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Tytuł:
International legal regulations in the area of cybersecurity
Autorzy:
Milik, Piotr
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1991280.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-03-01
Wydawca:
Akademia Sztuki Wojennej
Tematy:
international cooperation
cybersecurity
threats
international agreements
security policy
international organisations
international law
Opis:
The article compares and analyses the acts of international law on the cybercrime. Firstly, the analysis of multilateral international agreements was made. Next, bilateral international agreements and legislative resolutions of international organizations were analysed. On that basis, conclusions concerning the range and forms of international cooperation in the field of cyber-security were formulated.
Źródło:
Cybersecurity and Law; 2019, 1, 1; 115-141
2658-1493
Pojawia się w:
Cybersecurity and Law
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Problems surrounding arrest warrants issued by the International Criminal Court: a decade of judicial practice
Autorzy:
Dłubak, Aleksandra
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/706952.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Tematy:
international law
international criminal law
international criminal justice
International Criminal Court
ICC
arrest warrant
Opis:
Certain aims of international criminal justice, such as prosecution and the punishment of perpetrators of international crimes, can be achieved through the international institutions created to administer justice. However, one of the essential requirements is to ensure the suspect’s presence at trial. The measures provided for in the Rome Statute to facilitate the International Criminal Court in fulfilling this condition and initiating proper proceedings include the issuance of arrest warrants and subsequent requests for arrest and surrender. Although a binding legal obligation exists under the Rome Statute with respect to States Parties, nonetheless inter-state cooperation has proven extremely difficult to obtain. There are many reasons for this, however problems of a legal and political nature are identified as the two main areas of obstacles. There are some measures that can be taken in order to prevent the occurrence of problems relating to arrest warrants. The Office of the Prosecutor and the Pre-Trial Chambers have certain powers that can positively affect the execution of arrest warrants. These organs aim to establish a positive cooperation network, both with the States Parties and non-Party States. By using the powers of external bodies, the ICC may attempt to establish favourable circumstances which would increase the effectiveness of arrest warrants.
Źródło:
Polish Yearbook of International Law; 2012, 32; 209-237
0554-498X
Pojawia się w:
Polish Yearbook of International Law
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Which resources and competences are in favour of an international strategy? A case of Polish firms
Autorzy:
Głodowska, Agnieszka
Wach, Krzysztof
Maciejewski, Marek
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2211947.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-03-31
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Pedagogiczny im. Komisji Edukacji Narodowej w Krakowie
Tematy:
competences
international strategy
international business
international entrepreneurship
internationalisation
Polska
resources
Opis:
The objective of the study is to verify the way and the scope of the impact of resources and competences on the process of entrepreneurial internationalisation. In this paper we have presented a broad review of the literature, which shows that resources and competencies are two fundamental aspects that play vital roles in the internationalisation of firms. The novelty of this article lies in selecting Poland as a post-emerging economy, and such countries as being late comers to international business are still not well explored in the literature. The article uses own primary data based on a survey questionnaire. We used a quantitative approach. We applied simple and multiple logistic regression to verify the impact of resources and competences and their individual components on the creation of an international strategy in the firm. We have proved that resources and competences have a significant impact on the creation of an international strategy in internationalised firms from Poland. The results for specific individual resources and competences are no longer so clear-cut.
Źródło:
Prace Komisji Geografii Przemysłu Polskiego Towarzystwa Geograficznego; 2022, 36, 1; 7-20
2080-1653
Pojawia się w:
Prace Komisji Geografii Przemysłu Polskiego Towarzystwa Geograficznego
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Change as the Subject of Research in the International Relations Science
Autorzy:
Łoś–Nowak, Teresa
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2027966.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008-12-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
Science
International Relations Science
International Relations
Opis:
Questions asked above are in fact questions about theoretical identity, explanative efficiency and scope of researches in the international relations science, undertaken attempts of answering them decide on particular complexity of the subject of researches, controversies around subjective scope of researches and research methods. Starting from the first serious, inter-paradigmatic debate at the turn of nineteen fiftiies and sixties, conducted by representatives of the realistic trend and new behavioural approach to the last debate from nineteen eighties and nineties, there has been lasting discussion on ontological and epistemological problems of the international relations science. However, it does not discourage researchers from continuing careful and considerable reflection on the condition of discipline and its place in the Pantheon of Science, and for sure it does not discourage them from deepening theoretical discourse on explanative efficiency of various theoretical approaches and their methodological correctness in the process of getting to know, as well as explaining world complexity at the turn of the 20th and 21st century and new gauntlets thrown down by the 21st century.
Źródło:
Polish Political Science Yearbook; 2008, 37; 157-183
0208-7375
Pojawia się w:
Polish Political Science Yearbook
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The issue of recognition of Kosovo in the international arena
Autorzy:
Strzelczyk, Katarzyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/540258.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Geopolityczne
Tematy:
Kosovo
international relations
international recognition
Introduction
Opis:
On February 17, 2008 the Assembly of Kosovo adopted the text of unilateral declaration that proclaimed Kosovo as “an independent, sovereign and democratic country” 1. The declaration of independence enacted by Kosovo has instantaneously gained its numerous supporters, as well as opponents. The problem of Kosovo's final status is a crucial issue for the stability on the Balkan Peninsula. Other entities claim that the legitimacy of recognition or nonrecognition pf an independent Kosovar state is motivated, on the one hand, by compliance with international law standards and on the other hand by states’ own individual interests in the international arena.
Źródło:
Przegląd Geopolityczny; 2014, 10; 49-76
2080-8836
2392-067X
Pojawia się w:
Przegląd Geopolityczny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Entrepreneurship without Borders: Do Borders Matter for International Entrepreneurship?
Przedsiębiorczość bez granic – czy granice mają znaczenie w przedsiębiorczości międzynarodowej
Autorzy:
Wach, Krzysztof
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/525415.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015-02-02
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wydziału Zarządzania
Tematy:
International Entrepreneurship
international business
Geographical Distance
Opis:
The article focuses on geographic distance to foreign markets affecting firm internationalisation. The main objective of the article is to verify whether geographic distance to the border (localisation of the firm) has an impact or effect on the internationalisation process. The V4 research survey results and the sample of 190 internationalised Polish businesses were used in order to meet the objective and verify the assumed hypothesis. The results of the Mann-Withney test, Student’s t test as well as ANOVA analysis prove that businesses operating in bordering regions are more internationalised than these operating in inner regions of Poland. Consequently, the research hypothesis was confirmed and all in all it is obvious from the foregoing evidence that the businesses localised in bordering regions are more internationalised than the firms localised in inner regions not having borders with neighbouring countries. The article is based on the survey results of the research project no. StG-21310034 entitled “Patterns of Business Internationalization in Visegrad Countries – In Search for Regional Specifics” conducted in the years 2013–2014 by five universities from Visegrad countries and coordinated by Cracow University of Economics
Artykuł ukazuje związek dystansu geograficznego do rynków zagranicznych oraz internacjonalizacji przedsiębiorstw. Głównym celem artykułu jest sprawdzenie, czy odległość geograficzna do granicy (lokalizacja firmy) ma wpływ na proces internacjonalizacji. Wykorzystano badania ankietowe V4 przeprowadzone w Polsce na próbie 190 umiędzynarodowionych polskich przedsiębiorstw. Wyniki testu Manna-Whitneya, testu t-Studenta oraz analizy ANOVA potwierdzają, że przedsiębiorstwa działające w województwach przygranicznych są bardziej umiędzynarodowione niż te działające w województwach wewnętrznych Polski. Oznacza to, że zakładana hipoteza badawcza została potwierdzona, a przedsiębiorstwa zlokalizowane w regionach przygranicznych są bardziej umiędzynarodowione niż te zlokalizowane w regionach wewnętrznych, nieposiadających granic z krajami sąsiadującymi.
Źródło:
Problemy Zarządzania; 2015, 1/2015 (51), t.2; 82-92
1644-9584
Pojawia się w:
Problemy Zarządzania
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Międzynarodowa konkurencyjność gospodarki fińskiej w świetle międzynarodowych rankingów i ekonomicznych rekomendacji OECD
The international competitiveness of the Finnish economy in the light of international rankings and economic recommendations of OECD
Autorzy:
Kościewicz, Dawid
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/570050.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu
Tematy:
international economy
Finland
international competitiveness
innovation
Opis:
The aim of the paper is to present and analyze the changes of competitive position of Finland, in the light of a few main rankings of international competitiveness and innovation of national economies. The paper uses the terms of competitive position and competitive ability, to discuss both the state of Finnish competitiveness, and the perspectives of its improvement. The chosen rankings are The Global Competitiveness Report published annually by World Economic Forum (WEF), The World Competitiveness Yearbook made by analytics from International Institute for Management Development (IMD) in Lausanne, and Innovation Union Scorecard, made under the auspices of the European Commission (EC). The three rankings are complementary, because they treat the issue of competitiveness from a diffent point of view. In the artice there was used OECD report Economic Surveys: Finland 2014, to compare the assessments and recommendations for Finland with the previously desribed issue of competitiveness (following the WEF methodology) and the changes of competitive position of Finnish economy in the years 2009-2014. The WEF ranking metho-lodogy, based on 12 pillars of competitiveness, is compared to economic recommendations of OECD for Finland, to indicate recommendations that are the most important for the improvements of the Finnish competitive ability. The article ends with the following conlusions: in the years 2009-2014 Finland sustained a high competitive position, the main engine of Finnish competitiveness is innovation, Poland should learn from the Finnish example how to improve international competitveness by developing economy based on knowledge and innovation.
Źródło:
Ekonomia XXI Wieku; 2015, 2 (6); 95-105
2353-8929
Pojawia się w:
Ekonomia XXI Wieku
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Book review: Maurizio Ragazzi (ed.), Responsibility of International Organizations: Essays in Memory of Sir Ian Brownlie, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 2013, pp. 469
Autorzy:
Grzebyk, Patrycja
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/706711.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014-07-25
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Tematy:
book review, international organization, international responsibility
Opis:
Book review of Maurizio Ragazzi (ed.), Responsibility of International Organizations: Essays in Memory of Sir Ian Brownlie, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 2013.
Źródło:
Polish Yearbook of International Law; 2013, 33; 378-381
0554-498X
Pojawia się w:
Polish Yearbook of International Law
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Does the Rule of Law also apply to the Security Council? Limiting its powers by way of responsibility and accountability
Autorzy:
Šturma, Pavel
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/706751.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Tematy:
Security Council
rule of law
international responsibility
international accountability
international law
Opis:
Both States and international organizations are subjects of international law. They possess an international legal personality, which also implies international responsibility in case of breach of their obligations. This contribution presents the argument that also the UN Security Council is not legibus solutus, therefore its acts may entail the responsibility of the Organization. A problem remains in the implementation of such responsibility.
Źródło:
Polish Yearbook of International Law; 2012, 32; 299-305
0554-498X
Pojawia się w:
Polish Yearbook of International Law
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Sovereignty and the globalization and universalization processes of the contemporary world
Autorzy:
Wierzbicki, Sławomir
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1179323.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN
Tematy:
globalization
international policy
international relations
sovereignty
universalization
Opis:
One of the most characteristic features of the international environment is changeability, in which relations occur between individual its actors. Over the millennia these transformations occurred in different dimensions and levels, as well as in heterogeneous time intervals. Some of them had evolutionary nature and took place gradually, other whereas were more dynamic, often on the basis of sudden changes or revolution, bringing usually a particular kind of implications. In current international reality, relating to all transformations in the world, in a determined way stands out globalization
Źródło:
World Scientific News; 2017, 78; 63-68
2392-2192
Pojawia się w:
World Scientific News
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Local Self-Governments as New Actors in the International Stage. The Scope of the Issue
Autorzy:
Faliński, Stanisław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1977315.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-12-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
local self-governance
international cooperation
international stage
Opis:
The aim of the article is to present, in a short and a synthetic form, self-governments as new actors on the international arena. Discussed are the genesis and the development of this new international activities being undertaken by local residential areas such as the “twinning movement” and the programme for establishing “sister cities”. Briefly described are the key international organizations focused on the local self-governance. Discussed is also, in a relative detail, is the cooperation of the Polish self-governance entities with local self-governance partners within the international sphere. The author concludes by attempting to define the scope and importance of the international cooperation of local self-governance entities in general and its impact on the individual participating partners.
Źródło:
Polish Political Science Yearbook; 2019, 4 (48); 559-571
0208-7375
Pojawia się w:
Polish Political Science Yearbook
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
THE POWER OF NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS IN INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY
Autorzy:
Ivan, Majchút,
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/891092.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018-08-22
Wydawca:
Wyższa Szkoła Bezpieczeństwa Publicznego i Indywidualnego Apeiron w Krakowie
Tematy:
Non-governmental organizations
international society
international relations
Opis:
This paper examines the issue of transnational NGOs’ power with a view to identifying the limits of ongoing debates and critiquing some of the assumptions underpinning them. There is an overview of aspects of the non-governmental sector which have become more influential in recent years and how recent changes in the global distribution of power are challenging the understandings of legitimacy in international relations. Building on this, then focuses on the issue of transnational NGOs’ positions in global order. Two core focuses are identified – governments and private corporations.
Źródło:
Kultura Bezpieczeństwa. Nauka – Praktyka – Refleksje; 2014, 15; 170-176
2299-4033
Pojawia się w:
Kultura Bezpieczeństwa. Nauka – Praktyka – Refleksje
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
WPŁYW POLSKIEGO KOMPONENTU AEGIS ASHORE NA RELACJE Z USA I NATO JAKO DETERMINANTA BEZPIECZEŃSTWA MIĘDZYNARODOWEGO
THE IMPACT OF THE AEGIS ASHORE SITE IN POLAND ON RELATIONS WITH THE USA AND NATO AS AN INTERNATIONAL SECURITY DETERMINANT
Autorzy:
Murat-Bors, Aleksandra
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/512807.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Rzeszowski. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego
Tematy:
international security
missile defence
NATO
international relations
Opis:
The proliferation of nuclear weapons and ballistic missiles combined with the growing threat from „rogue states” are the premises leading to the inevitable development of the missile defence strategy. The Aegis Ashore component based in Poland aims to protect American allies and resources in the European region from the growing rocket threat. The program, which was also included in the NATO Ballistic Missile Defence, is undoubtedly of great importance for international security. The article contains a presentation of the nature and purpose of the BMDS and presents the impact that the project has on Poland's relations with the United States and the NATO. It presents possible present and future implications for international security.
Źródło:
Polityka i Społeczeństwo; 2019, 17, 2; 116-128 (13)
1732-9639
Pojawia się w:
Polityka i Społeczeństwo
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Przegląd orzeczeń i decyzji Międzynarodowego Trybunału Karnego (czerwiec – grudzień 2018 r.)
Review of case of law of the International Criminal Court
Autorzy:
Gacka, Patryk
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/498791.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Fundacja im. Aliny i Leszka Allerhandów
Tematy:
International Criminal Court
transgenerational harm
international jurisdiction
Opis:
This is a review of cases of the International Criminal Court. The first part contains introductory information about the ICC, its organization and cognition. The ICC’s case law from 2018 was reviewed, including the following cases: The Prosecutor v. Germain Katanga, Decision on the Matter of the Transgenerational Harm Alleged by Some Applicants for Reparations Remanded by the Appeals Chamber in its Judgment of 8 March 2018 (ICC-01/04-01/07) of 19 July 2018 and Request under regulation 46(3) of the Regulations of the Court, Decision on the „Prosecution’s Request for a Ruling on Jurisdiction under Article 19(3) of the Statute (ICC-RoC46(3)-01/18) of 6 September 2018 r.”
Źródło:
Głos Prawa. Przegląd Prawniczy Allerhanda; 2018, 1, 1-2; 123-129
2657-7984
2657-800X
Pojawia się w:
Głos Prawa. Przegląd Prawniczy Allerhanda
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wpływ egipskiej Arabskiej Wiosny na strategię bezpieczeństwa USA
US Defence Strategy after Arab Spring in Egypt
Autorzy:
Milczanowski, Maciej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/506015.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Krakowska Akademia im. Andrzeja Frycza Modrzewskiego
Tematy:
Arab Spring
US international policy
international security
Opis:
A relation between USA and Egypt are especially important in the scope of the security and stabilization process in Middle East and reflects on the whole world. According to the deep changes in many countries of Middle East and North Africa, started by the Arab Spring at the beginning of 2011, US policy had to transform, and have to be adjusted to the new circumstances and Egypt is particular important for the USA interests in the area. To achieve this, a deep analysis of the situation in Egypt is needed and also clear picture of the real stance of the main powers in this country. The situation when USA bases only on the support of the despotic rulers or just the leading parties is not acceptable for the future relations between USA and Egypt. If Americans wants to keep it’s influence on the Middle East, the new policy of dialogue, partner relations and respecting peoples will is have to be introduced.
Źródło:
Krakowskie Studia Międzynarodowe; 2013, 3; 35-51
1733-2680
2451-0610
Pojawia się w:
Krakowskie Studia Międzynarodowe
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Discussing Changes in Contemporary International Relations The 9th Polish Conference on International Relations: 2017 – a Year of a Change. Toruń, (2 June, 2017), Faculty of Political Science and International Studies, Nicolaus Copernicus University
Autorzy:
Dahl, Michał
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/594877.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
conference report
international relations
international studies
OZIS
Opis:
The paper reports the 9th Polish Conference on International Relations: 2017 – a Year of a Change organized by the Faculty of Political Science and International Studies at Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń on June 2, 2017. It presents not only the scope and process of this years’ conference but also briefly describes the idea of annual meetings of young Polish scholars interested in widely understood international relations. The conference report presents accompanying events of the conference, which gave its ninth edition unique atmosphere. It also points out the way this years’ conference contributed to the unification of the community of students and PhD students in Poland who are researching a variety of subjects related to international relations.
Źródło:
Polish Political Science Yearbook; 2018, 1 (47); 126-129
0208-7375
Pojawia się w:
Polish Political Science Yearbook
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
International marketing communication - cultural context
Autorzy:
Hirsch, D.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/212714.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Lotnictwa
Tematy:
international marketing communication
intercultural competence
international marketing
Opis:
Every year thousands of products and services are introduced to foreign markets. Countless marketing actions with an international reach are taken. Up to 85% of these actions fail, in most cases due to misunderstandings with an intercultural background. The illusion of a world without boundaries made many companies and organizations disregard the role of intercultural differences in course of their international actions. As a result, the achieved results are in many cases far from expectations. These experiences have shown that taking all sorts of commercial actions (and not only) with an international reach, it is necessary to pay particular attention to the existing cultural differences in order to achieve success in the implementation of the planned strategy. The goal of this amele is to show in what way cultural factors can determine decisions in international marketing. Particular attention is devoted to the decisions associated with marketing communication, that is, the way in which cultural factors influence our preferences concerning the style of communication and what two basic styles are distinguished within intercultural communication. On the basis of particular examples it will be shown on the one hand in what ways these styles are visible in various forms of marketing messages coming from various countries. On the other hand it will also be shown in what way these messages reflect (very often unwittingly) the culture and the system of values of an organization of the place were the messages originated. Before we start discussing the above-mentioned issues, the basic assumptions of the cultural marketing, as well as the term of culture, its models and dimensions will be presented.
Źródło:
Prace Instytutu Lotnictwa; 2012, 5 (226); 157-170
0509-6669
2300-5408
Pojawia się w:
Prace Instytutu Lotnictwa
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Opinia w sprawie prawnych aspektów aktywności międzynarodowej województw, zawieranych przez nie umów i porozumień oraz kompetencji Ministra Spraw Zagranicznych i Ministra Spraw Wewnętrznych
Opinion on the legal aspects of international activity of provinces, agreements and arrangements concluded by them as well as the competencies of the Minister of Foreign Affairs and the Minister of Internal Affairs
Autorzy:
Mik, Cezary
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/11869788.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Kancelaria Sejmu. Biuro Analiz Sejmowych
Tematy:
international cooperation
international agreement
province
foreign policy
Opis:
The opinion deals with the legal status of international arrangements concluded by Polish provinces (voivodships). These arrangements, according to the author, are not international agreements, as – under the Constitution of the Republic of Poland – provinces do not have competence to conclude such agreements. Provinces are only allowed to join international association of local communities that are not international organizations.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS; 2013, 2(38); 187-202
1896-9852
2082-064X
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Polish Practice Regarding the Promulgation of International Agreements between 1945 and 2017
Autorzy:
Wierczyński, Grzegorz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/706603.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017-09-01
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Tematy:
promulgation
international agreement
Polish practice
international law
Opis:
This article presents the Polish practice of promulgation of international agreements since the end of World War II. It shows that the practice is at variance with the law and makes it difficult to determine the current legal situation vis-à-vis international agreements in Poland. In the conclusions the author puts forward de lege ferenda proposals which could improve the Polish promulgation practice.
Źródło:
Polish Yearbook of International Law; 2016, 36; 257-266
0554-498X
Pojawia się w:
Polish Yearbook of International Law
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Międzynarodowe regulacje prawne dotyczące cyberprzestrzeni
Autorzy:
Wąsik, Krzysztof
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/20311661.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023-10-31
Wydawca:
Akademia Sztuki Wojennej
Tematy:
cyberspace
cyber security
international law
international organizations
Opis:
This article aims to present the different approaches of countries around the world regarding the legal regulations of cyberspace. The creation of a unified legal system for cyberspace will be a difficult process due to major conflicts of interest. International organizations such as the EU and NATO, which bring together countries that have a similar vision of the world and how it should function, contribute to the unification of legal norms governing cyberspace in specific countries. On the other hand, vague initiatives of the world’s largest organization – the UN as well as the lack of implementation of newly adopted regulations by all member countries, unfortunately slow down the fight against cyberterrorism and cybercrimes that are transnational in nature. All countries around the world are increasing financial investment in improving information networks, creating new institutions to combat threats in the digital space and adapting laws to a dynamically changing world.
Źródło:
Cybersecurity and Law; 2023, 10, 2; 133-155
2658-1493
Pojawia się w:
Cybersecurity and Law
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Adaptation Of International Environmental Policy To The National Environmental Policy Of Ukraine Composition, Path Criteria
Autorzy:
Kniazieva, Tetiana V.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/476313.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Wyższa Szkoła Ekonomiczno-Humanistyczna w Bielsku-Białej
Tematy:
international Environmental Policy (IEP)
criteria of IEP
international regional eco-policy
international global eco-policy
international environmental safety
Opis:
In the article considered conditions substantiation of criteria database: immutability legal procedures, the development of legislative support for the implementation of international environmental policy is towards the implementation of the Association Agreement between Ukraine and the EU, the advantage of economic instruments implementation of international environmental policy given incentive and motivating methods, criteria should be formalized and subject monitoring the effectiveness of their performance criteria justified solely for the purposes of international environmental policy, that is, taking into account the specifics of this activity, in other words, the criteria for the claims of uniqueness and commensuration. The international mechanism to implement environmental policy is one of the key elements and components of international environmental policy, in particular, it relies on the solution of international controversies and improving procedures for the implementation of environmental policies at the international level through the institutions and agreements, through monitoring and elements of economic mechanism oriented issues, such as considering multiple stakeholders interstate level or at the level of competence of state bodies or non-governmental or multinational businesses.
Źródło:
MIND Journal; 2016, 1; 1-12
2451-4454
Pojawia się w:
MIND Journal
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
International and Municipal Law before the World Court: One or Two Legal Orders?
Autorzy:
Tomka, Peter
Howley, Jessica
Proulx, Vincent-Joël
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/706919.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016-07-26
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Tematy:
International Court of Justice
Permanent Court of International Justice
international courts
international tribunals
international law
domestic law
monism
dualism
judicial interpretation
sources
evidence
Opis:
This article provides an overview of the approach taken by the International Court of Justice and its predecessor, the Permanent Court of International Justice, to questions of municipal law. Beginning with an outline of the theoretical framework, it discusses the conventional position that domestic law is a factual issue for the Court, before considering the ways in which the two Courts have utilised municipal law. It also considers to what extent the Court employs domestic law in ascertaining international legal rules.
Źródło:
Polish Yearbook of International Law; 2015, 35; 11-46
0554-498X
Pojawia się w:
Polish Yearbook of International Law
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Role of the International Monetary Fund in the Post-War Reconstruction of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Autorzy:
Aćić, Marko
Grujić, Miloš
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/30145841.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Szczeciński. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Szczecińskiego
Tematy:
international organizations
international financial institutions
International Monetary Fund
project financing
stand-by arrangements
Opis:
The specifics of international organizations stated in the paper contain a particular reference to global financial institutions. It refers to the support of the development of countries in transition. It also states their reconstruction under the patronage of subjects of international law. The authors indicate the importance of the foundation and historical development of international financial institutions, especially the International Monetary Fund, along with its connection with its growing influence in the field of project financing, both regionally and globally. In the second part of the paper, the focus is on the participation of the International Monetary Fund in the reconstruction and revitalization of Bosnia and Herzegovina from the end of the war conflicts in 1995 until today. The comparative review points to the most significant areas that had the support of the International Monetary Fund in the financing of projects but also draws attention to the political side of this support through the imposition of conditions for financial resources to be approved. Through an overview of stand-by arrangements, the authors analyze the connection between the approval of projects by international financial organizations and their relation with the insistence on the implementation of specific reforms in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Źródło:
Acta Politica Polonica; 2023, 55; 73-85
2451-0432
2719-4388
Pojawia się w:
Acta Politica Polonica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia
Autorzy:
Bicz, Karolina
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1861667.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Wyższa Szkoła Bezpieczeństwa Publicznego i Indywidualnego Apeiron w Krakowie
Tematy:
International Criminal Tribunal
international law
structure of ICTY
war in Yugoslavia
international trial
Opis:
The article presents the activities of the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia. The text is divided into the following chapters: Genesis of the establishment of the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia, activities and structure of the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia, the hearing before the Court, the practical activities of the ICTY. The Author described situation of Serbia and relations between Serbia and European Union. This example shows the meaning of the meaning of the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia. The objective of the article was to discuss the structure and activities of the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia and to present the thesis that the establishment of CTY was the right decision.
Źródło:
Security Dimensions; 2016, 19(19); 184-195
2353-7000
Pojawia się w:
Security Dimensions
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Book review: Piotr Szwedo, Cross-border Water Trade: Legal and Interdisciplinary Perspectives, Brill Nijhoff, Leiden, Boston: 2018
Autorzy:
Winkiel-Skóra, Agata Helena
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/706622.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-09-01
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Tematy:
book review
international law of water resources
international trade law
international environmental law
Opis:
Review of a book: Piotr Szwedo, Cross-border Water Trade: Legal and Interdisciplinary Perspectives, Brill Nijhoff, Leiden, Boston: 2018
Źródło:
Polish Yearbook of International Law; 2018, 38; 300-302
0554-498X
Pojawia się w:
Polish Yearbook of International Law
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Public international law with regard to the social consequences of the development of genetics
Autorzy:
Kwiatkowski, Paweł
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/684944.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
public international law
international bioethics law
new genetics
Opis:
The extension of international instruments in the field of human rights to embrace a bioethical perspective constitutes a response from international organisations to the social consequences of the development of genetics. These initiatives led in turn to the formation of universal norms of a declarative nature, as well as legally binding norms for the states of the Council of Europe. The author focuses on the basic principles of: the Universal Declaration on the Human Genome and Human Rights, the International Declaration on Human Genetic Data, the Universal Declaration on Bioethics and the Human Rights United Nations Declaration on Human Cloning, and the Convention on Human Rights and Biomedicine – presenting the foundations of international bioethics law with regard to the social consequences of the development of genetics.
Źródło:
Adam Mickiewicz University Law Review; 2016, 6; 61-75
2450-0976
Pojawia się w:
Adam Mickiewicz University Law Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Odpowiedzialność osób zarządzających w transnarodowych korporacjach w prawie karnym – aspekty międzynarodowe i transnarodowe
Liability of Directors of Transnational Corporations under Criminal Law in the International and Transnational Context
Autorzy:
Boczek, Kamil
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/782397.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego
Tematy:
transnational corporation
International Criminal Court
contribution
international accountability
Opis:
Owing to increasing globalisation, transnational corporations play an important role in international trade. Those wealthy and very complex entities have a major impact on reality and often engage in activities which involve illegal practices such as the environmental pollution, forced labour and other serious infringement of employees’ right or even crimes against humanity. Carrying on business which is primarily profit-oriented may result in violations of fundamental human rights, if this is required for a corporation to financially exploit a business opportunity. It is difficult in practice to hold these entities and their corporate directors to account. Regulations regarding criminal responsibility of managers of transnational corporations can be found in national and international laws. However, criminal proceedings do not give satisfactory results. The main problem lies in powers, flexibility and close links of those corporations with local authorities. The paper points to different solutions applied throughout the world, and describes the best-known criminal proceedings against corporate managers.
Źródło:
Problemy Prawa Karnego; 2020, 30, 4; 75-96
0208-5577
2353-9712
Pojawia się w:
Problemy Prawa Karnego
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Broken Europe. The International Order in Central and Eastern Europe
Autorzy:
Pietraś, Marek
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2023484.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012-12-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
international relations theory
East-Central Europe
international relations
Opis:
After the collapse of the bipolar international system, a new line of “soft” division in Europe has been established in East-Central Europe. The article seeks to verify the hypothesis that Central and Eastern Europe is an international relations area but is not a cohesive, tightly-knit region united by common institutions, historical experience and the resulting awareness of a separate identity and a sense of community vis-à-vis the external world whereas the international order herein is a dynamic process undergoing evolution. Despite the passage of over twenty years since the collapse of the bipolar system, this process has not yet been completed.
Źródło:
Polish Political Science Yearbook; 2012, 41; 62-97
0208-7375
Pojawia się w:
Polish Political Science Yearbook
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Military Force in Contemporary Political Reality
Autorzy:
Piątek, Jarosław J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2031549.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015-12-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
international security
modern warfare
national security
international relations
Opis:
For the purposes of this article it has been assumed that the army should not become an autonomous constituent of the state’s structure, since this would pose a threat of taking over a dominant position by this specific formation. The aim of the article is to analyze the modification of the reasons for the outbreak of war, and the means of conducting it. The ongoing changes in the security environment, both in national and worldwide scale, as well as the proceeding national interests of our country imply increasingly advanced tasks for the army and considerably extend their range. The process of transformation in the Polish army is being continued. Further changes are targeted at increasing operational capability in order to enable efficient accomplishment of domestic tasks and performing missions outside its borders. In the contemporary international reality there is a prevailing conviction, that the threat of the outbreak of a global-scale war is rather unlikely. However, other jeopardies and risks have recently come to the fore.
Źródło:
Reality of Politics; 2015, 6; 44-59
2082-3959
Pojawia się w:
Reality of Politics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Rozwiązywanie sporów wynikających z Inicjatywy Pasa i Szlaku
Solving BRI-related Disputes
Autorzy:
Łągiewska, Magdalena
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2046595.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-12-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
BRI
international disputes
dispute resolution
international commercial arbitration
Opis:
The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) is an international project involving many countries around the world. The economic development and the implementation of new infrastructural and investment projects have been giving rise to a growing number of cross-border disputes. To meet these challenges China has created specialized entities, competent to solve disputes arising from the BRI. The aim of this article is therefore to identify? the latest trends in this area and to assess whether the Chinese solutions and proposed dispute resolution methods will permanently change the global landscape.
Źródło:
Azja-Pacyfik; 2021, XXIV; 29-37
1643-692X
Pojawia się w:
Azja-Pacyfik
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
THE LEGITIMACY OF TRANSNATIONAL NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS
Autorzy:
Ivan, Majchút,
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/891108.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018-08-21
Wydawca:
Wyższa Szkoła Bezpieczeństwa Publicznego i Indywidualnego Apeiron w Krakowie
Tematy:
Non-governmental organizations
international society
international relations
legitimacy
Opis:
This paper addresses the legitimacy issue of transnational non-governmental organizations. The sources of legitimacy are identified and analyzed and the focus is given on those which are most frequently used by transnational non-governmental organizations. Arguments and counterarguments which dispute this legitimacy are also identified. Emphasis is given on the discrepancy of social and normative concept of transnational nongovernmental organizations legitimacy, because the tendency to consider them under the legitimacy of liberal democratic states as constitutionally defined institutions still persists.
Źródło:
Kultura Bezpieczeństwa. Nauka – Praktyka – Refleksje; 2014, 16; 259-267
2299-4033
Pojawia się w:
Kultura Bezpieczeństwa. Nauka – Praktyka – Refleksje
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
New International Order - Analysis of Trends and Alternatives of Future Visions in International Conflicts
Autorzy:
Wizimirska, Klaudia
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/699368.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
international conflicts
armed conflicts
international relations
cultural studies
Opis:
Currently, when the world is no longer divided into two political-military blocks, local conflicts have ceased to be a surrogate training ground of rivalry between two superpowers. In most cases, they do not therefore constitute a direct threat to the world peace. Although, after the collapse of the Eastern bloc, local conflicts have lost their strategic dimension, we still have to deal with increasing number of new trends among the conflicts in the world. They cause political instability in various regions and bring substantial suffering to the people, and death, famine and epidemics. Their development brings new challenges, and thus the new visions of the future of the world around us.
Źródło:
Journal of Applied Cultural Studies; 2016, 2
2392-0661
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Applied Cultural Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Book review: M. Ruffert, C. Walter, Institutionalised International Law, C.H. Beck, Hart Publishing, Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft, Baden Baden: 2015
Autorzy:
Krzan, Bartłomiej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/706865.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017-09-01
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Tematy:
book review
law of international organisations
international organizations
Opis:
Review of a book: M. Ruffert, C. Walter, Institutionalised International Law, C.H. Beck, Hart Publishing, Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft, Baden Baden: 2015
Źródło:
Polish Yearbook of International Law; 2016, 36; 283-286
0554-498X
Pojawia się w:
Polish Yearbook of International Law
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Koncepcje statusu prawnego Arktyki
The legal status of the Arctic as a concept
Autorzy:
Wojas, Jakub
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/684731.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
international law
international state policy
Arctic legal status
Opis:
The Arctic is a place which generates widespread interest on the international stage. This region, which was seemingly forgotten after the end of the Cold War, has again become a place of great rivalry. The reason for this is primarily the shrinking of the Arctic ice cap, which has opened up the possibility of exploiting the region’s rich natural resources and using new, attractive, maritime routes.The problem which arises in connection with these possibilities is the lack of a specific legal status for this area. Arctic countries, in this case meaning the big five of the Arctic, which are the states which have direct access to the Arctic Sea: Denmark (via Greenland), Canada, Norway, Russia and the United States, have submitted their own proposals for the regulation of the legal regime around the North Pole. The most important issues are considered to be: the concept of sectors, the common heritage of humanity and the rule of law subjecting the Arctic sea. These three issues arise from different periods and though many of their elements are varied, they also have convergent points. It is likely that the status of this strategic area will be based on one of them.
Źródło:
Adam Mickiewicz University Law Review; 2015, 5; 39-53
2450-0976
Pojawia się w:
Adam Mickiewicz University Law Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
On the Judicialisation of International Law
Autorzy:
Wiśniewski, Adam
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/684981.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
public international law
jucicialisation
multiplication of international courts
Opis:
The judicialisation of international law is a relatively recent phenomenon that gained momentum in the 1990s and 2000s. Coupled with the trend towards widespread compulsory jurisdiction, it has been crucial in strengthening the commitment of states to adhere to their international obligations. Another important effect of judicialisation on international law is that at least certain international norms have acquired an “objective” nature, detached from the will of states. This is because the interpretation and application of these norms is no longer dependent solely upon the subjective discretion of states, but is subject to consideration and examination by independent judicial bodies. The process of judicialisation, while contributing to the international rule of law, has undoubtedly changed the face of international law a great deal as a result of some other factors. The multiplication of international courts has led to the expansion of the judicial institutional layer, making international law less horizontal. Also, as a result of the growing case-law of these courts, the system of international law is becoming more complex and developed, and thus also more mature. The natural aspect of the judicial function is the development of international law. Despite the problems and risks involved, the proliferation of international courts and tribunals can be perceived as one of the important components of the dynamic transformation of international law during the recent decades.
Źródło:
Adam Mickiewicz University Law Review; 2017, 7; 37-53
2450-0976
Pojawia się w:
Adam Mickiewicz University Law Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
International Strategy as the Facilitator of the Speed, Scope, and Scale of Firms’ Internationalization
Autorzy:
Głodowska, Agnieszka
Pera, Bożena
Wach, Krzysztof
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1810505.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-12-02
Wydawca:
Akademia Leona Koźmińskiego w Warszawie
Tematy:
strategy
international strategy
international business
internationalization of firms
Opis:
Purpose: Strategy determines the patterns of internationalization. The speed, scale, and scope of internationalization are important dimensions from the perspective of firms’ behaviors and activ ities. The aim of the article is to identify and verify the relationship between the international strategy and its impact on three dimensions of the studied phenomenon. Methodology: The article uses a quantitative approach. The survey was conducted on a sample of 355 internationalized firms from Poland, varying in size. Findings: The analysis with t test and U test (ANOVA) shows a correlation between a company’s international strategy as a planning instrument and the speed and scope of internationalization. Research limitations/implications: While considering a firm’s development, especially its inter national growth, one should plan the activities related to entering into foreign markets. The results presented in this article are just a starting point for further analyses. In an attempt to eliminate its limitations, further research should focus on building a comprehensive model that includes the remaining components of international strategy and other categories that stimulate international ization processes. Originality: The originality of this article lies in three elements: (i) the article comprehensively captures the scale, scope, and speed of internationalization at the same time, (ii) the strategy is introduced as a determining factor of the scale, scope, and speed of internationalization, and (iii) the article enriches empirical studies about emerging markets such as Poland.
Źródło:
Central European Management Journal; 2019, 27(3); 55-84
2658-0845
2658-2430
Pojawia się w:
Central European Management Journal
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Relations between the European Union and the United Nations – Considerations in the Context of International Security against the Case of Ahmed Ali Yusuf and Al Barakaat International Foundation
Autorzy:
Cała-Wacinkiewicz, Ewelina
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2032308.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013-12-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
International Relations
International Security
United Nations
European Union
Opis:
The actions indicated above and taken by the United Nations and the European Union (in spite of their different international law status) argue that objectives attributed to international organisations are not only postulates, but a basis for actions taken specifically, both in the legal and actual dimension. Therefore, the main research objective adopted for this study was to bring them closer, with particular emphasis on the UN and the EU joint actions for international security. Due to the complexity and multifaceted nature of the discussed subject matter of these considerations, they will be confined to the T-306/01 Ahmed Ali Yusuf and Al Barakaat International Foundation case recognized by the EU Court of First Instance. In there, as in a lens, interrelationships between the international organisations in questions are concentrated; and not only in terms of international cooperation, but, more importantly, in terms of the principle of the primacy of the United Nations law over other legal regimes.
Źródło:
Reality of Politics; 2013, 4; 11-28
2082-3959
Pojawia się w:
Reality of Politics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A Contribution to the Deliberations on the Relationships Between International Law and Roman Law
Autorzy:
Winiarski, Bohdan
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2027957.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-06-15
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
roman law
public international law
international water law
Opis:
The paper is an English translation of Przyczynek do rozważań nad stosunkiem prawa międzynarodowego do prawa rzymskiego by Bohdan Winiarski, published originally in Polish in “Ruch Prawniczy, Ekonomiczny i Socjologiczny” in 1934. The text is published as a part of a jubilee edition of the “Adam Mickiewicz University Law Review. 100th Anniversary of the Department of Public International Law” devoted to the achievements of the representatives of the Poznań studies on international law.
Źródło:
Adam Mickiewicz University Law Review; 2021, 12; 15-33
2450-0976
Pojawia się w:
Adam Mickiewicz University Law Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Polityka Szwajcarii wobec Unii Europejskiej
Autorzy:
Żejmo, Marek
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2028706.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014-12-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
Switzerland
European Union
integration
international politics
international organizations
Opis:
Despite the fact that Switzerland does not formally belong to the European Union, it has always been strongly associated with the above organization at various levels. At first, after World War II, the contact was established with considerable caution which resulted from economic and trade contacts of Swiss government with Germany and Italy maintained during the war. First international contracts were related to the economic sphere and later on expanded by addressing the sphere of social issues such as legal system, culture, charity, science and education. At present, due to bilateral agreements, Switzerland has been integrated with the European Union even more than its newest Member States, i.e. Bulgaria, Romania and Croatia, which confirms the significant flexibility of this Community as well as its great possibility to adapt to each of its Members. According to the Swiss, the greatest obstacle preventing this country from joining the EU is the upholding principle of eternal neutrality, although the importance of which has decreased over the years, it has been deeply rooted in Swiss mentality. Moreover, another factor preventing Switzerland from joining the EU is its strong economy as Swiss membership would result in the need to pay relatively higher contributions than that of other Member States of the Community. Although the contacts between the EU and Switzerland have been significantly intensified, the prospect of membership still seems relatively remote, all the more as bilateral agreements as well as participation in the Schengen area since 2008 make both parties satisfied and for now none of them intends to seek new solutions.
Źródło:
Krakowskie Studia Małopolskie; 2014, 19; 144-165
1643-6911
Pojawia się w:
Krakowskie Studia Małopolskie
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
INTERNATIONAL CRIMES WITHIN THE JURISDICTION OF INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL COURTS AND TRIBUNALS
PRZESTĘPSTWA MIĘDZYNARODOWE PODLEGAJĄCE ROZPOZNANIU PRZEZ MIĘDZYNARODOWE TRYBUNAŁY KARNE
Autorzy:
Olesiuk-Okomska, Magda
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/567847.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017-12
Wydawca:
Międzynarodowy Instytut Innowacji Nauka – Edukacja – Rozwój w Warszawie
Tematy:
zbrodnie międzynarodowe
przestępstwa międzynarodowe
międzynarodowe trybunały karne
międzynarodowe sądy karne
international crimes
international offences
international criminal tribunals
international criminal courts
jurisdiction of international criminal courts
Opis:
Chociaż tradycyjnie odpowiedzialność w prawie międzynarodowym należała do państw, wraz z zaangażowaniem się jednostek w konflikty między państwami i dopuszczaniem się przez nie zbrodni na masową skalę, pojawiła się potrzeba kryminalizacji takich czynów i pociągnięcia do odpowiedzialności karnej sprawców najpoważniejszych naruszeń prawa międzynarodowego. Właśnie z potrzeby urzeczywistnienia idei sprawiedliwości na arenie międzynarodowej, ustanowiono międzynarodowe trybunały karne. Rozwój międzynarodowego sądownictwa karnego odzwierciedla różnice m. in. w podejściu do kwestii jurysdykcji przedmiotowej wykonywanej przez poszczególne trybunały. Celem niniejszego opracowania jest wskazanie i omówienie przestępstw międzynarodowych podlegających rozpoznaniu przez międzynarodowe trybunały karne. Przedstawiono typologię międzynarodowych trybunałów karnych i wskazano najważniejsze z nich. Omówiono jurysdykcję przedmiotową Międzynarodowego Trybunału Wojskowego w Norymberdze i Międzynarodowego Trybunału Wojskowego dla Dalekiego Wschodu w Tokio, jako pierwszych trybunałów międzynarodowych powołanych do osądzenia przestępców wojennych, oraz Międzynarodowego Trybunału Karnego, jedynego stałego organu w systemie międzynarodowego sądownictwa karnego, posiadającego jurysdykcję uniwersalną. Omówiono także cztery kategorie najpoważniejszych zbrodni wagi międzynarodowej i zasygnalizowano istniejące wątpliwości odnośnie jurysdykcji przedmiotowej Międzynarodowego Trybunału Karnego, jak i szerzej – jego funkcjonowania
Although in international law responsibility traditionally had belonged to states, along with involvement of individuals in conflicts between states and committing by them crimes on a massive scale, a need to criminalize such acts and to bring offenders guilty of the most serious violations of international law to justice - arose. Establishment of international criminal courts resulted from the need to fulfill internationally the idea of justice. Development of international criminal courts reflects differences in inter alia attitude towards ratione materiae of particular courts and tribunals. The purpose of this article is to present and discuss international crimes within the jurisdiction of international criminal courts and tribunals. A typology of international criminal courts was indicated and the most important courts and tribunals were presented in detail. The paper discusses subject jurisdiction of International Military Court in Nuremberg and International Military Tribunal for the Far East in Tokio, the first international courts established to bring war criminals to justice; as well as the subject jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court, the only permanent court in international criminal court system, having universal jurisdiction. Four categories of the most serious crimes of international concern were considered, and doubts concerning subject jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court, as well as its functioning in general, were signalized.
Źródło:
International Journal of Legal Studies (IJOLS); 2017, 2(2); 73-86
2543-7097
2544-9478
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Legal Studies (IJOLS)
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Diplomacy in the context of international security – retrospection and present day
Dyplomacja w kontekście bezpieczeństwa międzynarodowego – retrospekcja i współczesność
Autorzy:
Kroczak, Martyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/29551606.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Akademia Wojsk Lądowych imienia generała Tadeusza Kościuszki
Tematy:
diplomacy
international security
international relations
international organisation
dyplomacja
bezpieczeństwo międzynarodowe
stosunki międzynarodowe
organizacja międzynarodowa
Opis:
The research conducted for this article aimed to explore the development of diplomacy (the research subject) over the years in the context of its influence on international security. The paper characterizes diplomacy and explores its development, including examples of international security activities undertaken by the international community applying diplomacy. The analysis of Polish and foreign literature sources and domestic and international law acts, with the use of content analysis technique, was employed as a research method.
Celem badań prowadzonych na potrzeby artykułu była eksploracja rozwoju dyplomacji (stanowiącej przedmiot badań) na przestrzeni lat w kontekście jej wpływu na bezpieczeństwo międzynarodowe. W artykule dokonano charakterystyki pojęcia dyplomacji oraz eksploracji jej rozwoju wraz ze wskazaniem przykładów podejmowanych z jej wykorzystaniem przez społeczność międzynarodową działań w obszarze bezpieczeństwa międzynarodowego. Jako metodę badawczą wykorzystano analizę polskich i zagranicznych źródeł literaturowych oraz aktów prawa krajowego i międzynarodowego, z zastosowaniem techniki analizy treści.
Źródło:
Scientific Journal of the Military University of Land Forces; 2022, 54, 4(206); 591-608
2544-7122
2545-0719
Pojawia się w:
Scientific Journal of the Military University of Land Forces
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
EFEKTYWNOŚĆ MIĘDZYNARODOWYCH REŻIMÓW NIEPROLIFERACJI BRONI BIOLOGICZNEJ I CHEMICZNEJ
THE EFFICIENCY OF INTERNATIONAL BIOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL WEAPONS NON-PROLIFERATION REGIMES
Autorzy:
Stempień, Marta
Tołwiński, Maciej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/513469.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Rzeszowski. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego
Tematy:
non-proliferation
international agreements
international control
dis-armament
biological weapons
chemical weapons
international regimes
Opis:
International non-proliferation regimes will only be effective when the efforts of the signatories of international agreements, regional or bilateral will be increased, because declarative expression of support for the various forms of initiatives of the international community often end up at this level, as shown by the cases of chemical weapons use in the Syrian Civil War. The main aim of this article is to show the management problems of global non-proliferation regimes of biological and chemical weapons. The authors made a comparative analysis of two non-proliferation regimes. This combination helped to achieve the second objective of the article, which is to identify the major challenges and threats generated by these regimes, which allowed the formulation of the conclusion that in order to strengthen them, the international community must take comprehensive action, including reducing the threat of terrorist organizations.
Źródło:
Polityka i Społeczeństwo; 2015, 13, 4; 115-133 (19)
1732-9639
Pojawia się w:
Polityka i Społeczeństwo
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Role międzynarodowe państwa średniego – aspekty teoretyczne
International roles of medium-sized state – theoretical aspects
Autorzy:
Zając, Justyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/506119.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Krakowska Akademia im. Andrzeja Frycza Modrzewskiego
Tematy:
international roles theory
state’s international identity
state’s international position
medium-sized state
Opis:
Each state plays international roles, that are determined by the internal and international factors. Amongst them two are crucial: the state’s international position and its international identity. The international role of a state is a dynamic expression of its position, provided the state uses that position actively. A state’s potential is very important and is a function of internal factors: its geographical environment in the wide sense; its population potential; its economic, scientific, and technical potential; and its military potential. Political, historical and cultural factors, however, are also significant. The perception of a state by other actors on the international stage is also a very important factor in that state’s international position and, in consequence, for its international roles. It is closely related to the state’s international identity, i.e., the state’s self-perception on the basis of its sense of distinctness in relation to others and the traits ascribed to it by other states. The ‘international identity’ of a state is made up of its ‘internal identity’, which determines the cohesiveness of its component parts, and its ‘external identity’, which constitutes its distinctiveness in relation to other states. International roles of state are subject to various classifications and typologies. The most comprehensive classification based on the following criteria: the subjective criterion, the objective criterion, the spatial criterion, the time criterion the attitude toward international reality criterion the hierarchic criterion the efficiency of role criterion. The effectiveness of international roles is a phenomenon of considerable complexity. It is an unusually difficult task to appraise the effectiveness of a given actor’s role when it is understood as the cost-efficient realization of a goal. First, costs are hard to measure. Second, in today’s interconnected and co-dependent world, a goal could be realized by many entities. I consider that there are three main factors determining the efficiency of roles: 1) the reasonableness of the role’s conception, 2) the ability and consistency involved in performing the role, that is, the degree of its realization, and 3) the level of support for a role by the other actors in international relations, and particularly among those affected by itthe development of their international roles. The thesis of the article is to say that Poland is a medium size state and is limited in These limitations should be taken into account by decision-makers in the formulation of the tasks and goals of Polish foreign policy.
Źródło:
Krakowskie Studia Międzynarodowe; 2013, 4; 15-27
1733-2680
2451-0610
Pojawia się w:
Krakowskie Studia Międzynarodowe
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Lubanga Reparations Decision: A Missed Opportunity?
Autorzy:
Swart, Mia
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/706877.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Tematy:
Lubanga
International Criminal Court
ICC
international law
international criminal law
reparations
war crime
justice
Opis:
In March 2012 the ICC delivered its first and long-awaited judgment in Prosecutor v Lubanga. Trial Chamber I found Thomas Lubanga guilty as co-perpetrator of the war crimes of conscripting and enlisting children into the armed forces. The guilty verdict was followed by a reparations decision on 7 August 2012. This article examines the extent to which the ICC has successfully fulfilled its mandate to formulate reparations principles. The position of reparations within international law generally is discussed. This is followed by an explanation of how the ICC reparation regime functions. The bifurcated reparations mandate of the ICC is also explained. The focus of the article is on a critical assessment of the Lubanga reparations decision. The Court’s treatment of the harm requirement and the requirement of causation is examined. It is argued that the Court’s failure to clarify the requirements of “harm” and “causation” meant that it did not fulfil its mandate to formulate reparations principles.
Źródło:
Polish Yearbook of International Law; 2012, 32; 169-188
0554-498X
Pojawia się w:
Polish Yearbook of International Law
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Empirical Verification of the Occurrence of Lucas Paradox in the Region of Central – Eastern Europe
Autorzy:
Górniak, Agata Maria
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1022972.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-03-31
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
International Economics
International Capital Flows
International Investment
Long-Term Capital Movements
Foreign Direct Investment
Opis:
The purpose of this article is to study the occurrence of the Lucas paradox in the region of Central-Eastern Europe. According to the research conducted by Robert Lucas (1990), the direction of the international capital flows is different than the neoclassical theory suggests. The capital does not flow from the richer, high-income economies to the poorer, but rather stays in those with the higher capital resources or flows to the other ones with similar level of GDP. The paper verifies whether the paradox appears in the region, in the way that it examines the impact of the GDP on the FDI inflows. Additionally, the study implements few basic models with factors that may potentially resolve the puzzle of the capital flows. The study method is based on panel data estimations, initially using pooled OLS, and subsequently using fixed or random effects models as appropriate. The examined economies are the member states of the European Union, from the region of Central-Eastern Europe, and the examined years are 2000-2018. Based on the literature, and the widely emphasized need for differentiating between the types of international capital flows, the article focus is on the foreign direct investment only, as they constitute large part of the whole global capital flows. Results of the research confirm the presence of the paradox in the region in the examined period. Even though the estimation of the additional models helps to remove the effects of the paradox for the region, it does not fully explain under which circumstances the neoclassical theory would be applicable. None of the applied models reverses the sign of the GDP variable to negative, keeping it statistically significant at the same time.
Źródło:
Finanse i Prawo Finansowe; 2021, 1, 29; 7-17
2391-6478
2353-5601
Pojawia się w:
Finanse i Prawo Finansowe
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Rozwój przedsiębiorstw transportowo-spedycyjnych w warunkach międzynarodowych
Development of transport forwarding companies in conditions international
Autorzy:
Topolska, K.
Topolski, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/312837.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Instytut Naukowo-Wydawniczy "SPATIUM"
Tematy:
handel międzynarodowy
spedycja
transport międzynarodowy
umowy międzynarodowe
international trade
freight forwarding
international transport
international agreements
Opis:
W artykule omówione zostały zagadnienia dotyczące spedycji. Przedstawiono obowiązki spedytora międzynarodowego w kontekście handlu zagranicznym, przebieg procesu spedycyjnego. Autor omawiając określone zagadnienia chciał przedstawić znaczenie i rolę spedycji w handlu międzynarodowym. Zostały poruszone aspekty prawne, które umożliwiają wykonywanie międzynarodowych przewozów drogowych. Omówiono najważniejsze kwestie dotyczące zasady polityki transportowej i opłat przewozowych. Na podstawie funkcjonowania wybranego przedsiębiorstwa. zbadano poprzez analizę SWOT/TOWS otoczenie przedsiębiorstwa i dokonano analizy usługi procesu transportowego w kontekście umów międzynarodowych.
The article discusses the issues concerning forwarding. Presents the responsibilities of the international freight forwarder in the context of foreign trade, the process of forwarding. They have raised the legal aspects that allow you to make international road haulage. Discussed key issues concerning the principle of transport and freight charges. On the basis of the operation of the enterprise. examined through the analysis of SWOT / TOWS business environment and analyzes the services of the transport process in the context of international agreements.
Źródło:
Autobusy : technika, eksploatacja, systemy transportowe; 2016, 17, 12; 739-745
1509-5878
2450-7725
Pojawia się w:
Autobusy : technika, eksploatacja, systemy transportowe
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Legal Aspects of Creating a Special International Tribunal for the Crime of Russian Aggression against Ukraine
Autorzy:
Koruts, Uliana
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/16538505.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023-03-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
war
aggression
tribunal
court
criminals
international justice
international organizations
Opis:
The article examines the concept and legal aspects of creating a special international tribunal regarding the crime of the Russian Federation against Ukraine. Although this research topic first emerged after the events of 2014 related to the aggressive actions of the Russian Federation against Ukraine and the annexation of Crimea, scientific interest in the study of this problem increased after the criminal full-scale invasion of Russia on the territory of the sovereign state of Ukraine. The author considers the evolution of creation of select military tribunals, the specifics of their activities, and the established practice of prosecuting the crimes of aggression. Additionally, the analysis focuses on statements regarding the idea of creating a special international tribunal for the Russian Federation for crimes of aggression against Ukraine. It is substantiated that the highest form of international justice in the modern world is a tribunal, as it provides for a public and inevitable punishment and it acts as one of the elements guaranteeing the inviolability of the international legal order at the same time. The creation of a special tribunal for the Russian Federation will be the impetus for new approaches to expand the jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court so that it can prosecute acts of aggression, and Ukraine will serve as an example for responding to aggression. The author determined, the establishment of an international tribunal for the first time is a complex process because it is often necessary to find new and completely original solutions to many legal and practical problems facing the tribunal. Moreover, the sum total of these decisions should provide the basis for a reasonable and universally applicable jurisdiction for future generations, at the same time allowing the tribunal to take into account the social, cultural and historical context of the conflict in question and to reflect this context to some extent in its decisions and practice.
Źródło:
Copernicus Political and Legal Studies; 2023, 5; 11-17
2720-6998
Pojawia się w:
Copernicus Political and Legal Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
INTERNATIONAL COMMERCIAL ARBITRATION FOR FOREIGN INVESTORS: TURKISH CASE
Autorzy:
Baklacı, Pınar Karacan
Akıntürk, Esen
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/450508.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Gdański. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Gdańskiego
Tematy:
International Commercial Arbitration
Turkish International Arbitration Act
Foreign Investors
Opis:
When foreign investors consider investment, the possibility of international commercial arbitration and the recognition and enforcement of foreign arbitral awards in the home country where the investment will take place can be a major factor to effect investment decision. This article aims to discuss the Turkish legal framework, domestic and international, of international commercial arbitration for foreign investors willing to invest in Turkey. In this study, subsequent to the definition of investment and investors in the Turkish law, recognition and enforcement of foreign awards, appeal and setting aside of awards and the possibility of interim measures will be discussed. Special emphasis will be given to the possibility of international commercial arbitration for Build Operate and Transfer Agreements where most of the investments occur.
Źródło:
International Journal of Emerging and Transition Economies (IJETE); 2010, 3, 2; 145-165
1308-2701
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Emerging and Transition Economies (IJETE)
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Odpowiedzialność za naruszenie międzynarodowego prawa humanitarnego przez siły pokojowe Organizacji Narodów Zjednoczonych
The Liability Of The United Nations Peace Operations For Violation Of International Humanitarian Law
Autorzy:
Stochel, Jacek
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/911113.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-03-15
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
International Humanitarian Law
United Nations
Peacekeeping Operations
International Responsibility
Opis:
Operations under the auspices of the Security Council mandate span over 70 years. Repeatedly involved in resolving armed conflicts, they have made a significant contribution to ensuring security and stability around the world. In practice, they have taken the form of operations by individual states, coalitions, other international organizations or simply as United Nations missions composed of contingents provided by Troop Contribution Countries (TCC). While operations under the auspices of the United Nations have been involved on several occasions in offensive activities under Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations, and the question of responsibility for these actions has been the subject of many legal analyses and judgments, missions organized by the United Nations are always recognized as neutral, and their activities as conciliatory and focused on monitoring the cessation of hostilities, or supervising the disengagement between the parties of the conflict, with the use of force limited to self-defence. Thus, such operations benefited from legal protection, and any action against them was considered a violation of international law. The current engagement of United Nations goes far beyond the traditional understanding of peacekeeping operations. UN missions are frequently authorized to employ all necessary means, up to and including the use of lethal force or even neutralization of the armed group. This creates a situation where in the light of International Humanitarian Law, such actions can be recognized as involvement in armed conflict. This article is intended to show the problems that the international community will soon face to in using United Nations’ missions as an instrument for resolving armed conflicts and as a tool for restoring peace and providing stability and securityin the area of operations. It presents the processes of decision-making and subordination, which in some circumstances might result in the United Nations missions being deprived of legal protection and, in addition, made liable for non-compliance with the provisions of International Humanitarian Law.
Źródło:
Studia Prawa Publicznego; 2020, 1, 29; 49-69
2300-3936
Pojawia się w:
Studia Prawa Publicznego
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zacieśnianie współpracy Interpolu z innymi organizacjami międzynarodowymi wobec wzrostu zagrożenia terrorystycznego
Tightening up the Cooperation of Interpol With Other International Organizations in the Face of Increasing Terrorist Menace
Autorzy:
Pałubska, Maria R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/38711490.pdf
Data publikacji:
2005
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II. Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL
Tematy:
Interpol
terroryzm międzynarodowy
organizacje międzynarodowe
international terrorism
international organizations
Opis:
Nowadays the international terrorism is the biggest threat for universal safety which concerns the whole international community. Many international law subjects paid the attention to that fact and it induced them to undertake the proper action in order to unite their power in the fight against this threat. Interpol, as the international police organization, became an initiator of undertaking closer cooperation with other international organizations of both − governmental and non-governmental character. The United Nations Organization is the biggest of them. To them belong also specialized − governmental and non-governmental character. The United Nations Organization is organizations of UN, such as International Atomic Energy Agency – IAEA, International Civil Aviation Organization – ICAO, including its Aviation Security Panel – AVSEC, International Maritime Organization – IMO, World Health Organization – WHO, United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization – UNESCO. Moreover, the close cooperation ties Interpol with such governmental organizations as: Council of Europe, European Police Office – Europol, World Customs Organization – WCO, Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development – OECD, Commonwealth Secretariat, and also Organization of American States – OAS and Organization of African Unity – OAU. That cooperation comes to fruition with numerous anti-terrorist projects which are then realized by every organization within the limits of their statute determined activity profile. There are organized common symposia, consultations or trainings. It is performed between them constant exchange of information, specialized expert's reports and data relating to terrorist criminality. To the catalogue of above-mentioned governmental organizations it should be added such actively supported the Interpol's operations non-governmental organizations, as: International Society of Criminology, International Association of Penal Law, International Society of Social Defence, International Banking Security Organization, International Air Transport Association – IATA, International Federation of Air Line Pilots' Associations – IFALPA, Airports Council International – ACI, World Tourism Organization – WTO and Office for Prevention of International Terrorism – OPIT. They are equally important link in the international cooperation in the fight against terrorism.
Źródło:
Roczniki Wydziału Nauk Prawnych i Ekonomicznych KUL; 2005, 1, 1; 303-319
1896-6365
Pojawia się w:
Roczniki Wydziału Nauk Prawnych i Ekonomicznych KUL
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł

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