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    Tytuł:
    Wpływ nowych źródeł w systemie ciepłowniczym na jego efektywność
    The impact of a new CHP in a district heating system for its effectiveness
    Autorzy:
    Lewandowski, Janusz
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/507878.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013-10-31
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wydziału Zarządzania
    Tematy:
    system ciepłowniczy
    model systemu ciepłowniczego
    koszty wejścia nowego źródła
    rola samorządu
    model of an ideal heating system
    entry costs of a new CHP
    the roles of local governments
    Opis:
    W artykule przedstawiono model „idealnego” systemu ciepłowniczego, wzorowanego na modelu systemu elektroenergetycznego. Na tym tle przedstawiono przykładowy warszawski system ciepłowniczy, zwracając uwagę na problemy z realizacją modelowego rozwiązania. Szczególną uwagę zwrócono na warunki i skutki wejścia do systemu nowego źródła. Okazuje się bowiem, że nadmiar mocy wytwórczych nie spowoduje spadku, a wzrost ceny dla odbiorcy ciepła. Wskazano także rolę i możliwości odziaływania samorządu na kształtowanie się rynku ciepłowniczego.
    The paper presents a model of an ideal district heating system, inspired by the electricity system model. With this background, the Warsaw district heating system is shown as an example. The paper considers also problems associated with the implementation of an ideal system. Particular attention is drawn to the conditions and effects of the entry of a new CHP into an existing system seeing as excess generation capacities do not decrease, but in fact increase the price of heat for consumers. Identified in the paper are also the roles and capabilities of local governments with respect to the development of district heating markets.
    Źródło:
    internetowy Kwartalnik Antymonopolowy i Regulacyjny; 2013, 2, 6; 65-72
    2299-5749
    Pojawia się w:
    internetowy Kwartalnik Antymonopolowy i Regulacyjny
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    TRIZ inventive principles and computer design
    Autorzy:
    Chrząszcz, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/114626.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Stowarzyszenie Inżynierów i Techników Mechaników Polskich
    Tematy:
    TRIZ
    contradictions
    inventive principles
    Ideal System
    Opis:
    TRIZ is systematic approach to innovation, being developed since 1950s. This acronym comes from the original Russian name of the methodology, which is usually translated as Theory of Inventive Problem Solving and sometimes abbreviated as TIPS. This methodology offers several concepts and tools supporting identification of problems and generation of solutions, which are directed towards required improvements. This directed approach differentiates TRIZ from other inventive methods, that usually rely on a trial-and-error formula. In the beginning, TRIZ addressed mainly mechanical systems. This paper presents short introduction to TRIZ, describing some basic concepts necessary to show inventive principles in appropriate perspective. These concepts are then used for presenting application examples coming from computer design domain.
    Źródło:
    Measurement Automation Monitoring; 2018, 64, 2; 34-36
    2450-2855
    Pojawia się w:
    Measurement Automation Monitoring
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Theoretical foundations of utopian and dystopian parables in world literature
    Autorzy:
    Murvatova, Ilaha
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/42932598.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2024-06-30
    Wydawca:
    Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
    Tematy:
    fantastic
    unrealizable
    unrealizable dream
    ideal social system
    parable
    utopia
    dystopia
    Opis:
    What does the future hold for us? Which path will humanity take? Perhaps people will finally learn from the mistakes of past generations and build a perfect society? Or they will choose a disastrous path, making the life of an individual absolutely unbearable? Science fiction writers have repeatedly tried to find answers… Science fiction is dedicated to the two opposites of the development of civilization. When people talk about fiction of the early twentieth century, they usually mean so-called “science fiction.” The first works of fantastic literature of new varieties began to appear at the end of the 19th century, and individual works even earlier. In this case we are talking about works that combine a literary plot with scientific fragments; at the same time, the work as a whole acquires a journalistic character. At the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th centuries, due to extra-literary factors, this form became extremely popular. Its development is influenced by the rapid growth of scientific, or more precisely, technical research, and the powerful introduction of technology into human life.
    Źródło:
    Reality of Politics; 2024, 28; 63-71
    2082-3959
    Pojawia się w:
    Reality of Politics
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The L2 motivational self system: A meta-analysis
    Autorzy:
    Al-Hoorie, Ali H.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/780731.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
    Tematy:
    ideal L2 self
    ought-to L2 self
    L2 learning experience
    L2 motivational self system
    self-guides
    Opis:
    This article reports the first meta-analysis of the L2 motivational self system (Dörnyei, 2005, 2009). A total of 32 research reports, involving 39 unique samples and 32,078 language learners, were meta-analyzed. The results showed that the three components of the L2 motivational self system (the ideal L2 self, the ought-to L2 self, and the L2 learning experience) were significant predictors of subjective intended effort (rs = .61, .38, and .41, respectively), though weaker predictors of objective measures of achievement (rs = .20, -.05, and .17). Substantial heterogeneity was also observed in most of these correlations. The results also suggest that the strong correlation between the L2 learning experience and intended effort reported in the literature is, due to substantial wording overlap, partly an artifact of lack of discriminant validity between these two scales. Implications of these results and directions for future research are discussed.
    Źródło:
    Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching; 2018, 8, 4; 721-754
    2083-5205
    2084-1965
    Pojawia się w:
    Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The combined effect of fractional filter and Smith Predictor for enhanced closed-loop performanceof integer order time-delay systems: some investigations
    Autorzy:
    Nagarsheth, Shaival Hemant
    Sharma, Shambhu Nath
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/229571.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    generalized fractional controller
    Smith predictor
    time delay system
    generalized inverse
    Bode’s ideal transfer function
    Opis:
    This paper proposes a generalized fractional controller for integer order systems with time delay. The fractional controller structure is so adopted to have a combined effect of fractional filter and Smith predictor. Interestingly, the resulting novel controller can be decomposed into fractional filter cascaded with an integer order PID controller. The method is applied to two practical examples i.e. liquid level system and Shell control fractionator system. The closed-loop responses resulting from the proposed method are compared with that of the available methods in the literature. For quantitative evaluations of the proposed method, Integral Absolute Error (IAE) and Integral Square Control Input (ISCI) performance criteria are employed. The proposed method effectively enhances the closed-loop response by improving the IAE values, reducing the control effort inputs to achieve the desired output. The disturbance rejection and robustness tests are also carried out. The robustness test reveals a significant improvement in the maximum absolute sensitivity measure. That is displayed in numerical simulations of the paper.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Control Sciences; 2020, 30, 1; 47-76
    1230-2384
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Control Sciences
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Synthesis of Recovery Schemes for Distributed Computing Based on Ideal Ring Bundles
    Autorzy:
    Riznyk, O.
    Vynnychuk, R.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/410732.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Oddział w Lublinie PAN
    Tematy:
    cluster
    distributed system
    Golomb ruler
    ideal ring bundle
    recovery scheme
    Opis:
    Clusters and distributed systems allow for error tolerance and high performance through shared use of the load. When all computers work, we would like to distribute the load equally among computers. When one or more computers are broken, the load on these computers should be redistributed to other computers in the cluster. Redistribution determines the recovery scheme. The recovery plan should keep the load as optimal as when even the most unfavorable combinations of computers are turned off, that is, we want to optimize the behavior of the worst case. In this work, we find new regeneration schemes based on so-called IRB and ideal ring loops and synthesize the corresponding combinatorial structures. They are optimal for many cases of recovery schemes.
    Źródło:
    ECONTECHMOD : An International Quarterly Journal on Economics of Technology and Modelling Processes; 2019, 8, 1; 33-38
    2084-5715
    Pojawia się w:
    ECONTECHMOD : An International Quarterly Journal on Economics of Technology and Modelling Processes
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Properties of the Multiservice Erlangs Ideal Gradings
    Autorzy:
    Hanczewski, S.
    Kmiecik, D.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/308103.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Łączności - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
    Tematy:
    Erlang's Ideal Grading
    multi-service system
    traffic engineering
    Opis:
    The design and optimization process of modern telecommunications networks is supported by a range of appropriate analytical models. A number of these models are based on the Erlang’s Ideal Grading (EIG) model, which is a particular case of non-full-availability groups. A possibility of the application of the EIG model results from the fact that telecommunications systems show properties and features distinctive to non-full-availability systems. No detailed studies that would decisively help determine appropriate conditions for the application of the EIG model for modeling of other non-full-availability groups, that would be models corresponding to real telecommunications systems, have been performed. Therefore, this article attempts to find an answer to the following question: what are the prerequisite conditions for the application of the EIG model and when the model can be reliably used?
    Źródło:
    Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology; 2016, 1; 37-43
    1509-4553
    1899-8852
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    On uniformly strongly prime Γ-semirings (II)
    Autorzy:
    Dutta, Tapan
    Dhara, Suhrid
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/729133.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2006
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Zielonogórski. Wydział Matematyki, Informatyki i Ekonometrii
    Tematy:
    Γ-semiring
    uniformly right strongly prime Γ-semiring
    annihilators
    essential ideal
    essential extension
    uniformly strongly prime k-radical
    matrix Γ-semiring
    special class
    super t-system
    Opis:
    The Uniformly strongly prime k-radical of a Γ-semiring is a special class which we study via its operator semiring.
    Źródło:
    Discussiones Mathematicae - General Algebra and Applications; 2006, 26, 2; 219-231
    1509-9415
    Pojawia się w:
    Discussiones Mathematicae - General Algebra and Applications
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    On the analytical solution for the slewing flexible beam-like system: analysis of the linear part of the perturbed problem
    O analitycznym rozwiązaniu dla układu podatnej belki obrotowej: analiza części liniowej zagadnienia perturbowanego
    Autorzy:
    Fenili, A.
    Balthazar, J. M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/281759.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2008
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Mechaniki Teoretycznej i Stosowanej
    Tematy:
    nieidealne systemy
    struktury elastyczne
    non-ideal system
    flexible structure
    perturbed equations
    Opis:
    The dynamical system investigated in this work is a nonlinear flexible beam-like structure in slewing motion. Non-dimensional and perturbed governing equations of motion are presented. The analytical solution for the linear part of these perturbed equations for ideal and for non-ideal cases are obtained. This solution is necessary for the investigation of the complete weak nonlinear problem where all nonlinearities are small perturbations around a linear known solution. This investigation shall help the analyst in the modelling of dynamical systems with structure-actuator interactions.
    Układem dynamicznym badanym w pracy jest podzespół zawierający podatną belkę poruszającą się ruchem obrotowym w płaszczyźnie poziomej. Zaprezentowano bezwymiarowe i perturbowane równania ruchu. Rozwiązania analityczne części zlinearyzowanej tych równań uzyskano dla przypadku idealnego i nieidealnego. Taka postać rozwiązania jest niezbędna do analizy zupełnego i słabo nieliniowego problemu, w którym nieliniowości stanowią niewielkie perturbacje wokół rozwiązania liniowego. Prezentowane wyniki badań mogą okazać się pomocą dla analityków zajmujących się modelowaniem układów dynamicznych uwzględniających interakcje zachodzące pomiędzy daną konstrukcją bazową, a zamocowanymi na niej aktywnymi elementami wykonawczymi (aktuatorami).
    Źródło:
    Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics; 2008, 46, 1; 51-68
    1429-2955
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    My many selves are still me: Motivation and multilingualism
    Autorzy:
    Thompson, Amy S.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/780854.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
    Tematy:
    perceived positive language interaction (PPLI)
    ideal multilingual self
    L2 motivational self system
    multilingualism
    motivation
    Opis:
    Two concepts of multilingualism that relate to the selves aspect of Dörnyei’s (2009) L2 motivational self system (L2MSS) are highlighted in this article: Thompson’s concept of perceived positive language interaction (PPLI) and Henry’s notion of the ideal multilingual self. With the dynamic model of multilingualism informing both concepts (Herdina & Jessner, 2002; Jessner, 2006, 2008), the intangible advantage that multilingual speakers have over monolingual speakers is clearly articulated in the discussion of this topic. The interconnectivity of language systems is an inherent aspect of the DMM; as such, both Thompson with PPLI and Henry with the ideal multilingual self incorporate the DMM as a framework to indicate the fluid nature of these constructs as additional language learning experiences are added to the system over time. This article further explores the dynamicity of multilingual learners’ language systems and the influences that induce change. Specifically, data from Thompson’s (2017b) study on LOTE learners are re-examined to explore this question. Additionally, excerpts from Natasha Lvovich’s (1997) The Multilingual Self, an autobiography of an L1 Russian speaker, are analyzed to present different possible models of incorporating the multilingual self and PPLI. The article ends with a discussion of an inherently multilingual context, as well as thoughts regarding the possibility of different types of future selves.
    Źródło:
    Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching; 2020, 10, 1; 159-176
    2083-5205
    2084-1965
    Pojawia się w:
    Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Literary realism in the shaping of slovak culture
    Autorzy:
    Kendra, Milan
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1878493.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021-09-25
    Wydawca:
    Fundacja Pro Scientia Publica
    Tematy:
    Literary realism
    Representation
    Referentiality
    Realist fictional world
    Social systems
    Autopoietic system
    National revival
    Ideal realism
    Opis:
    Aim. The aim of the study is to clarify the internal complexity of the Slovak literary realist discourse and its diverse relations to the heterogeneous artistic, cultural and ideological discourses of the last third of the 19th century. Attention is focused on the appropriation and adaptation of stimuli from other social systems, as well as on the specific literary operations that modify literary realism as an artistic discourse constructing an intelligible world in a cultural sense. Methods. As a theoretical concept, realism is defined as a type of representation or representation technique associated with a set of textual conventions, complex referential and self-referential figures. As a literary-historical discourse and event situated in a particular moment of history, realism is governed by period-specific principles (operating in the mechanism of culture) of selection, evaluating and connecting the phenomena of reality. Only with this dichotomy the multiplicity of paradoxes, syncretism and heterogeneous character of Slovak literary realism can be captured. The theory of social systems (N. Luhmann) allows for a more complex view of realist literature as an autopoietic system in the context of modern society as a system of communications differentiated into a network of separate social subsystems interrelated by the medium of language. Finally, the theory of fictional worlds proposes selective and formative operations that explicate the construction of realist fictional world and the stratification of its functions (B. Fořt). Results. Among the configurational relations of Slovak literary realism, the concept of ideal realism is highlighted as a model of literary aesthetics that flexibly interacted with the discourse of national revival to provide an adequate expression of contemporary Slovak cultural and national interests. Two literary-aesthetic modifications of ideal realism (creative and voluntarist, originated by Svetozár Hurban Vajanský, and deterministic, represented in the prose works of Martin Kukučín) are analysed in detail in order to show the inner complexity of the literary-realist discourse and to manifest its semantic multidimensionality in the 1880s.
    Źródło:
    Journal of Education Culture and Society; 2021, 12, 2; 455-468
    2081-1640
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of Education Culture and Society
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Influence of ideal and non-ideal excitation sources on the dynamics of a nonlinear vibro-impact system
    Autorzy:
    Moraes, F. H.
    Pontes, B. R. (jr)
    Silveira, M.
    Balthazar, J. M.
    Brasil, R. M. L. R. F.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/281540.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Mechaniki Teoretycznej i Stosowanej
    Tematy:
    vibro-impact system
    limited power supply
    non-ideal excitation
    Sommerfeld effect
    Opis:
    The objective of the present work is to analyze the dynamics of a vibro-impact system consisting of two blocks of different mass coupled by a spring with two stages. Two different types of excitation sources for the system are used in the analysis: the first is an ideal excitation in form of a harmonic force, and the second is a non-ideal excitation in form of a DC electric motor with limited power supply which has an unbalanced rotor. The control parameter for both situations is the excitation frequency of the system. The analysis includes time histories of displacements and velocities, phase portraits and diagrams of the displacement and frequency, used to show the Sommerfeld effect. For certain values of the parameters of the system, the motion is chaotic. The mathematical model of the system is used to obtain an insight to the global dynamics of the vibro-impact system. The model with a non-ideal excitation is more realistic, complete and complex than the model with the ideal excitation.
    Źródło:
    Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics; 2013, 51, 3; 763-774
    1429-2955
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Elasticity of consumer demand: estimation using a QuadRatic Almost Ideal Demand System
    Elastyczność popytu konsumpcyjnego: estymacja na podstawie Quadratic Almost Ideal Demand System
    Autorzy:
    Gostkowski, Michał
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/424811.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu
    Tematy:
    complete demand system
    Quadratic Almost Ideal Demand System
    QUAIDS
    elasticity of demand
    Opis:
    This paper analyzes consumer demand using a Quadratic Almost Ideal Demand System (QUAIDS), which is an extension of an Almost Ideal Demand System (a complete demand system). Complete demand system models can be used to find the relationships that are impossible to discover using single-equation models. Additionally, the QUAIDS model can be used to model a nonlinear Engel curve. The research was based on household microeconomic data collected by GUS (the Polish Central Statistical Office) in the period 1999-2015. The complete demand model has been extended by demographic variable. The results show that the QUAIDS model does not reduce to the AIDS model and is an adequate tool to analyze consumer demand.
    Źródło:
    Econometrics. Ekonometria. Advances in Applied Data Analytics; 2018, 22, 1; 68-78
    1507-3866
    Pojawia się w:
    Econometrics. Ekonometria. Advances in Applied Data Analytics
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Another Look at the L2 Motivational Self System of Polish Students Majoring in English: Insights from Interview Data
    Autorzy:
    Pawlak, Mirosław
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/783125.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego
    Tematy:
    motivation
    theory of L2 Motivational Self System
    ideal L2 self
    ought-to self
    English majors
    Opis:
    One of the most recent theoretical developments when it comes to the role of motivation in second language learning is the theory of the L2 motivational self system (e.g., Dörnyei, 2005). It has been proposed in recognition of the fact that learning a foreign language does not only involve acquiring a new communicative code, but also affects the personality of an individual, the difficulties involved in applying Gardner’s (1985) concept of integrativeness to foreign language contexts, as well as the mounting empirical evidence (e.g., Dörnyei & Csizér, 2002), demonstrating that key components of motivation, such as integrativeness, instrumentality, attitudes towards L2 speakers or manifestations of motivated learning behavior are intricately interrelated. As a result, the notion of integrativeness has been reinterpreted as the L2-specific aspect of an individual’s ideal self and the motivational system is believed to comprise the following three dimensions: (a) ideal L2 self, which is related to the abilities and skills that learners envisage themselves possessing, which may trigger a desire to reduce the distance between their actual and ideal selves, (b) ought-to L2 self, which is connected with the attributes that the learners believe are important in the eyes of significant others, and (c) L2 learning experiences, which is a context-related factor reflecting the nature of the immediate learning environment and learning experiences. This framework was applied in a qualitative study, the participants of which were 28 English majors in the last year of a three-year BA program who were interviewed about their motives for learning the target language. The analysis revealed that although motivational influences which have traditionally been regarded as important do play a role, there are a number of factors, such as family influence, instrumentality, knowledge orientation or international posture, that are also of vital importance.
    Źródło:
    Theory and Practice of Second Language Acquisition; 2016, 2, 2
    2450-5455
    2451-2125
    Pojawia się w:
    Theory and Practice of Second Language Acquisition
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    ANALIZA POPYTU KONSUMPCYJNEGO Z WYKORZYSTANIEM MODELU AIDS
    ANALYSIS OF THE CONSUMER DEMAND USING THE ALMOST IDEAL DEMAND SYSTEM
    Autorzy:
    Gostkowski, Michał
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/453734.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Szkoła Główna Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie. Katedra Ekonometrii i Statystyki
    Tematy:
    kompletny model popytu
    prawie idealny układ równań popytowych
    AIDS
    elastyczność popytu
    complete demand system
    Almost Ideal Demand System
    elasticity of demand
    Opis:
    W pracy podjęto próbę analizy popytu konsumpcyjnego z wykorzystaniem kompletnego modelu popytu AIDS. Badania zostały oparte na wynikach badań budżetów gospodarstw domowych w okresie 1999-2012. Dodatkowo kompletny model popytu został rozszerzony o zmienną demograficzną oraz o zmienną czasową. W pracy został również poruszony problem zerowych wydatków oraz problem współliniowości zmiennych. Wyniki badań wskazują, że uwzględnienie zmiennych demograficznych oraz zmiennej czasowej istotnie wpływa na oszacowania współczynników elastyczności. Dodatkowo badania wskazały na region wschodni (obejmującym województwa lubelskie, podkarpackie, podlaskie oraz świętokrzyskie) jako region charakteryzujący się najbardziej odmienną strukturą popytu w porównaniu do pozostałych regionów.
    The paper attempts to analyze consumer demand using a complete demand system AIDS. The complete demand system is the right tool for the analysis of consumer demand because it takes into account the phenomenon of substitutability and complementarity. The research was based on household microeconomic data collected by GUS (the Polish Central Statistical Office) in the period 1999-2012. Additionally, a complete demand model has been extended by the demographic variable and the time variable. The problem of zero expenditures and the collinearity of variables were described in the paper. The results show that taking into account the phenomena of substitutability and complementarity allows a better understanding of complex interactions occurring in the market for consumer goods and services
    Źródło:
    Metody Ilościowe w Badaniach Ekonomicznych; 2015, 16, 3; 70-82
    2082-792X
    Pojawia się w:
    Metody Ilościowe w Badaniach Ekonomicznych
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 15

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