwicklung der munizipalen Wappen in der Livländischen Zeit (13. Jh.- 1561) zu verbinden. Die Entwicklung der Städtewappen ist eng mit dem Erhalten der Stadtrechte verbunden. Die Stadrechte galten als Privileg und als Möglichkeit selbst entscheiden zu können. In der Livländischen Zeit haben 11 bevölkerte Orte Lettlands Stadtrechte erhalten: Rīga, Cēsis, Valmiera, Straupe, Aizpute, Kuldīga, Ventspils, Limbaži, Koknese, Piltene und Rauna. Die wichtigste Frage, auf die der Forscher der Städteheraldik Lettlands antworten muss, lautet: können wir im Mittelalter Städtewappen Livlands feststellen oder müssen wir jedoch von der heraldischen Symbolik sprechen, die auf Münzen und Siegeln dargestellt ist, beziehungsweise in den wichtigsten Forschungsquellen dieser Zeitperiode. In der Regel wird schon seit der Mitte des 19. Jahrhunderts behauptet, dass die Städtesiegel mit den darauf geschilderten heraldischen Elementen vom Bestehen der Städtewappen zeugen. Bis zum Ende des 16.Jahrhunderts gibt es keine Quellen, die behaupten lassen würden, dass die Städtesymbolik überhaupt verliehen worden wäre, ohne über die Gesetze zu sprechen, die sich auf die Verleihung der Symbolik, Verwendungsreglementierung beziehen würden. In der livländischen Zeitperiode kann mann über die Entstehung und Entwicklung der heraldischen Symbolik der Städte sprechen, denn nur vereinzelt in den Quellen der damaligen Heraldik – auf den Siegeln und Münzen – ist es möglich die Darstellung der heraldischen Symbolik auf dem Shild festzustellen. Deshalb kann man nicht in der Geschichte der Städteheraldik Lettlands im Mittelalter über die Wappen von allen Städten sprechen. Korrekt wäre es die mittelalterliche Städteheraldik als die protoheraldische Etappe der Städtewappen anzusehen, für die die Verwendung der heraldischen Symbolik, die sich später in den Wappen festsetzt, charakteristisch ist.
Źródło:
Miscellanea Historico-Archivistica; 2016, 23; 41-53
0860-1054
Pojawia się w:
Miscellanea Historico-Archivistica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Disclosure of intellectual capital in financial reports: case of Latvia
Autorzy:
Lentjushenkova, Oksana
Zarina, Vita
Titko, Jelena
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/19090929.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Instytut Badań Gospodarczych
Tematy:
intellectual capital
financial reporting
Latvia
survey
Opis:
Research background: Intellectual capital and its elements, such as reputation, customer relationships, staff competence, are an essential part of a company's value. However, the issues regarding its recording in company's accounting books have not been solved. Proper disclosure of an intellectual capital in financial re-ports will increase the transparency of company-related information, thus improving the quality of reporting. Purpose of the article: The paper aims to investigate the opportunities of intellectual capital disclosure in company's financial reports from the viewpoint of accounting experts. Methods: Financial and accounting managers, board members of accounting services, companies and auditors were surveyed, using the authors' developed questionnaire. The statements regarding the awareness of the intellectual capital and its disclosure-related questions, as well as a respondent profile section were offered to respondents for evaluation. Data was processed in SPSS, applying the method of frequency analysis and categorical Principal Component Analysis (CATPCA). Findings & Value added: The research results indicate the problem of inconsistency between understanding of intellectual capital and its elements in management theory and accounting practice. The existing accounting standards and regulations do not allow for making a full disclosure of all companies' assets. Thus, a reliable information about company's value is not available for shareholders, executives and other stakeholders. The authors suggest using a non-financial reporting practice to reflect the real situation in all companies, irrespective to their status within the meaning of the European Directive on non-financial information disclosure. Current research results will be used for future research and elaboration of recommendations to companies for better disclosure of their assets. Besides, there is a potential for future studies regarding non-financial reporting practice and disclosure of intellectual capital in neighboring countries. 
Źródło:
Oeconomia Copernicana; 2019, 10, 2; 341-357
2083-1277
Pojawia się w:
Oeconomia Copernicana
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Russia’s role in the Baltic States’ Investment
Autorzy:
Pestich, Aleksandr Sergeevich
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1201774.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016-12-05
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Gdański. Instytut Geografii
Tematy:
Russia
Estonia
Latvia
Lithuania
investment
business
Opis:
The aim of this article is to determine the modern role of Russia in the investment space of the Baltic states and to assess the current stage of integration of Russian and the Baltic states’ economies. The basis of the work is the analysis of the dynamics and structure of Russian investment in Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania. This article shows the decreasing role of Russia in the Baltic states’ investment, but Russia is still an important economic partner for these states. Absolute amounts of investment are growing, while the share of Russia in different countries varies in different ways and, depending on the implementation of any project. Structure of Russian investments is different in all countries.
Źródło:
Journal of Geography, Politics and Society; 2016, 6, 2; 68-75
2084-0497
2451-2249
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Geography, Politics and Society
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Mesozoic remagnetization of Upper Devonian carbonates from the Česis and Skaistgirys quarries (Baltic states)
Autorzy:
Katinas, V.
Nawrocki, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2058838.pdf
Data publikacji:
2004
Wydawca:
Państwowy Instytut Geologiczny – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
Tematy:
Lithuania
Latvia
Devonian
palaeomagnetism
remagnetisation
dolomites
Opis:
The palaeomagnetic properties of Frasnian and Famennian dolomites from two quarries in Latvia and Lithuania respectively are compared. Famennian dolomites from Skaistgirys quarry (N Lithuania) revealed the presence of one distinct normal polarity component (D =14 degrees Celsius, I = 53 degrees Celsius, 95 = 4.2 degrees Celsius, n = 28 specimens). The reversed polarity component predominates in Frasnian dolomites from Česis quarry (Central Latvia). Only one hand specimen from this locality contained a component with the opposite direction. The mean direction from Česis quarry (D = 198 degrees Celsius, I = -53 degrees Celsius, 95 = 4.4 degrees Celsius, n = 22 specimens) is very close to that from Skaistgirys quarry and therefore was recorded most probably during the same event of remagnetisation but at a later stage. The remagnetizations of these dolomites were caused most probably by progressive oxidation of ferric sulphides to magnetite and finaly to hematite. A comparison of the palaeomagnetic poles obtained with the stable European APWP (Apparent Polar Wander Path) indicates a Late Jurassic/Early Cretaceous age for the remagnetization event. This estimation can be useful for chronostratigraphic linking of post-Palaeozoic tectonic activity and diagenetic events, so far very poorly recognized in this part of the European plate. Our data shows also that the Late Jurassic/Early Cretaceous part of the stable European APWP may still be inaccurate.
Źródło:
Geological Quarterly; 2004, 48, 3; 293-298
1641-7291
Pojawia się w:
Geological Quarterly
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Analysis of biodiesel fuel and bioethanol production and consumption in Latvia
Stosowanie biopaliwa oraz produkcja i konsumpcja bioetanolu w Łotwie
Autorzy:
Viesturs, D.
Melece, L.
Kopiks, N.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/337637.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Przemysłowy Instytut Maszyn Rolniczych
Tematy:
biodiesel fuel
bioethanol
production
consumption
Latvia
Opis:
The article provides an analysis of the biofuel production and consumption development in Latvia. The biofuel production developed due to the state subsidies which were paid for the produced amount till the year 2010. The present capacities can ensure fulfilment of the norms set by the EU Directive for the consumption of biofuel; there is a competitive production unit with a modern technology and a great production output. However, in the field of consumption, the state considerably lags behind the norms mentioned. Therefore measures should be continued to promote biofuel consumption.
Źródło:
Journal of Research and Applications in Agricultural Engineering; 2014, 59, 4; 111-113
1642-686X
2719-423X
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Research and Applications in Agricultural Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
"Latvieši un Latvija" (Latvians and Latvia), chief editor: Jānis Stradiņš, Latvijas Zinātņu Akadēmija, Rīga, no. of pages: 526 (volume I), 559 (volume II), 479 (volume III), 814 (volume IV)
Autorzy:
Jankowiak, Mirosław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/676348.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014-12-31
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Slawistyki PAN
Tematy:
Latvia
Latvians
Latvian history
culture
language
Opis:
In 2013 in Riga the monumental study entitled Latvieši un Latvija (Latvians and Latvia) was published. The book under review consists of four volumes: Latvians; Statehood in Latvia and the Latvian State – established and lost; The restored Latvian state; and Culture, education and science in Latvia. In the publication its authors presented articles showing the most important aspects for the Latvian nation, connected with history, national identity, language, culture and other aspects of the functioning of the Latvian statehood.
Źródło:
Acta Baltico-Slavica; 2014, 38; 315-322
2392-2389
0065-1044
Pojawia się w:
Acta Baltico-Slavica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Digital Civic Engagement in the EU: Analysing Examples, Tools, and Sentiment in Latvia and Estonia
Autorzy:
Vargulis, Martins
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1929594.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-12-28
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Centrum Europejskie
Tematy:
Civic Engagement
Latvia
I-voting
Digital Democracy
Opis:
The decline of civic engagement has been an issue for several EU Member States. To promote civic engagement, digital tools have been perceived as one of the possible solutions both at the EU and national levels. Within the context of the COVID-19 pandemic that has intensified digitalisation in many forms and sectors, the issue of digital solutions for civic engagement has regained its relevance and topicality. In the last decade, Latvia has been among other EU Member States in which civic engagement has become a concerning and long-term challenge. For instance, as opposed to Estonia, voter turnout in the most recent national and European parliamentary elections has gradually declined in Latvia. There are also limited digital possibilities through which Latvian society can participate and influence the political agenda daily. Therefore, this article provides an overview of the provisions and guidelines at the EU level to address the issue of civic engagement by promoting digital democracy tools. Secondly, it analyses what digital tools exist in Latvia to promote civic engagement. Thirdly, by comparing the digital civic engagement solutions implemented in Estonia and Latvia, the lessons learned are drawn. Finally, using data from quantitative (polls) studies (before and during the COVID-19 pandemic), the article provides recommendations for Latvia in the context of I-voting.
Źródło:
Studia Europejskie - Studies in European Affairs; 2021, 4; 83-98
1428-149X
2719-3780
Pojawia się w:
Studia Europejskie - Studies in European Affairs
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Problematyka polskich emigrantów sezonowych na Łotwie na łamach tygodnika „Nasze Życie” w latach 1936–1939
Issues Related to Polish Seasonal Migration to Latvia in the Weekly “Nasze Życie” During the Years 1936–1939
Autorzy:
Grzybowski, Jerzy
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1791075.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-11-21
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
Tematy:
Polska
Latvia
seasonal migration
newspaper Nasze Życie
Opis:
In the 1930s, Latvia was one of the main target countries for economic emigration from Poland. Emigration to Latvia was seasonal. Between 1936 and 1939, each year about 40,000 Polish agricultural workers were employed in Latvian agriculture. Polish seasonal migration was the object of attention of the contemporary press, both Polish and foreign. A very valuable source of knowledge about Polish seasonal migration is the newspaper Nasze Życie (Our Life). This applies especially to various aspects of Polish migrants’ everyday life. It was the only Polish newspaper in Latvia (it was published in Riga). From 1936, the newspaper had a special section devoted to seasonal workers. It contained information and messages addressed to the migrants. The editorial team’s task was to provide the workers with comprehensive and reliable help. In this regard, advice and guidance was given on the organisation of workers’ lives and work. These advices were difficult to overestimate. The newspaper also covered religious and moral topics. At the same time, the newspaper was the main link between the workers and the Polish consular service. It published messages of the Polish Consulate in Riga. Unfortunately, the weekly reached few seasonal migrants. Most workers did not read or subscribe to the newspaper for various reasons. The article analyses the content of the newspaper Nasze Życie. The author confronted the content of the newspaper with other available sources regarding the issues of Polish seasonal migration in Latvia.
Źródło:
Studia Interkulturowe Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej; 2020, 13; 246-277
1898-4215
Pojawia się w:
Studia Interkulturowe Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Geostrategic situation of Latvia in relation to the foreign policy of the Russian Federation
Autorzy:
Stańczyk, Jerzy
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/31341142.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Gdański. Instytut Geografii
Tematy:
security
cyberattacks
geostrategy
Latvia
foreign policy
Russia
Opis:
The work addresses the issue of the geostrategic situation of Latvia in relation to Russia’s foreign policy, which is important for security in the Baltic Sea region. The work uses literary, historical and systemic methods of analysis. The aim of the work is to present the geostrategic position of Latvia. A historical analysis was undertaken indicating the causes of the current geostrategic situation of the country. The conditions and goals of the Russian foreign policy in the Baltic Sea basin and the strategic goals of actors involved in the region of NATO, the EU, the Russian Federation and Latvia were indicated. The main problems of the geostrategic location include cyber-attacks, disinformation campaigns conducted by the Russian media and a real threat to the integrity of the state posed by the Russian inhabitants of the country. It was decided that the Russian population could be used as a tool of pressure on the country’s authorities, especially since the Russian minority, constituting approximately 26% of Latvia’s population, can create its own parties and demand its rights, including demands for autonomy. The forecast of changes assumes that this problem will increase as Latvia struggles with demographic complications. It can be concluded that the smaller the numerical ratio of Latvians to Russians, the more difficult it will be for them to maintain their own statehood in a potential conflict situation with Russia. This is currently the most serious issue in Latvia’s security policy.
Źródło:
Journal of Geography, Politics and Society; 2023, 13, 3; 55-62
2084-0497
2451-2249
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Geography, Politics and Society
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Development and morphology of gullies in the river Daugava Valley, South - Eastern Latvia
Autorzy:
Soms, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/295176.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Geomorfologów Polskich
Tematy:
morphogenetic classification
gully types
south-eastern Latvia
Opis:
In south-eastern Latvia many old gullies can be found, however, few studies hitherto have reported on their morphology and factors controlling their genesis. This paper presents results of the research covering morphometry, morphology and classification of gullies, the paleogeographic reconstruction of environmental conditions and factors that led to development of these erosion landforms in the river Daugava Valley. Obtained results permits to distinguish five morphogenetic types of gullies, which differ by topographic characteristics, shape of cross-profile, time of formation, and genesis. Simultaneously, presence of different types of gullies in the case study area geomorphologically reflects several incision-accumulation cycles of the erosion network development.
Źródło:
Landform Analysis; 2011, 17; 183-192
1429-799X
Pojawia się w:
Landform Analysis
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
From independence to the Euro introduction: varieties of capitalism in the Baltic States
Autorzy:
Wrobel, Ralph M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/529834.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Wyższa Szkoła Bankowa we Wrocławiu
Tematy:
VoC, Baltics
Estonia, Latvia
Lithuania
Euro introduction
Opis:
The Baltic States, Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania, are very successful in transformation. From 1991 to 2015 they regained independence and transformed their economies from socialist central planning into functioning market economies, joined the EU in 2004 and became member of the Euro zone. Estonia introduced the Euro al-ready in 2011 while Latvia followed in 2014 and Lithuania in 2015. Thereof follow two questions. First, why all three Baltic countries are so successful? And secondly, do we really find everywhere the pattern of the “Shining star” Estonia, followed by Latvia and at least Lithuania? According to modern Varieties of Capitalism theory all three economies can be classified as Central and Eastern European Countries in the style of Liberal Market Economies (CEEC-LME). As can be shown, there are also differences in the institutional setups of all three Baltic States. During the period of transformation a pattern of Estonia followed by Latvia and at least Lithuania evolved which is also reflected by the sequence of joining Euro area. But institutional patterns are not determined in the long run. Since the crisis of 2008/09 the pattern within the Baltics changed. While Estonia remains on the first rank Lithuania overtook Latvia in terms of growth and wealth. Deregulation in Lithuania – which may be observed by the development of the Economic Freedom Index of the Heritage Foundation within the last ten years – may be the main reason. But also, the low sophistication of the Lithuanian banking system as well as Latvia’s massive suffering from the crisis may explain the last change of the pattern in the Baltics. There are several possibilities to illustrate the different paths of development of the Baltic States. While Geography Hypothesis is not able to explain the differences, the extractive political institutions in Estonia and Latvia can illustrate the lead of both countries in contrast to Lithuania till the crisis in 2008/09. Additionally, different basic values in all three Baltic States are responsible for the different
Źródło:
Central and Eastern European Journal of Management and Economics (CEEJME); 2015, 1; 9-38
2353-9119
Pojawia się w:
Central and Eastern European Journal of Management and Economics (CEEJME)
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The voluntary forces’ role within the security systems of the Baltic countries: dissimilar but cohesive
Autorzy:
Allers, Edgars
Śliwa, Zdzisław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2165705.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Krakowska Akademia im. Andrzeja Frycza Modrzewskiego
Tematy:
territorial defence forces
Estonia
Latvia
Lithuania
security
Opis:
The three Baltic states: Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania, gained independence for the second time in the late 20th century, and are now investing in the whole society’s approach to defence, recognizing the threat from Russia, especially after the wars in Georgia (2007/8) and Ukraine (2014, 2022). Voluntary territorial defence forces are an important constituent of their national defence strategies. This paper aims to analyse these forces as an integral component of national security, based on a close connection with society, armed forces, and government. The similarities and differences between the three different volunteer forces will be highlighted and ultimately proven how they are strongly embedded in national and regional security setup, while also enhancing cross-border cooperation.
Źródło:
Bezpieczeństwo. Teoria i Praktyka; 2022, XLVIII, 3; 173-186
1899-6264
2451-0718
Pojawia się w:
Bezpieczeństwo. Teoria i Praktyka
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Rosjanie na Łotwie - Problem statusu i praw obywatelskich rosyjskich mieszkańców Republiki Łotewskiej
Russians in Latvia - the Problem of Status and Civic Rights of Russian Inhabitants in Latvia
Autorzy:
Więcławski, Jacek
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/566872.pdf
Data publikacji:
2007
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie. Instytut Nauk Politycznych
Tematy:
Latvia
National Minorities
Russians
Legal Status
Civic Rights
Opis:
In 1991 the regenerating country of Latvia had to face the consequences of Soviet occupation, including the "colonization" of Latvian grounds by the influx of hundreds of thousands Russians supplying the industrial plants, offices and politics of Latvian SSR. The way that Russians and Latvians have been through if it comes to the relations between them was not straight, if we take the accompanying internal conditions and international context into account. Surely it also has not been finished and still requires the will of dialogue from both sides. Giving the opportunity of gaining the citizenship by naturalization, supporting everybody who was interested in getting civic rights and aiming at social integration Latvia has answered positively the question about the future of Russian inhabitants of the republic and challenges that appeared after years of occupation.
Źródło:
Forum Politologiczne; 2007, 5 - Narody XXI wieku; 197-238
1734-1698
Pojawia się w:
Forum Politologiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
How do Members of Parliament View the Public Value of Public Service Media? The Case of Latvia
Autorzy:
Brikše, Inta
Beitika, Ieva
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/514381.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Wrocławski. Instytut Politologii
Tematy:
public media
media policy
public value
parliament
Latvia
Opis:
The Development of public media in Latvia as a post-communist country has essentially been influenced by politicians. The political community has had consensus that certain reforms are necessary to ensure the development of public media given the changes in the communication space and its role in the facilitation of the strengthening of democracy, yet during the last fifteen years the political elite has not been able to come to a common agreement and to make decisions on systemic reforming and the development of public media. Since the communication environment has changed post digitalisation of television, the question about public media development and legitimisation has become increasingly topical. The aim of the study is to explore how the members of the parliament of Latvia (Saeima) position public service media (PSM) in Latvia and assess the public value of PSM. The theoretical framework for the research is based on the concept of public value „strategic triangle” (Benington & Moore 2011), which consists of three main elements: public value outcomes, the authorising environment and operational capacity. The study is based on qualitative research methods including 18 semi-structured interviews conducted with members of the Saeima in 2012 and 2013. The acquired data has been analysed by the principles of thematic analysis (Attride-Stirling 2001). Analysis of the interviews show that members of the Saeima recognise the need for public media to be independent whilst at the same time supporting a model in which public media is not supposed to have independent funding and they will continue competing with commercial media in the advertising market. High competition and resentment are characteristic features of the political elite in Latvia that apparently would also in future hamper the making of such decisions about public media that will facilitate their high-quality. Results of the research show the tendency for members of parliament to lack the necessary knowledge to formulate their opinion and to modulate relations of public media with society and their place in the overall media system in Latvia.
Źródło:
Polish Political Science Review. Polski Przegląd Politologiczny; 2013, 1; 20-32
2353-3773
Pojawia się w:
Polish Political Science Review. Polski Przegląd Politologiczny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Litwa, Łotwa, Estonia
Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia
Autorzy:
Solska, Magdalena
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/489698.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Pedagogiczny im. Komisji Edukacji Narodowej w Krakowie
Tematy:
Lithuania
Latvia
Estonia
ethnoregionalism
ethnic parties
national minorities
Opis:
The article compares ethic parties in Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia. The author reconstructs the context in which ethnic parties were established, development of the organizations as well as their ideological profile. The second part of the article is devoted to the role that the parties played in the processes of inter-party competition, especially on the national level. Due to the fact that the parties in Latvia and Lithuania managed to obtain seats in the European Parliament, the article emphasizes their role in programming the interests of national minorities in Europe.
Źródło:
Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis. Studia Politologica; 2013, 11; 113-129
2081-3333
Pojawia się w:
Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis. Studia Politologica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Demographic policy of Latvia: problems and prospects
Autorzy:
Tsaurkubule, Zhanna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/582575.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu
Tematy:
Latvia
demographic situation
demographic policy
indicators
demographic crisis
Opis:
The article examines the effects of influence of demographic policy on the formation and development of human resources in Latvia. The objective of the article aims to determine “weak points” of population system’s policy and develop the conceptual proposals that will resolve existing disputes. The main indicators characterizing a demographic situation in Latvia are analysed. The results of the analysis indicate the existence of deep demographic crisis in Latvia. Without taking effective measures to improve the demographic situation, the population of Latvia will decrease dramatically. In the conclusion, the proposals on the increasing the effectiveness of the system of demographic policy in Latvia were put forward.
Źródło:
Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu; 2017, 465; 156-165
1899-3192
Pojawia się w:
Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Development of field crop technologies Latvia
Autorzy:
Kopiks, N.
Viesturs, D.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/335664.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Przemysłowy Instytut Maszyn Rolniczych
Tematy:
uprawa
plonowanie
technologia
Łotwa
crop
yielding
technology
Latvia
Opis:
The article deals with the problems of the provision of farms with the machinery and its use depending on the sizes of the farms, comparing the years 2001 and 2007. The analysis of the farms was made by several parameters - by their number, their technical readiness, and the capacity sufficiency in order to perform field operations in time and high quality. Data are provided about the acquisition of tractors by years, their technical condition, the specific energy supply and the total capacity of the tractor fleet of the farms having different production intensities. The results of the research confirm that the production concentration will continue on larger farms, the application of special technologies will increase, the specific energy supply of the farms will decrease, the capacity of the tractor and combine engines will grow, and the total number of tractors, grain harvesters and other agricultural machinery will decrease.
Źródło:
Journal of Research and Applications in Agricultural Engineering; 2009, 54, 3; 133-136
1642-686X
2719-423X
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Research and Applications in Agricultural Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-25 z 130

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