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Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 1811
Tytuł:
Discussion over correctness of methods used for test of resistance fuels to ageing processes
Autorzy:
Dzięgielewski, W.
Kulczycki, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/241909.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
fuel
storage
fuel aging
Opis:
Research of usefulness of fuels for long-term storage is an important research of products of special use (meant for stock keeping as national or military reserves). Important fact is that fuels after storage should be used according to their initial use so their phisico-chemical and exploratory properties should remain the same during the whole storage cycle. Basic condition, enabling to foreseen that fuel will keep its quality at sufficient level in certain timeframe should be positive results of ageing tests. Below the doubts are presented whether methodology of evaluation is correct because of important differences in mechanisms of accelerated laboratory tests as well as real storage in typical conditions of storage tanks with large capacity. Differences in courses of chemical reactions and conditions of their initiation and course were pointed out. Scheme of equipment for marking content of existing gums, scheme of equipment for testing induction period, scheme of filtering and oxidizing equipment to test resistance of fuel to oxidation, effectiveness of collisions of molecules of reactants, scheme of chemical ageing process of fuels storaged in different temperature, function for different conditions ageing process of FAME, influence of value of potential molecules energy on initializing of chemical reactions are presented in the paper.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2014, 21, 4; 103-109
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Selected properties of alternative fuel manufactured from municipal solid waste
Autorzy:
Malinowski, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/62040.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Stowarzyszenie Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich PAN
Tematy:
alternative fuel
fuel
municipal solid waste
fuel property
Opis:
Successive closing down of filled-up large municipal landfill sites or those which no longer fulfil the legal regulations, compel local governments and enterprises dealing with waste disposal, to undertake activities aimed at designing and construction of new waste management plants. One of these is a municipal solid waste sorting plant where the waste stream is divided into sub-screen and screen fraction. The screen fraction after removing ferrous and non-ferrous metals, glass and other impurities and crushing to an appropriate particle size constitutes an alternative fuel. The most frequently alternative fuel is manufactured from selectively collected plastics, rubber, textiles and waste paper. Alternative fuel is also manufactured from municipal solid waste in mechanical waste treatment plants. Municipal solid waste is characterized by a non-uniform morphological composition (depending on many factors), which may result in variable parameters of the manufactured fuel. If the waste fuel manufactured in this way and supplied to cement plants does not reach certain quality standards, its price is low, or the product is not accepted for energy recovery. The work presents results of analyses of selected properties of alternative fuels generated from solid municipal waste stream with regard to the type of communes from which the waste originated (urban commune area or rural communes). Statistical analysis was conducted using Bayesian Networks. As it results from the investigations, alternative fuel manufactured from municipal solid waste is characterized by high values of variation coefficient for such parameters as: ash content, moisture and calorific value. The content of carbon, sulphur and incineration heat revealed low values of variance coefficient. The analyses have demonstrated that technological values of alternative fuel do not depend on the administrative type of the communes where the waste used for their production was collected.
Źródło:
Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich; 2013, 2/IV
1732-5587
Pojawia się w:
Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Comparative analysis of combustion of qualified composite fuel for the transitional period in the household and communal sector in Poland
Autorzy:
Bembenek, Michał
Dzik, Tomasz
Smyła, Jarosław
Kozłowski, Artur
Wojtas, Piotr
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/27315551.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
STE GROUP
Tematy:
microbriquette
environmentally friendly fuel
solid fuel
composite solid fuel
qualified solid fuel
roller press
Opis:
The article presents the results of laboratory combustion tests of the microbriquette obtained from useless coal (grain class of < 5 mm) generated in the production of “eco-pea” (eko-groszek) coal. The briquettes of 1.5 and 2.5 cm3 were made in a roller press of crushed coal granulation down to 2 mm, mixed with a binder and/or catalytic additives and sorbents, then dried to final moisture of about 7%. The tests were carried out on a specially designed stand enabling to determine the differential curve of the weight loss of samples heated to the ignition temperature and then burnt with laminar airflow by natural chimney draft. Comparative tests were carried out with ecopea coal from the “ZG Sobieski” mine. The results indicate that composite fuels, in the form of microbriquette, ignite faster, burn at a higher temperature and leave less ash when burned than lump coal. The greater reactivity of the briquette concerning the lump coal allows for minimizing the air rate by about 10%, which also reduces the exhaust gas volume by the same amount and the stack losses. It reduces the velocity of dust lifting, which leads to the reduction of their emission.
Źródło:
Management Systems in Production Engineering; 2022, 4 (30); Bibliogr. 40 poz., rys., tab.
2299-0461
Pojawia się w:
Management Systems in Production Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Microbiome of soil contaminated by fuels
Mikrobiom gleby zanieczyszczonej paliwami
Autorzy:
Hawrot-Paw, M.
Izwikow, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/82566.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny w Szczecinie. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane ZUT w Szczecinie
Tematy:
microorganism
soil microorganism
contaminated soil
fuel
biodiesel fuel
diesel fuel
Źródło:
Folia Pomeranae Universitatis Technologiae Stetinensis. Agricultura, Alimentaria, Piscaria et Zootechnica; 2015, 36
2081-1284
Pojawia się w:
Folia Pomeranae Universitatis Technologiae Stetinensis. Agricultura, Alimentaria, Piscaria et Zootechnica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The method, based on storage simulator and IR – VIS spectroscopy, for predicting the allowable time of storage of biocomponents for CI engines
Autorzy:
Dzięgielewski, W.
Kaźmierczak, U.
Kulczycki, A.
Okniński, R.
Stefanowicz, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/242434.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
fuel
fuel aging
oils
lubrication
biocomponents
Opis:
The paper presents the results of investigations concerning a new method used for predicting the allowable time of storage of biocomponents – FAME. The method was based on laboratory research carried out with the use of a storage tank simulator. The aging process was carried out in the conditions increasing the reaction rate – at high temperature. There are several methods/procedures used for predicting the allowable time of storage of fuels and biocomponents – FAME, but all of them are based on tests at the temperature so high that the mechanism of aging process is different than the one observed in storage tanks. It was assumed that the aging process could be divided into two stages: at the first stage, the aging precursors are created and at the second stage, precursors are converted into the fuel aging products. These products lead to changes in fuel properties. The kinetics of precursor creation determines the rate of all reactions, which lead to the final aging products. It was found that the rate of reaction at the first stage of fuel aging can be effectively increased by an increase in temperature and even relatively high temperature does not change the mechanism of the creation of aging precursors. The method that has been worked out makes it possible to control the mechanism of aging process during quick laboratory tests. The products of aging processes were detected with the use of the IR-VIS spectrometry. The allowable time of storage was determined for several FAME samples on the basis of quick laboratory tests. The results of laboratory quick tests were verified by comparing them with the results of the aging process of FAME in storage tanks. On the basis of the test results, the algorithm of allowable time of FAME storage calculation was worked out.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2016, 23, 1; 115-121
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Measurement methods for determining the parameters of injectors in internal combustion engines
Autorzy:
Grzesik, N.
Zaremba, R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/242709.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
engine
fuel injectors
fuel spray diagnostics
Opis:
The general principle of internal combustion engine operation has not changed since the engine structure was first developed. However, the system of blending the air and fuel into a mixture with the parameters ensuring effective fuel combustion processes has been evolving over the years. In the simplest engines, the fuel-air mixture was produced in the inlet manifold i.e. in the carburettor systems while the more advanced motors were equipped with the system of Single Point Injection (SPI), and further on with the Multi-Point Injection (MP!) where each of the cylinders has its own individual injector. The Multi-Point Injection (MPI) system has evolved into a Gasoline Direct Injection (GDI) system where the injector sprays fuel directly into the combustion chambers. Presently, due to the restrictive regulations governing the issues of exhaust gases ' composition and emissions, manufacturers of the engines used mainly in the automotive industry apply the system of multi-point indirect injection to the intake manifold or the system of direct fuel injection to the combustion chambers. In both systems, these are the injectors dosing precise amounts offuel, which are the most important, and the most accurate elements of the system. The article presents the injectors' macro- and microscopic parameters used for the purpose of the fuel dispersants' technical condition and performance assessment. Additionally, it refers to direct and optical methods of microscopic parameters measurement enabling fuel spray diagnostics.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2014, 21, 4; 153-159
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Vliânie prisadok vody na harakteristiki dizelâ rybolovnogo sudna pri ispolzovanii predvaritelnoj obrabotki topliva
The influence of water in fuel on parameters of Diesel vessel engine with using of preliminary fuel treatment
Autorzy:
Klyus, O.
Klyus, I.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/359908.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Akademia Morska w Szczecinie. Wydawnictwo AMSz
Tematy:
diesel engine
fuel injector
preliminary fuel treatment
mixture fuel and water
Opis:
The paper presents some Diesel direct engines with fuel injectors with preliminary fuel catalytic and turbulizing treatment. In research works Diesel fuel and mixture with seawater 1.2–2.5% were used.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie; 2013, 36 (108) z. 2; 89-92
1733-8670
2392-0378
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Relations of distribution of the low sulphur shipping fuels in region of the baltic sea in the bunkering boat-ship supply
Autorzy:
Matejski, M.
Szczepaniak, T.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/101982.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Inżynierów i Techników Mechaników Polskich
Tematy:
vessels
marine fuel oils
fuel transport
ecology
Opis:
The article presents relations of distribution of the low sulphur marine fuels as result of being in force the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL) 73/78, especially the record establishing the region of the Baltic Sea and the North See as sulphur emission control areas (SECA). There are presented obligatory regulations and their influence on sale of the particular kinds of fuels in this region. There are also presented chosen procedures of care about cargo in relation bunker boat-harbour-ship, the delivery fuel procedures in relation bunker boat-ship and the quantitative analysis of distributed fuels on an example of chosen bunker boat.
Źródło:
Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal; 2012, 6, 16; 37-41
2299-8624
Pojawia się w:
Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Effect of Oxygen Staging on Nitrogen Conversion in Oxy-Fuel CFB Environment
Autorzy:
Jankowska, S.
Czakiert, T.
Krawczyk, G.
Borecki, P.
Jesionowski, Ł.
Nowak, W.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/185424.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
paliwo tlenowe
CFB
oxy-fuel
fuel-N
Opis:
This paper presents a study on nitrogen conversion in oxy-fuel coal combustion in a pilot scale CFB 0.1 MWth facility. The paper is focused on fuel-N behaviour in the combustion chamber when the combustion process is accomplished under oxy-fuel CFB conditions. The analysis is based on infurnace sampling of flue gas and calculations of the conversion ratios of fuel-nitrogen (fuel-N) to NO, NO2, N2O, NH3 and HCN. For the tests, O2/CO2 mixtures with the oxygen content of 21 vol.% (primary gas) and with the oxygen content varied from 21 to 35 vol.% (secondary gas), were used as the fluidising gas. Measurements were carried out in 4 control points located along the combustion chamber: 0.43 m, 1.45 m, 2.50 m and 4.88 m. Results presented below indicate that an increased oxygen concentration in the higher part of the combustion chamber has strong influence on the behaviour of fuel based nitrogen compounds.
Źródło:
Chemical and Process Engineering; 2014, 35, 4; 489-496
0208-6425
2300-1925
Pojawia się w:
Chemical and Process Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Concept of a multi-fuel, low-power generator with a self-ignition, common rail gas engine
Autorzy:
Piętak, A.
Imiołek, M.
Imiołek, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/247142.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
dual-fuel feeding
CNG
steering
renewable fuel
Opis:
An idea of using biomass for generating electricity and heat leads to new solutions for power generators, adapted to be supplied with gaseous and liquid biofuels. At present, there is a growing interest in low-power generators. This type of energy production is termed 'scattered energy generation'. It is expected that generating energy in small units situated close to energy consumers may bring about substantial benefits. It is assumed that in a scattered energy generation system, energy will be produced from local fuels, such as broadly understood biomass as a primary component for production of gaseous and liquid biofuels to power low-power energy generators. An adequate amount of biomass must be secured to ensure that biogas can be produced all year round. The easiest way to store highly efficient biomass is to ensile maize and rye as well as grass. The amounts of biogas obtained from these two types of silage are comparable. Using rye as a renewable energy source for production of either bioethanol or biogas is economically viable for at least two reasons: rye grows on poor class soils and rye cultivation technology can be reduced to just nitrogen fertilization. In conclusion, it seems reasonable to generate energy in Poland in scattered energy generation systems from crops grown for this purpose. Currently, gas-powered engines are being in several ways.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2011, 18, 4; 349-356
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Types and applications of hydrogen fuel cells in transport
Autorzy:
Gallas, Dawid
Stobnicki, Paweł
Bolzhelarskyi, Yaroslav
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/32101699.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-12-28
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Poznański Instytut Technologiczny
Tematy:
fuel cells
hydrogen fuel
hydrogen propulsion
transport
Opis:
The article summarizes the types of hydrogen sources and the possibilities of using hydrogen in fuel cell technologies. The types of hydrogen fuel cells and solutions used in hydrogen powered drives were discussed. The current economic and ecological aspects affecting the possibilities and profitability of using various types of hydrogen as an alternative fuel in various forms of transport were analyzed, and forecasts for the development of this form of propulsion and power supply in transport for the coming years were presented. It was concluded that only a simultaneous increase in hydrogen production, through an increase in demand or technological development, combined with a decrease in the cost of hydrogen cells down to a level of at least $40/kW, would enable the proliferation of hydrogen technologies in all modes of transport.
Źródło:
Rail Vehicles/Pojazdy Szynowe; 2022, 3-4; 31-36
0138-0370
2719-9630
Pojawia się w:
Rail Vehicles/Pojazdy Szynowe
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
On the neutronics of European lead-cooled fast reactor
Autorzy:
Cetnar, J.
Oettingen, M.
Domańska, G.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/148566.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
fuel burn-up
plutonium
minor actinides
oxide fuel
nitride fuel
LFR
ELSY
MCB
Opis:
The perspective of nuclear energy development in the near future imposes a new challenge on a number of sciences over the world. For years, the European Commission (EC) has sponsored scientific activities through the framework programmes (FP). The lead-cooled fast reactor (LFR) development in the European Union (EU) has been carried out within European lead-cooled system (ELSY) project of the 6th FP of EURATOM. This paper concerns the reactor core neutronic and burn-up design studies. We discuss two different core configurations of ELSY reactor; one loaded with the reference – mixed oxide fuel (MOX), whereas the second one with an advanced fuel – uranium- -plutonium nitride. Both fuels consist of reactor grade plutonium, depleted uranium and additionally, a fraction of minor actinides (MA). The fuel burn-up and the time evolution of the reactor characteristics has been assessed using a Monte Carlo burn-up code (MCB). One of the important findings concerns the importance of power profile evolution with burn-up as a limiting factor of the refuelling interval.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2010, 55, 3; 317-322
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Determination of the distillation parameters of the milesPLUS® diesel fuel comprising a bio-component in the form of methyl esters of corn oil
Wyznaczenie parametrów destylacyjnych oleju napędowego milesPLUS® diesel zawierającego biokomponent w postaci estrów metylowych oleju kukurydzianego
Autorzy:
Wcislo, G.
Pracuch, B.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/792995.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Komisja Motoryzacji i Energetyki Rolnictwa
Tematy:
diesel fuel
biocomponent
methyl ester
corn oil
biodiesel fuel
fractional composition
liquid fuel
Źródło:
Teka Komisji Motoryzacji i Energetyki Rolnictwa; 2016, 16, 4
1641-7739
Pojawia się w:
Teka Komisji Motoryzacji i Energetyki Rolnictwa
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Characteristics of fuel cells under static and dynamic conditions
Autorzy:
Szwajca, Filip
Berger, Andrew W.
Spalletta, Robert
Pielecha, Ireneusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/32101706.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-12-28
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Poznański Instytut Technologiczny
Tematy:
fuel cell stack
fuel cell module
static and dynamic characteristics
fuel cell efficiency
Opis:
Modern internal combustion powertrains are the main source of propulsion for on-road and non-road vehicles. However, they are increasingly being replaced by electric or fuel cell-equipped alternative propulsion systems. The article presents a study of fuel cell characteristics operating under both static and dynamic conditions, with a 1.2 kW fuel cell set with a voltage converter and lead-acid batteries. In the conducted tests, the fuel cell stack's maximum efficiency reached 65%. Load tests (static and dynamic) have indicated higher fuel cell efficiencies when using hybrid operation with a DC/DC converter and battery.
Źródło:
Rail Vehicles/Pojazdy Szynowe; 2022, 3-4; 44-52
0138-0370
2719-9630
Pojawia się w:
Rail Vehicles/Pojazdy Szynowe
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Diagnostic investigations of turbojet injectors
Autorzy:
Opara, T.
Zaremba, R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/241589.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
aircraft turbine engines
fuel injectors
fuel spray diagnostics
Opis:
The basic aim of injectors is to supply a specified amount of fuel to the turbine engine combustion chamber. The fuel should be atomized to the extent which enables its evaporation and helps to produce a homogenous mixture of fuel vapour and air, thus ensuring high efficiency of the combustion process. The article contains the review of methods and diagnostic equipment used in Aviation Overhaul Works (Lotnicze Zakady Remontowe) in assessing the suitability of turbine jet as well as turboprop and helicopter engines sprayers. Injectors are evaluated on the basis of their fuel delivery Q(p) which determines the volume of fuel sprayed in the time unit, the spray cone angle (p) and the parameter J(p) which describes the asymmetry in the circumferential spray density distribution j(). These parameters are dependent both on structural characteristics of the sprayers as well as on fuel delivery pressure p in the fuel supply pipe. In the standard diagnostic stations, the measurement of fuel delivery Q(p) is carried out only for the two fuel supply pressures, corresponding to the extreme engine ranges, that is the rotational speed of the idle running nbj and maximum rotational speed nmax. Injectors undergo the leak test at the fuel pressure 5 to 10 times bigger than the nominal value. Tolerances adopted by the producers for the measured parameters characterizing the injectors are also presented.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2013, 20, 1; 247-254
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 1811

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