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Tytuł:
Mollusks from Pliocene and Pleistocene seep deposits in Leyte, Philippines
Autorzy:
Kiel, S.
Aguilar, Y.M.
Kase, T.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2082228.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Paleobiologii PAN
Tematy:
Gastropoda
Bivalvia
chemosymbiosis
Neogene
Quaternary
Indo-Pacific Ocean
Opis:
We report 44 mollusk species from four Pliocene to Pleistocene seep deposits in Leyte Island, Philippines. The bivalves are represented by 30 species, of which eleven are new (Conchocele majimai, Conchocele visayaensis, Channelaxinus antipoloensis, Dulcina liogliogensis, Dulcina magoi, Elliptiolucina fernandoi, Lucinoma canudai, Lucinoma velosoi, Lucinoma tinagoensis, Lucinoma kosatorea, Archivesica pastori), six are extant species known from the Philippines and surrounding waters (Meganodontia acetabulum, Lucinoma dulcinea, Lucinoma aff. kastoroae, Vesicomya margotae, “Pliocardia” ticaonica, “Pliocardia” indica), and five are extant species known from Japanese waters (Bathymodiolus securiformis, Divalucina soyoae, Archivesica kawamurai, Pliocardia kuroshimana, Elliptiolucina ingens). Remarkable about those latter species is that only a single one of them occurs as fossil in Japan, despite Japan’s rich fossil record of seep communities. This together with the large number of new species with close relatives in Japan suggests that at least part of the modern Japanese vent and seep fauna originated in Philippine waters. More than one third (twelve) of the bivalve species reported here belong to the family Lucinidae, which is also very species-rich in shallow waters around the Philippines. Four new gastropods are described: Margarites hayashii, Vetulonia philippinensis, Cataegis ramosi, and Provanna azurini.
Źródło:
Acta Palaeontologica Polonica; 2020, 65, 3; 589-627
0567-7920
Pojawia się w:
Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Unia Europejska i Indie w najbliższej dekadzie: wzmocnienie strategicznego partnerstwa
The European Union and India in the Next Decade: Enhancing the Strategic Partnership
Autorzy:
Bonikowska, Małgorzata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1038447.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Centrum Europejskie
Tematy:
European Union;
India;
Strategic Partnership;
Indo-Pacific;
Eurasia;
Opis:
European Union and Indian Union signed the cooperation agreement in 1994 and a strategic partnership 10 years later. Europe was feeling safe and secure, which was well-described in 2003 in the European Security Strategy, so the approach to the relations with India stressed their economic aspects. In 2007, both sides have started negotiations of the Free Trade Agreement. They still have not concluded but in the meantime the world has changed dramatically. In the current international “disorder” both India and Europe are looking for new partners and vectors of influence, defending multilateralism and democratic values. The paper analyses 5 factors which severely influence these relations. They can bring both sides closer and make the strategic partnership stronger: Rise of China as a global power, Increase of American-Chinese competition and rivalry, Russia’s coming back to the international game of power, Rise of India as a regional power and global player, the world largest democracy and a counterbalance to China, Brexit and internal dynamics in the EU. The text is based, among others, on research and discussions taken under umbrella of the India–EU Think Tank Twinning Initiative – the project implemented by 10 best European and Indian think tanks.
Źródło:
Studia Europejskie - Studies in European Affairs; 2020, 24, 1; 27-44
1428-149X
2719-3780
Pojawia się w:
Studia Europejskie - Studies in European Affairs
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Why didn’t Nepal Join the Indo-Pacific Strategy (IPS)? A Critical Assessment of Nepal’s Foreign Policy Response to IPS
Autorzy:
Bhattarai, Gaurav
Bista, Prakash
Adhikari, Sudip
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2154704.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-12-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
Indo-Pacific Strategy
Nepal
China
United States
geopolitics
Opis:
The significance of maritime interactions has impacted coastal and landlocked countries. Nepal’s response to the US-led Indo-Pacific Strategy (IPS) signifies the same. For Nepal, crossing seas was culturally associated with sin as an objective to fulfill the isolationist policy adopted until the political change of 1950. As such, Nepal’s interaction with the sea was not so friendly in the past. However, these historical shreds of evidence cannot suffice as the reason behind her denial of joining the IPS. Most of the available literature divulges the sensitive geographical position of Nepal in the context of the rise of China and the projection of a ‘new Cold War’ for its reluctance to join the Indo-Pacific strategy. However, they fail to probe into the domestic intricacies contributing to the hesitation. In this context, this paper primarily tries to dwell upon the actors and factors that have influenced Nepal’s dubiety in joining the Indo-Pacific Strategy. Thus, this paper aims to fulfill two objectives. First, to analyze the role of geographical sensitivity, and second, to scrutinize the domestic interplay of things. As exploratory qualitative research, this study reviews the official documents, agreements, statements, speeches, and reports from think tanks and newspapers to hypothesize that besides external factors there are integral internal elements that have played a part in Nepal’s denial to join the strategic partnership.
Źródło:
Azja-Pacyfik; 2022, XXVI; 27-43
1643-692X
Pojawia się w:
Azja-Pacyfik
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The shape of the international order: the case study of AUKUS
Autorzy:
Uz Zaman, Rashed
Yasmin, Lailufar
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/31343742.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023-07-26
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydział Nauk Politycznych i Studiów Międzynarodowych
Tematy:
AUKUS
Indo-Pacific
Quad
International Order
China's Rise
Opis:
This article argues that in the 21st century, international order has not only become unstable but also shortterm in nature and issue-based, which has led to the emergence of a number of alliances whose functionality can be questioned. A number of alliances are being formed and are in existence but without any clear goals and objectives. This hypothesis is applied to understand the nature of the recently formed AUKUS—Australia, the United Kingdom and the United States’ alliance in the Indo-Pacific region. The paper, taking the framework of international order, argues that AUKUS would be one such alliance that has started with a lot of promises but its fundamental proposition to counter the rise of China in the Indo-Pacific region—although it does not mention the name of the country—is impractical. Given the economic rise of China as well as the example of the Five Eyes (FVEY) of intelligence sharing mechanism of the Anglophone countries formed during the early years of the Cold War, the AUKUS may survive the test of time but it also may exist as an example of the patterns of the current international order—that is another alliance without a clear path. This article also takes into account of the reaction of the Southeast Asian nations and criticisms against AUKUS in Australia. It points out how Australia’s security should be viewed more comprehensively.
Źródło:
Stosunki Międzynarodowe - International Relations; 2021, 57; 180-191
0209-0961
Pojawia się w:
Stosunki Międzynarodowe - International Relations
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
“Remarks on CANZUK”: Theoretical and methodological perspective of research on the post-Brexit Anglosphere
Autorzy:
Szczepański, Jarosław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2170326.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Fundacja Instytut Nauki o Polityce
Tematy:
BREXIT
CANZUK
TTTA
Indo-Pacific
Integration
Post-BREXIT
UK
Opis:
BREXIT, the withdrawal of the United Kingdom from the EU structures has become a turning point in the process of formation of (as it seemed) permanent upranational blocs of economic cooperation. It was the first time that the European Union as a sui generis first in the world supranational organisation was so explicitly questioned as a value in itself. The redefinition of values that took place in the United Kingdom may be connected with a turn towards the part of the “Anglosphere” known as CANZUK. The research hypothesis for the studies announced in this article is that this ideological turnaround will lead to gradual regional integration. The article presents the theoretical and methodological framework for conducting the planned studies, outlines the currently available sources, and maps out the directions for detailed analyses within the singled out research areas. The planned research fits into the area of political and law studies. As regards the first field, analysed will be efforts aimed at consolidating cooperation, and in the future – postulated integration. The research will be carried out from the perspective of Karl Deutsch’s communication theory. The theory emphasises substantiveness of nation states and the need for social integration before political integration, which is also the fundamental assumption underlying the postulates of both the supporters of Brexit, as well as the persons and entities postulating the construction of the CANZUK bloc. With the use of this theoretical perspective it will be possible to complement the research with analyses in the area of contemporary political thought indicating the axiological foundations for the construction of a community in the Anglosphere. In the latter area, analysed will be certain acts of public international law, such as e.g. Trans-Tasman Travel Arrangement. That act may be treated as a model solution as regards constructing an alternative mechanism for the freedom of movement of persons.
Źródło:
Polish Journal of Political Science; 2020, 6, 3; 7-22
2391-3991
Pojawia się w:
Polish Journal of Political Science
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The United States in Indias Strategy in the Indo-Pacific Region Since 2014
Autorzy:
Zajączkowski, Jakub
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2020134.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-12-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
India
strategy
the United States
the Indo-Pacific region
Opis:
The article's objective is to analyze the main assumptions of India's strategy in the Indo-Pacific region and define the role of the US in it. The time frame of the article is determined by the assumption of power in India in 2014 by the Indian People's Party (Bharatiya Janata Party, BJP), led by Prime Minister Narendra Modi, as well as the opening of a new stage of the US-led Indo-Pacific rebalancing strategy, which followed China's initiation in 2013 of its Belt and Road Initiative (previously known as the One Belt One Road project). The article seeks to answer the following main research question: What role has India attributed to the United States in its Indo-Pacific strategy since 2014? It hypothesizes that the United States has assumed an increasingly significant role in India's regional strategy over the past seven years, but not to the extent of a formal alliance, only approaching at best the status of a strategic partnership. The theoretical framework used to analyze the case study of the US role in India's regional strategy is the category of institutional balancing and the assumptions of neoclassical realism. The choice of such research tools was determined by their explanatory value. Moreover, both models complement each other. Bearing the above in mind, the following structure of the article was adopted. The first part presents the general assumption of the analysis and the theoretical framework. The second discusses the evolution of India's approach to the US from 2014 to 2021, indicating the reasons for its change and reconstructing the role of the US in the Indian regional strategy, especially after 2020. The third part draws on the theoretical framework adopted in the article, i.e., the assumptions of institutional balancing and neoclassical realism, to offer conclusions that answer the main research questions.
Źródło:
Polish Political Science Yearbook; 2021, 4 (50); 107-130
0208-7375
Pojawia się w:
Polish Political Science Yearbook
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Indo-French comprehensive bilateral cooperation: A roadmap to Indo-Pacific partnership and beyond
Szeroko zakrojona indyjsko-francuska współpraca dwustronna: Plan działania w ramach Partnerstwa na rzecz parków w regionie Indo-Pacyfiku i nie tylko
Autorzy:
Bharti, M.S.
Kumari, S.
Bharti, S.S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2148667.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Akademia Bialska Nauk Stosowanych im. Jana Pawła II w Białej Podlaskiej
Tematy:
India
France
Indo-Pacific
parks partnership
bilateral cooperation
maritime politics
Opis:
Subject and purpose of work: The purpose of this research is to the assess the Indo-French bilateral cooperation in the Indo-Pacific region. The study aims to identify the main areas of cooperation between India and France. This paper assesses a roadmap for the broader strategy for the „Indo-Pacific Parks Partnership”. Materials and methods: It uses the empirical approach to know to what extent the Indo-French cooperation achieves its goal. Further, this study answers the following research questions to test a hypothesis. What kind of bilateral partnerships are the two countries shaping for deeper comprehensive cooperation? Why is the Indo-Pacific the central part of the Indo-French partnerships? India and France strategically shifted their bilateral partnership towards the Pacific and Indian Ocean regions for deeper cooperation. Results: The bilateral partnership between India and France has been tremendously accelerating for the last decade. Both the countries are better attuned in the context of Maritime Security and trade cooperation in the Indo-Pacific region. Conclusions: The article concludes that India and France need a deeper partnership in the IndoPacific region to accelerate trade and business in the maritime domain.
Źródło:
Economic and Regional Studies; 2022, 15, 3; 284-302
2083-3725
2451-182X
Pojawia się w:
Economic and Regional Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Znaczenie relacji z Australią i Nową Zelandią w ramach pobrexitowego zaangażowania Zjednoczonego Królestwa w regionie Indo-Pacyfiku
The importance of relations with Australia and New Zealand as part of the UK’s post-Brexit engagement in the Indo-Pacific region
Autorzy:
Eska-Mikołajewska, Justyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/9217546.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023-03-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
United Kingdom
Australia
New Zealand
Indo-Pacific
Brexit
Global Britain
Opis:
In the geopolitical situation in which Great Britain found itself after its withdrawal from the European Union in 2020, it was necessary to develop a new foreign and security policy strategy. The flagship concept of ‘Global Britain’ assumes the reorientation of the United Kingdom outside Europe and greater involvement in the security architecture of the Indo-Pacific region. The article examines to what extent the intention to strengthen relations with as likeminded partners in the Indo-Pacific region coincides with the assumptions of Australian and New Zealand policies. It has been shown that the former British dominions, which are part of the so-called Anglosphere, have been given a vital role in securing the UK’s position as a world leader. From the perspectives of the national interest of both countries, rebuilding ties with the former empire is considered an important strategic element, although giving it a priority in the current geopolitical realities is not possible. Australia and New Zealand put special emphasis on developing cooperation with the Indo-Pacific countries.
Źródło:
Krakowskie Studia Małopolskie; 2023, 1(37); 138-156
1643-6911
Pojawia się w:
Krakowskie Studia Małopolskie
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Joe Biden’s Strategy in the Asia-Pacific Region: Change or Continuity. A Comparative Analysis
Autorzy:
Grabowski, Marcin
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2020119.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-12-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
Joe Biden
Asia-Pacific
Indo-Pacific
United States
Barack Obama
Donald Trump
Opis:
The election of Joseph Biden for the office of the President of the United States has brought expectations of fundamental change in American foreign policy, including policy toward the Asia-Pacific/Indo-Pacific region. As observed in the last few months, the reality has been more complex as definite changes in the US Indo-Pacific policy are not as visible as expected. It is especially in respect of the US policy toward China being more a continuation than a change from Donald Trump’s approach. Changes are rhetorical rather than actual policies. The situation is different in the case of alliances, as Joe Biden offers much more commitment to allies like Japan or South Korea. Also, multilateral dimensions (both regional and global) witness some – however still limited – change. The main goal is to make a comparative analysis of Joe Biden’s policy toward Asia, referring to the administrations of Barack Obama and Donald Trump. Hence the strategies of pivot/re-balance toward the Asia of Obama, and the free and open Indo-Pacific strategy of Trump, will be examined. The analysis refers to the complex interdependence theory and the power transition theory. Methodologically, it is based on document analysis with comparative analysis.
Źródło:
Polish Political Science Yearbook; 2021, 4 (50); 95-105
0208-7375
Pojawia się w:
Polish Political Science Yearbook
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Role of Anglo-Saxon Countries in Maintaining the American-led Order in the Indo-Pacific Region
Autorzy:
Jureńczyk, Łukasz
Kuź, Adam
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/31343169.pdf
Data publikacji:
2024-03-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
Indo-Pacific
multi-order world
Anglo-Saxon countries
USA
China
Opis:
The analysis is based on theoretical assumptions characteristic of the multi-order world by Trine Flockhart concept. The main factor influencing the situation in the Indo-Pacific region is the conflict between two international orders, Chinese-led and American-led, which is economic but may take a military form in the future. The practical limitations of the article result from the complex process of analyzing and forecasting political phenomena in statu nascendi. The analysis contributes to the scientific discussion on the future of international relations in the Indo-Pacific region. The American-led order in the Indo-Pacific region is based on the institutionalized forms of cooperation involving Anglo-Saxon states based on identity factors determining their effectiveness. The US strategy for the Indo-Pacific is mainly based on the network of partnerships with the region’s countries and countries from other parts of the world supporting the American-led order in the region, especially the Anglo-Saxon countries. In addition to identity factors, the positive long-term experience of military cooperation between the Anglo-Saxon countries is significant. The escalation of the global conflict between the US and China will be conducive to further tightening this cooperation.
Źródło:
Polish Political Science Yearbook; 2024, 1(53); 87-105
0208-7375
Pojawia się w:
Polish Political Science Yearbook
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
China-Russia Bilateral Security and Military Partnership in Changing World Order: Security Challenges for the United States of America in Asia and Beyond
Autorzy:
Bharti, Mukesh Shankar
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2146969.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-05-14
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu. Wydawnictwo UMK
Tematy:
China
Russia
US containment policy
China-Russia Cooperation
Indo-Pacific
geopolitics
Opis:
The objective of this research is to assess the defence partnership of Russia and China after the Cold War period. This study analyses the military cooperation and strategic relation of Russia and China in the post-Cold War period. Further, the article highlights the main contradicting areas between the United States of America (USA) and the Russia-China alliance in international politics. It also elucidates the Russia-China relationship across the diplomatic paradigm and economic aspects in the global economic system. China’s flagship economic New Silk Road Initiative is a challenging concept for the US on land and maritime across the world. Thus, the study uses the research question: how do China and Russia compete with the US challenges in the new world order? The qualitative comparative method is used to investigate answers to the research questions and objectives of this study. This article attempts to use an analytical framework to describe the countries’ vision for joint development in the area of security issues. Russia and China have deep military cooperation and commit to working together against the US domination in the Asia Pacific and other parts of the world. In a conclusion it is stated that Russia and China have been accelerating bilateral military cooperation in a positive direction, which is a success story between both countries, and the US is facing stiff competition in Asia as well as in the Asia Pacific Region (APR).
Źródło:
Historia i Polityka; 2022, 40 (47)
1899-5160
2391-7652
Pojawia się w:
Historia i Polityka
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Length Weight Relationship and Condition Factor of Indo-Pacific King Mackerel (Scomberomorus guttatus) in Pangandaran Water, West Java, Indonesia
Autorzy:
Tarigan, Amsal Loudikia
Hamdani, Herman
Yustiati, Ayi
Dewanti, Lantun P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1076725.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN
Tematy:
Indo-Pacific
Pangandaran water
Scomberomorus guttatus
condition factor
length-weight relationship
Opis:
Scomberomorus guttatus is an economical valuable fish in Pangandaran, West Java, Indonesia. Indeed, the catch of large pelagic fish in Pangandaran water is dominated by Scomberomorus guttatus at around 42.30% of the total production of large pelagic fish in 2015-2017. The purpose of this research is to analyze length-weight relationship and condition factors of Scomberomorus guttatus. The samples were collected in August and September 2018 at Cikidang Fishing Port, Pangandaran Regency, West Java. The Scomberomorus guttatus observed during the research had total length ranging from 205 to 685 mmTL, and the length-weight relationship of Scomberomorus guttatus in Pangandaran water was indicated by the equation W=〖0,0000038L〗^3.0839. Furthermore, the growth pattern of Scomberomorus guttatus is positive allometric (b = 3.0839), meaning that weight growth is faster than length growth, while its condition factor range from 0.52 to 1.54 (average - 1.00 ±0.08).
Źródło:
World News of Natural Sciences; 2019, 24; 199-208
2543-5426
Pojawia się w:
World News of Natural Sciences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Indias "Strategic Autonomy" and strengthening its ties with the US
"Strategiczna autonomia" Indii i wzmacnianie jej więzi z USA
Autorzy:
Aryal, Saroj K.
Pulami, Manish J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/21189184.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Geopolityczne
Tematy:
India
USA
Indo-Pacific
Strategic Autonomy
Non-Alignment Movement
Indo-Pacyfik
Autonomia Strategiczna
Ruch Niezaangażowania (NAM)
Opis:
Immediately after independence, India joined the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM), which allowed it to avoid having to take sides with either of the then-existing two political-military blocs led by the US and the USSR. India under Jawaharlal Nehru, guided in foreign policy by principles derived from the traditions of Indian civilization, was not even able to anticipate and prevent China's aggression in 1962. Nehru's idealistic approach adopted by the Congress Party failed to ensure the permanence of power, and in 2014 the conservative-nationalist Indian People's Party (Bharatiya Janata Party) won the election, taking India's sovereignty and national interest as its supreme political imperative. The purpose of this article is to explain how the BJP government is striking a balance between India's traditional NAM-based strategic culture and growing defense ties with the US in the Indo-Pacific region. Therefore, it was necessary to present the evolution of Indian politics from radical non-alignment, grounded in the traditional value of non-violence (ahinsa), to so-called strategic autonomy.
Wkrótce po uzyskaniu niepodległości India przystała do Ruchu Państw Niezaangażowanych, który pozwalał na uniknięcie konieczności opowiadania się po stronie żadnego z istniejących wówczas dwóch bloków polityczno-militarnych, którym przewodziły USA i ZSRR. India pod rządami Jawaharlala Nehru, kierując się w polityce zagranicznej zasadami wynikającymi z tradycji indyjskiej cywilizacji, nie były nawet zdolne przewidzieć i zapobiec agresji Chin w 1962 roku. Idealistyczne podejście Nehru przyjęte przez Partię Kongresową nie zapewniło trwałości władzy i w 2014 roku wybory wygrała konserwatywno-nacjonalistyczna Indyjska Partia Ludowa (Bharatiya Janata Party), dla której suwerenność i interes państwowy Indii stanowią naczelne imperatywy polityczne. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest wyjaśnienie, w jaki sposób rząd BJP osiąga równowagę między tradycyjną kulturą strategiczną Indii opartą na niezaangażowaniu, a rosnącymi więzami obronnymi z USA w regionie Indo-Pacyfiku. Dlatego niezbędne było przedstawienie ewolucji indyjskiej polityki od radykalnego niezaangażowania, mającego swoje oparcie w tradycyjnej wartości jaką stanowi powstrzymywanie się od przemocy (ahinsa) do tzw. strategicznej autonomii.
Źródło:
Przegląd Geopolityczny; 2023, 44; 116-128
2080-8836
2392-067X
Pojawia się w:
Przegląd Geopolityczny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Pacyfik w myśli strategicznej przywódców Chińskiej Republiki Ludowej
The Pacific in the strategic thought of the leaders of the People’s Republic of China
Autorzy:
Wałdoch, Marcin
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/54730748.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Kazimierza Wielkiego w Bydgoszczy
Tematy:
strategic thought
political leaders
Indo-Pacific
Pacific
China
martime policy
myśl strategiczna
przywódcy polityczni
Indo-Pacyfik
Pacyfik
Chiny
polityka morska
Opis:
Idea chińskiej obecności politycznej w regionie Pacyfiku, a tym samym na morzach oraz oceanach, jest relatywnie młoda. Przed okresem rządów Deng Xiaopinga, czyli do 1978 r., i od wypraw morskich chińskiego admirała Zhenga He w XV w. Chiny nie były ukierunkowane na aktywność w regionie Pacyfiku. Ta morska absencja Chin trwała zatem około 550 lat. W tym czasie Chiny nie dążyły do uzyskania potęgi morskiej. Dopiero chińska rewolucja i powołanie do życia Chińskiej Republiki Ludowej w 1949 r. stało się kamieniem węgielnym chińskiej obecności na otwartych morzach i w małych państwach wyspiarskich – Melanezji, Polinezji i Mikronezji. Pierwszym, który dostrzegł konieczność wyjścia polityki chińskiej na oceany, był reformator Deng Xiaoping, ale trzech następujących po nim przywódców poczyniło milowe kroki, których efektem jest realna i dążąca do hegemonii obecność ChRL w regionie. W tym artykule przedstawiono ewolucję chińskiej myśli strategicznej wobec obecności w regionie Pacyfiku u czterech chińskich przywódców politycznych – Deng Xiaopinga, Jiang Zemina, Hu Jintao oraz Xi Jinpinga.
The idea of a Chinese political presence in the Pacific region, and thus in the seas and oceans, is relatively young. Before the reign of Deng Xiaoping, i.e. until 1978, and since the naval expeditions of Chinese Admiral Zheng He in the 15th century, China was not focused on activity in the Pacific region. This maritime absence of China thus lasted about 550 years. At that time, China was not striving for naval power. Only the Chinese revolution and the establishment of the People’s Republic of China in 1949 became the cornerstone of the Chinese presence in the open seas and small island states of Melanesia, Polynesia and Micronesia. The reformer Deng Xiaoping was the first to recognize the necessity of Chinese policy entering the oceans, but the three leaders who followed him made milestones, which resulted in the real and hegemonic presence of the PRC in the region. This article presents the evolution of Chinese strategic thought in the face of four Chinese political leaders Deng Xiaoping, Jiang Zemin, Hu Jintao and Xi Jinping in the Pacific region.
Źródło:
Świat Idei i Polityki; 2022, 21, 2; 91-106
1643-8442
Pojawia się w:
Świat Idei i Polityki
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
USA-Asia Relations in the Time of Trump’s Administration
STOSUNKI USA-AZJA W DOBIE ADMINISTRACJI TRUMPA
Autorzy:
Kuźnar, Andżelika
Menkes, Jerzy
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/443759.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Wyższa Szkoła Humanitas
Tematy:
China,
the USA,
neo-isolationism,
pivot,
Indo-Pacific
Chiny,
USA,
neoizolacjonizm,
Indie-Pacyfik
Opis:
We analyse the possibilities and consequences of changing the US foreign policy in terms of cooperation with Asian allies since Trump became the US President. The goal of the paper is to answer the question of what the political strategy of President Trump is and whether he will manage to implement it, and what the reaction of the allies will be in response to it. Institutional and functional considerations are settled in the economic reality, analyzing the economic indicators of the USA and selected countries of the Pacific region and China (the latter declairing the will to take over the USA’s place in the region and in the world). The hypothesis that the way of conducting US foreign policy will not affect the density of the real US relations with their allies in the transpacific space is positively verified. What will change in the short and medium term will be the increase in US foreign policy costs. In a broader sense, the American alliance with the countries of East and South-East Asia will survive the turbulence in the US policy. Regardless of China‘s willingness to take the place of the US in international relations, it does not constitute a competitive partner, able to replace the USA.
Analizujemy możliwości i konsekwencje zmiany polityki zagranicznej USA dla współpracy z azjatyckimi sojusznikami po objęciu przez Trumpa urzędu Prezydenta USA. Celem jest odpowiedź na pytanie, jaka jest strategia polityczna Prezydenta Trumpa i czy ją zrealizuje oraz jak na tą strategię zareagują sojusznicy. Rozważania o charakterze instytucjonalno-funkcjonalnym osadzamy w rzeczywistości gospodarczej, analizując wskaźniki gospodarcze USA i wybranych państw regionu Pacyfiku oraz Chin (deklarujących wolę zastąpienia USA w regionie i w świecie). Pozytywnie weryfikujemy hipotezę, że sposób prowadzenia polityki zagranicznej przez USA nie wpłynie na gęstość realnych związków USA z ich aliantami w przestrzeni transpacyficznej. Tym, co się zmieni w krótkim i średnim okresie będzie wzrost kosztów prowadzenia polityki zagranicznej przez USA. W podmiotowo szerszym wymiarze sojusz amerykański z państwami Azji Wsch. i Pd.-Wsch przetrwa turbulencje w polityce USA. Niezależnie od gotowości Chin zajęcia miejsca USA w tych relacjach, nie są on partnerem konkurencyjnym, zdolnym zastąpić USA.
Źródło:
Roczniki Administracji i Prawa; 2017, 17/2; 15-31
1644-9126
Pojawia się w:
Roczniki Administracji i Prawa
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 29

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