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Tytuł:
Dimensions of Context. Classifying Approaches to the Context of Communication
Autorzy:
Allwood, Jens
Ahlsén, Elisabeth
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/41168406.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Filozofii i Socjologii PAN
Tematy:
Context
approaches to context
dimensions of context
syntactic context
semantic context
pragmatic context
semiotics
representamen
object
interpretant
relevant contexts
Opis:
his paper analyzes the concept of context with a special focus on the context of communication. We suggest two ways of classifying approaches to the context of communication: (i) classifying approaches based on a number of relevant dimensions for analyzing context in social activities, (ii) classifying approaches, based on the dimensions of Peirce’s semiotics. We also discuss the use of collected corpora of language, especially multimodal corpora of spoken interaction, as an aid in studying context. Finally, building on the two ways of classifying approaches to the context of communication, we present our own proposal for how to analyze the main relevant contextual dimensions influencing human interaction and communication.
Źródło:
Filozofia i Nauka; 2019, 7, 1; 77-90
2300-4711
2545-1936
Pojawia się w:
Filozofia i Nauka
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Contextual Understanding in Constructionism: A Holistic, Dialogical Model
Autorzy:
Nichols, Lawrence T.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2107049.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015-04-30
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
Context as Construction
Embeddedness of Contexts
Context Work
Context Gaming
Contextual Understanding Lawrence
Opis:
This paper seeks to develop contextual constructionism through elaboration of the concept of context and the articulation of an accompanying methodology for empirical research. I approach context as a construct involving awareness when: (1) claims-makers define contexts in social problem debates, and (2) academic analysts do likewise in studying those debates and their outcomes. Such constructions can either converge or diverge, both within and across groups of claims-makers and analysts, with significant consequences for understanding and interaction. Importantly, context is never singular, for it always presupposes at least two related settings, namely, an immediate situation involving claims that is embedded in a more distant or general one which has at least a short-term historical dimension. Both social problems claims-makers and constructionist analysts, moreover, engage in “context work,” that is, efforts to sustain an overarching sense of setting between periods of social problems claims-making and research on them. I suggest that analysts examine claims-makers’ discourse in order to identify their view of context, and then apply the same scrutiny to their own presuppositions. Analysts should also be alert to strategic uses of context as a resource (“context gaming”), they should map significant shifts in constructions of context and pay attention to unobtrusive factors that might not yet have entered awareness. Finally, analysts should avoid overly deterministic accounts. For although contexts, as constructed, do indeed impose constraints, they ought not to be seen as eliminating agency, but only as locating it in ways that facilitate sociological insight.
Źródło:
Qualitative Sociology Review; 2015, 11, 2; 76-92
1733-8077
Pojawia się w:
Qualitative Sociology Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Learner variables in the development of intercultural competence: A synthesis of home and study abroad research
Autorzy:
Tajeddin, Zia
Khanlarzadeh, Neda
Ghanbar, Hessameddin
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2143610.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-06-21
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
learner variables
intercultural competence
home context
study abroad context
Opis:
To provide insights into a wide array of individual learner variables implicated in intercultural education in home and study abroad contexts, this study systematically reviewed the effects of such variables on the development of intercultural competence. The corpus consisted of 56 journal articles published over the past two decades (2000-2020). The purpose of this study was to explore: (a) learner variables that were described in research on intercultural competence, including, inter alia, their age, gender, first language (L1) background, proficiency level, and attitudinal orientations; (b) settings in which learners’ intercultural development was studied, including both home contexts and study abroad contexts; and (c) effects of learner variables on the development of their intercultural competence. The results of this synthesis indicate that a growing number of studies have started to document intercultural instruction in both home and study abroad contexts. They show how learner variables were considered in conducting these studies and how variation in these variables impacted the effectiveness of instruction that targeted intercultural competence. The findings can considerably broaden our understanding of both opportunities and constraints in intercultural education in terms of learner variables and in particular variables that make the most contribution to intercultural development in home and study abroad contexts.
Źródło:
Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching; 2022, 12, 2; 261-301
2083-5205
2084-1965
Pojawia się w:
Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wolontariat i kontekst społeczny: przypadek Rumunii
Volunteering and Social Context: a Case Study of Romania
Autorzy:
Gheondea-Eladi, Alexandra
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/423572.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Lubuskie Towarzystwo Naukowe
Tematy:
Volunteering
social context
institutional context
Wolontariat
kontekst społeczny
kontekst instytucjonalny
Opis:
This paper was written to answer the question of why the Romanian volunteering sector is still underdeveloped. In the first section, the problems associated with the definition of volunteering are presented and I explain why I consider the Romanian volunteering sector weakly developed compared to other countries. In the second part I discuss the history of volunteering in Romania and focus on the presentation of the current situation. The time-wise development of Romania's volunteering sector is presented from the point of view of the institutions that represent it and the social norms which have appeared as their consequence. There are three main stages of the development which structure this analysis with respect to Romania's communist past: volunteering before, during and after the communism. Analysing institutions with the application of sociological approach, this paper shows that the current state of volunteering in Romania emerged as a rational response to earlier institutional and social constraints.
Tekst powstał w celu udzielenia odpowiedzi na pytanie, dlaczego w Rumunii wolontariat jest wciąż słabo rozwinięty. W pierwszej części tekstu prezentuję problemy związane z definiowaniem wolontariatu i wyjaśniam, dlaczego uważam, że wolontariat jest wciąż słabo rozwinięty w porównaniu do innych krajów. W drugiej części omawiam historię wolontariatu w Rumunii od jego początków do sytuacji obecnej. Rozwój sektora opierającego się na wolontariacie w Rumunii został pokazany z punktu widzenia instytucji, które reprezentują i tworzą wolontariat, a także normy społeczne, które pojawiły się w konsekwencji tych działań. Trzy główne stadia rozwoju tego sektora stanowią strukturę tej analizy. W związku z komunistyczną przeszłością Rumunii można wyróżnić wolontariat - przed, - w czasie i – po komunizmie. Stosując do analizy instytucji podejście socjologiczne, niniejszy artykuł pokazuje, że obecny stan wolontariatu w Rumunii wyłonił się jako racjonalna odpowiedź na występujące wcześniej instytucjonalne i społeczne ograniczenia.
Źródło:
Rocznik Lubuski; 2013, 39, 1; 127-153
0485-3083
Pojawia się w:
Rocznik Lubuski
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Context-Sensitivity of Color Adjectives and Folk Intuitions
Autorzy:
Ziółkowski, Adrian
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2142984.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-06-30
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydział Filozofii
Tematy:
contextualism
context-sensitivity
context-shifting experiments
color adjectives
folk semantic intuitions
Opis:
In this paper, I report new empirical data on folk semantic intuitions concerning color adjectives in so-called context-shifting experiments. Contextualists present such experiments — that is, they describe different conversational contexts in which a given sentence is uttered — in order to argue that context can shape meaning and truth conditions to such a degree that competent speakers would give opposite truth evaluations of the same sentence in different contexts. The initial findings of Hansen and Chemla (2013) suggest that laypersons’ semantic judgments are sensitive to context in the same way that is predicted by contextualists. In this paper, I focus on context-shifting experiments that involve color adjectives; also, I present experiments that are a partial replication and methodological extension of Hansen and Chemla’s study. One aim of my study was to corroborate these authors’ findings using a bigger sample (total N = 1128), but the main goal was to test the stability of results in different methodological variants of empirical adaptations of context-shifting experiments. This part of the study addresses the issues pointed out in my earlier paper (Ziółkowski 2017), where I argued that certain experimental settings (within-subjects) might bring data that is more favorable to contextualism than other settings (between-subjects). My study compares three different experimental settings: within-subjects (with randomized order of context presentation), between-subjects (where participants evaluating different contexts aredistinct groups), and “contrastive design” (where both contexts are presented side by side on the same screen). My results are highly consistent across the methodological variants I employed, but while they show some of the effects expected by contextualists, it is disputable whether they bring strong support to contextualism with respect to color adjectives.
Źródło:
Filozofia Nauki; 2021, 29, 2; 157-188
1230-6894
2657-5868
Pojawia się w:
Filozofia Nauki
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Nieśmiałość a ocena funkcjonowania w sytuacjach niewymagających ekspozycji społecznej
Shyness and self-evaluation of functioning in situations not requiring social exposition
Autorzy:
Studenski, Ryszard
Studenska, Anna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2139691.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
shyness
social context
achievement
Opis:
Shyness is regarded as a trait which interferes with social functioning. In the presented research the attempt was made to check whether the consequences of shyness manifest themselves outside the domain of social interaction and are visible in self-evaluations of such qualities as resistance to stress, coping with risk, openness to experience and independence. Participants were 174 women and men aged between 18 and 23. Apart from shyness such variables were measured as: temperamental traits (EAS), personality traits (NEO-FFI), risk propensity, the need to change oneself and environment, locus of control, sensation seeking (SSS-V), self – esteem and five factors of learning autonomy. By means of standard multiple regression analysis it was shown that the contribution of temperamental traits in the prediction of shyness is not significantly different in comparison with the contribution of thee Big – Five personality traits. It was also found that shyness is positively correlated with the qualities which affect emotional instability level, i.e. with emotionality – fear, emotionality-distress and with neuroticism. Shyness proved to be negatively correlated with the traits affecting socio-centric behaviour such as sociability and extraversion. It was noticed that the influence of shyness my be transferred outside the social domain. Shy individuals in comparison with the bold ones judged themselves as less prone to take risks, more rarely exhibiting behaviors connected with self-creation and more rarely introducing changes in their environment. Shy persons compared with the bold ones evaluated themselves as having the sense of external locus of control, exhibiting stronger tendency to underestimate their self-esteem and being less open to new experiences and less autonomous in formulating learning goals, in planning their learning and evaluating the effectiveness of learning strategies.
Źródło:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Psychologica; 2010, 14; 3-17
2353-4842
Pojawia się w:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Psychologica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Language Teacher Identity Outside the State-School Context
Autorzy:
Hempkin, Kirsten
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/22446741.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego
Tematy:
Language teacher identity
identity struggle
established teachers
state-school context
private context
Opis:
The importance of understanding language teacher identity is well-established in the existent literature. It has been shown to impact upon many aspects of teachers’ lives both inside and outside the classroom, such as wellbeing (Day & Kington, 2008) and self-efficacy (Canrinus, Helms-Lorenz, Beijaard, Buitink, & Hofman, 2012). The nature of language teacher identity is broadly categorised from a socio-cultural perspective, as dynamic rather than static, as negotiated in social interaction and (potentially) a source of struggle (Barkhuizen, 2017) or friction (Beijaard, Meijer, & Verloop, 2004). As this struggle with identity comes to the fore during periods of transition, when identity is seen to be challenged, the focus of research has largely been trained on pre-service or early-service teachers (Mercer & Kostoulas, 2018). The research in this paper addresses a teaching population who have thus far escaped the research gaze, but aspects of whose identity could be problematic and possible sites of struggle. Drawing upon a narrative approach, in case-study form, I examine how two established teachers (with four years or more service) who have been trained to work in the state-school context and who, for a variety of reasons are now working outside it, construct their language teacher identities. The findings point to the importance of the teachers’ own experiences as learners in their identity formation, and how emotion accompanies and acts as a driver of identity change as they seek stability and status on an uncertain professional path.
Źródło:
Theory and Practice of Second Language Acquisition; 2023, 9, 2; 1-22
2450-5455
2451-2125
Pojawia się w:
Theory and Practice of Second Language Acquisition
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Context-governed meaning adjustment of phraseological units
Autorzy:
Krzyżanowska, Anna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/606277.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej
Tematy:
updating, context, coherence, metaphor, polysemy, ambiguity
updating
context
coherence
metaphor
polysemy
ambiguity
Opis:
Das Volume enthält keine Abstracts in deutscher Sprache.
The article aims to show the role of the context and the situation of speaking (communication situation) in the process of updating the meaning of phraseological units (fixed expressions). It has been observed that in communication, disambiguation usually takes place by means of context. On the other hand, it turned out that the context itself can be a source of ambiguity. The results obtained in this short study seem to confirm the claim that the update is essentially a modal process, and the semantic coherence results from the interweaving of language, pragmatic, socio-cultural and cognitive constraints.
The article aims to show the role of the context and the situation ofspeaking (communication situation) in the process of updating themeaning of phraseological units (fixed expressions). It has been observed that in communication, disambiguation usually takes place by means of context. On the other hand, it turned out that the context itself can be a source of ambiguity. The results obtained in this short study seem to confirm the claim that the update is essentially a modal process, and the semantic coherence results from the interweaving of language, pragmatic, socio-cultural and cognitive constraints.L’objectif de cet article est de  mettre en évidence l’impact du co(n)texte et de la situation d’énonciation lors de l’actualisation du sens des expressions figées. On a pu observer que, dans la communication, la désambiguïsation se fait normalement à l’aide du contexte. Mais d’autre part, il s’est avéré que c’est le contexte, lui-même qui peut être source de l’ambiguïté.Les résultats obtenus au terme de cette brève étude semblent confirmer aussi le fait que l’actualisation constitue un processus foncièrement modal, et que la cohérence sémantique relève d’une imbrication de contraintes linguistiques, pragmatiques, socio-culturelles et cognitives.
Том не содержит аннотаций на русском языке.
Źródło:
Lublin Studies in Modern Languages and Literature; 2018, 42, 4
0137-4699
Pojawia się w:
Lublin Studies in Modern Languages and Literature
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Chomsky-Schützenberger parking for weighted multiple context-free languages
Autorzy:
Denkinger, T.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/103915.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Podstaw Informatyki PAN
Tematy:
Chomsky-Schützenberger
parsing
multiple context-free grammars
linear context-free rewriting systems
Opis:
We prove a Chomsky-Schützenberger representation theorem for multiple context-free languages weighted over complete commutative strong bimonoids. Using this representation we devise a parsing algorithm for a restricted form of those devices.
Źródło:
Journal of Language Modelling; 2017, 5, 1; 3-55
2299-856X
2299-8470
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Language Modelling
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Accuracy of generalized context patterns in the context based sequential patterns mining
Autorzy:
Ziembiński, R. Z.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/206061.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Badań Systemowych PAN
Tematy:
knowledge discovery
context based sequential pattern mining
sequential context pattern clustering
pattern accuracy
Opis:
A context pattern is a frequent subsequence mined from the context database containing set of sequences. This kind of sequential patterns and all elements inside them are described by additional sets of context attributes e.g. continuous ones. The contexts describe circumstances of transactions and sources of sequential data. These patterns can be mined by an algorithm for the context based sequential pattern mining. However, this can create large sets of patterns because all contexts related to patterns are taken from the database. The goal of the generalization method is to reduce the context pattern set by introducing a more compact and descriptive kind of patterns. This is achieved by finding clusters of similar context patterns in the mined set and transforming them to a smaller set of generalized context patterns. This process has to retain as much as possible information from the mined context patterns. This paper introduces a definition of the generalized context pattern and the related algorithm. Results from the generalization may differ as depending on the algorithm design and settings. Hence, generalized patterns may reflect frequent information from the context database differently. Thus, an accuracy measure is also proposed to evaluate the generalized patterns. This measure is used in the experiments presented. The generalized context patterns are compared to patterns mined by the basic sequential patterns mining with prediscretization of context values.
Źródło:
Control and Cybernetics; 2011, 40, 3; 585-603
0324-8569
Pojawia się w:
Control and Cybernetics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Considering National, Cultural, and other Features of Kazakh-Speaking Subjects of Polygraph Examinations
Казахоязычные, как субъекты полиграфного тестирования – национальный, культурный и другие аспекты
Autorzy:
Baisakhalov, Boranbay
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/523482.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Krakowska Akademia im. Andrzeja Frycza Modrzewskiego
Tematy:
polygraph in Kazakhstan
polygraph examination in cultural context
polygraph examination in language context
Źródło:
European Polygraph; 2017, 11, 2(40); 63-73
1898-5238
2380-0550
Pojawia się w:
European Polygraph
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Driving under the influence…..”Of social factors”
Autorzy:
Arthur, Robert M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2085534.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015-11-10
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydział Geografii i Studiów Regionalnych
Tematy:
Social context
driving behavior
speeding
Opis:
The bulk of the research that seeks to understand driving behavior and decision making has been performed by behavioral psychologists and engineers. These studies have a tendency to focus on the individual driver, examining such topics as road and vehicle design, cognitive skills, and the effects of collisions on the human body. This disparate research has produced a wealth of knowledge but with little unifying theory. The act of driving occurs within social environments that exist at many levels; the same act can be viewed through multiple lenses. In its exploration of the social context, this paper moves from an analysis of the global scale to the regional to the local. Our roads are monitored by police services and illegal acts are punished by judicial systems; these social institutions attempt to modify behavior through punitive measures. These punitive measures are derived from social theories of deviance and deterrence, methods shown here to be flawed. Empirical data derived from observations in Al Ain, UAE, are used in a quasi-experimental design that describes how drivers alter their choice of speed based on their observations of other drivers. This paper concludes by suggesting that, both by examining and legislating for driver behavior, there is a pressing need to situate the driver within his/her social environment.
Źródło:
Miscellanea Geographica. Regional Studies on Development; 2015, 19, 3; 56-62
0867-6046
2084-6118
Pojawia się w:
Miscellanea Geographica. Regional Studies on Development
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ciągłość i zmiany w polskich obrazach Afryki w kontekście europejskim
Continuity and Changes in the Polish Images of Africa in the European Context
Autorzy:
Ząbek, Maciej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/566932.pdf
Data publikacji:
2006
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie. Instytut Nauk Politycznych
Tematy:
Africa
Stereotype
Polska
European Context
Opis:
In the article the author tries to represent in a synthetic way both continuity and changes in he ways of perceiving Africa in Poland within a long period of time- since Middle Ages till now. It is pointed out that the Polish images of Africa have always belon-ged to European views on that continent. The author doesn't agree with the common opinion that there was something specific and different in the way Africa was perceived in Poland due to the fact that Poland never took part in the slave - trade and colonization and at the end of the 18th century lost its national independence itself. Particular Polish history was sometimes believed to find expres-sion in better understanding of African problems. However, every-thing that has been written on Africa by Polish authors proves that our attitudes to and stereotypes of Africa were included in the all-European pattern, although some of our outstanding countrymen (Beniowski, Conrad, Malinowski) contributed to those attitudes to some extent.
Źródło:
Forum Politologiczne; 2006, 3 - Kontakty polsko-afrykańskie. Przeszłość, teraźniejszość, przyszłość; 39-100
1734-1698
Pojawia się w:
Forum Politologiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Doing things with questions. Interpreting in asylum settings
Autorzy:
Tužinská, Helena
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/597201.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Ludoznawcze
Tematy:
ethnography
interpreting
asylum
context
misinterpretation
Opis:
The interpreter has the demanding task of “not creating a contradiction” by employing an identical concept in a different context. The classifications of the asylum applicant encounter the institutionally determined limits. Reliable verification of the applicant’s credibility is, however, dependent on knowledge of his/her local context and demands additional questioning. In this process, a denial of interlingual and intralingual complexity may be a source of invisible injustice (Spotti 2019:87-88). Both interpreting and interpretation is thus an inseparable part of the process in which police officers, decision-makers and judges, paraphrasing John L. Austin and John Searle, “do things with questions”. The author applies this interpretive framework to data from ethnographic research, which was conducted in Bratislava, Slovakia, in 2017-19, on interpreting for asylum applicants in the institutional settings. She elucidates the diversity of the standpoints - of refugees, court and ad hoc interpreters, representatives of the foreign police and of the migration office, as well as legal representatives from civic associations, referencing to relevant findings in linguistic and legal anthropology. In this article Helena Tužinská proposes that: (1) the discrepancies in the reports are conditioned by the context of interpreting, (2) participants “do things with questions”, and (3) inter-cultural interpretation can be a speech act.
Źródło:
Lud; 2019, 103
0076-1435
Pojawia się w:
Lud
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Bezpieczeństwo intelektualne (na marginesie rozważań o Bogu i historii)
Intellectual security (on the side of considerations about God and history)
Autorzy:
Dworak, Janusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1179771.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Państwowa Wyższa Szkoła Zawodowa w Raciborzu
Tematy:
God
history
emergence
context
discussion
Opis:
This article focuses on methodology, and the deliberations presented herein are ai-med at presenting how emergent phenomena are generated. A slightly different perspective on the idea of existence of God and on history leads to a conclusion that religion is more and more often replaced by history. This has its practical repercussions, as the lack of philosophical debates regarding the impact of science on faith and transcendence hinders and sometimes even prevents intellectual development of the society. It is because discussions on abstract issues break mental barriers, thus opposing a schematic and stereotypical way of thinking. Post-modernism is characterised by the fact that more and more people with a limited knowledge express their views on issues of vital importance to the society. The conclusion: citizens of a democratic country who look out to the future should be inspired to hold discussions, debates and disputations, which will give them a sense of belonging to the society.
Źródło:
Eunomia – Rozwój Zrównoważony – Sustainable Development; 2018, 1(94); 127-136
1897-2349
2657-5760
Pojawia się w:
Eunomia – Rozwój Zrównoważony – Sustainable Development
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
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