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    Tytuł:
    Solar generation estimation in electric power systems for prospective frequency control studies
    Autorzy:
    Martínez-García, A. A.
    Torres-Breffe, O. E.
    Vilaragut-Llanes, M.
    Delgado-Fernandez, O.
    Szpytko, J.
    Salgado-Duarte, Y.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2172499.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2022
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Morski w Gdyni. Wydział Nawigacyjny
    Tematy:
    green shipping
    solar power
    electric power systems
    energy storage systems
    photovoltaic power generation
    cuban electrical system
    energy sources
    photo voltage solar generation
    Opis:
    Increasing the presence of non-conventional clean energy sources in Electrical Power Systems (EPS) is a global strategic goal. Particularly, photovoltaic systems are attractive due to their versatility, low maintenance cost, easy installation, noiselessness, etc. However, the integration of photovoltaic systems into EPS increases the necessary regulation actions performed by system generators due to stochastic fluctuations of solar radiation, especially on cloudy days. Even using complex models that consider many variables, solar irradiation and its corresponding photovoltaic power generation are difficult variables to forecast with accuracy in cloudy day scenarios. To address this problem, Energy Storage Systems (BESS) have been proposed as a solution to mitigate the variability of photovoltaic generation, which reduce the need to use traditional spinning reserves and provide auxiliary grid services. The BESS selection required to mitigate photovoltaic generation is directly related to the worst-case daily variability of photovoltaic generation in the short term. This paper proposes a practical estimation of daily perspective photo voltage solar generation curve in Electrical Power Systems.
    Źródło:
    TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation; 2022, 16, 2; 211--217
    2083-6473
    2083-6481
    Pojawia się w:
    TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Sail catamaran with hybrid propulsion, design, theoretical and experimental studies
    Autorzy:
    Litwin, Wojciech
    Piątek, Daniel
    Leśniewski, Wojciech
    Marszałkowski, Konrad
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/32900237.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2022
    Wydawca:
    Politechnika Gdańska. Wydział Inżynierii Mechanicznej i Okrętownictwa
    Tematy:
    sail catamaran
    green shipping
    zero emission
    hybrid propulsion
    Opis:
    The development of modern lithium batteries and propulsion systems now allows the use of complex propulsion systems for vessels of various sizes. As part of the research and implementation project, a parallel hybrid drive system was designed, built and then tested in the laboratory. The experimental studies conducted allowed for the measurements of power, fuel consumption and electric power distribution in various operating modes of the propulsion system. The research proves that in the analysed case, the hybrid parallel system meets the demand for electric energy during a typical cruise scenario, and thus there is no need to install a power generator on the yacht.
    Źródło:
    Polish Maritime Research; 2022, 2; 12-18
    1233-2585
    Pojawia się w:
    Polish Maritime Research
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Propozycja modernizacji układu napędowego pasażerskiego statku śródlądowego z konwencjonalnego na hybrydowy
    Autorzy:
    Litwin, W.
    Leśniewski, W.
    Kowalski, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/304544.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Wydawnictwo Druk-Art
    Tematy:
    układ napędowy
    zielona żegluga
    napęd hybrydowy
    drive system
    Green Shipping
    hybrid drive
    Opis:
    Na przestrzeni ostatnich lat zaobserwowano znaczny wzrost zainteresowania ekologicznymi układami napędowymi rekreacyjnych oraz użytkowych jednostek pływających, wpisującymi się w nurt przyjaznej środowisku, bez emisyjnej, zielonej żeglugi. Problemem jest jednak skonstruowanie bezpiecznej dla pasażerów jednostki pływającej, o możliwie niskim zapotrzebowaniu na energię, wyposażonym w wysoko sprawny, bez emisyjny układ napędowy. Jeszcze większym problemem jest modernizacja istniejącej jednostki tak aby spełniała oczekiwania armatora przy zazwyczaj ograniczonym budżecie. W artykule przedstawiono główne problemy na jakie natrafili autorzy koncepcji przebudowy układu napędu i zasilania zabytkowego śródlądowego statku pasażerskiego. Zgodnie z życzeniem właściciela jednostki napęd konwencjonalny zastąpiony miałby zostać układem hybrydowym szeregowym opartym o dwa silniki elektryczne i przekładnię sumującą. Na podstawie badań eksperymentalnych przeprowadzonych na rzeczywistym statku wyznaczono zapotrzebowanie na moc napędu w funkcji prędkości oraz obliczono pojemność akumulatorów.
    The paper presents results of experiment-based tests of power demand, which were carried out on a 25 m long, historical passenger ship. Two version of the propulsion system, serial hybrid and parallel hybrid, were analyzed with regard to the longest route travelled by the ship in one day. The results of energy demand and environmental impact were compared with the installed conventional propulsion system. Due to the expected high level of safety which should be ensured on a passenger ship, the serial hybrid system was based on two electric motors powered by two separate sets of lithium batteries. Such solution allows for obtaining greater reliability, as well as a high level of energy-efficiency. The analysis results demonstrate that the serial propulsion system puts the least burden on the environment but at the same time, its investment cost remains the highest.
    Źródło:
    Napędy i Sterowanie; 2017, 19, 5; 64-69
    1507-7764
    Pojawia się w:
    Napędy i Sterowanie
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Process of Judging Significant Modifications for Different Transportation Systems compared to the Approach for Nuclear Installations
    Autorzy:
    Petrek, N.
    Berg, H. P.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/116039.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Morski w Gdyni. Wydział Nawigacyjny
    Tematy:
    Nuclear Installations
    Green Culture in Shipping
    Transportation Systems
    Maritime Transportation
    EU Regulations
    Common Safety Method (CSM)
    Safety Management System (SMS)
    risk management
    Opis:
    The implementation of the CSM regulation by the European Commission in 2009 which harmonizes the risk assessment process and introduces a rather new concept of judging changes within the European railway industry. This circumstance has risen the question how other technology sectors handle the aspect of modifications and alterations. The paper discusses the approaches for judging the significance of modifications within the three transport sectors of European railways, aviation and maritime transportation and the procedure which is used in the area of nuclear safety. We will outline the similarities and differences between these four methods and discuss the underlying reasons. Finally, we will take into account the role of the European legislator and the fundamental idea of a harmonization of the different approaches.
    Źródło:
    TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation; 2015, 9, 4; 511-520
    2083-6473
    2083-6481
    Pojawia się w:
    TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Maritime Green Solution for Traffic Congestion
    Autorzy:
    Petković, M.
    Zubčić, M.
    Krčum, M.
    Vujović, I.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/116659.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Morski w Gdyni. Wydział Nawigacyjny
    Tematy:
    marine traffic
    traffic congestion
    maritime green solution
    zero emission transfer
    port of split
    green shipping
    electric ship
    electric catamaran
    Opis:
    Traffic congestion is a wide problem in many tourist destinations. Airports are usually distant from the city centers. Hence, road and rail traffic are widely used to connect airports and city centers. In this paper, we propose zero-emission solution for connection between airport and the center at the example of Croatian city Split. Since Split has become a popular tourist destination, the number of vehicles during summer season increases. As a measure to decrease air pollution, in this paper the marine traffic by electric vessels is proposed for the route Split – airport. Seven all-electrical vessels are presented with their technical characteristics. The idea is to have zero emission transfers by sea from the center of the Split to the airport. The criteria for minimum cruising speed is set to 13 knots, which ensures that one crossing takes 30 minutes and makes it competitive with other forms of transport.
    Źródło:
    TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation; 2020, 14, 1; 97-103
    2083-6473
    2083-6481
    Pojawia się w:
    TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Is the use of green certification strategic or not?
    Autorzy:
    Danis, M.
    Acar, A. Z.
    Arslan, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2172498.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2022
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Morski w Gdyni. Wydział Nawigacyjny
    Tematy:
    green shipping
    green certification
    seafarers
    Turkish waterways
    green port
    global supply chain
    Turkish ports
    Opis:
    Differentiation strategies are the most preferred strategies when it comes to surviving in a highly competitive environment. And the debate as to whether using sustainability for strategic positioning, e.g differentiation, is still a hot topic in literature. To that end, we investigated if green certification of 17 Turkish ports have been used with similar purpose. In this context, this study aims to find out whether the certification attempts of "green ports" in ports that are strategic nodes of global supply chains are strategically justified or just an action to catch up with other competitors. Drawing on qualitative analyses, a green port corpus content has been prepared. This corpus is comprised of 17 green certificated port CEOs’ interviews and their website contents. The results indicate that the Turkish ports generally carry out practices that follow the trends in the world, but they mostly implement them to imitate rather than being strategic.
    Źródło:
    TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation; 2022, 16, 2; 203--209
    2083-6473
    2083-6481
    Pojawia się w:
    TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Influence of the hull shape on the energy demand of a small inland vessel with hybrid propulsion
    Autorzy:
    Karczewski, Artur
    Kunicka, Magdalena
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1955606.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021
    Wydawca:
    Politechnika Gdańska. Wydział Inżynierii Mechanicznej i Okrętownictwa
    Tematy:
    green shipping
    hybrid
    energy management
    propulsion
    hull shape optimization
    Opis:
    Recently, there has been a significant development of ecological propulsion systems, which is in line with the general trend of environmentally friendly “green shipping”. The main aim is to build a safe, low-energy passenger ship with a highly efficient, emission-free propulsion system. This can be achieved in a variety of ways. The article presents the main problems encountered by designers and constructors already at the stage of designing the unit. The research conducted made it possible to create a design with an effective shape of the hull, with the prospect of an energy-efficient and safe propulsion system with good manoeuvrability. The scope of the research included towing tank tests, recalculation of the results in full-scale objects and a prediction of the energy demand of the propulsion system. The results obtained were compared to indicate power supply variants depending on the hull shape.
    Źródło:
    Polish Maritime Research; 2021, 3; 35-43
    1233-2585
    Pojawia się w:
    Polish Maritime Research
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    How Do You Measure Green Culture in Shipping? The Search for a Tool Through Interviews with Swedish Seafarers
    Autorzy:
    Hammander, M.
    Karlsson, P.
    Österman, C.
    Hult, C.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/116377.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Morski w Gdyni. Wydział Nawigacyjny
    Tematy:
    Green Culture in Shipping
    Green Culture
    Seafarers
    Swedish
    Marine Environment
    Safety Culture
    Shipping Industry
    Commitment
    learning
    Empowerment and Communication (CLEC)
    Environmental Management System (EMS)
    Opis:
    Today, the shipping industry faces important environmental challenges to reduce the impact of sea transport to the marine environment. In order to enhance compliance and encourage safe and efficient maritime operations, the implementation of a safety culture in both shore organisation and on board ships has been advocated. Similarly, it can be argued that a conscious ‘greening’ of an organisation’s culture may be necessary in order to meet legislative and societal demands, as well as embrace environmentally responsible values, beliefs and behaviours. The present pilot study describes the development and evaluation of a model designed to capture attitudes and perception among seafarers with regards to proactive environmental work in the shipping industry. The overall aim of the model is to enable measurement of the extent to which a ‘green culture’ is present within the shipping industry, and to identify factors that either facilitate or act as barriers to a green culture. Evaluation of the model was done through qualitative individual and focus group interviews with, in all, 13 active Swedish seafarers during the autumn of 2014. The findings show that the model captures the sought after mechanisms fairly well and shows some promise. Future work is needed to further refine and test the model in a larger setting, in order to provide a robust picture of the seafarers’ view on ‘green’ shipping.
    Źródło:
    TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation; 2015, 9, 4; 501-509
    2083-6473
    2083-6481
    Pojawia się w:
    TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Estimating shipping emissions – A case study for cargo Port of Zadar, Croatia
    Autorzy:
    Knezević, V.
    Pavin, Z.
    Čulin, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2063981.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Morski w Gdyni. Wydział Nawigacyjny
    Tematy:
    Port of Zadar
    air pollutant emission
    estimating shipping emissions
    nitrogen oxides
    particulate matter
    volatile organic compounds
    carbon dioxide
    green port
    Opis:
    Reducing air pollutant emissions and energy consumption, as a necessary step to make ports more sustainable, is one of the crucial tasks and challenges of port management. Some of the port strategies to meet the term “green port” usually include reducing fuel consumption from vessels and vehicles in ports. This paper estimates the emission inventory of maritime traffic for the cargo Port of Zadar. For this research, emissions from cargo ships are estimated in the period from January 01. 2018 until October 01. 2019. The “bottom-up” methodology has been applied for estimating emissions, which includes detailed data on the ship’s characteristics (engine power, the load factor, fuel type, the emission factor) and time spent cruising and hotelling. The emissions from cargo ships have been estimated for three ship’s activities: cruising in the reduced speed zone, hotelling (time spent at berth), and maneuvering. The emission results (tons/year) refer to the pollutants such as nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulphur oxides (SOx), particulate matter (PM), volatile organic compounds (VOC), and carbon dioxide (CO2) which represents greenhouse gases. Estimating emission inventory is the first step for planning effective port air quality control. Some recommendations for reducing emissions in port areas are emphasized in this paper.
    Źródło:
    TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation; 2021, 15, 3; 615--620
    2083-6473
    2083-6481
    Pojawia się w:
    TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Energy efficient small inland passenger shuttle ferry with hybrid propulsion - concept design, calculations and model tests
    Autorzy:
    Kunicka, Magdalena
    Litwin, Wojciech
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/259786.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Politechnika Gdańska. Wydział Inżynierii Mechanicznej i Okrętownictwa
    Tematy:
    ship hybrid propulsion
    energy efficiency
    green shipping
    energy management
    Opis:
    In recent years, there has been a significant development in “green” and energy efficient propulsion systems, which fits into the general trend of environmentally friendly “green shipping”. The pursued goal is to construct a safe passenger ship that is low in energy demand and equipped with a highly energy efficient, emission-free propulsion system. The paper presents main problems encountered by designers of a small, hybrid-powered ferry powered lithium batteries. The conducted research allowed to create a design of an energy efficient hull shape, which decreases the demand for energy. Completed remote control model tests resulted in a proposal of an energy efficient and safe propulsion system with good manoeuvring capabilities. Measurements completed on an existing ferry permitted completing energy balance and forming an energy management policy. The paper contains the emission calculations computed for the existing ferry that are necessary for the environmental impact analysis. The soon to be constructed, newly designed vessel will provide a valuable contribution to hybrid-propulsion, energy management and unmanned technologies research.
    Źródło:
    Polish Maritime Research; 2019, 2; 85-92
    1233-2585
    Pojawia się w:
    Polish Maritime Research
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Energy efficient and environmentally friendly hybrid conversion of inland passenger vessel
    Autorzy:
    Litwin, W.
    Leśniewski, W.
    Kowalski, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/259006.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Politechnika Gdańska. Wydział Inżynierii Mechanicznej i Okrętownictwa
    Tematy:
    ship propulsion
    hybrid propulsion
    green shipping
    zero emission
    solar power
    Opis:
    The development and growing availability of modern technologies, along with more and more severe environment protection standards which frequently take a form of legal regulations, are the reason why attempts are made to find a quiet and economical propulsion system not only for newly built watercraft units, but also for modernised ones. Correct selection of the propulsion and supply system for a given vessel affects significantly not only the energy efficiency of the propulsions system but also the environment – as this selection is crucial for the noise and exhaust emission levels. The paper presents results of experimental examination of ship power demand performed on a historic passenger ship of 25 m in length. Two variants, referred to as serial and parallel hybrid propulsion systems, were examined with respect to the maximum length of the single-day route covered by the ship. The recorded power demands and environmental impact were compared with those characteristic for the already installed conventional propulsion system. Taking into account a high safety level expected to be ensured on a passenger ship, the serial hybrid system was based on two electric motors working in parallel and supplied from two separate sets of batteries. This solution ensures higher reliability, along with relatively high energy efficiency. The results of the performed examination have revealed that the serial propulsion system is the least harmful to the environment, but its investment cost is the highest. In this context, the optimum solution for the ship owner seems to be a parallel hybrid system of diesel-electric type.
    Źródło:
    Polish Maritime Research; 2017, 4; 77-84
    1233-2585
    Pojawia się w:
    Polish Maritime Research
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Emission inventory of ships calling at the port of Dubrovnik
    Autorzy:
    Zekić, A.
    Ivče, R.
    Radonja, R.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2172493.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2022
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Morski w Gdyni. Wydział Nawigacyjny
    Tematy:
    green shipping
    CO2 emission
    air pollutant emission
    air environmental pollution
    Croatian ports
    maritime cruise market
    port of Dubrovnik
    emission inventory
    Opis:
    Cruising tourism is becoming increasingly popular, the number of cruises having seen a continuous increase since the 1970s. In Croatia as well there is an upward trend in the number of cruise passengers and ports. Of all Croatian ports, it is the port of Dubrovnik that has had the most calls by foreign cruisers. The paper analyses the available statistical data on the maritime cruise market in Europe with special reference to the Mediterranean countries. In the national context, a presentation of cruise traffic in the port of Dubrovnik is given. Although this type of tourism contributes to the development and improvement of the economy, it also has a negative impact on the environment through air pollution by CO2 emissions, subsequently affecting human health as well. The authors investigate the level of CO2 emissions in the area of the port of Dubrovnik. CO2 emissions were calculated based on cruiser activity, the calculations being based on CO2 emissions for three ship navigation modes - slow steaming on arrival and departure, manoeuvring on arrival and departure, and for a berthed ship. The aim of the research was to provide a better insight in the emission inventories in this area. This research can also be applied to other port areas.
    Źródło:
    TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation; 2022, 16, 2; 219--223
    2083-6473
    2083-6481
    Pojawia się w:
    TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Challenges to Ship Hydrodynamics in the XXI Century
    Autorzy:
    Kobyliński, L.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/116543.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Morski w Gdyni. Wydział Nawigacyjny
    Tematy:
    Hydrodynamics
    World Shipping
    Exploitation of Ocean Resources
    Environment Protection
    Structure of World Fleet
    offshore industry
    Ship Hydromechanics
    Green Ship Concept
    Opis:
    The beginning of twenty-first century is characterized with important changes in world shipping and exploitation of ocean resources. Three important trends are clearly visible: environment protection, safety and economy. They materialize in important changes in the structure of world fleet where some existing ship types are going to disappear and new ship types emerge. Increasing the size of some ship types is another visible tendency. Stress on environment protection has serious impact on the hydrodynamic characteristics of ships whether with regard to safety zero accident rate is the goal. Important challenges to ship hydrodynamics caused by those tendencies are discussed in the paper.
    Źródło:
    TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation; 2014, 8, 3; 353-358
    2083-6473
    2083-6481
    Pojawia się w:
    TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Approximation of the index for assessing ship sea-keeping performance on the basis of ship design parameters
    Autorzy:
    Cepowski, T.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/259570.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2007
    Wydawca:
    Politechnika Gdańska. Wydział Inżynierii Mechanicznej i Okrętownictwa
    Tematy:
    sea-keeping qualities
    sea-keeping performance index
    approximation
    ship design parameters
    artificial neural networks
    rolling
    slamming
    green-water shipping
    Opis:
    This paper presents a new approach which makes it possible to take into account seakeeping qualities of ship in the preliminary stage of its design. The presented concept is based on representing ship’s behaviour in waves by means of the so called operational effectiveness index. Presented values of the index were calculated for a broad range of design parameters. On this basis were elaborated analytical functions which approximate the index depending on ship design parameters. Also, example approximations of the index calculated by using artificial neural networks, are attached. The presented approach may find application to ship preliminary design problems as well as in ship service stage to assess sea-keeping performance of a ship before its departure to sea.
    Źródło:
    Polish Maritime Research; 2007, 3; 21-26
    1233-2585
    Pojawia się w:
    Polish Maritime Research
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Analysis of marine risers subjected to shoal/deep water in the installation process
    Autorzy:
    Wang, Yikun
    Luo, Songxiang
    Yang, Mo
    Qin, Tao
    Zhao, Jing
    Yu, Gang
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/32899597.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2022
    Wydawca:
    Politechnika Gdańska. Wydział Inżynierii Mechanicznej i Okrętownictwa
    Tematy:
    sail catamaran
    green shipping
    zero emission
    hybrid propulsion
    Opis:
    The dynamics of the installation process of marine risers subjected to shoal/deep seawater is studied. The riser is assumed to be a cantilevered Euler‒Bernoulli beam. The upper end of the riser is clamped on the vessel or the drilling platform. The lower end of the riser is connected to the Blowout Preventer Stack (BOPs) and Lower Marine Risers Package (LMRP). The lateral fluid forces induced by the sea wave and sea current are introduced into the governing equations of motion. The lateral displacement and stress distributions of the riser are obtained by solving the governing equation of the riser via Galerkin’s discretisation scheme and a fourth-order Runge‒Kutta algorithm. The results indicate that the riser exhibits different behaviours under various depths because of the different distributions of the flow velocity ranging from the sea surface to the seabed. In the case of shoal water, the dynamics of the riser are dominated by the sea wave, while in the case of deep water it is affected mainly by the sea current velocity and sea surface wind velocity.
    Źródło:
    Polish Maritime Research; 2022, 2; 43-54
    1233-2585
    Pojawia się w:
    Polish Maritime Research
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
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