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Tytuł:
INVESTMENT ATTRACTIVENESS OF CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPEAN COUNTRIES IN THE LIGHT OF NEW LOCATIONAL ADVANTAGES DEVELOPMENT
Autorzy:
Jantoń-Drozdowska, Elżbieta
Majewska, Maria
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/517120.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Instytut Badań Gospodarczych
Tematy:
investment attractiveness
Central and Eastern European countries
Opis:
The aim of this work was to present the similarities between the components of competitiveness and investment attractiveness as two complementary categories, and to show the role of new locational advantages in determining the level of investment attractiveness of a country. Another objective of this paper was to provide a comparative analysis of Central and Eastern European countries in terms of their investment attractiveness. Thus this paper was organized as follows: the first part of the paper focused on a country’s competitiveness, and the traditional and new location advantages that determine its investment attractiveness in view of direct investment inflows in the light of M. Porter’s model of a diamond, an eclectic paradigm of J. H. Dunning and new growth theories. The second part presented the results of investment attractiveness analysis including selected countries of CEE in the years 1995-2013. Comparing the investment attractiveness of Central and Eastern European countries shows that a rather narrow group of countries attracts a greater amount of FDI, and many more countries have experienced a decline in FDI. Therefore, the research results allow for the conclusion that Central and Eastern Europe reduced its investment attractiveness over the past years. This means that the majority of Central and Eastern European countries are becoming less successful in attracting FDI, and therefore in shaping the environment in which foreign companies wish to conduct their business.
Źródło:
Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy; 2016, 11, 1; 97-119
1689-765X
2353-3293
Pojawia się w:
Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Challenges for the sustainable development of air transport in Central and Eastern European countries
Autorzy:
Huderek-Glapska, Sonia
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/27324305.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Fundacja Centrum Badań Socjologicznych
Tematy:
air transport
sustainable development
innovative solutions
Central European countries
Eastern European countries
Opis:
The sustainable development concept is promoted as a theoretical frame suitable to face the challenges of the air transport market. The task is to focus on the solutions for current and future air transport strategies to provide movement of people and goods in a sustainable, equal, inclusive and efficient way. This research aims to recognise sustainable development challenges and refer to the situation of Central and Eastern European countries. The challenges to the sustainable development of air transport were grouped into environmental concerns, infrastructural and labour problems, technological change, digitalisation and changing passenger behaviour. Even though Central and Eastern European countries are lagging behind Western countries in terms of the number of passengers carried by air, they face the same challenges to the sustainable development of air transport markets. Air transport companies on their path to sustainable development should search for new, innovative solutions. There is a call for institutional changes to support sustainable initiatives.
Źródło:
Journal of Sustainable Development of Transport and Logistics; 2023, 8, 2; 209--218
2520-2979
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Sustainable Development of Transport and Logistics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
GERMAN FISCAL AUSTERITY EFFECTS ON INVESTMENTS AND EXPORTS IN THE CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPEAN COUNTRIES
Autorzy:
Shevchuk, Victor
Kopych, Roman
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/452917.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Szkoła Główna Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie. Katedra Ekonometrii i Statystyki
Tematy:
fiscal spillovers
Germany
Central and Eastern European countries
investments
exports
Opis:
Fiscal austerity in Germany used to be blamed for a stagnant growth in the European countries. However, it seems not to be the case for the Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries. As it is established on the basis of vector error-correction model (VECM) estimates for quarterly series over the 2002-2015 period, a positive non-Keynesian spillover from the fiscal austerity in Germany to output in the CEE countries is realized mainly through an increase in investments, with the export channel being rather ambiguous across countries. Following an improvement in the German budget balance, there is a decrease in exports measured as percent of GDP in 6 out of 10 CEE countries. Depreciation of the real exchange rate (RER) is found for countries with exchange rate flexibility, while the opposite effect of RER appreciation is observed in countries with a fixed exchange rate arrangement. It is possible to argue that spillover effects of German austerity on the CEE countries are dominated by capital flows or confidence measures while foreign demand or relative price channels are rather weak.
Źródło:
Metody Ilościowe w Badaniach Ekonomicznych; 2017, 18, 1; 110-119
2082-792X
Pojawia się w:
Metody Ilościowe w Badaniach Ekonomicznych
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The impact of insurance on economic growth in Central and Eastern European Countries against other European economies
Autorzy:
Laskowska, Iwona
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2123334.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet w Białymstoku. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku
Tematy:
insurance
economic growth
panel models
Central and Eastern European Countries
Opis:
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to assess the impact of the insurance sector on economic growth based on panel data for 31 European countries covering the period 2004–2019, with particular emphasis on the countries of Central and Eastern Europe. Method – Dynamic econometric models were used in the analysis (Generalised Method of Moments). An attempt was made to quantify the impact of the insurance sector on economic growth for selected indicators of activity in that sector (insurance density and market penetration) for 2004– –2019. Conclusions – Research using regression analysis has confirmed the importance of insurance activity (in total, life and property & casualty insurance) for economic growth in a group of 31 European countries. The analysis carried out for the group of CEE countries has not confirmed significant impact of any of the variables characterising the development of total insurance and life insurance markets on GDP per capita. However, a significant impact of property & casualty (P&C) insurance, expressed in terms of insurance density, has been confirmed. Originality/value/implications/recommendations – The results of the study may constitute a recommen-dation for supporting the further development of the insurance sector by formulating appropriate regulations and legal frameworks and by taking measures that can increase trust in the insurance sector and raise insurance awareness.
Źródło:
Optimum. Economic Studies; 2022, 2(108); 22-35
1506-7637
Pojawia się w:
Optimum. Economic Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Ostpolitik of Francoist Spain
Autorzy:
Luis, Orella, José
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/895172.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-05-30
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
Tematy:
Francoism
anti-communism
Ostpolitik
diplomacy
Central Europe
Eastern European countries
Opis:
Francoist Spain was not recognised by the Communist Bloc countries due to its support of the communities of political exiles. In 1969 a thaw in relations began at an economic level in search of markets for Spanish development. The timid contact would gradually increase and favour relationships away from political ideology, beneficial in economic terms, and this would prepare the basis of full future recognition, with the exchange of ambassadors in 1977.
Źródło:
Przegląd Europejski; 2017, 4 (46); 98-117
1641-2478
Pojawia się w:
Przegląd Europejski
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
From EU-centric approach to Multilevel governance: is it only the EU that holds the cards in the region? The role of international organizations and groupings in shaping the dynamics of process inherent in the region
Autorzy:
Grącik-Zajaczkowski, Małgorzata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2031497.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017-12-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
Central and Eastern European Countries
security and defense policy
European Union
NATO
OSCE
Opis:
This article focuses on the Central and Eastern European in the process of shaping their security relations. The aim of the paper is to present and analyze the evolution of security relations in the region under the aegis of the EU, NATO and the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE). The interplay of the institutions shows that the EU is not a single power in the European security system thus the maintenance of stable and peaceful relations depend mostly on cooperation between a number of institutions and groupings. The EU and NATO’ s role was central due to their policies of enlargement and the stabilization effects on third partner countries. The OSCE with its well promising position in Europe has been weaken due to decline of interests of major power states and its functions performed simultaneously by the EU and NATO. Both organizations have taken to a large extent the place of the OSCE.
Źródło:
Reality of Politics; 2017, 8; 30-44
2082-3959
Pojawia się w:
Reality of Politics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Unemployment among people aged 55-64 in selected Central and Eastern European countries
Autorzy:
Lesiak, Grzegorz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1178931.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN
Tematy:
Central and Eastern European countries
aging population
unemployed people aged 55-64
unemployment
Opis:
The main objective of this paper is to show the changes in the rate of unemployment of people in the old age in selected Central and Eastern European countries in the years 2007 - 2016. This phenomenon was shown both from the point of view of general population and gender. Additional analyzes were subjected to the phenomenon of unemployment in Poland. The aging of the population of European countries has also been analyzed, which is important for the professional activation of this group of people. The hypothesis of this work is that the level of unemployment in the elderly has deteriorated as a result of the economic crisis but after that has not improved in all analyzed countries. After the crisis for some countries , the situation started to improve (Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia), while other countries fluctuated (Estonia, Croatia, Romania). The conclusion is that the unemployment rate for women of a mature age is lower than for men.
Źródło:
World Scientific News; 2017, 89; 260-274
2392-2192
Pojawia się w:
World Scientific News
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Biodiversity conservation and monitoring – engagement and motivations of citizen scientists
Autorzy:
Grodzińska-Jurczak, Małgorzata
Kobierska, Hanna
Tusznio, Joanna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2079160.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
citizen scientists
volunteering
biodiversity conservation
NGOs
monitoring
Central Eastern European Countries
Nauki o Ziemi
Opis:
Biodiversity conservation cannot operate in Central Eastern European countries without a well-established monitoring system, that is dependent on the citizen scientists input. Here we analyse, based on a Polish case: (1) The contribution of NGOs to the national nature monitoring scheme and their collaboration with governmental and scientifi c institutions and (2) the motivation of citizen scientists to volunteer for NGOs’ monitoring activities. The study comprises a focus group interview, 30 in-depth interviews with coordinators, citizen scientists, experts and a 23 days long participant observation of a model NGO. We have assessed the monitoring input of NGOs as being a contributory factor infl uencing the biodiversity conservation effectiveness. The cooperation between governmental, scientifi c institutions and NGOs exists, but is dependent on national funding. Although NGOs highlight the lack of coherence in monitoring methodology, they are willing to join the biodiversity monitoring, especially at the European Ecological Network – Natura 2000 sites. On the other hand the trust concerning cooperation with citizen scientists is limited. However, despite this, they still turned out to be trustworthy partners. The most effective way to maintain cooperation with citizen scientists is to create a bond in a group and to provide them with the opportunity to develop their passion for nature. Our fi ndings have shed light on the growing importance of citizen scientists in biodiversity governance, providing recommendations for developBiodiversity conservation cannot operate in Central Eastern European countries without a well-established monitoring system, that is dependent on the citizen scientists input. Here we analyse, based on a Polish case: (1) The contribution of NGOs to the national nature monitoring scheme and their collaboration with governmental and scientifi c institutions and (2) the motivation of citizen scientists to volunteer for NGOs’ monitoring activities. The study comprises a focus group interview, 30 in-depth interviews with coordinators, citizen scientists, experts and a 23 days long participant observation of a model NGO. We have assessed the monitoring input of NGOs as being a contributory factor infl uencing the biodiversity conservation effectiveness. The cooperation between governmental, scientifi c institutions and NGOs exists, but is dependent on national funding. Although NGOs highlight the lack of coherence in monitoring methodology, they are willing to join the biodiversity monitoring, especially at the European Ecological Network – Natura 2000 sites. On the other hand the trust concerning cooperation with citizen scientists is limited. However, despite this, they still turned out to be trustworthy partners. The most effective way to maintain cooperation with citizen scientists is to create a bond in a group and to provide them with the opportunity to develop their passion for nature. Our fi ndings have shed light on the growing importance of citizen scientists in biodiversity governance, providing recommendations for development of the effective monitoring schemes based on the volunteer work of citizen scientists.ment of the effective monitoring schemes based on the volunteer work of citizen scientists.
Źródło:
Papers on Global Change; 2018, 25; 93-110
2300-8121
1730-802X
Pojawia się w:
Papers on Global Change
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Economic Growth, Corporate Earnings and Equity Returns: Evidence from Central and Eastern European Countries
Autorzy:
Gajdka, Jerzy
Pietraszewski, Piotr
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/633149.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016-09-01
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
economic growth
stock returns
earning per share
P/E ratio
Central and Eastern European countries
Opis:
This paper discusses the links between economic growth, corporate earnings and stock returns. Cross-country correlation studies do not confirm the intuitive assumption that higher returns on equities are more likely in the faster-growing countries. The problem can be analysed more deeply by analysing stock returns with respect to the growth of earnings per share (EPS) and changes in valuation (P/E ratio). Within this framework, two types of factors explaining the lack of correlation between GDP growth and stock returns are distinguished. The empirical research on developed and emerging market countries reveals that in the long run stock price returns are driven by companies’ earnings, and that the lack of correlation between GDP growth and equity returns is almost fully explained by the divergence between GDP growth and EPS growth. In this article the results of an investigation into this area, based on a sample of post-communist Central and Eastern European countries, are presented and discussed. It was found that in these countries changes in valuation (P/E ratio) appear to play an important role, cancelling the impact of EPS growth on stock returns.
Źródło:
Comparative Economic Research. Central and Eastern Europe; 2016, 19, 3; 93-111
1508-2008
2082-6737
Pojawia się w:
Comparative Economic Research. Central and Eastern Europe
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Selected Spatial Aspects of Industrial Restructuring in Central and Eastern European Countries in the Period before the 2008 Economic Crisis
Wybrane przestrzenne aspekty restrukturyzacji przemysłu w Europie Środkowo-Wschodniej przed kryzysem gospodarczym 2008 roku
Autorzy:
Smętkowski, Maciej
Celińska-Janowicz, Dorota
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/438446.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Pedagogiczny im. Komisji Edukacji Narodowej w Krakowie
Tematy:
Central and Eastern European Countries
industrial restructuring
regional development
kraje Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej
restrukturyzacja przemysłu
rozwój regionalny
Opis:
The aim of the article is to assess selected spatial aspects of industrial restructuring in the Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) countries in the run-up to the 2008 economic crisis. The study includes both a comparative analysis of deindustrialisation processes at the national level as well as changes in the importance of the industrial sector in the NUTS3 regions of the CEE countries. In particular, the analysis enabled to identify regions that, on the one hand, achieved economic success measured by GDP growth in comparison to the national average, and on the other hand regions that noted an increase in the importance of industry in the gross value added structure. In three selected regions an in-depth qualitative research was conducted, aimed at identifying development factors, including the role of institutions and external intervention in the economic restructuring processes. The study shows that the scale of success of regions that underwent a successful restructuring of industry was relatively small. In the development processes of the regions exogenous factors played a decisive role, in particular the inflow of foreign capital. In turn, the importance of endogenous factors, such as the growth of innovativeness of enterprises or the development of small and medium-sized Maciej Smętkowski Uniwersytet Warszawski, Centrum Europejskich Studiów Regionalnych i Lokalnych (EUROREG), Polska University of Warsaw, Centre for European Regional and Local Studies (EUROREG), Poland Dorota Celińska-Janowicz Uniwersytet Warszawski, Centrum Europejskich Studiów Regionalnych i Lokalnych (EUROREG), Polska University of Warsaw, Centre for European Regional and Local Studies (EUROREG), Poland enterprises was relatively small. What was identified as a particularly important factor was cooperation between the main stakeholders of the regional and local development, resulting in properly formulated strategies of the territorial structures’ development.
Artykuł ma na celu ocenę wybranych przestrzennych aspektów restrukturyzacji przemysłu w krajach Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej (EŚW) w okresie poprzedzającym kryzys gospodarczy w 2008 roku. Badania objęły zarówno porównawczą analizę procesów dezindustrializacji na poziomie krajowym, jak i zmiany znaczenia sektora przemysłowego w podregionach NUTS3 krajów EŚW. W szczególności zidentyfikowano te regiony, które z jednej strony odniosły sukces gospodarczy mierzony dynamiką wzrostu PKB w porównaniu do średniej krajowej, a z drugiej – odnotowały wzrost znaczenia przemysłu w strukturze wartości dodanej brutto. Trzy z nich objęte zostały pogłębionymi badaniami jakościowymi w ramach studiów przypadku, które miały na celu wskazanie czynników rozwoju, w tym roli instytucji i interwencji zewnętrznej w procesach restrukturyzacji gospodarczej. Badania pokazały, że skala sukcesu regionów, które przeszły udaną restrukturyzację przemysłu, była relatywnie niewielka. W procesach rozwoju tych regionów decydującą rolę odegrały czynniki egzogeniczne, w tym zwłaszcza napływ kapitału zagranicznego. Z kolei znaczenie czynników endogenicznych, takich jak wzrost innowacyjności przedsiębiorstw czy też rozwój małych i średnich firm, było w badanym okresie stosunkowo niewielkie. Istotna okazała się natomiast rozwinięta współpraca między głównymi interesariuszami rozwoju regionalnego i lokalnego, skutkująca właściwie sformułowanymi strategiami rozwoju układów terytorialnych objętych badaniami.
Źródło:
Prace Komisji Geografii Przemysłu Polskiego Towarzystwa Geograficznego; 2018, 32, 2; 38-59
2080-1653
Pojawia się w:
Prace Komisji Geografii Przemysłu Polskiego Towarzystwa Geograficznego
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Commodity price volatility, output growth and exchange rate dynamics in the Central and Eastern European countries
Autorzy:
Żyra, Agnieszka
Shevchuk, Solomiya
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/582416.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu
Tematy:
commodity prices
output
exchange rate
Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries
Opis:
This paper investigates the commodity price effects upon GDP growth and nominal effective exchange rate (NEER) dynamics in several Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries (the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Romania). Our main finding is that an increase in the world commodity price index is a factor behind a uniform exchange rate appreciation across all countries, with an acceleration in output growth in the Czech Republic and Hungary. Except for the Czech Republic, higher commodity price volatility is associated with exchange rate depreciation, while being neutral with respect to output growth. Among some other results, exchange rate dynamics seems to be independent of output growth in three out of four countries, while the effects of a foreign demand shock as proxied by Germany’s industrial production are quite homogeneous across nations.
Źródło:
Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu; 2018, 509; 509-520
1899-3192
Pojawia się w:
Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Managing regional development in CEE countries – the example of Initiative 16+1
Zarządzanie rozwojem regionalnym w krajach EŚW – przykład inicjatywy 16+1
Autorzy:
Zakić, Katarina
Tešić, Katarina
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1790739.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018-10-09
Wydawca:
Państwowa Uczelnia Stanisława Staszica w Pile
Tematy:
Economic development
Central and Eastern European countries
China
Serbia
Rozwój gospodarczy
Kraje Europy Środkowej i Wschodniej
Chiny
Opis:
Initiative 16+1 brings together 16 Central and Eastern European countries and China (CEEC) in a single project that aims to improve bilateral economic relations between China and those countries and the relations among CEE countries. This paper discuss the initiative as a good example of improvement in regional development and relations. The paper discusses the regional projects under the initiative from two different perspectives. Firstly, we discuss the regional projects that are or will be implemented in CEEC. The hypothesis is that with further strengthening of this initiative, regional development in CEEC will be improved. The methodology used in this part of the paper involves the use of available public data collected from reference papers and public sources. Secondly, we consider Serbia’s position in this initiative. The hypothesis here is that through this initiative and regional projects, Serbia will improve its regional economic position. For this purpose, data from the Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia are used. The authors analyse exports and imports between Serbia and other CEEC countries, before and during the initiative. The authors conclude that after six years we can already witness better regional development within the region, and Serbia is also improving its economic position due to the benefits of this initiative.
Inicjatywa 16+1 gromadzi 16 krajów z Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej i Chin w ramach jednego projektu, którego celem jest: poprawa dwustronnych stosunków gospodarczych między Chinami i tymi krajami oraz stosunków w ramach krajów EŚW. W dokumencie omówiona zostanie wyżej wymieniona inicjatywa jako dobry przykład poprawy rozwoju regionalnego i relacji. Autorzy artykułu omawiają projekty regionalne w ramach tej inicjatywy na dwa różne sposoby. Po pierwsze, omówione zostaną projekty regionalne, które są lub będą wdrażane w krajach Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej. Hipotezą artykułu jest: przy dalszym wzmacnianiu tej inicjatywy rozwój regionalny w CEEC będzie stały. Metodologia, która będzie stosowana w tej części dokumentu, zakłada wykorzystanie dostępnych danych publicznych, które można zgromadzić w dokumentach referencyjnych i źródłach publicznych. Po drugie, wzięto pod uwagę stanowisko Serbii w tej inicjatywie. Hipoteza brzmi: dzięki tej inicjatywie i projektom regionalnym Serbia poprawia swoją regionalną pozycję gospodarczą. W tym celu wykorzystano dane z Urzędu Statystycznego Republiki Serbii. Autorzy dokonali analizy eksportu i importu z Serbii do krajów Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej, przed i w trakcie tej inicjatywy. Autorzy doszli do wniosku, że już po sześciu latach można już być świadkami lepszego rozwoju regionalnego w regionie, a w Serbii poprawia się pozycję gospodarczą dzięki korzyściom płynącym z omawianej inicjatywy.
Źródło:
Progress in Economic Sciences; 2018, 5; 95-109
2300-4088
Pojawia się w:
Progress in Economic Sciences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Niemcy wobec postkomunistycznego bloku w Europie Środkowo-Wschodniej w latach 1990–1995
Germany towards the post-communist bloc in Central and Eastern Europe from 1990 to 1995
Autorzy:
Koszel, Bogdan
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/17867258.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Krakowska Akademia im. Andrzeja Frycza Modrzewskiego
Tematy:
Niemcy
państwa Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej
ustanowienie nowych relacji
Germany
Central and Eastern European countries
establishment of new relations
Opis:
Autor dokonał analizy zaangażowania zjednoczonych Niemiec w proces stabilizacji i reform wolnorynkowych w pięciu państwach byłego bloku wschodniego: Polsce, Czechosłowacji (od 1993: Czech i Słowacji), na Węgrzech, w Rumunii i Bułgarii w latach 1990 – 1995. Przybliżył wielowątkową dyskusję w Niemczech na temat konieczności bądź niecelowości zainteresowania się Niemiec tym regionem Europy. Wskazał powody, dla których Niemcy pomimo problemów z reunifikacją wzięły na siebie rolę promotora interesów wymienionych państw we WE/UE, choć stopień tego poparcia był zróżnicowany – na największe mogły liczyć Węgry, Polska i Czechosłowacja: Niemcy traktatowo zobowiązały się do poparcia starań tych państw o stowarzyszenie i członkostwo w UE. Autor wskazał na rolę podpisanych przez Niemcy układów o dobrym sąsiedztwie i przyjaznej współpracy (Polska, Czechosłowacja) oraz o przyjaźni i partnerstwie w Europie (Węgry, Bułgaria, Rumunia), które wytyczały zasady współpracy tych państw ze zjednoczonymi Niemcami w przyszłości.
The paper looks at the involvement of united Germany in the stabilisation and free market reforms in five former Eastern Bloc countries – Poland, Czechoslovakia (from 1993 on: the Czech Republic and Slovakia), Hungary, Romania, and Bulgaria – in the years 1990–1995. The text offers an overview of the multifaceted debates held in Germany at that time on the country’s need to do so and its interest in this particular area of Europe, pointing to the reasons why Germany, despite the variety of reunification problems it was facing, undertook the task of promoting the interests of these countries within the EC/EU, although the degree of this support varied. The countries that could rely on the greatest support from Germany were Hungary, Poland and Czechoslovakia, as Germany was treaty-bound to support these countries’ efforts geared towards association with and membership of the EU. Emphasis has also been placed on the role of the agreements on good neighbourhood and friendly cooperation, signed by Germany (Poland, Czechoslovakia), as well as on friendship and partnership in Europe (Hungary, Bulgaria, Romania), which guided the principles of future cooperation of these countries with united Germany.
Źródło:
Bezpieczeństwo. Teoria i Praktyka; 2023, L, 1; 41-56
1899-6264
2451-0718
Pojawia się w:
Bezpieczeństwo. Teoria i Praktyka
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Intra-industry Trade as a Measure of Specialisation Changes in the EU-10 Countries in 1995–2014
Autorzy:
Kawecka-Wyrzykowska, Elżbieta
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/558142.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Centrum Europejskie
Tematy:
Intra-industry Trade,
Horizontal Intra-industry Trade,
Vertical Intra-industry Trade,
EU-10 Countries,
Trade Specialisation,
Central and Eastern European Countries
Opis:
In this paper we identify trade specialisation changes in the 10 Central and Eastern European countries which joined the European Union after 2004 (EU-10, without Croatia). We measure those changes using indices of the intra-industry trade (IIT), i.e. is of simultaneous exports and imports of products belonging to the same industry. We conclude that the pattern of inter-industry trade based on comparative advantages is still dominating in the EU-10, but its role has been decreasing. At the same time, almost all the EU-10 countries recorded a significant rise in the proportion of high quality vertically differentiated products, thus showing the improved competitiveness of their exports. According to the theory, such type of specialisation is based on factors such as human capital and R&D. We also identifi ed the increasing role of IIT in horizontally differentiated products trade (i.e. simultaneous exports and imports of products of similar quality and technology) in the EU-10, typical for more developed countries and refl ecting income convergence. This paper extends earlier studies by using more recent data and a long period for comparison of IIT developments (20 years) and by covering all 10 Central and Eastern European countries which joined the EU.
Źródło:
Studia Europejskie - Studies in European Affairs; 2017, 3; 117-135
1428-149X
2719-3780
Pojawia się w:
Studia Europejskie - Studies in European Affairs
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Economic Growth and Stock Prices: Evidence from Central and Eastern European Countries
Wzrost gospodarczy a ceny akcji w krajach Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej
Autorzy:
Gajdka, Jerzy
Pietraszewski, Piotr
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/596330.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Łódzkie Towarzystwo Naukowe
Tematy:
economic growth
stock returns
Central and Eastern European countries
wzrost gospodarczy
stopy zwrotu z akcji
kraje Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej
Opis:
The paper discusses the problem of relations between a capital market and real economy measured by the cross-country correlation between long-term stock rate of return and real GDP growth. According to some research results, the correlation is negative for most developed countries in the long run. Other studies indicate rather the lack of correlation, both for highly developed and emerging market countries. The aim of the paper is to present these somewhat controversial results and review plausible reasons for the observed tendencies. The second aim is to present the results of our research obtained with a sample of Central and Eastern European countries, in which capital market began to develop only after the fall of communism, so quite recently. They allow the conclusion that in the CEE economies the correlation between economic growth and equity returns is either positive or unclear. It is difficult to find all reasons why it is so, however, generally these results show that it is difficult to find clear relationship between stock market and economic growth in the world economies.
W artykule omówiono związek pomiędzy koniunkturą giełdową a realną sferą gospodarki, mierzony korelacją pomiędzy stopą zwrotu z rynku akcji a stopą wzrostu PKB. Z niektórych wcześniejszych badań wynika, że związek ten w krajach wysoko rozwiniętych w długim okresie ma charakter korelacji negatywnej. Inne badania wskazują raczej na brak korelacji, zarówno dla krajów wysoko rozwiniętych, jak i rynków wschodzących. Celem artykułu jest zaprezentowanie tych nieco kontrowersyjnych wyników i przegląd możliwych przyczyn zaobserwowanych tendencji. W prezentowanym artykule przedstawiono również rezultaty własnych badań omawianej relacji, przeprowadzonych na próbie państw Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej, w których rynek kapitałowy zaczął rozwijać się dopiero po upadku komunizmu, a więc od relatywnie niedługiego okresu. Jak wykazały wyniki badania, w państwach Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej można mówić raczej o korelacji pozytywnej lub też braku korelacji pomiędzy wzrostem gospodarczym a stopami zwrotu z akcji. Trudno wskazać na jednoznaczną przyczynę tego stanu, ale uzyskane rezultaty wskazują, że nie można w sposób jednoznaczny określić związku, który występuje pomiędzy wzrostem gospodarczym a rynkiem akcji w poszczególnych krajach.
Źródło:
Studia Prawno-Ekonomiczne; 2016, XCVIII; 179-196
0081-6841
Pojawia się w:
Studia Prawno-Ekonomiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 30

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