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Tytuł:
D-Rybono-1,4-lakton. Część 1, Otrzymywanie i wybrane pochodne
D-Ribono-1,4-lactone. Part 1, Preparation and seleced derivatives
Autorzy:
Madaj, J.
Samaszko-Fiertek, J.
Ślusarz, R.
Dmochowska, B.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/171744.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Chemiczne
Tematy:
D-Rybono-1,4-lakton
otrzymywanie
wybrane pochodne
D-Ribono-1,4-lactone
preparation
seleced derivatives
Opis:
Sugars are extremely important chiral substrates in organic synthesis. Thanks to the possibility of obtaining them from natural sources, their prices are relatively low which increases their attractiveness. d-Ribono-1,4-lactone is included in these compounds. For years it has enjoyed great interest as a substrate. In the early 1980’s two review articles were published in reputable journals [4, 5]. It has been a long time since these articles were published so we have decided to prepare a more up- -to-date review article in Polish. d-Ribono-1,4-lactone can be synthesized in many ways. The most interesting way seems to be the oxidation with KMnO4 [9] or molecular Br2 [10]. The use of bromine may appear to be harmful to the environment. That is why the search for more environmentally friendly methods is ongoing. However, the new methods are not as sufficiently satisfactory and often more expensive than the conventional, previously named methods. Therefore, the most commonly used method is the oxidation of D-ribose with molecular bromine. Very important derivatives of d-ribonolactone are acetal derivatives: 2,3-O-isopropylidene [10, 16] and 3,4-O-benzylidene derivatives [17]. They are often the starting materials for further synthesis. In the case of the latter compound the proper structure was determined by crystallography many years after its synthesis [18]. Very important group of derivatives are derivatives modificated at C-5: sulphonic [21], fluorine [22], chlorine [23], bromine [16, 24], azide [25] and phosphate [27]. Especially important are 5-bromo-5-deoxy derivatives. Examples of their use for the synthesis of thioalditols and thiosugars are described in the literature. It is also worth mentioning the possibility of synthesis of 1,2-unsaturated [28–30] and 2,3-unsaturated [31] derivatives. Presented examples of derivatives prove that using a d-ribono-1,4-lactone a whole range of derivatives extremely useful for further synthesis of more complex compounds can be obtained.
Źródło:
Wiadomości Chemiczne; 2017, 71, 11-12; 844-859
0043-5104
2300-0295
Pojawia się w:
Wiadomości Chemiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Does a Change of Occupation Lead to Higher Earnings?
Autorzy:
Liberda, Barbara
Pęczkowski, Marek
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/465987.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Główny Urząd Statystyczny
Tematy:
income
earning
mobility
occupation
hired work
self-employment JEL: D11, D12, D14
Opis:
The aim of this paper is to identify how the mobility between different types of broadly defined occupation (hired work, self-employment in industry, services and agriculture or social security beneficiaries) changes personal income of individuals. We apply the Markov matrices to the panel data on 30,540 individuals for 2007-2008 from the Polish Household Budget Surveys. Our hypothesis is that a change of occupation affects individual capability to earn income, controlling for the occupation a person quits and the occupation a person starts, as well as age, education level and a permanent or temporary character of work. We test our hypothesis using the regression analysis. Our results show that the inter-occupational mobility matters mostly for those quitting hired work for self-employment, for the better educated, as well as for respondents above 60 years of age.
Źródło:
Statistics in Transition new series; 2011, 12, 1; 193-206
1234-7655
Pojawia się w:
Statistics in Transition new series
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
D-Rybono-1,4-lakton. Część 2, Wykorzystanie w syntezie organicznej – wybrane reakcje
D-Ribono-1,4-lactone. Part 2, Use in organic synthesis – selected reactions
Autorzy:
Madaj, J.
Samaszko-Fiertek, J.
Ślusarz, R.
Dmochowska, B.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/171521.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Chemiczne
Tematy:
D-Rybono-1,4-lakton
C-glikozydy
analogi nukleozydów
neplanocyna
D-ribono-1,4-lactone
C-glycosides
nucleosides analogs
neplanocin
Opis:
There are many examples of syntheses with d-ribono-1,4-lactone as a substrate. Among all, its biggest advantage is undoubtedly its accessibility. It can be synthesized on a large scale from naturally available raw materials. Its characteristic feature is the stable configuration of individual carbon atoms in multiple reaction conditions. Very important is the presence of a carbonyl moiety, allowing for a variety of additions which is crucial for carbon-carbon bond formation, the most difficult synthesis in organic chemistry. In this article we present selected examples of articles that were published after 1984. In this year, the second article describing the Use of d-Ribonolactone in Organic Synthesis [36] was published. After this time many articles describing the use of the entitled lactone as a substrate in organic synthesis were published. We thought it would be worthwhile to present in Polish a selection of them. C-Glycosides and nucleoside analogs are a particularly important type of synthesized products. Examples of their synthesis are presented in this work, namely, neplanocin A [5], B [31] and F [24], citreovirdin [14], 2-bromopyridin α- and β-d-ribofuranosides [10], 4-deazaformicin A [27] and varitriol [ 33].
Źródło:
Wiadomości Chemiczne; 2017, 71, 11-12; 861-885
0043-5104
2300-0295
Pojawia się w:
Wiadomości Chemiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wykorzystanie nowoczesnych technologii przez instytucje finansowe w procesie przeciwdziałania wykluczeniu finansowemu
The Use of Modern Technology by Financial Institutions in Combating Financial Exclusion
Autorzy:
Cichowicz, Ewa
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/965033.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016-02
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
financial exclusion
financial education
Information and Communication Technologies (ICT)
D14
G21
O33
Opis:
Financial exclusion can be considered one of the important problems at the average level of socioeconomic development, which includes, among others, Poland. It consists in the presence of difficulties in accessing and/or using financial products and services on the main market that are suitable for the needs of individuals, and prevents them from leading a normal life in society. Due to its own characteristics and the trends in financial markets, this phenomenon is closely linked to the issue of the digital divide. Accordingly, it can be seen that solutions leading to the reduction of the financial exclusion are based on tools using information technology innovations and modern technologies. One of the methods recognized as the most effective in this area is financial education, which is aimed largely at children and adolescents, which justifies additionally the choice of such tools. It was equally important to determine the extent to which modern instruments are preferred in comparison to traditional ones. The aim of this paper will be the analysis of the solutions based on modern technologies that are used in actions taken to prevent financial exclusion in selected EU countries, including Poland. The structure of the paper is as follows: the first part will present the problem of financial exclusion (identifying groups particularly at risk), then it will review methods of preventing and combating financial exclusion, with particular emphasis on modern ICT tools, and the final part will indicate the possible directions and barriers facing the solutions that may lead to a reduced level of financial exclusion of individuals. The method made use of indepth analysis of the literature and a review of existing solutions, which financial institutions provide on the Web.
Źródło:
Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym; 2016, 19, 1
1899-2226
2353-4869
Pojawia się w:
Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Cryptocurrency with a Conscience: Using Artificial Intelligence to Develop Money that Advances Human Ethical Values
Autorzy:
Gladden, Matthew E
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/652839.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015-12
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
cryptocurrency
socially responsible investing
payment systems
business ethics
economic cybernetics
A13
D14
E22
G21
O33
Opis:
Cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin are offering new avenues for economic empowerment to individuals around the world. However, they also provide a powerful tool that facilitates criminal activities such as human trafficking and illegal weapons sales that cause great harm to individuals and communities. Cryptocurrency advocates have argued that the ethical dimensions of cryptocurrency are not qualitatively new, insofar as money has always been understood as a passive instrument that lacks ethical values and can be used for good or ill purposes. In this paper, we challenge such a presumption that money must be ‘value-neutral.’ Building on advances in artificial intelligence, cryptography, and machine ethics, we argue that it is possible to design artificially intelligent cryptocurrencies that are not ethically neutral but which autonomously regulate their own use in a way that reflects the ethical values of particular human beings – or even entire human societies. We propose a technological framework for such cryptocurrencies and then analyse the legal, ethical, and economic implications of their use. Finally, we suggest that the development of cryptocurrencies possessing ethical as well as monetary value can provide human beings with a new economic means of positively influencing the ethos and values of their societies.
Źródło:
Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym; 2015, 18, 4
1899-2226
2353-4869
Pojawia się w:
Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Market reactions to dividends announcements: evidence from the Warsaw Stock Exchange
Autorzy:
Gnap, Michał
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2120157.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-06-30
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
signalling hypothesis
Warsaw Stock Exchange
dividend policy
JEL Codes: D82, G14, G35
teoria sygnalizacji
Giełda Papierów Wartościowych w Warszawie
polityka dywidend
Opis:
The main goal of article is to investigate the Warsaw Stock Exchange market reaction to announcements in connection with planned dividend payouts. The research sample comprises 45 entities listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange between 2017 and 2021. The analysis uses the simple rate of return and the buy-and-hold excess return. Regression analysis shows that change in DPR does not fully explain the share price changes. Nonetheless, the weak market reaction to dividend payment announcements may lead to the conclusion that Polish stocks already take into account information about dividend payouts.
Głównym celem artykułu jest zbadanie reakcji rynku na ogłoszenia w związku z planowanymi wypłatami dywidendy. Próba badawcza obejmuje 45 podmiotów notowanych na Giełdzie Papierów Wartościowych w Warszawie w latach 2017–2021. W analizie wykorzystano prostą stopę zwrotu oraz nadwyżkową stopę zwrotu typu buy-and-hold. Analiza regresji wskazuje, że zmiana wskaźnika DPR nie wyjaśnia w pełni zmiany cen akcji podmiotów objętych analizą. Niemniej jednak słaba reakcja rynku na komunikat o wypłacie dywidendy może prowadzić do wniosku, że polskie akcje już uwzględniają informacje o jej wypłacie.
Źródło:
Ruch Prawniczy, Ekonomiczny i Socjologiczny; 2022, 84, 2; 193-207
0035-9629
2543-9170
Pojawia się w:
Ruch Prawniczy, Ekonomiczny i Socjologiczny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
On Measuring Income Polarization: An Approach Based on Regression Trees
Autorzy:
Mussini, Mauro
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/466069.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Główny Urząd Statystyczny
Tematy:
polarization
regression trees
recursive partitioning
ANOVA
JEL D31
D63
C14
Opis:
This article proposes the application of regression trees for analysing income polarization. Using an approach to polarization based on the analysis of variance, we show that regression trees can uncover groups of homogeneous income receivers in a data-driven way. The regression tree can deal with nonlinear relationships between income and the characteristics of income receivers, and it can detect which characteristics and their interactions actually play a role in explaining income polarization. For these features, the regression tree is a flexible statistical tool to explore whether income receivers concentrate around local poles. An application to Italian individual income data shows an interesting partition of income receivers.
Źródło:
Statistics in Transition new series; 2016, 17, 2; 221-236
1234-7655
Pojawia się w:
Statistics in Transition new series
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Structural Studies of Selected DSPC-Surfactant Model Systems of Biological Membranes
Autorzy:
Szpotkowski, K.
Kozak, M.
Kozak, A.
Zieliński, R.
Wieczorek, D.
Jurga, S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1809762.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009-02
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
Tematy:
33.20.Ea
47.55.dk
87.14.Cc
87.16.D-
Opis:
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to analyse the influence of a cationic surfactant from the group of morpholine derivatives on the conformational dynamics of $CH_2$ group in acyl chain of DSPC. The presence of the surfactant causes a decrease in the DSPC phase transition temperature. This result suggests that the surfactant interactions with phospholipid molecules disturb the lipid layers. The Fourier transform infrared measurements were supplemented with tests of the environmental toxicity of the surfactant used.
Źródło:
Acta Physica Polonica A; 2009, 115, 2; 561-564
0587-4246
1898-794X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Physica Polonica A
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Control of Nd-Fe-B Morphology as Function of the PVP Concentration Using Electrospinning Process
Autorzy:
Eom, Nu Si A.
Haq, Muhammad Aneeq
Lee, Jimin
Lim, Kyoung Mook
Kim, Taek-Soo
Choa, Yong-Ho
Kim, Bum Sung
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/351180.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
Nd2Fe14B
1-D magnet fiber
electrospinning
magnet properties
morphology
Opis:
In this study, we demonstrate a facile and cost-effective way to synthesize Nd-Fe-B of various shapes such as powders, rods and fibers using electrospinning, heat-treatment and washing procedures. Initially Nd-Fe-B fibers were fabricated using electrospinning. The as-spun Nd-Fe-B fibers had diameters ranging 489 to 630 nm depending on the PVP concentration in reaction solutions. The different morphologies of the Nd2Fe14B magnetic materials were related to the difference in thickness of the as-spun fibers. The relationships between the as-spun fiber thickness, the final morphology, and magnetic properties were briefly elucidated. The intrinsic coercivity of Nd2Fe14B changed with the change in morphology from powder (3908 Oe) to fiber (4622 Oe). This work demonstrates the effect of the Nd-Fe-B magnetic properties with morphology and can be extended to the experimental design of other magnetic materials.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2020, 65, 3; 993-996
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Znaczenie działalności eksportowej dla przedsiębiorstw z województwa łódzkiego – wyniki badania ankietowego
Significance of exports for enterprises from Lodz voivodeship – results of a survey
Autorzy:
Kłysik-Uryszek, Agnieszka
Serwach, Tomasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/970436.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014-03
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
productivity
Lodz Voivodeship
D22
F14
F23
produktywność
województwo łódzkie
learning-by-exporting
Opis:
The article describes the learning-by-exporting (LBE) phenomenon. The first part focuses on theoretical background for analyses. The second one applies to enterprises from Lodz Voivodeship and their perspectives for learning. The research is based on a survey conducted among firms from the region. The results indicate, that learning is not of prime concern to exporters, however, there are premises for a statement that LBE may occur in a longer period.
Artykuł opisuje problem efektów uczenia się przez eksport (LBE). Pierwsza część tekstu skupia się na przedstawieniu zagadnienia w teorii. Z kolei druga część ujmuje je w odniesieniu do przedsiębiorstw przemysłowych z województwa łódzkiego. Wspierano się wynikami badania ankietowego przeprowadzonego wśród firm z regionu. Wyniki badań wskazują, iż uczenie się nie jest priorytetem eksporterów, jednak istnieją przesłanki, iż efekty LBE mogą objawiać się w dłuższym okresie.
Źródło:
Ekonomia Międzynarodowa; 2014, 005; 29-44
2082-4440
2300-6005
Pojawia się w:
Ekonomia Międzynarodowa
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Lysozyme Amyloid Fibrils Doped by Carbon Nanotubes
Autorzy:
Majorošová, J.
Tomašovičová, N.
Mitróová, Z.
Rajňák, M.
Girman, V.
Kopčanský, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1030498.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018-03
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
Tematy:
61.48.De
68.37.Lp
68.37.-d
75.60.Ej
87.14.Ee
Opis:
Production of new composites for the creation of modern materials with desired properties is the key feature of nanotechnology. Despite the well known advantages of magnetic nanoparticles, the aim of the present study was to synthesize lysozyme amyloid fibrils from hen egg white and subsequently doped this solution with single walled carbon nanotubes and with the magnetite Fe₃O₄ labelled single walled carbon nanotubes. Transmission electron microscopy and polarization optical microscopy were used to obtain the structural and dimensional information about samples. Measurements of magnetic properties indicate the considerable increase of the saturation magnetization for solutions included the magnetite nanoparticles.
Źródło:
Acta Physica Polonica A; 2018, 133, 3; 588-590
0587-4246
1898-794X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Physica Polonica A
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Efficiency frontier on Japanese banking system
Autorzy:
Ivan, Ionut Cristian
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/646300.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015-12
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
data envelopment analysis
free disposability hull
efficiency frontier
distance
financial efficiency
super efficiency
C14
D24
Opis:
Since the emergence of the efficiency frontier techniques, a series of comparisons between the methods that led to the resultant efficiency has been presented. In this paper, data from 99 Japanese banks are used in order to prove the applicability of efficiency frontier analysis on the East-Asian financial system and to reveal the differences between inter and intra-regional banks, showing the effect of the present financial crisis on the efficiency of the studied banks. DEA and FDH are used to determine the technical and scale efficiency of the analyzed banks and also it compares fully efficient banks by ranking them through the super-efficiency notion.
Źródło:
Ekonomia Międzynarodowa; 2015, 012
2082-4440
2300-6005
Pojawia się w:
Ekonomia Międzynarodowa
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Produktywność a ekspansja międzynarodowa przedsiębiorstw. Przypadek województwa łódzkiego
Firms’ productivity and their international expansion. The case of Lodz voivodeship
Autorzy:
Gabrielczak, Piotr
Serwach, Tomasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/970442.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014-03
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
Lodz Voivodeship
self-selection
D22
F14
F23
produktywność
województwo łódzkie
samoselekcja
TFP
learning-by-exporting
Opis:
The article presents results of research on relation between productivity of firms from Lodz Voivodeship and their international expansion by exports, imports of intermediate and capital goods and foreign direct investment (FDI). It has been proved, that firms engaged in international activities are more effective, especially firms conducting FDI are the most productive. Two main hypotheses of the so called New New Trade Theory were tested: the self-selection hypothesis (high productivity leads to internationalisation) and the learning-by-doing hypothesis (internationalisation leads to increase of productivity). The self-selection among region’s firms was proved. On the other hand, the results concerning learning effects turned out to be statistically insignificant. However, due to drawbacks of available data, there are premises for not unequivocally rejecting the learning-by-doing hypothesis.
W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań nad związkami między produktywnością firm z województwa łódzkiego a ich ekspansją zagraniczną w postaci eksportu, importu dóbr kapitałowych lub pośrednich oraz bezpośrednich inwestycji zagranicznych (BIZ). Wykazano, że firmy zaangażowane w działalność międzynarodową są bardziej efektywne – w szczególności najbardziej produktywne są firmy posiadające BIZ. Przetestowano dwie podstawowe hipotezy zaczerpnięte z modeli tak zwanej Nowej Nowej Teorii Handlu: hipotezę o samoselekcji (wysoka produktywność prowadzi do internacjonalizacji) oraz hipotezę o uczeniu się (internacjonalizacja prowadzi do wzrostu produktywności). Udało się znaleźć dowody na występowanie samoselekcji przedsiębiorstw. Z kolei wyniki dotyczące uczenia się przez umiędzynarodowienie okazały się nieistotne statystycznie. Jednocześnie – z uwagi na pewne wady dostępnych danych – istnieją przesłanki, na podstawie których hipotezy o uczeniu się nie powinno się jednoznacznie odrzucać.
Źródło:
Ekonomia Międzynarodowa; 2014, 005; 7-28
2082-4440
2300-6005
Pojawia się w:
Ekonomia Międzynarodowa
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł

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