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Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 39
Tytuł:
Ac Conductivity and Dielectric Properties of Amorphous $Ge_{15}Se_{60}X_{25}$ ( X = As or Sn) Films
Autorzy:
Hegab, N.
Afifi, M.
Atyia, H.
Ismael, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1505386.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011-03
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
Tematy:
72.80.Ng
77.22.-d
Opis:
The ac conductivity and dielectric properties of $Ge_{15}Se_{60} X_{25}$ (X = As or Sn) thin films are reported in this paper. The thin films were deposited by thermal evaporation at $10^{-5}$ Torr pressure. The films were well characterized by X-ray diffraction, differential thermal analysis and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The ac conductivity was measured over temperature range 303-413 K and frequency range $10^2-10^5$ Hz. The frequency dependence of the ac conductivity was found to be linear with slope which lies very close to unity and is independent of temperature. This behavior can be explained in terms of the correlated barrier hopping between centers forming intimate valence alternation pairs. Values of the dielectric constant $ε_1$ were found to decrease with frequency and increase with temperature. The maximum barrier height $W_{m}$ for each sample, which was calculated from the dielectric measurements according to the Guinitin equation, agrees with the theory of hopping of charge carriers over potential barrier as suggested by Elliott in case of chalcogenide glasses. The density of localized state near the Fermi level was estimated for the studied films.
Źródło:
Acta Physica Polonica A; 2011, 119, 3; 416-423
0587-4246
1898-794X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Physica Polonica A
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
AC Conductivity and Dielectric Properties οf Amorphous $Te_{42}As_{36}Ge_{10}Si_{12}$ Glass
Autorzy:
Hegab, N.
El-Mallah, H.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1585075.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009-12
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
Tematy:
72.80.Ng
77.22.-d
Opis:
$Te_{42}As_{36}Ge_{10}Si_{12}$ chalcogenide composition was prepared by conventional melt-quenching. The ac conductivity and the dielectric properties were carried out in the frequency range 0.5×$10^{3}$-4×$10^{6}$ Hz and temperature range 300-423 K. The analysis of the experimental results of the frequency dependence of ac conductivity $σ_{ac}(ω)$ indicates that $σ_{ac}(ω)$ is proportional to $ω^{s}$ where s> 1. The temperature dependence of both ac conductivity and the parameter s is reasonably well interpreted by the correlated barrier hopping model. The maximum barrier height $W_{m}$ calculated from ac conductivity and the density of localized states were determined. Values of dielectric constant $ε_{1}$ and dielectric loss $ε_{2}$ were found to decrease with frequency and increase with temperature. The analysis of dielectric loss leads to determine the barrier height $W_{m}$ and agrees with that proposed by the theory of hopping of charge carriers over potential barrier between charged defect states as suggested by Elliott in case of chalcogenide glasses.
Źródło:
Acta Physica Polonica A; 2009, 116, 6; 1048-1052
0587-4246
1898-794X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Physica Polonica A
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ac Conductivity Measurement of $Cd_{5}Se_{95-x}Zn_{x}$ Chalcogenide Semiconductor Using Correlated Barrier Hopping Model
Autorzy:
Ganaie, Mohsin
Zulfequar, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1402318.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015-07
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
Tematy:
72.80.Ng
77.22.-d
Opis:
$Cd_{5}Se_{95-x}Zn_{x}$ (x=0, 2, 4, 6) chalcogenide semiconductors were prepared by conventional melt-quenching and were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared studies. Ac conductivity of $Cd_{5}Se_{95-x}Zn_{x}$ chalcogenide semiconductor has been investigated in the frequency range of 1 kHz-1 MHz and in the temperature range of 290-370 K. The analysis of the experimental results indicates that the ac conductivity is temperature, frequency and concentration dependent. Ac conductivity is found to obey the power law $\omega^{s}$ where s < 1. A strong dependence of ac conductivity and exponent s can be well interpreted in terms of correlated barrier hopping model. The maximum barrier height W_{m} were calculated from the results of dielectric loss according to the Guintini equation that agree with the theory of hopping of charge carriers over potential barrier as suggested by Elliot in case of chalcogenide semiconductors.
Źródło:
Acta Physica Polonica A; 2015, 128, 1; 59-63
0587-4246
1898-794X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Physica Polonica A
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Application of High Permittivity Bismuth Copper Titanate in Multilayer Capacitors
Autorzy:
Szwagierczak, D.
Kulawik, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1490915.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012-01
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
Tematy:
77.22.-d
81.20.-n
84.32.Tt
85.40.Xx
Opis:
A nonferroelectric high permittivity compound with the perovskite structure, $Bi_{2//3}Cu_3Ti_4O_{12}$, was synthesized at 900°C. The ceramic powder and appropriate organic additives were used for preparation of a slurry for tape casting. The obtained green tapes were smooth, flexible, and with a uniform thickness of 25 μm after drying at 50°C. Ag electrodes were screen printed on green rectangular sheets cut by a laser. Subsequent operations were screen printing of Ag internal electrodes, stacking of green sheets, isostatic lamination, cutting, deposition of external terminations and co-firing of dielectric and conductive layers at 850°C. Scanning electron microscopy observations showed well sintered, dense, fine-grained microstructure of ceramic layers and good cooperation with the electrodes made of commercial Ag paste. Capacitance and dissipation factor of multilayer capacitors were examined in the temperature range from - 55 to 330C at frequencies 10 Hz-2 MHz. The fabricated multilayer capacitors exhibit high capacitance and relatively low temperature coefficient of capacitance in the temperature range from - 55 to 110°C. The obtained lead-free high permittivity nonferroelectric material $Bi_{2//3}Cu_3Ti_4O_{12}$ is a spontaneously formed internal barrier capacitor. This material seems to be a promising alternative for conventional lead-based relaxor dielectrics in multilayer ceramic capacitors.
Źródło:
Acta Physica Polonica A; 2012, 121, 1; 119-121
0587-4246
1898-794X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Physica Polonica A
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Birefringent and Dielectric Properties of [N(C$\text{}_{2}$H$\text{}_{5}$)$\text{}_{4}$]$\text{}_{2}$ZnBr$\text{}_{4}$ and [N(C$\text{}_{2}$H$\text{}_{5}$)$\text{}_{4}$]$\text{}_{2}$CdBr$\text{}_{4}$ Crystals
Autorzy:
Sveleba, S.
Mokryi, V.
Polovinko, I.
Kapustyanik, V.
Trybuła, Z.
Petrenko, P.
Kiosse, G.
Kravtsov, V.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1929349.pdf
Data publikacji:
1993-06
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
Tematy:
77.22.Ch
77.22.-d
78.20.Fm
64.70.-p
Opis:
Dielectric and birefringent properties of [N(C$\text{}_{2}$H$\text{}_{5}$)$\text{}_{4}$]$\text{}_{2}$ZnBr$\text{}_{4}$ and [N(C$\text{}_{2}$H$\text{}_{5}$)$\text{}_{4}$]$\text{}_{2}$CdBr$\text{}_{4}$ crystals were investigated. It has been ascertained that two phase transitions manifest themselves in the temperature dependencies є(T) for [N(C$\text{}_{2}$H$\text{}_{5}$)$\text{}_{4}$]$\text{}_{2}$CdBr$\text{}_{4}$ crystal - a second-order transition at T$\text{}_{1}$ = 311 K and a first-order one - at T$\text{}_{2}$ = 39 K (∆T$\text{}_{2}$ = 11 K). Besides two earlier known phase transitions in [N(C$\text{}_{2}$H$\text{}_{5}$)$\text{}_{4}$]$\text{}_{2}$ZnBr$\text{}_{4}$ at T$\text{}_{1}$ = 350 K and T$\text{}_{2}^{c\o\ol}$ = 282.8 K (∆T$\text{}_{2}$ ≈ 2.3 K), the additional one was found at T*$\text{}_{2}$ = 287.0 K, both on the cooling and heating runs. On the basis of the data about the peculiarities of dielectric and optical properties in the vicinity of T$\text{}_{2}$ one can made the conclusion about the ferroelectric character of the phase, situated between T*$\text{}_{2}$ and T$\text{}_{2}^{c\o\ol}$.
Źródło:
Acta Physica Polonica A; 1993, 83, 6; 777-784
0587-4246
1898-794X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Physica Polonica A
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Cole-Cole Plots for Linear and Nonlinear Dielectric Relaxation in Solutions of Rigid Highly Dipolar Symmetric-Top Molecules in Spherical Solvents
Autorzy:
Alexiewicz, W.
Grygiel, K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1812032.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008-10
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
Tematy:
05.40.Jc
77.22.-d
77.22.Gm
Opis:
The graphical analysis of the influence of the rotational diffusion tensor anisotropy and the orientation of the permanent dipole moment on the linear and nonlinear dielectric relaxation is shown. The solution of Smoluchowski-Debye rotational diffusion equation for rigid, and noninteracting polar, symmetric-top molecules, in the "weak molecular reorientation approximation", was used. In order to highlight the influence of the symmetric shape of molecule, in comparison with classical, spherical-top Smoluchowski rotational diffusion, we present sets of Argand-type plots and three-dimensional Cole-Cole diagrams for linear and nonlinear electric susceptibilities. The results indicate that, in describing the nonlinear dielectric relaxation, the simplest spherical-top rotational diffusion model may be a sufficient approximation in some special cases only.
Źródło:
Acta Physica Polonica A; 2008, 114, 4; 687-698
0587-4246
1898-794X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Physica Polonica A
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Cryptocurrency with a Conscience: Using Artificial Intelligence to Develop Money that Advances Human Ethical Values
Autorzy:
Gladden, Matthew E
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/652839.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015-12
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
cryptocurrency
socially responsible investing
payment systems
business ethics
economic cybernetics
A13
D14
E22
G21
O33
Opis:
Cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin are offering new avenues for economic empowerment to individuals around the world. However, they also provide a powerful tool that facilitates criminal activities such as human trafficking and illegal weapons sales that cause great harm to individuals and communities. Cryptocurrency advocates have argued that the ethical dimensions of cryptocurrency are not qualitatively new, insofar as money has always been understood as a passive instrument that lacks ethical values and can be used for good or ill purposes. In this paper, we challenge such a presumption that money must be ‘value-neutral.’ Building on advances in artificial intelligence, cryptography, and machine ethics, we argue that it is possible to design artificially intelligent cryptocurrencies that are not ethically neutral but which autonomously regulate their own use in a way that reflects the ethical values of particular human beings – or even entire human societies. We propose a technological framework for such cryptocurrencies and then analyse the legal, ethical, and economic implications of their use. Finally, we suggest that the development of cryptocurrencies possessing ethical as well as monetary value can provide human beings with a new economic means of positively influencing the ethos and values of their societies.
Źródło:
Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym; 2015, 18, 4
1899-2226
2353-4869
Pojawia się w:
Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Dielectric and Ac Conductivity Studies of Mn-Doped $Na_{1.86}Li_{0.10}K_{0.04}Ti_3O_7$ Ceramics
Autorzy:
Singh, R.
Shripal, S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1206481.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014-01
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
Tematy:
72.10.Bg
72.20.Ee
72.60.+g
77.22.-d
77.22.Gm
77.22.Jp
Opis:
Dielectric-spectroscopic and ac conductivity studies on 0.01 and 1.0 molar percentage manganese doped layered $Na_{1.86}Li_{0.10}K_{0.04}Ti_3O_7$ ceramics have been reported. The dependence of loss tangent (tan δ) and relative permittivity ($ε_{r}$) on temperature in the range 350-775 K and on frequency in the range 10 kHz-1 MHz have been undertaken. The losses are the characteristics of dipole mechanism, electrical conduction and space charge polarization. The obtained conductivity plots between log($σ_{ac}T$) versus 1000/T have been divided into four regions namely region I, II, III, and IV. The mechanism of conduction in region I is acknowledged to electronic hopping conduction. The less frequency and more temperature dependent region II is ascribed as a mixed mechanism "associated interlayer ionic conduction, electron hopping, and alkali ion hopping conduction". The unassociated interlayer ionic conduction along with alkali ion hopping conduction mechanisms are contributing to the transport process in the mid temperature region III. The mechanism of conduction in the highest temperature region IV may be recognized as the modified interlayer ionic conduction. The conductivity versus frequency curves lead to conclude that the electronic hopping conduction diminishes with the rise of temperature.
Źródło:
Acta Physica Polonica A; 2014, 125, 1; 67-72
0587-4246
1898-794X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Physica Polonica A
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Dielectric and Conductivity Anisotropy in Liquid Crystalline Phases of Strongly Polar Thioesters
Autorzy:
Mikułko, A.
Fraś, M.
Marzec, M.
Wróbel, S.
Ossowska-Chruściel, M.
Chruściel, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1813171.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008-04
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
Tematy:
61.30.-v
61.30.Eb
77.22.-d
66.10.Ed
Opis:
The main objective of this paper is to study dielectric properties of two compounds of acronyms 5OSCl and 6OSCl having strongly polar bond (C-Cl) at para position. Dielectric measurements were done in the frequency range from 40 Hz to 15 MHz. The dielectric spectra were measured for two principal alignments. For homeotropic alignment, the reorientation of molecule around the short molecular axis was observed. Both substances studied exhibit large positive dielectric anisotropy and the anisotropy of conductivity was obtained in smectic A as well as nematic phase.
Źródło:
Acta Physica Polonica A; 2008, 113, 4; 1155-1160
0587-4246
1898-794X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Physica Polonica A
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Dielectric and X-ray Studies of Eleventh and Twelfth Members of Two Isothiocyanato Mesogenic Compounds
Autorzy:
Jasiurkowska, M.
Budziak, A.
Czub, J.
Urban, S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2047170.pdf
Data publikacji:
2006-12
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
Tematy:
61.10.Eq
61.66.Hq
64.70.Md
77.22.-d
77.22.Gm
Opis:
Results of the dielectric and X-ray studies of the long-alkyl-chain members (n=11, 12) of two homologous series: nBT (4-n-alkyl-4'-isothiocyanato-biphenyl) and nCHBT (4-trans-4'-n-alkyl-cyclohexyl-isothiocyanato-benzene) in their liquid crystalline phases are presented. These compounds exhibit different polymorphisms: the nematic phase for $n$CHBTs and the smectic E and smectic A phases for nBTs. The dielectric measurements were performed in a wide frequency range of 1 kHz-3 GHz. The layer thickness in the smectic E and smectic A phases and the orthorhombic unit cell parameters of the smectic E phase were determined using the small angle X-ray diffraction method. In the smectic E phase the layer-thickness-to-molecular-length ratios are found to be close to 1. The corresponding ratios observed for the smectic A phase of $n$BTs are considerably higher (≈1.24), which indicates that an alternating head-to-tail arrangement of molecules in the layers is favored. The rotational dynamics of molecules in the smectic E phases is discussed in relation to their packing in a unit cell.
Źródło:
Acta Physica Polonica A; 2006, 110, 6; 795-805
0587-4246
1898-794X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Physica Polonica A
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Dielectric Properties of Isatomalononitrile
Autorzy:
Khalil, S. M.
Hassaan, A. M. A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1929188.pdf
Data publikacji:
1993-04
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
Tematy:
77.22.-d
Opis:
The paper reports dielectric measurements carried out for isatomalononitrile at different temperatures (346 to 383 K) and various frequencies (50 to 5 × 10$\text{}^{5}$ Hz). Kramers-Kronig relations are used to ascertain the magnitude of the dc conductivity and to enhance the reliability of dielectric measurements. The analysis of the results shows that there exist certain very slow dielectric phenomena in isatomalononitrile. The frequency dependent conductivity of isatomalononitrile increases approximately linear with frequency. The frequency exponent has the value of 0.5, independent of temperature.
Źródło:
Acta Physica Polonica A; 1993, 83, 4; 477-480
0587-4246
1898-794X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Physica Polonica A
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Dielectric Properties of K$\text{}_{1-x}$(NH$\text{}_{4}$)$\text{}_{x}$H$\text{}_{2}$PO$\text{}_{4}$ (x= 0.095) Crystal
Autorzy:
Kaszyński, J.
Trybuła, Z.
Małuszyńska, H.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2043401.pdf
Data publikacji:
2005-07
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
Tematy:
77.84.Fa
77.22.-d
77.22.Ch
77.22.Gm
77.80.-e
64.70.Pf
Opis:
Temperature dependences of the dielectric permittivity were studied for the ferroelectric K$\text{}_{1-x}$(NH$\text{}_{4}$)$\text{}_{x}$H$\text{}_{2}$PO$\text{}_{4}$ mixed crystal. The experiments revealed presence of the beginning of the dipolar glass - embryos in the concentration of ammonium x=0.095. Observations of the dielectric relaxations show much bigger effect domain mechanism than the one related to the growth of clusters of the dipolar glass.
Źródło:
Acta Physica Polonica A; 2005, 108, 1; 103-106
0587-4246
1898-794X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Physica Polonica A
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Dielectric Properties of Magnetic Liquids in High Electric Fields
Autorzy:
Herchl, F.
Kopčanský, P.
Timko, M.
Koneracká, M.
Marton, K.
Kolcunová, I.
Tomčo, L.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1813918.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008-01
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
Tematy:
75.50.Mm
77.22.-d
Opis:
In this work, dielectric properties of magnetic fluids composed of magnetite particles dispersed in transformer oil and subjected to a uniform magnetic field were investigated at the high alternating electric field intensities in the range of 0.5-2.5 MV/m. Dielectric stability of the magnetic fluid with the particle volume concentrationΦ= 0.0019 was observed. The magnetic fluid with the concentrationΦ= 0.019 showed the significant changes of permittivity and dielectric losses, too.
Źródło:
Acta Physica Polonica A; 2008, 113, 1; 569-572
0587-4246
1898-794X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Physica Polonica A
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Dielectric Properties of Triglycine Sulphate Crystals Admixtured With D- and DL-Phenylalanine
Autorzy:
Stankowska, J.
Peter, E.
Trybula, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2014028.pdf
Data publikacji:
2000-06
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
Tematy:
77.22.-d
Opis:
The paper reports studies on the effect of D-phenylalanine and DL-phenylalanine admixtures on dielectric properties and domain structure of triglycine sulphate crystals. Permittivity ε and loss tangent tgδ were measured in a wide range of temperatures (10-340 K) as a function of measuring field varied from 1 to 10000 kHz, for samples cut out from two growth pyramids (001) and (110) from triglycine sulphate crystals containing different concentrations of admixtures. A comparison of the effects of D-phenylalanine and DL-phenylalanine admixtures on dielectric properties of triglycine sulphate crystals was made. With increasing concentrations of admixtures in the crystals, the values of ε$\text{}_{max}$ decreased while E$\text{}_{c}$ and E$\text{}_{b}$ (bias field) increased, and P$\text{}_{s}$ and T$\text{}_{c}$ showed insignificant changes. Observations of the domain structure of the admixtured crystals by the liquid crystal method proved its refinement and irregularity. Changes in the domain structure of the crystals occurring in the process of spontaneous ageing were analysed.
Źródło:
Acta Physica Polonica A; 2000, 97, 6; 1061-1072
0587-4246
1898-794X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Physica Polonica A
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Dielectric Relaxation Phenomena in SBN Single Crystals Doped with Ce
Autorzy:
Korchak, Yu.
Kapustianyk, V.
Fedor, B.
Girnyk, I.
Eliyashevskyi, Yu.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1505140.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011-06
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
Tematy:
77.22.-d
77.22.Ch
77.22.Gm
77.80.Jk
Opis:
The dielectric study of $Sr_{0.73}Ba_{0.27}Nb_2O_6:Ce$ (SBN) crystals along [010] crystallographic axis was performed in the temperature region of 310-360 K and frequency range from 25 Hz up to 1 MHz. The thermal dipole relaxation of quasi-Debye-type for this orientation of sample was observed in both investigated structural phases. The phase transition was most clearly seen from the temperature dependence of the relaxation time at $T_{c}$ = 320 K. The relaxation processes were related to the collective oscillations of the Nb-O bonds in the two different type corner-sharing $NbO_6$ octahedra aligned along c-axis.
Źródło:
Acta Physica Polonica A; 2011, 119, 6; 871-874
0587-4246
1898-794X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Physica Polonica A
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 39

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