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Tytuł:
Zagrożenia pyłami w zawodzie kominiarza
Dust hazards in a chimney sweeps job
Autorzy:
Chyc, M.
Burzała, B.
Szczygłowska, R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/181350.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Centralny Instytut Ochrony Pracy
Tematy:
czynniki chemiczne
zagrożenia chemiczne
chemical agents
chemical hazards
Opis:
Sadza, pył, palne i toksyczne związki chemiczne są jednym z wielu zagrożeń występujących na stanowisku pracy kominiarza. Kominiarze narażeni są na działanie niebezpiecznych związków chemicznych, takich jak wielopierścieniowe węglowodory aromatyczne (WWA), dioksyny (PCDD/F) i metale ciężkie. Powyższe czynniki powodują choroby zawodowe, spośród których nowotwory są najgroźniejszymi. Środki ochrony osobistej są w stanie skutecznie chronić pracownika przed działaniem trucizn.
Soot, dust, flammable and toxic chemicals compounds are among the many threats present at a chimney sweeps workstation. Chimney sweeps are exposed to hazardous Chemical compounds such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, dioxins (PCDD/F) and heavy metals Those agents cause occupational diseases, which carcinoma is the most dangerous one. Personal protection equipment can efficiently protect workers againist he impact of poisons.
Źródło:
Bezpieczeństwo Pracy : nauka i praktyka; 2012, 7; 12-14
0137-7043
Pojawia się w:
Bezpieczeństwo Pracy : nauka i praktyka
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ryzyko chemiczne. Ocena i zarządzanie
Chemical risk. Assessment and management
Autorzy:
Zieliński, S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1287323.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Inżynierów i Techników Przemysłu Chemicznego. Zakład Wydawniczy CHEMPRESS-SITPChem
Tematy:
ryzyko chemiczne
ocena ryzyka chemicznego
zarządzanie ryzykiem chemicznym
chemical risk
chemical risk assessment
chemical risk management
Opis:
W ciągu ostatnich lat nastąpił gwałtowny wzrost ilości stosowanych chemikaliów. Chociaż nie zdajemy sobie z tego sprawy, chemikalia stały się podstawą prawie we wszystkim, co robimy. Jednakże w powszechnym postrzeganiu przez społeczeństwo chemikalia są źródłem wszelkich możliwych chorób. Konsekwencją tego, mimo ograniczonej jeszcze wiedzy o szkodliwym działaniu wielu substancji, było wprowadzenie w krajach rozwiniętych systemów prawnych, których celem jest eliminowanie lub przynajmniej minimalizowanie ryzyka związanego z produkcją i użytkowaniem chemikaliów. Środkiem zapewniającym realizację takiego celu jest ocena ryzyka dla zdrowia ludzi, która jest procesem łączącym dostępne informacje o chemicznej toksyczności i ekspozycji, aby oszacować prawdopodobieństwo, że ktoś doświadczy niekorzystnych skutków zdrowotnych w wyniku ekspozycji na chemikalia. Celem jest scharakteryzowanie ryzyka dla zdrowia w zrozumiały sposób, aby w można było podjąć decyzję o znaczeniu chemicznej ekspozycji dla zdrowia ludzi i o potrzebie podjęcia działań dla kontroli stężeń chemikaliów. Ocena ryzyka i każde następne decyzje w zarządzaniu ryzykiem powinny brać pod uwagę zarówno potencjalne ryzyko, jak i korzyści ze stosowania chemikaliów.
There has been a dramatic increase in the use of chemicals in recent years. Although we don't think much about it, man-made chemicals are essential to almost everything we do. However, the public perception is that man-made chemicals are the source of every possible ill. Consequently, in spite of our limited knowledge of the hazards to humans associated with many substances, most governments in the developed world have developed legislation aimed to eliminate or at least to minimise any risks associated with production and use of chemicals. One of the tools for that is the risk assessment for human health, which is a process that combines available information on chemical toxicity and exposure to estimate the probability that someone will experience adverse health effects as a result of exposure to a chemical. The goal is to characterize health risks in an understandable way, so that decisions can be made about the public health significance of chemical exposures and the need for taking action to control concentration of chemicals. The risk assessment and any consequent risk management decisions need to take into account both the potential risks from use and the benefits which chemicals bring.
Źródło:
Chemik; 2010, 64, 12; 799-810
0009-2886
Pojawia się w:
Chemik
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Effects of Chemical Element Symbols in Identifying 2D Chemical Structural Formulas
Autorzy:
Huang, Chin-Fei
Liu, Chia-Ju
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/26469702.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013-03-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
chemical element symbols
chemical structural formulas
event-related potentials (ERPs)
Opis:
This study aims to explore the effect of chemical element symbols in students’ identification of 2D chemical structural formulas. A chemical conceptual questionnaire, event-related potential experiments and interviews were administered to fifty university students in this study. The results revealed that high achieving students performed different brain activities and strategies to identify 2D figures (without chemical elements symbols inside) and 2D chemical structural formulas. However, low achieving students ignored the existence of chemical element symbols and performed similar brain activities and strategies when identifying 2D figures and chemical structural formulas. This paper discusses implications for new education.
Źródło:
The New Educational Review; 2013, 31; 40-50
1732-6729
Pojawia się w:
The New Educational Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Chemical incidents resulted in hazardous substances releases in the context of human health hazards
Autorzy:
Pałaszewska-Tkacz, Anna
Czerczak, Sławomir
Konieczko, Katarzyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2161933.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017-02-21
Wydawca:
Instytut Medycyny Pracy im. prof. dra Jerzego Nofera w Łodzi
Tematy:
environmental health
public health implications
health risk assessment
Chemical Hazards
chemical incidents
hazardous chemical releases
Opis:
Objectives The research purpose was to analyze data concerning chemical incidents in Poland collected in 1999–2009 in terms of health hazards. Material and Methods The data was obtained, using multimodal information technology (IT) system, from chemical incidents reports prepared by rescuers at the scene. The final analysis covered sudden events associated with uncontrolled release of hazardous chemical substances or mixtures, which may potentially lead to human exposure. Releases of unidentified substances where emergency services took action to protect human health or environment were also included. Results The number of analyzed chemical incidents in 1999–2009 was 2930 with more than 200 different substances released. The substances were classified into 13 groups of substances and mixtures posing analogous risks. Most common releases were connected with non-flammable corrosive liquids, including: hydrochloric acid (199 cases), sulfuric(VI) acid (131 cases), sodium and potassium hydroxides (69 cases), ammonia solution (52 cases) and butyric acid (32 cases). The next group were gases hazardous only due to physico-chemical properties, including: extremely flammable propane-butane (249 cases) and methane (79 cases). There was no statistically significant trend associated with the total number of incidents. Only with the number of incidents with flammable corrosive, toxic and/or harmful liquids, the regression analysis revealed a statistically significant downward trend. The number of victims reported was 1997, including 1092 children and 18 fatalities. Conclusions The number of people injured, number of incidents and the high 9th place of Poland in terms of the number of Seveso establishments, and 4 times higher number of hazardous industrial establishments not covered by the Seveso Directive justify the need for systematic analysis of hazards and their proper identification. It is advisable enhance health risk assessment, both qualitative and quantitative, by slight modification of the data collection system so as to enable the determination of released chemical concentration and exposed populations. Int J Occup Med Environ Health 2017;30(1):95–110
Źródło:
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health; 2017, 30, 1; 95-110
1232-1087
1896-494X
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Chemical composition of Trifolium repens L. from permanent grasslands in relation to some chemical soil properties
Skład chemiczny Trifolium repens L. z trwałych użytków zielonych w zależności od niektórych właściwości gleby
Autorzy:
Alberski, J.
Olszewska, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/35915.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Agrofizyki PAN
Tematy:
chemical composition
Trifolium repens
grassland
chemical property
soil property
Opis:
The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between selected soil properties and the chemical composition of Trifolium repens in swards of permanent grasslands in the Olsztyn Lakeland. The study was carried out in 2005-2008 on permanent grasslands with a high share of legumes in the sward. A total of 26 meadow and pasture sites were investigated where the share of Trifolium repens in the sward ranged from 5% to 25% (2 points on the Braun-Blanquet cover scale). Phytosociological releves were done by the Braun-Blanquet method in selected grasslands in the most representative phytocenoses covering an estimated area of 25 m2. Soil samples were collected at a depth of 5-15 cm for analyses of the physical and chemical properties of soil. Samples of plant material of Trifolium repens were also collected from each treatment for chemical analyses. Analyses of soil composition and nutrient content in plant material were carried out with the standard methods. Bulk density, actual moisture content and water-holding capacity were determined by the oven-drying and gravimetric method, acidity was measured in KCl solution with the concentration of 1 mol dm–3, phosphorus and potassium content were determined by the Egner-Riehm method, magnesium content – by the Schachtschabel method, calcium and sodium content – by the universal method proposed by Nowosielski, and copper, zinc, manganese and iron content – by atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). Plant material was analysed to determine the content of total nitrogen – by the Kjeldahl method, crude fibre – by the Henneberg- Stohman method, phosphorus – by the vanadium-molybdenum method, potassium, calcium and sodium – by flame photometry, magnesium and micronutrients by AAS. The highest number of communities with Trifolium repens were noted on light and medium textured soils with high and very high content of Mg, moderate abundance of Ca and micronutrients, moderate and low levels of P, low content of K and slightly acidic pH. Dry matter of Trifolium repens was characterised by high total protein content and optimal crude fibre content. A mineral composition analysis revealed optimal levels of phosphorus, magnesium and sodium, excessive content of potassium, calcium and manganese, and deficiency of copper, zinc and iron. A significant relationship between the chemical properties of soil and the content of total protein, crude fibre and mineral components in white clover dry matter was confirmed.
Celem podjętych badań było wykazanie zależności między niektórymi właściwościami gleby a składem chemicznym Trifolium repens z trwałych użytków zielonych Pojezierza Olsztyńskiego. Badania przeprowadzono w latach 2005-2008 na trwałych użytkach zielonych ze znacznym udziałem roślin motylkowatych w runi. Badaniami objęto 26 obiektów łąkowo – pastwiskowych, w runi których pokrycie powierzchni przez Trifolium repens wynosiło od 5 do 25% (2 – w skali Brauna-Blanqueta). Na wytypowanych użytkach zielonych, w najbardziej reprezentacyjnych płatach roślinnych, na powierzchni ok. 25 m2 wykonano zdjęcia fitosocjologiczne metodą Brauna- Blanqueta. Z warstwy 5-15 cm pobrano próby glebowe do określenia właściwości fizycznych i chemicznych gleby. Z każdego obiektu pobrano również materiał roślinny Trifolium repens do analiz chemicznych. Analizy gleby i zawartości składników pokarmowych w roślinie wykonano według ogólnie przyjętych metod. Gęstość objętościową, wilgotność aktualną i pojemność wodną – metodą suszarkowo-wagową, kwasowość – w roztworze KCl o stężeniu 1 mol·dm–3, fosfor i potas – metodą Egnera-Riehma, magnez- metodą Schachtschabela, wapń i sód - metodą uniwersalną Nowosielskiego, miedź, cynk, mangan i żelazo – metodą absorpcyjnej spektrometrii atomowej (ASA). W materiale roślinnym oznaczono: azot ogólny – metodą Kiejdahla, włókno surowe – metodą Henneberga Stohmana, fosfor – metodą wanadowo-molibdenianową, potas, wapń i sód – metodą fotopłomieniową, natomiast magnez i mikroelementy – metodą ASA. Badania wykazały, że najwięcej zbiorowisk z udziałem Trifolium repens zanotowano na glebach lekkich i średnich o bardzo wysokiej i wysokiej zasobności w Mg, średniej w Ca i mikroelementy, średniej i niskiej zasobności P, niskiej zasobności K oraz lekko kwaśnym odczynie gleby. Sucha masa Trifolium repens charakteryzowała się wysoką zawartością białka ogólnego i optymalną zawartością włókna surowego. W składzie mineralnym stwierdzono optymalną zawartość fosforu, magnezu i sodu, zbyt dużą zawartość potasu, wapnia i manganu oraz niedobór miedzi, cynku i żelaza. Obliczone współczynniki korelacji świadczą o istotnej zależności między właściwościami chemicznymi gleby a zawartością białka ogólnego i włókna surowego oraz składników mineralnych w suchej masie koniczyny białej.
Źródło:
Acta Agrophysica; 2015, 22, 4
1234-4125
Pojawia się w:
Acta Agrophysica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Kilka uwag o polskiej terminologii chemicznej 2. połowy XIX wieku
A Few Notes about the Polish Chemical Terminology of the Second Half of the 19th Century
Autorzy:
Jankowiak, Lucyna Agnieszka
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1045022.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016-12-04
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
Polish Chemical Terminology
Opis:
The purpose of this article is to present a source that has so far remained unused in the historical research of the Polish chemical terminology of the second half of the 19th century – Słownik terminologii lekarskiej polskiej [English: Polish Medical Terminology Dictionary] of 1881. This dictionary is a result of the efforts which the Polish medical doctors undertook to organise the Polish medical terminology in the 19th century. It also contains chemical terms. What is important, the dictionary demonstrates a phase of competition between two terminology schools: the Cracow school and the Warsaw school, juxtaposing various terms (mainly in synonymic strings) proposed by these schools.
Źródło:
Poznańskie Studia Polonistyczne. Seria Językoznawcza; 2016, 23, 2; 53-68
1233-8672
2450-4939
Pojawia się w:
Poznańskie Studia Polonistyczne. Seria Językoznawcza
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Chemical school in the interwar period
Autorzy:
Cygan, K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/347766.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Akademia Wojsk Lądowych imienia generała Tadeusza Kościuszki
Tematy:
chemical troops
education
Gas School
Chemical Weaponry School
Gas Defense School
Opis:
In the current paper, the creation and development of the chemical school which as a completely new institution functioned since 1919 is presented. Despite the numerous transformations and under various names the school operated till the outbreak of the World War II. It was not only the new school but also relatively new military branch, which survived to the contemporary times. The established school had neither the tradition nor the history, however, by providing the services it managed to educate competent and professional commanders. Its educational system enabled the staff to train according to their positions or military specialties.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Naukowe / Wyższa Szkoła Oficerska Wojsk Lądowych im. gen. T. Kościuszki; 2017, 3; 5-16
1731-8157
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Naukowe / Wyższa Szkoła Oficerska Wojsk Lądowych im. gen. T. Kościuszki
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Plasma reforming of liquid hydrocarbon in plasma - liquid systems
Autorzy:
Chernyak, V.
Nedybaliuk, O.
Martysh, E.
Olszewski, S.
Solomenko, O.
Shchedrin, A.
Levko, D.
Demchina, V.
Kudryavzev, V.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/146464.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
plasma reforming
plasma chemical technologies
chemical conversion
plasma liquid systems
Opis:
This paper presents the results of an experimental study of plasma-assisted reforming of ethanol into molecular hydrogen in a modified tornado type electrical discharge. Plasma acts as a catalyst and initiates fast chain reactions that do not progress under normal conditions. Passivation of the electrodes in the discharge chamber during the discharge operation prevents their erosion and increases the working time of the reactor.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2012, 57, 2; 301-305
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Toxic Ticking Time-Bomb in the Baltic Sea and Threats to Poland’s Security
Autorzy:
Willa, Rafał
Szpak, Agnieszka
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2197901.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023-03-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
Baltic Sea
chemical weapons
chemical waste
wrecks
international law
Polska
Opis:
The authors examine the threats from hazardous toxic materials from World War II wrecks sunk in the Baltic Sea and their cargo of chemical ammunition, indicate Poland’s reaction to this situation, and map out Polish obligations in this regard. This problem gives rise to multiple uncertainties about the exact nature of threats to environmental/ecological security, marine security, human security (including health security), economic security and food safety. The authors also elaborate on legal regulations relevant in this context. The research methods include formal-institutional analysis of relevant legal documents and discourse analysis. The main conclusions are: 1. toxic materials in the Baltic Sea threaten ecological, economic, human and security; 2. food safety in all Baltic states might be endangered; Poland should accede to the Nairobi Wreck Removal Convention; and Poland should cooperate regionally to resolve the problem of the Baltic chemical waste.
Źródło:
Polish Political Science Yearbook; 2023, 1(52); 187-204
0208-7375
Pojawia się w:
Polish Political Science Yearbook
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
How fluids infiltrate through fractures and change metamorphic rocks – a case study from northern Spitsbergen
Autorzy:
Faehnrich, K.
Kośmińska, K.
Majka, J.
Dwornik, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/184663.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie. Wydawnictwo AGH
Tematy:
metasomatism
chemical composition
component
Opis:
Metasomatism is a process leading to changes in the chemical composition of a rock or its portion. It involves introduction or removal of chemical components due to the interaction of the rock with aqueous fluid (Zharikov et al. 2007). Here we present a case study of metasomatic changes in metapelites from northern Spitsbergen. There is a visible metasomatic zonation in the studied samples. The most intense changes are observed close to the contact with fractures, whereas the zones farther away from them are less altered or not affected by fluids at all. Thin sections were prepared from all of the aforementioned zones. The mineral chemistry was obtained using a JEOL SuperProbe 8230 electron microprobe at Faculty of Geology, Geophysics and Environmental Protection, AGH University of Science and Technology. Mineral assemblage varies from Grt-Bt-Qtz-Pl in zones that were not affected by fluids to Grt- Chl-Bt-Qtz-Pl in altered portions of the rock. Garnet forms subhedral crystals with abundant quartz inclusions. Its composition is changing from Alm 0.56 Sps 0.11 Prp 0.05 Grs 0.28 in the core to Alm 0.64 Sps 0.03 Prp 0.09 Grs 0.24 in the rim. It shows bell-shaped Sps profile and opposite Alm trend, indicating one-step progressive garnet growth. Plagioclase composition is characterized by Ab 74.16 An 24.39 Or 1.44 , K-feldspar also occurs along with Fe-chlorite. Point counting technique was used to estimate volume percentage of minerals. For each thin section one thousand points were counted. Plagioclase, quartz and biotite are the main phases, building more than 95% of the rocks. The amount of garnet oscillates around 2% and chlorite varies from 2.38% to 0%. Point counting technique was compared with image analysis, which was performed using the Matlab software. The image analysis revealed that the amount of biotite is changing in different zones from 35.42% to 37.38%, whereas chlorite from 1.54% to 0%, respectively. The redistribution of elements between biotite and chlorite was investigated by volume and mass-balance using Gresens (1967) approach. During chloritization of biotite amount of H 2 O in the system must have increased by ca. 8% in order to form 2.4% chlorite. Potassium released during this reaction was bonded to secondary K-feldspar, which is apparent on BSE images, and it is closely associated with biotite and chlorite. This study reveals that metasomatic zones significantly differ in mineralogical composition and fluid-induced alterations are more pervasive closer to the fractures. It has also been concluded that replacement of biotite by chlorite required aqueous fluids, with inflow and outflow of metallic ions and formation of K-feldspar as a product of biotite breakdown reaction. Further investigations will involve X-ray mapping using the XMap Tools software in order to obtain more in depth information on volume of minerals and their chemistry. Pressure and temperature conditions of metamorphism will be determined using garnet-biotite geothermometry and thermodynamic modelling. Isocon method will be used to track changes in whole rock chemistry due to interaction with fluid (Grant 1986, 2005).
Źródło:
Geology, Geophysics and Environment; 2016, 42, 1; 69-70
2299-8004
2353-0790
Pojawia się w:
Geology, Geophysics and Environment
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Biochemical and planimetric investigations of hydrophilic creams containing ceramides or dexpanthenol on the model of chemical burns
Autorzy:
Butko, Yaroslava
Tishakova, Tetyana
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/25102372.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023-06-30
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Rzeszowski. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego
Tematy:
ceramides
chemical burns
dexpanthenol
Opis:
Introduction and aim. Chemical burns of the skin are common type of injuries both in private life and in industries. Local treatment of chemical burns using wound healing creams and ointments is predominant. Hydrophobic wound healing medicinal products dominate the Ukrainian pharmaceutical market but their hydrophobic base disturbs the healing process of skin. The aim of this work was biochemical and planimetric investigation of treatment efficacy of chemical burns with hydrophilic creams containing ceramides and dexpanthenol. Material and methods. The experiments were performed on 30 rats weighing 190–220 g. In a rat skin burn model, animals were exposed to 9% acetic acid solution. Treatment was initiated after wound appearance and included application of creams containing ceramides and dexpanthenol. The effectiveness of treatment was estimated using planimetric parameters, such as: surface area of necrotic tissue (S, mm2) and cumulative reparative effect. Levels of the biochemical markers such as total protein, creatinine, C-reactive protein (CRP) and content of SH-groups were measured in the rats’ blood serum. Results. It was established that cream developed with ceramides and cream with dexpanthenol exhibits reparative properties at the level of 29% and 4.5%, respectively. Biochemical investigations demonstrated the treatment efficacy of creams containing ceramides and dexpanthenol. In terms of CRP level and content of SH-groups, the therapeutic action of cream with dexpanthenol was highly significant by a factor of 1.45 and 1.35, respectively in contrast to the cream with ceramides. Conclusion. Using the chemical burn model and results of planimetric and biochemical research it was found that cream with ceramides and cream with dexpanthenol exhibit wound-healing properties. In-depth study on the wound-healing mechanism of investigated creams with the aim of creating effective hydrophilic creams for use in burn treatment is prospective.
Źródło:
European Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine; 2023, 2; 266-270
2544-2406
2544-1361
Pojawia się w:
European Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
An assessment of energy expenditure of soldiers serving in the Polish chemical units, performing training tasks in 2 types of personal chemical protective clothing – comparative studies
Autorzy:
Bertrandt, Jerzy
Kłos, Anna
Łakomy, Roman
Bertrandt, Bartosz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2161950.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-10-16
Wydawca:
Instytut Medycyny Pracy im. prof. dra Jerzego Nofera w Łodzi
Tematy:
chemical troops
chemical weapon
chemical and personal protective clothing
defense against CBRN hazards
NBC protection
energy expenditure
Opis:
Objectives Individual protection against contamination is the kind of protection provided to persons in an environment contaminated with radioactive substances, and war toxic or biological agents, including the use of gas masks, and insulating or filtration skin protection agents. The aim of this work was to perform a comparative assessment of energy expenditure of chemical troop soldiers wearing L-2 insulating personal protective clothes (PPC) and FOO-1 filter-sorptive PPC during training in the training ground conditions. Surveys on the subjective assessment of comfort related to using the L-2 and FOO-1 PPC were carried out as well. Material and Methods A total of 29 men doing the same training tasks, wearing the L-2 PPC and FOO-1 filter-sorptive protective clothing with an MP-5 filter gas mask, underwent the examination. Measurements of energy expenditure values were done based on the frequency of heart contractions, recorded by the Polar Sport Tester 810 heart rate monitor. Results It was found that an average energy expenditure of soldiers, resulting from performing training tasks, was lower among the subjects wearing the FOO- 1 filter-sorptive PPC, compared to the energy load of the ones using the L-2 PPC. Conclusions According to Christensen’s classification of work severity, the average energy expenditure makes it possible to qualify works performed by soldiers using both types of PPC to moderate work. In the opinion of the examined soldiers serving in the chemical troops, the FOO-1 filter-sorptive PPC increases the sense of security while on a threatened ground. The FOO-1 filter-sorptive PPC is assessed by chemical troop soldiers as better because it hinders tasks fulfillment to a lesser extent. Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2019;32(5):645–52
Źródło:
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health; 2019, 32, 5; 645-652
1232-1087
1896-494X
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Review of Maritime Accidents Involving Chemicals – Special Focus on the Baltic Sea
Autorzy:
Häkkinen, J.M.
Posti, A.I.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/116102.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Morski w Gdyni. Wydział Nawigacyjny
Tematy:
Chemical Cargo
Baltic Sea
Maritime Accidents
Chemical Product
Accident Statistics
Risk of Explosion
Chemical Accident
Analysis of Sea Accidents
Opis:
Transport and handling of hazardous chemicals and chemical products around the world’s waters and ports have considerably increased over the last 20 years. Thus, the risk of major pollution accidents has also increased. Past incidents/accidents are, when reported in detail, first hand sources of information on what may happen again. This paper provides an overview of the past tanker accidents in the Baltic Sea and chemical related accidents in seas worldwide. The aim is to find out what can be learned from past accidents, especially from the environmental point of view. The study is carried out as a literature review and as a statistical review. The study revealed that the risk of a chemical accident is highest in seas where the highest tonnes of chemicals are transported, the density of maritime traffic is highest and, of course, in the ship-shore interface where unloading/loading takes place. Incidents involving chemical spills are statistically much less likely to occur than oil spills. However, chemical cargoes can be more dangerous to humans and property because chemicals can be more combustible, poisonous, irritating and reactive. The most important difference between a chemical and an oil spill may be related to response actions. In case of a chemical accident, the air quality or the risk of explosion should be more carefully evaluated before any response actions are taken. In case of chemical spills, the response is more limited in comparison to oil. Actually, very little is known about the actual marine pollution effect of most of highly transported substances. From the environmental point of view, the previous studies have highlighted accidents in which pesticides were released to water, but also substances considered as non-pollutants (vegetable oils) seem to have a negative effect on biota in the water environment.
Źródło:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation; 2014, 8, 2; 295-305
2083-6473
2083-6481
Pojawia się w:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Evaluating the Durability of SiC-Coated Carbon Composites Under Thermal Shock Conditions
Autorzy:
Lee, Ji Eun
Bae, Soo Bin
Cho, Nam Choon
Lee, Hyung Ik
Meng, Zicheng
Lee, Kee Sung
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2049309.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
durability
carbon composites
silicon carbide coating
chemical vapor deposition
chemical vapor reaction
Opis:
Oxidation and indentation properties of silicon carbide-coated carbon composites were investigated to analyze its durability under atmospheric thermal shock conditions. The silicon carbide-coated samples were prepared either with chemical vapor deposition or chemical vapor reaction/chemical vapor deposition hybrid coating. The remnant weight of uncoated and coated samples was investigated after each thermal shock cycle. The surface and cross-section of coated samples were then analyzed to confirm morphological changes of the coating layers. The spherical indentation test for uncoated and coated samples were also performed. As a result, silicon carbide coating improved the oxidation resistance, elastic modulus, and hardness of carbon composites. Hybrid coating drastically enhanced the durability of samples at high temperature in atmospheric conditions.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2021, 66, 3; 777-782
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Evaluation of chemical and physico-chemical indicators of water of the lakes in the city of Szczecin on the basis of the EU water framework directive
Autorzy:
Daniszewski, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/124735.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej
Tematy:
water
lake
chemical and physico-chemical indicators
European Union Water Framework Directive
Opis:
The work shows the evaluation of physico-chemical parameters the city of Szczecin of the landscape based on the European Union Water Framework Directive. The study was conducted on three lakes within the boundaries of the city of Szczecin on the three lakes: Glebokie, Rusalka, Szmaragdowe. Szczecin is situated in North-West Poland, in the western part of West Pomeranian Voivodeship at Polish-German border. Research was carried out in the years 2008–2012, in the period from April to October. Water samples were taken from three stations on each of the three lakes. Sample water pH was measured. The water tests were taken according to the Polish Standards. The collected water samples were fixed in accordance with the recommendations in the Polish Standards. Other indicators for the quality of the waters have been tagged within 24 hours from the moment of sampling.
Źródło:
Journal of Ecological Engineering; 2013, 14, 3; 24-30
2299-8993
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Ecological Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Structural disordering in Sn-Pb(Bi) eutectic melts induced by heating
Autorzy:
Mudry, S.
Shtablavyi, I.
Shevernoga, I.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/779777.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny w Szczecinie. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane ZUT w Szczecinie
Tematy:
liquid alloys
chemical bonding in eutectic alloys
chemical short-range order
Opis:
The structure of liquid Sn0.739Pb0.261 and Sn0.57Bi0.43 eutectic alloys was studied by means of X-ray diffraction at several temperatures. Structure factors, pair correlation functions and the main structural parameters obtained on their basis were analyzed. We show that the structure of the Sn0.739Pb0.261 and Sn0.57Bi0.43 eutectic alloys is inhomogeneous and consists of different types of clusters. Upon heating the cluster structure undergoes topological and chemical disordering showing a significant dependence of structural parameters on temperature near the melting point.
Źródło:
Polish Journal of Chemical Technology; 2013, 15, 3; 61-64
1509-8117
1899-4741
Pojawia się w:
Polish Journal of Chemical Technology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Chemical purity of new segmented polyester biomaterials
Autorzy:
Piegat, A.
Walenia, M.
El Fray, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/284826.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie. Polskie Towarzystwo Biominerałów
Tematy:
polyester
biomaterials
chemical purity
Źródło:
Engineering of Biomaterials; 2014, 17, no. 128-129; 83-85
1429-7248
Pojawia się w:
Engineering of Biomaterials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Department of Economic and Mining Geology
Autorzy:
Mucha, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/184170.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie. Wydawnictwo AGH
Tematy:
coal
salt
chemical materials
Źródło:
Geology, Geophysics and Environment; 2016, 42, 2; 223-225
2299-8004
2353-0790
Pojawia się w:
Geology, Geophysics and Environment
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Microhardness as a method for investigation of fossil resins
Autorzy:
Czapla, D.
Natkaniec-Nowak, L.
Drzewicz, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/184495.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie. Wydawnictwo AGH
Tematy:
polymerize
chemical structure
process
Opis:
Natural fossil resins are products of deciduous and coniferous trees formed at least 40 million years ago. The fact that fossil resins survived until the present day is due to appropriate processes and conditions. One of them is the ability to polymerize. There are types of chemical structures derived from the original plant secretions which formed polymerized or macromolecular connection resistant to various environmental factors (Penney 2010). The polymerization process gives property of better susceptibility to mechanical machining, and thus jeweler’s usefulness (Matuszewska 2015). Fossil resins are being found along the southern coast of the Baltic Sea (from Jutland Peninsula to the Sambia) and ranges stretching trough Germany, Poland, Lithuania, Latvia, Belarus and Ukraine (Czechowski et al. 1996, Heflik & Natkaniec-Nowak 2011). They are also occurring in other locations, for example in Mexico, Domini - can Republic, Colombia and SE Asia (e.g. Myanmar, Indonesia). The most commonly used diagnostic methods for fossil resins are spectroscopic methods (FT-IR, RS) (Kosmowska-Ceranowicz 1999a). They allow identification of different varieties of resins and get to know their internal structure (Czechowski et al. 1996, Kosmowska-Ceranowicz 1999b, Matuszewska 2010, 2015). Quantification possibilities have also other methods, such as X-ray fluorescence, diffractometry, and most of allchemical methods. In recent years, t method for determining the absolute hardness (microhardness) (Matuszewska & Gołąb 2008) was added to these analytical techniques. This parameter clearly shows the relationship between physico-chemical features with different aspects of their genesis. It can be helpful in determining the age of resins (Matuszewska et al. 2002). Hardness as the primary diagnostic feature of many minerals is evaluated relatively to model of 10 minerals in Mohs scale. Reported in the literature (Savkievich 1967, Popkova 1984, Matuszewska 2009), hardnesses of fossil resins are from 1 to 3, which correspond to hardness of talc (1), gypsum (2) and calcite (3). It therefore varies; for succinite (which is treated as a model for fossil resins) range is from 1.5 to 3, while Colombian copal from 1 to 1.5. It depends mainly on the degree of macromolecular structure condensation of these materials. The subjects of the study were samples of fossil resins selected from Mexico (Chiapas), Dominican Republic (Barahona) and Colombia (Velez). In addition, for comparison purposes Baltic succinite were measured. The measurements were done in Gemological Laboratory at WGGiOŚ AGH using a microhardness tester PMT-3 from Russian manufacturer. For the determination of this parameter Vickers method was used, according to which the microhardness determines the ratio of the pressure force of diamond pyramid with load to the lateral surface of the depth print. For measurement, 250 mg load. The test was conducted on the smooth surface of each of 6 samples repeating the measurement 20 times. The obtained results allow concluding clearly that the individual fossil resin samples are significantly different from each other. These differences result from different places of origin and age, thus the conditions of the geological, natural environment, climate, etc. Average value of the microhardness for fossil resins from Mexico and Colombia is the lowest – respectively 18.54 kG/mm 2 and 19.87 kG/mm 2 . In turn, the value of this parameter for the samples from Dominican Republic is significantly higher (yellow resin – 26.59 kG/mm 2 ; orange resin – 27.76 kG/mm 2 ; dark red resin – 26.57 kG/mm 2 ). Succinite achieves the highest values of microhardness in comparison with other resins. This is due to the difference in their ages – Eocene Baltic amber, is the oldest studied resin, therefore condensation processes in the structure are more advanced. Slightly lower values achieve Miocene – Oligocene resins from Dominican Republic. Lower Miocene – upper Oligocene and Pleistocene – Pliocene samples from Mexico and Colombia, have the lowest microhardness. The differences in microhardness of various resins may be explained by the fact that their fossilization underwent in different environmental conditions. The environmental conditions were different in various geographical locations. The degree of condensation and polymerization of the resins and their hardness increased with time. Therefore, in case of the oldest investigated resin, succinite-Baltic amber, the measured microhardeness was the highest.
Źródło:
Geology, Geophysics and Environment; 2016, 42, 1; 63-64
2299-8004
2353-0790
Pojawia się w:
Geology, Geophysics and Environment
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Pobieranie i identyfikacja próbek skażonych bojowymi środkami trującymi i produktami ich degradacji za pomocą stosowanych w wojsku urządzeń do wykrywania skażeń chemicznych w miejscu ich wystąpienia
Collection and identification of samples contaminated with chemical warfare agents and their degradation products with the use of military equipment for detecting chemical contamination at the site of their occurrence
Autorzy:
Kuligowska, Monika
Neffe, Sławomir
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/24065045.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Wojskowa Akademia Techniczna im. Jarosława Dąbrowskiego
Tematy:
nauki chemiczne
broń chemiczna
detekcja bojowych środków trujących
analiza bojowych środków trujących
CBRN
chemical sciences
chemical weapons
detection of chemical warfare agents
analysis of chemical warfare agents
Opis:
Bojowe środki trujące wciąż stanowią realne zagrożenie. Mogą zostać użyte nie tylko w konfliktach zbrojnych. Ugrupowania terrorystyczne wykorzystują je także jako alternatywę dla broni konwencjonalnej. Obecnie ogromnym wyzwaniem są zatopione lub zakopane w wielu regionach świata amunicja i beczki wypełnione śmiertelnie trującymi związkami chemicznymi. Działanie czasu i warunków środowiskowych sprawiło, że substancje te coraz częściej przedostają się do stref użytkowanych przez człowieka, zatruwając wody gruntowe, glebę i stworzenia morskie. W konsekwencji skażeniu ulegają woda pitna oraz produkty żywnościowe pochodzenia roślinnego i zwierzęcego. W obliczu zagrożenia niezbędnym elementem w ochronie życia i zdrowia staje się szybkie wykrycie skażenia oraz jego wiarygodna identyfikacja. Niniejsza praca daje pogląd na zagrożenia spowodowane bojowymi środkami trującymi i pozostałościami po procesach ich degradacji środowiskowej. Pozwala także na zapoznanie się z najnowszymi osiągnięciami w zakresie wykrywania i identyfikacji skażeń chemicznych - na podstawie sprzętu przeznaczonego na potrzeby sił zbrojnych i stacjonarnych laboratoriów analitycznych. Przedstawiona wiedza i wyselekcjonowane dane umożliwią dobór odpowiedniego sprzętu do postawionych zadań dla członków zespołów rozpoznania skażeń. Procedury postępowania z próbkami potencjalnie zawierającymi bojowe środki trujące lub produkty ich degradacji stanowią niezbędną wiedzę dla członków wojskowych zespołów pobierania próbek. Mogą także wspomóc pracę specjalistycznego personelu zatrudnionego w laboratoriach polowych i stacjonarnych. Informacje zawarte w artykule przyczynią się do poprawy bezpieczeństwa pracy z próbkami skażonymi substancjami toksycznymi. Zwiększenie świadomości w zakresie skali zagrożenia oraz prawidłowe działania i szybka reakcja na zaistniałe skażenie na podstawie wykorzystania najnowszych technologii umożliwią przemyślane decyzje i wpłyną na znaczną poprawę bezpieczeństwa ludności.
Chemical warfare agents are still a real threat in the surrounding world. They can be used in armed conflicts and as an alternative to conventional weapons for terrorist groups. The great challenge of today’s world is ammunition and barrels filled with deadly poisonous chemicals that are sunk or buried in many regions. The effects of time and environmental conditions have caused these substances to increasingly leak into the areas used by humans, contaminating groundwater, soil, and aquatic organisms. Consequently, drinking water and food products of plant and animal origin are contaminated. In the face of a threat, an essential element in protecting life and health is the fast detection of contamination and its reliable identification. This paper gives an overview of the threats caused by chemical warfare agents and residues from the processes of their environmental degradation. It also allows us to get acquainted with the latest achievements in detecting and identifying contamination when we know the equipment intended for the needs of the armed forces and stationary chemical laboratories. The knowledge presented here and the selected data will enable our selection of appropriate equipment for the assigned tasks for members of contamination reconnaissance teams. The procedures for handling samples potentially containing chemical warfare agents or their degradation products are essential knowledge for members of military sampling teams. They can also support specialist staff employed in field and stationary laboratories. The information gathered here will improve the safety of working with samples contaminated with toxic substances at every stage. Increasing awareness of the scale of the threat as well as proper actions and a quick response to the existing contamination due to the use of the latest technologies will enable us to make well-considered decisions and significantly improve the population’s safety.
Źródło:
Biuletyn Wojskowej Akademii Technicznej; 2022, 71, 4; 73--110
1234-5865
Pojawia się w:
Biuletyn Wojskowej Akademii Technicznej
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Evaluation of chemical and physico-chemical indicators of water and bottom macrofauna the Resko Lake on the basis of the European Union Water Framework Directive
Autorzy:
Daniszewski, P.
Konieczny, R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/411806.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN
Tematy:
water
lake
chemical and physico-chemical indicators
macrozoobenthos
European Union Water Framework Directive
Opis:
We carried out a detailed study of the kinetics of oxidation of N'-ferrocenylmethyl-N'-phenylbenzohydrazide (FcX) to ferrocenium ion (FcX+) in aqueous and organic mediums. This study using cyclic (CV) and rotating disk electrode (RDE) voltammetry showed that the FcX/FcX+ redox couple is reversible. The N'-ferrocenylmethyl-N'-phenylbenzohydrazide and ferrocenium ion diffusion coefficients (D) were calculated from these results. In addition, the electron transfer rate constant and the exchange current density for the oxidation of ferrocene were determined. A comparison of the kinetic data obtained from the two electrochemical techniques appears to show that the data from the RDE experiments are more reliable because they are collected under strict mass transport control. Have studied lake close to neutral pH - 7.67 to 7.73. All lakes in accordance with the classification of the European Union Water Framework Directive have been included in the first class. The concentration in the surface layer of Ptot. Lake is little differentiated, is at level II quality class according to the classification of the European Union Water Framework Directive. Tested water lakes were changing the concentration of the PO43-diss - these concentrations correspond to water quality from III. The increase of the concentrations of phosphorus in the Lake may indicate a decrease in the amount of oxygen in the waters of the shallow and changes their status to release phosphorus compounds accumulated redox in sediment bottom. In the case of nitrogen-compounds nitrates and nitrites values for these indicators were at level I and II class in all the surveyed lakes in accordance with the classification of the European Union Water Framework Directive. Indicator, which indicates the high productivity of Lake is the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5). The level of this indicator values on the studied Lake was on level III class. In the remaining Lake oxygen concentration was similar (continued in I class). Fauna of the Resko Lake bottom during summer stagnation was poor in terms of quality, which proves its considerable biological degradation. In terms of the concentration in the test macrozoobenthos Lake dominated, and Oligochaeta, Diptera larvae.
Źródło:
International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy; 2013, 5; 86-96
2299-3843
Pojawia się w:
International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Chemical compounds and antimicrobial activity of petitgrain (Citrus aurantium L. var. amara) essential oil
Skład chemiczny i aktywność przeciwdrobnoustrojowa olejku eterycznego petitgrain (Citrus aurantium L. var. amara)
Autorzy:
Gniewosz, M.
Krasniewska, K.
Kosakowska, O.
Pobiega, K.
Wolska, I.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/72068.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Instytut Włókien Naturalnych i Roślin Zielarskich
Tematy:
chemical compound
antimicrobial activity
petitgrain
Citrus aurantium ssp.amara
essential oil
chemical composition
Opis:
Introduction: Due to its low cost and easy availability on the market, the petitgrain oil is commonly used in food, cosmetics, and aromatherapy. Objective: The examination of chemical composition and antibacterial activity of commercial petitgrain oil. Methods: Identification of chemical components of the petitgrain oil was performed by gas chromatography (GC). The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and minimum bactericidal/fungicidal concentrations (MBC/MFC) were determined using macrodilution method for the reference strains of bacteria and fungi. Results: Twenty components were identified. The petitgrain oil contained mostly oxygenated monoterpene hydrocarbons (98.01%), and the main components included linalyl acetate (48.06%) and linalool (26.88%). The MIC/MBC of the petitgrain oil for bacteria was in the range of 0.63–5.0/1.25–5.0 mg/ml and for fungi in the range of 1.25–40/5.0–80 mg/ml. Conclusion: The petitgrain oil had higher antibacterial activity than antifungal activity. Bacillus subtilis among the tested bacteria and Aspergillus niger and Penicillium expansum among the fungi were found to be highly inhibited by the petitgrain oil.
Wstęp: Olejek eteryczny petitgrain ze względu na niewielki koszt i dostępność na rynku jest często stosowany w produkcji żywności, kosmetyków i aromaterapii. Cel: Zbadano skład chemiczny i aktywność przeciwdrobnoustrojową handlowego olejku petitgrain. Metodyka: Identyfikację chemicznych składników olejku petitgrain wykonano przy użyciu chromatografii gazowej (GC). Minimalne stężenia hamujące (mic) oraz minimalne stężenia bakteriobójcze/grzybobójcze (MBC/MFC) zostały oznaczone metodą makrorozcieńczeń wobec referencyjnych szczepów bakterii i grzybów. Wyniki: Zidentyfikowano dwadzieścia kompotentów. Olejek petitgrain zawierał najwięcej utlenionych węglowodorów monoterpenowych (98.01%), a głównymi składnikami były: octan linalilu (48,06%) i linalool (26,88%). MIC/MBC olejku petitgrain wobec bakterii były w granicach 0,63–5,0/1,25−5,0 mg/ml, a wobec grzybów były w zakresie 1,25–40/5,0–80 mg/ml. Wnioski: Olejek petitgrain miał większą aktywność przeciwbakteryjną niż przeciwgrzybiczną. Spośród badanych bakterii Bacillus subtilis, a spośród grzybów Aspergillus niger i Penicillium expansum były najsilniej hamowane przez olejek petitgrain.
Źródło:
Herba Polonica; 2017, 63, 4
0018-0599
Pojawia się w:
Herba Polonica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Rola zielonej chemii w działaniach na rzecz zwiększenia bezpieczeństwa chemicznego
The role of green chemistry in actions in favour of chemical safety increase
Autorzy:
Puchała, C.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/103749.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Humanistyczno-Przyrodniczy im. Jana Długosza w Częstochowie. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane
Tematy:
zielona chemia
zagrożenia chemiczne
bezpieczeństwo chemiczne
green chemistry
chemical threats
chemical safety
Opis:
Postępująca, szczególnie od lat 30. ubiegłego wieku, chemizacja naszego życia stwarza poważne e zagrożenia dla ludzi i środowiska naturalnego. Zagrożenia te pojawiają się na etapie produkcji, przetwarzania, transportu, magazynowania, użytkowania produktów chemicznych i powstawania odpadów. W związku z tym m podejmowane są różnego rodzaju inicjatywy, mające na celu zwiększenie bezpieczeństwa chemicznego. Jedną z nich jest program zielonej chemii (ang. Green Chemistry), który powstał w 1991 roku. Koncepcja zielonej chemii opiera się na 12 zasadach, opracowanych przez Anastasa i Warnera. W działaniach zmierzających do zwiększenia bezpieczeństwa chemicznego ważną rolę odgrywa dziewięć z nich. Dotyczą one: zmniejszenia ryzyka wypadków chemicznych (zasada 12.), wykorzystania metod analitycznych umożliwiających ciągły monitoring produkcji (zasada 11.), prowadzenia mniej niebezpiecznych syntez chemicznych (zasada 3.), wytwarzania alternatywnych produktów chemicznych, zachowujących swoje funkcje, ale nietoksycznych (zasada 4.), stosowania bezpieczniejszych substancji pomocniczych (zasada 5.), zapobiegania tworzeniu zanieczyszczeń i odpadów (zasada 1.), projektowania syntez chemicznych z uwzględnieniem ekonomii atomowej (zasada 2.), preferowania reakcji katalitycznych (zasada 9.), produkcji materiałów chemicznych ulegających biodegradacji (zasada 10.). Wykorzystanie wymienionych zasad zielonej chemii w działaniach na rzecz zwiększenia bezpieczeństwa chemicznego opisano w pracy. Aby przekonać się o stopniu znajomości zielonej chemii wśród studentów, przeprowadzono badania ankietowe. Jako narzędzie badawcze wykorzystano kwestionariusz ankiety, który zawierał pytania zamknięte i półotwarte. Uzyskane wyniki badań przeanalizowano w pracy.
Especially since the 1930’, progressive chemicalization of our life causes serious threats for people and natural environment. Those threats appear on the level of production, processing, transport, storage, usage of chemical products and waste formation. As a consequence, different types of initiatives are undertaken to increase chemical safety. One of them is green chemistry program which was started in 1991. The concept of green chemistry is based on twelve principles developed by Anastas and Warner. In actions heading for chemical safety increase, nine of them play significant role. They refer to: - risk reduction of chemical accidents (principle no. 12), - usage of analytical methods enabling constant production monitoring (principle no. 11), - conduct of less hazardous chemical synthesis (principle no. 3), - production of alternative chemical products which will preserve their functions while being non-toxic (principle no. 4), - usage of safer auxiliary substances (principle no. 5), - prevention of pollution and waste formation (principle no. 1), - designing of chemical synthesis with regard to atom economy (principle no. 2), - prefer of catalytic reactions (principle no. 9), - production of chemical products which undergo biodegradation (principle no. 10). The usage of mentioned green chemistry principles in actions heading for chemical safety increase was described in the paper. In order to prove level of green chemistry knowledge, a survey among students was carried out. A questionnaire was used as a research tool. It included open and half-open questions. Obtained survey results were analysed in the paper.
Źródło:
Prace Naukowe Akademii im. Jana Długosza w Częstochowie. Technika, Informatyka, Inżynieria Bezpieczeństwa; 2014, T. 2; 277-285
2300-5343
Pojawia się w:
Prace Naukowe Akademii im. Jana Długosza w Częstochowie. Technika, Informatyka, Inżynieria Bezpieczeństwa
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Evaluation of chemical and physico-chemical indicators of water of the Resko lake on the basis of the European Union Water Framework Directive
Autorzy:
Daniszewski, P.
Konieczny, R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/411595.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN
Tematy:
water
lake
chemical and physico-chemical indicators
European Union Water Framework Directive
Opis:
The work shows the evaluation of physico-chemical parameters of water Resko lake, based on the European Union Water Framework Directive. Research was carried out in the years 2008-2009, in the period from April to October. With each of the three measuring stations on the tested water samples were taken two separate Lakes for chemical analysis. At the place of sampling were numbered pH. Trying to test water were taken by Polish Standards. Collected water samples were fixed in accordance with the recommendations in the Polish Standards. Other indicators for the quality of the waters have been tagged within 24 hours from the moment of download attempts. Have studied lake close to neutral pH - 7.63 to 7.79. All lakes in accordance with the classification of the European Union Water Framework Directive have been included in the first class. Studies have shown a diverse water quality in lakes in relation to tested indicators. By analyzing the average annual values can be noted that the pH of the water, the O2diss and the concentration of NO3? showed a relatively small variation in all investigated Lakes. The level of the General Suspension in Resko lake the peasant was on level II class. The concentration in the surface layer of Ptot. Lake is little differentiated, is at level II quality class according to the classification of the European Union Water Framework Directive. The concentration of total phosphorus is 0,22-0,29 mg?dm-3.
Źródło:
International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy; 2013, 4; 98-104
2299-3843
Pojawia się w:
International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-25 z 2239

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