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Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 303
Tytuł:
Analizy przestrzenne w systemach informacji georgaficznej
Spatial analysis in Geographic Informations Systems
Autorzy:
Żyszkowska, W.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/204437.pdf
Data publikacji:
2003
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Geograficzne
Tematy:
kartografia
system GIS
system informacji geograficznej
metoda badań
cartography
GIS system
geographic information system (GIS)
method
Opis:
Systemy GIS spełniają wiele funkcji, z których najczęściej wykorzystywane i uznawane za najważniejsze są funkcje związane z zapisywaniem informacji przestrzennej, jej wyszukiwaniem i identyfikacją oraz prezentacją. Nie mniej interesujące dla kartografow są funkcje działające na wyższym poziomie wykorzystania GIS, związane z bardziej złożonymi sposobami przetwarzania informacji przestrzennej, które można określić jako analizy przestrzenne. W atrykule omówiono metody analizy przestrzennej w GIS w kontekście kartograficznej metody badań oraz kartografii analitycznej.
Maps are basic tools in many branches dealing with geographic space; map analysis belongs to primary research methods of natural science. These methods, which are a part of "cartographic research method" (K.A. Salishchev 1955), include: description basing on a visual analysis of a map, graphic methods, grapho-analytical methods, cartometry, morphometry, mathematical analysis methods, statistical methods and information theory methods (A.M. Berlant 1978). In American cartography, W.R.Tobler started so called "analytical cartography" which bases on quantitative, mathematical and statistical relations between geographical phenomena. It covers basic cartographic issues: transformations of map projections, transformations of point, linear and spatial objects, affinical transformations, transformations of statistical surfaces and structure of map data as well as volumetric transformations (J.-C. Muller 1991, A.J.Kimerling 1989, K.C. Clarke 1998, H. Moellering 2000). Data transformation is performed by computer systems, mainly geographical information systems, which are considered to be the natural successor of the methods of spatial phenomena analysis (P.A. Longley et al. 2001), known from cartographic research method. The main difference between cartographic research method and analytical cartography lies in scopee of research. The first concentrates mainly on formal aspect of methods and interpretation of results, the second stresses basic problems and terms of the field. The character of computer systems changed the approach to methods and rules of parameter assignment. Analytical cartography is currently linked to a new scientific discipline connected to spatial information systems "Geographic Information Science" (D. Mark 2000, H. Moellering 2000). In GIS there exist many methods of data transformation, basing on various principles, which are specified in software manuals and GIS handbooks. They can be divided into several groups, differing in complexity and character of operation. These metgod are described in the article. Application of various types of analyses and operations in GIS systems is labeled "cartographic modeling" (C.D. Tomlin 1990, J. Delaney 1999); it can refer to physical as well as socio-economic phenomena. It depends on phenomena models, which simultaneously take into account apatial and functional aspects. The models can be of explanative or predictive character. All methods, which traditionally belonged to cartographical research method can now be realized with GIS. When used properly, they can add to its development.
Źródło:
Polski Przegląd Kartograficzny; 2003, T. 35, nr 2, 2; 100-113
0324-8321
Pojawia się w:
Polski Przegląd Kartograficzny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Percepcja znaków na mapach gospodarczych w polskich atlasach szkolnych
Perception of signs on maps in Polish school atlases
Autorzy:
Żyszkowska, W.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/971694.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Geograficzne
Tematy:
kartografia szkolna
percepcja map
mapy gospodarcze
school cartography
map perception
economic maps
Opis:
W artykule omówiono problem percepcji znaków na mapach gospodarczych w polskich atlasach szkolnych w aspekcie zdolności uczniów do rozumienia i zapamiętywania informacji oraz różnic między atlasami szkolnymi trzech polskich wydawnictw: Nowa Era, Wiking i Demart. W drugiej części artykułu wykorzystano wyniki eksperymentu przeprowadzonego w ramach pracy magisterskiej w Zakładzie Kartografii Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego.
The article discusses three issues concerning recognition and memorization of signs on economic maps in Polish school atlases: 1) linking symbols to the phenomena they represent, 2) form of signs (size, shape and color), 3) comparison of the analyzed atlases' functionality. To answer the above questions, an experiment was organized involving 218 elementary school pupils and students of Wrocław University 1st year of geography and 2nd year of cartographic specialization. The subject of research were economic maps prepared basing on maps from school atlases published by Demart, Nowa Era and Wiking publishing houses. Six fictional maps of mining and processing industry were edited in 1:7 500 000, each of them containing 7 signs from the analyzed atlases. Participants were presented with five tasks: 1) linking explanations to particular signs, 2) evaluation of the size of sign groups (too large, too small, correct size), 3) evaluation of association of signs with particular industry (yes, no, rather yes, rather no), remembering which sign shape was most common on maps of mining and processing industry and which colors were used for timber and clothing industries, 5) drawing of the best remembered sign for selected sectors of mining and processing industry. The experiment showed that the signs were well recognized, but it was much easier for participants to associate explanation with signs which showed chemical elements in circles. This supports the obsen/ations of P. Grohmann (1975) on the isomorphism of signs in map perception, as well as his suggestion that picture signs should be placed within closed figures. The results of drawing tasks also supports the views of J.C. Patton and TA. Slocum (1985) on the relative ease with which signs are recognized, but difficulty with which they are recreated. Most participants claimed that the signs on maps were of the right shape and circles, squares and sign colors were easily remembered. Not surprisingly, the number of correct answers grew with the level of education, and geometrie signs proved more difficult for younger participants. Comparison of the maps published by the three publishing houses showed that some sign groups were easier for participants, however it is difficult to announce a definite leader. This, in turn, proves that Polish school atlases are undoubtedly valuable teaching aids.
Źródło:
Polski Przegląd Kartograficzny; 2009, T. 41, nr 1, 1; 17-27
0324-8321
Pojawia się w:
Polski Przegląd Kartograficzny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Okoliczności powstania planów i map Zamościa od XVII do XX wieku oraz sylwetki ich autorów
The origin of maps of Zamość between 17th and 20th centuries and their authors
Autorzy:
Żygawski, J.
Sirko, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/204343.pdf
Data publikacji:
2006
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Geograficzne
Tematy:
historia
kartografia
plan miasta
Zamość
cartography
history
plan
city
Opis:
W artykule omówiono historię i okoliczności powstania planów i map Zamościa oraz przedstawiono sylwetki autorów tych dzieł - kartografów wojskowych, geometrów Ordynacji Zamojskiej i architektów miejskich.
In September 2005 Zamość hosted a conference organized on the 400th anniversary of the death of Jan Zamojski, the city's founder. Among the conference publications there are two articles on the historic cartography of Zamość (M. Sirko 2005, J. Zygawski 2005). The article aims to present the cartographers contribution into the history of Zamość between the 17th and 20th centuries. The catalogues of maps and city plans which have been prepared until today are not final. From time to time we learn about newly discovered maps, official registry plans or copies. At the same time there appear new names which have not been known before. Collected cartographic materials were ordered and divided into five periods important for the city's history (1580-1699, 1700-1771, 1772-1808, 1809-1866, 1867-1939). The first period was for Zamość the time of crystallization of city structure, economic life, investment in construction but also siege and war destruction. That period in the city's history demanded detailed maps. The oldest cartographic representation of Zamość is The plan of the Market (no scale) dated for the years 1603-1604. The woodcut from 1774 published in Jonsac's Historie des Stanislas Jablonowski in 1:4000 is considered to be the most true. The years 1700-1771 were very unstable in the city's history. In 1704 there appeared Zamojsc. Hwilken Hans Kongi May Konung Carl den XII... Fig. 2 published by Swedes, considered to be the most precise at the time. Several other plans were published by Germans. The third period (1772-1808), because of the partition of Poland, links Zamość with the kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria. The first known city plan from the period of Austrian partition (1772) was prepared by F. Buzogany in scale 1:3000. For obvious reasons the plans' authors were military officers and surveyors. In the common opinion the best was Erstes Zaichrungs-Blat. Plan von der Festung Novi Zamość in der Konigreich Galizien nebst der um selbe auf 6, bis 700 Klaftern liegende Gegend in scale 1:1700 from 1777. The years 1809-1866 are the final period of the existing city form. However the cartographic activity at that time showed intense development thanks to the authors of plans and maps such as J.Ch. Mallet-Malletski, L. Jodko, M. Hauke, J.P. Lelewel and K. Bojanowski. The last period covers the years 1867-1939. Especially noteworthy are the works of surveyors employed in Ordynacja Zamojska (G. Sochacki, K. Pożerski, J. Widenko) and the architects working in the regional administration offices (W. Sienicki, W. Lucht, E. Kranz, J. Margules, T. Zaremba, W. Wieczorkiewicz).
Źródło:
Polski Przegląd Kartograficzny; 2006, T. 38, nr 3, 3; 233-245
0324-8321
Pojawia się w:
Polski Przegląd Kartograficzny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Rzeka, młyny, wyspy i siano. Późnonowożytna mapa okolic Broku nad Bugiem w kontekście procesów środowiskowych
River, mills, islands, and hay. A late modern map of the Brok on the Bug area in the context of environmental processes
Autorzy:
Związek, Tomasz
Brykała, Dariusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/18055679.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Historii im. Tadeusza Manteuffla PAN w Warszawie
Tematy:
history of cartography
Brok
Morzyczyn Włościański
Bug River
environmental history
historical geography
White Forest
Visitation Sisters
historia kartografii
Bug
historia środowiska
geografia historyczna
Puszcza Biała
wizytki
Opis:
Niniejszy artykuł przedstawia analizę jednej z osiemnastowiecznych map koryta Bugu na wysokości miejscowości Brok i Morzyczyn Włościański, która przechowywana jest obecnie w zbiorach klasztoru zgromadzenia ss. wizytek w Warszawie. Wyniki przedstawione w artykule przyczyniły się wydatowania tego zabytku i określenia jego skali. Dodatkowo podjęta została próba szerszego przeanalizowania kontekstów środowiskowych koryta Bugu przed trzema wiekami.
The article analyses one of the eighteenth-century maps of the Bug river’s bed near Brok and Morzyczyn Włościański. The map is kept in the collections of the convent of the Visitation Nuns in Warsaw. The results presented in the article contributed to the dating of the map and the determination of its scale. Additionally, an attempt was made to analyse the environmental context of the Bug riverbed three centuries ago.
Źródło:
Studia Geohistorica; 2022, 10; 28-52
2300-2875
Pojawia się w:
Studia Geohistorica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Nauczanie kartografii na Węgrzech
Cartography courses in Hungary
Autorzy:
Zentai, L.
Gercsák, G.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/204283.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Geograficzne
Tematy:
Proces Boloński
kartografia
nauczanie
Węgry
Bologna Process
cartography
education
Hungary
Opis:
W artykule przedstawiono nauczanie kartografii na Węgrzech poczynając od lat pięćdziesiątych ubiegłego wieku. Znaczna część artykułu poświęcona jest modernizacji programów studiów w związku z wdrażaniem procesu bolońskiego na Węgrzech od 2002 roku.
After the 1990 political reforms, it took several years until Hungary officially signed the Bologna Declaration (1999). The progress was very slow: the implementation of the Bologna principles only started in 2002. The nation-wide introduction of the BA and BSc system began in 2006. The new system is now complete with the start of training at MA and MSc levels in autumn 2009. One of the most important bodies in this process has been the Hungarian Accreditation Commit-tee. This Board consists of university professors and academics and has control over the establishment and introduction of curricula in all higher education institutions in Hungary. As for cartography and geodesy, we had two independent 5-year degree programmes in the pre-Bologna system: Cartography training was available at Eótvós Lorand University, while Surveying and Geoinformatical Engineering training was offered by the Budapest University of Technology and Economics. The College of Surveying and Land Administration in Szekesfehervar offered two 3-year degree programmes. Due to the integration of Hungarian higher education institutions in 2000, which drastically reduced the number of institutions, this college was incorpo-rated as a faculty into the University of West Hungary based in Sopran. These three institutions had worked a lot on establishing and developing their own programmes. However, these individual programmes have lost their independence with the generał implementation of the Bologna process in Hungary. It is only natural that every institution was interested in finding a way to keep as much of their original curricula as only possible. Although about 140 BA and BSc programmes were established at national level, the Bologna system in Hungary did not allow any BSc programme in cartography. However, Eótvós Lorand University established its MSc programme in cartography and the Budapest University of Technology and Economics established an MSc programme related to cartography. Four Hungarian universities agreed on starting a new MSc programme in GIS, but the Hungarian Accreditation Committee refused the approval of their joint proposal. Some BSc and MSc programmes (such as geography and informatics) established specialization in GIS, and this gives us the opportunity of teaching cartography to a larger number of students. There are still other cartography-related MSc programmes waiting for approval by the Hungarian Accreditation Committee. The paper sums up the conclusions of the Bologna process and the visions after the first BSc students have just completed their studies.
Źródło:
Polski Przegląd Kartograficzny; 2009, T. 41, nr 4, 4; 363-370
0324-8321
Pojawia się w:
Polski Przegląd Kartograficzny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
E-język i generowanie symboli E-alfabetu na podstawie transformacji „tekst-grafika”
E-language and generating symbols of E-alphabet based on „text – graphics” transformation
Autorzy:
Żarnowski, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/131240.pdf
Data publikacji:
2003
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Geodetów Polskich
Tematy:
kartografia
SIP
technologia geoinformatyczna
alfabet elektroniczny
cartography
e-alphabet
geoinformation technology
Opis:
Jak pokazuje historia cywilizacji, nowy stopień jakościowy jej rozwoju jest ściśle powiązany ze sposobem zapisywania i przekazywania informacji. Sposób zapisywania informacji w postaci tekstu praktycznie nie zmienił się od czasów odkrycia druku. W referacie zdefiniowano podstawowe pojęcia(alfabet, litera, słowo, zdanie i tekst), które są wykorzystywane przy opracowaniu E-alfabetu. Pokazano, że dowolne słowo w języku naturalnym może być zapisane jako symbol E-alfabetu przy odpowiednio dobranym alfabecie. Zdefiniowano schemat formowania symboli E-alfabetu i przedstawiono przykłady takich symboli. Wykorzystane dla generowania symboli E-alfabetu podstawy teoretyczne mogą być zastosowane do opracowania SIP-alfabetu i modernizacji technologii geoinformatycznej tradycyjnie wykorzystywanej w SIP.
As illustrated by the history of civilization, progress has always involved some means of recording and transfering information. The text form of recording information has remained virtually unchanged since Gutenberg developed printing. Basic terms such as alphabet, letter, word, sentence, and text, which all are used for an E-alphabet, are defined in this paper. This paper demonstrates that any word from a natural language may be represented as a symbol of an E-alphabet if the alphabet is appropriately chosen. Additionally, this paper defines a schema of forming E-alphabet symbols and presents examples of such symbols. Generating E-alphabet symbols is based on theory that can also be applied to writing an SIP-alphabet as well as modernising the geoinformatics technology traditionally used in SIP.
Źródło:
Archiwum Fotogrametrii, Kartografii i Teledetekcji; 2003, 13a; 293-300
2083-2214
2391-9477
Pojawia się w:
Archiwum Fotogrametrii, Kartografii i Teledetekcji
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Publikowane mapy Śląska do połowy XVIII wieku na tle innych regionów oraz ich adaptacje przez kartografów europejskich
Maps of Silesia published until the half of the 18th century compared to other regions and their adaptations by European cartographers
Autorzy:
Wytyczak, R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/204220.pdf
Data publikacji:
2003
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Geograficzne
Tematy:
kartografia
mapa
Śląsk
historia
cartography
map
Silesia
history
Opis:
Artukuł przedstawia dwa mało znane zagadnienia związane z dawną kartografią Śląska. Pierwsze dotyczy porównania dorobku w zakresie map drukowanych w XVI, XVII i XVIII stuleciu z Saksonią, Brandenburgią, Pomorzem Zachodnim i Prusami Książęcymi. Drugie odnosi się do poziomu adaptacji map Śląska przez europejski oficyny wydawnicze.
The article discusses two less known aspects of the history of Silesian cartography. The first is the output of the region in comparison to other region of comparable area: Saxony, Brandenburg, West Pomerania and Prussia. The compared maps were published between the 16th century and 1750. Cartographic presentations were divided in three groups: general maps, detailed maps and thematic (special) maps. The chart showed the advantage of Silesia, which had 25 maps published until the half of the 18th century. Financial support received from the local nobility created favorable conditions for Silesian cartographers. Maps by M. Helwig, J. Scuteltus, F. Khun were published thanks to such support. Silesia's advantage is particularly evident in the case of detailed maps. Most of them were authored by Jonas Scultetus of Szprotawa. His activity in the field of Silesian cartography as well as works of F. Khun, D. Sinapius and L.D. Hermann, J. Nigrinus and T. Mayer brought on spectacular results: before the publication of famous "Atlas Silesiae" in 1752 maps of 10 out of 16 duchies and the Country of Kłodzko had been drawn - they covered 62% of the area of the province. None of the four other regions had comparable output. The second less known issue is the question of adaptation of the maps of Silesia by European publishing houses. Most maps elaborated in Silesia found numerous publishers, mainly in Antwerp, Amsterdam, Augsburg and Nurnberg. Maps of Silesia were often printed in large atlases, particularly in the 17th and 18th century. In the largest of them, J. Blaeu's eleven volume "Atlas Maior" from 1662 there were 11 such maps. In this respect Silesia was one of the leading Central European regions. Maps printed by Western European publishers usually did not conform to the original, because the original itself had often been altered. The extent of adaptation depended on its purpose and the quality - on the skill and diligence of a cartographer or engraver. Additionally, in the 16th century there started a tendency to use stencils to present relief and forests, which to a large extent eliminated individual features of the originals. Comparative research involved four Silesian map authors: Helwig, Scultetus, Khun and Nigrinus. The most common weakness of the adaptations is the over-simplification or even alteration of relief. Helwig's map of Silesia from 1561 adapted by A. Ortelius and Khun's maps of the Duchies of Świdnica and Jawor from the second half of the 17th century, adapted by J. Blaeu and P. Schenk serve as examples. It should be noted that the original authors in most cases managed to present relief, and Khun was the first Silesian cartographer to show forests in mountain areas, with a lot of skill and precision. Almost all advantages of those maps had been lost in adaptations. An interesting map of the Duchy of Cieszyn by J. Nigrinus from 1724 was relatively well adapted and published by M. Seuter in 1740 in Augsburg. In this case most changes concerned ornaments linked to the contents of the map. Nigrinus showed a shepherd's hut from Silesian Beskid, which caught the attention of many ethnographers. Seutter deleted that illustration, which significantly decreased the publication's value. Rich - in comparison to the other four regions - cartographic heritage of Silesia was often exploited by West European publishers. Maps of Silesia, which commonly appeared in atlases or separately were often of little value and presented a largely false image. On the other hand, because of them Silesian works had an opportunity to appear on a larger than local scene.
Źródło:
Polski Przegląd Kartograficzny; 2003, T. 35, nr 4, 4; 265-275
0324-8321
Pojawia się w:
Polski Przegląd Kartograficzny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Z badań nad chronologią wydań i wiarygodnością treści map Jonasa Scultetusa
From the research on the chronology of edition and the reliability of the maps by Jonas Scultetus
Autorzy:
Wytyczak, R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/204474.pdf
Data publikacji:
2004
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Geograficzne
Tematy:
cartography
history
map
Silesia
Scultetus Jonas
Opis:
Autor przedstawia ocenę wiarygodności treści map Jonasa Scultetusa (1603-1664) będącą wynikiem przeprowadzonej analizy opisowej, polegającej na porównaniu elementów fizycznogeograficznych i gospodarczych na tych mapach z późniejszymi materiałami kartograficznymi. Prezentowany przegląd dzieł Sculetusa zawiera również informacje o chronologii wydań każdej z map i relacjach między nimi.
Jonas Scultetus was, after Martin Helwig, the second best recognized Silesian cartographer. He was born in Szprotawa in 1603, where he also started his education. Later he attended the famous gymnasium in Bytom Odrzański and studied at the Universities in Frankfurt on the Oder and Leipzig. He graduated as a qualified lawyer. For the rest of his life he remained linked to the Stosch family, the owners of Czernina, a town on the border of Wielkopolska region. Scultetus was the author of 8 maps, which were created during the thirty-year war (1618-1648), which was taking place in Silesia. There is no other information on the conditions or methods of their preparation. However it is known that he was sponsored by well-off Silesian gentry. The maps were published by renowned European publishing houses. The first print was done by Henricus Hondius and Johannes Janssonius in Amsterdam. Their chronology is as follows: after 1634 - the Duchy of Legnica as a separate sheet, in 1641 as an atlas map; before 1636 - the Duchy of Wołów as a separate sheet, in 1641 as an atlas map; 1636 - the Duchy of Głogów, a map of Silesia; 1638 - a map of Lower Silesia, the County of Kłodzko; 1639 - the Duchy of Breslau; 1644 - the Duchy of Grodków, The cartographic heritage of J. Scultetus has not been properly evaluated yet. His works have been neither researched cartometrically nor profoundly described, which is mostly due to slight disregard with which they were met. Researchers considered them to be primitive and uninteresting. The author of the article attempts to fill the existing gap and presents a descriptive analysis of the maps. It attempts to assess the reliability of contents by comparison of physico-geographical and economic elements on Scultetus' maps with later cartographic sources. Maps of the Duchies by J.W. Wieland and M. Schubarth from the 1752 atlas of Silesia and a topographic map Katie des Deustchen Reiches in 1:100 000 from the late nineteenth century were used for comparison. The analysis is preceded by a short note on the chronology of each map's editions and relations between them, which is illustrated by the enclosed filiation charts. The analysis covered river network, lakes, relief, forests and presented objects of economy. It turned out, that the reliability of analyzed maps varies according to the author's knowledge of particular areas. Scultetus' knowledge of Upper Silesia was relatively poor, therefore for his chorographic map of the area he partly borrowed from M. Helwig's work. Nevertheless, his map compares well to the one by Helwig, and in some respects it surpasses it, e.g. with the level of detail of river network and the number of geographic names. The Duchy of Legnica was presented best - all the considered elements are relatively correct. The presentations of the Duchy of Głogów and Lower Silesia are poorer. On the maps of the Duchy of Wołów, the Duchy of Breslau and the County of Kłodzko only some elements, mainly objects of economy, are credible. Thirty-year war trenches shown on the maps of Lower Silesia and the Duchy of Wołów are especially noteworthy. Despite their flaws the works of Jonas Scultetus have also a number of advantages, thanks to which they can come useful for research purposes, in particular for the reconstruction of landscape and some aspects of the history of economy. Being the first Silesian cartographic sources, they definitely deserve more attention in the future.
Źródło:
Polski Przegląd Kartograficzny; 2004, T. 36, nr 3, 3; 187-198
0324-8321
Pojawia się w:
Polski Przegląd Kartograficzny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The choice of exercises on technical graphics at the specialization of geodesy and cartography
Wybór przykładowych ćwiczeń z grafiki inżynierskiej realizowanych na kierunku geodezja i kartografia
Autorzy:
Wróblewska, D.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/118983.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Geometrii i Grafiki Inżynierskiej
Tematy:
engineering graphics
geodesy and cartography
education
grafika inżynierska
geodezja i kartografia
edukacja
Opis:
The paper presents the contents and methods of teaching the technical graphics module (TGM) within the frame of the subject Technical Graphics and Elements of Descriptive Geometry The subject has been taught at Geodesy and Cartography, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering at Gdańsk University of Technology, sińce 2009. The module's two main objectives are: 1) to develop students' skills in creating standardized and conventional geodetic technical drawings and 2) to enable work with different engineering documentation during geodetic surveys. The whole course and modules are under constant monitoring what allows identifícation of both their weaknesses and advantages. This paper describes the evolution of TGM module in terms of course content
W artykule zaprezentowano treści i metody nauczania modułu grafiki inżynierskiej (Technical Grafics Module) realizowanego w ramach przedmiotu Grafika Inżynierska z Elementami Geometrii Wykreślnej. Przedmiot jest nauczany na kierunku Geodezja i Kartografia na Wydziale Inżynierii Lądowej i Środowiska w Politechnice Gdańskiej od 2009 roku tj., roku uruchomienia nowego kierunku. W ramach modułu grafiki realizowane są następujące cele: 1) rozwinięcie umiejętności studentów w zakresie tworzenia i opracowywania rysunków geodezyjnych zgodnie ze standardami i z wykorzystaniem odpowiednich narzędzi; 2) wykształcenie umiejętności czytania i interpretowania dokumentacji technicznych budowlanych, architektonicznych i innych wykorzystywanych w pracy geodety. Zarówno kurs jako całość, jak i poszczególne moduły są monitorowane, co pozwala na identyfikację jego mocnych oraz słabych stron. Pozwala to na bieżące wprowadzanie zmian usprawniających proces dydaktyczny, które zostały również przedstawione w niniejszym artykule.
Źródło:
Journal Biuletyn of Polish Society for Geometry and Engineering Graphics; 2011, 22; 55-61
1644-9363
Pojawia się w:
Journal Biuletyn of Polish Society for Geometry and Engineering Graphics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Niemieckie mapy turystyczne Karkonoszy do 1945 roku
German tourist maps of Karkonosze before 1945
Autorzy:
Woźniak, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/204204.pdf
Data publikacji:
2005
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Geograficzne
Tematy:
kartografia
historia kartografii
Karkonosze
cartography
history
tourist map
Opis:
W artykule omówiono kształtowanie się mapy turystycznej Karkonoszy od momentu pojawienia się pierwszych górskich wędrówek do końca II wojny światowej. Najwięcej uwagi poświęcono prywatnej kartografii niemieckiej w XIX i pierwszej połowie XX w., gdy Karkonosze wraz z ziemią jeleniogórską stanowiły ważny i liczący się w Europie region turystyczny.
Karkonosze have played an important role in Central European tourism since the time when travels began to be perceived as a form of insight and leisure. Fast development of tourism in Karkonosze took place in the 19th century when the mountains became one of the most popular tourist destinations in Europe. As a result there appeared a large number of guides and tourist maps. An evident mountain range depicting Sudetes and its peak Śnieżka appeared on the map of Silesia in 1:550 000 by Martin Helwig, dated 1561. On the break of the 19th century the first detailed topographic survey of Sudetes was conducted, giving a solid base for later tourist maps. J. Hoser's map in 1:100 000 from 1806 is considered to be the first tourist map of Karkonosze, the highest range of Sudetes. Fast development of tourism in Karkonosze and the resulting demand for tourist maps brought cartographic production in Silesia to significant volume. Maps were prepared by numerous private publishers-printers, which used the names of geographic or cartographic institutes or publishers. The estimated number of such enterprises in Germany and Austria combined is 40, while in Silesia alone there were 20 of them. Among the largest Silesian publishers at the time there were: K. Flemming in Głogów (founded in 1833), G. Brieger in Świdnica (1880) and P. Baron in Legnica (1897). In other parts of Germany there were many more: C.C. Meinhold and A. Kohler in Dresden, R. Mittelbach in Leipzig, J. Straube, A. Goldschmidt, M. Pasch, A. Kiessling and Grieben in Berlin. Most of them published also maps of Karkonosze and the region. Many maps were published as appendices to tourist guides. All of them are a valuable source of information about the development of tourism in the area.
Źródło:
Polski Przegląd Kartograficzny; 2005, T. 37, nr 2, 2; 101-111
0324-8321
Pojawia się w:
Polski Przegląd Kartograficzny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ewolucja głównych kierunków działania PIG w latach 1919-2019
Evolution of the main directions of the PGI activity during 1919-2019
Autorzy:
Wołkowicz, Stanisław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2075963.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Państwowy Instytut Geologiczny – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
Tematy:
Państwowy Instytut Geologiczny
badania geologiczne
kartografia geologiczna
surowce mineralne
gromadzenie danych geologicznych
udostępnianie danych geologicznych
Polish Geological Institute
geological research
geological cartography
mineral raw materials
gathering of geological data
sharing of geological data
Opis:
Over the course of 100 years the main goals set for the Polish Geological Institute were subject to important changes depending on knowledge of the geological structure of the country, current demand for mineral raw materials and the economic system of the state. The first period comprised the years 1919-1952. It was characterized by the increased emphasis on geological cartography as well as basic research and regional studies. Its main effects included compilation of a geological map of Poland at the scale of1:300,000 and discoveries of new mineral deposits (hematite-pyrite deposit at Rudki, phosphorites at Rachów, bituminous coal in the Lviv-Volhyn coal basin, present-day Ukraine, and the Izbica-Klodawa salt dome. The second period comprising the years 1953-1989 was a time of an immense geological work. During that period priority was given to prospecting and exploration of mineral resources at any price. This resulted in an impressive discovery of mineral deposits, such as: native sulfur, copper and silver, sedimentary and igneous iron ores, bituminous coal, lignite, oil and gas fields, as well as potassium salt, barite, fluorite, magnesite and Cu-W-Mo ores. An effect of political changes in 1989 was a change of concept regarding prospecting and exploration of mineral resources. The state resigned from development and documentation of resources, leaving this task to private companies and investors. This launched a new third period that has continued to this day. During this time, data collection and processing, and their availability to a broad range of recipients have had a fundamental role. This is consistent with the concept of building an information society. Major new lines of activity of the Polish Geological Institute include protection of the environment, especially a soil-water environment that is the traditional domain of geologists, monitoring of groundwater, soil and bottom sediments as well as solid waste management. Geological education and protection of the geological and mining heritage have also assumed a vital importance.
Źródło:
Przegląd Geologiczny; 2019, 67; 139--145
0033-2151
Pojawia się w:
Przegląd Geologiczny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Geological cartography in Poland in the 19th century
Autorzy:
Wołkowicz, S.
Wołkowicz, K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2060062.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Państwowy Instytut Geologiczny – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
Tematy:
Polska
historical maps
geological cartography
Opis:
The history of modern geological mapping in Poland began with the Carta Geologica totius Poloniae, Moldaviae, Transylvaniae, Hungariae et Valachiae by S. Staszic, often called the “father of Polish geology”. Before Staszic, a general map of Poland had been published by J.-E. Guettard (1764a); ones of the Sudety Mts. by J. Jirasek (1791), L. von Buch (1797), and Raumer (1813); and that of the Tatra Mts. by Hacquet (1796). In times of the partition of Poland (1772 to 1918), areas annexed by Prussia were covered by systematic geological surveys. These cartographic projects resulted in the compilation of two geological atlases comprising maps of the standard sheet type, in the period from 1826 to 1836. These atlases were compiled by teams of outstanding geologists, under the leadership of L. von Buch and F. Hoffmann. Another outstanding contribution to the geology of Poland was made by G.G. Pusch, the author of the excellent Geognostische Beschreibung von Polen (1833–1836), subsequently supplemented by Geognostyscher Atlas von Polen. One of the greatest achievements of L. Zejszner was the geological map of the Tatra Mts., Carte de la chaine du Tatra, published anonymously in Berlin in 1844, and a series of geological maps prepared as drafts of Geognostic maps of the Eastern District of the Polish Kingdom. Special attention should be also paid to two extensive studies which covered areas of Upper and Lower Silesia. The first of these, Geognostische Karte von Oberschlesien und den Angrenzenden Gebieten, was completed by a team led by F. Roemer, and published in 1870. The second, Geologische Karte von dem Niederschlesischen Gebirge und den angrezenden gegenden, was compiled by a team led by R. von Carnall, and published in the same year. Out of all the studies carried out by Austrian geologists, it is necessary to mention those of E. Tietze, as they produced excellent geological maps of the Carpathians and vicinities of Kraków and Lviv. It is also worth mentioning the contributions made by the Physiographic Commission, active from 1866 until the beginning of the First World War. Its members decided to prepare the Geological Atlas of Galicia. The final product of works of this commission was a set of 25 booklets, with over a hundred geological maps at a scale 1:75000, issued in the years 1885–1912. From 1881, the commission was also publishing its famous Physiographic Diaries, which include papers on the geology of areas annexed by Russia, written by famous Polish geologists such as J. Siemiradzki, A. Michalski, and E. Habdank-Dunikowski, illustrated with relevant geological maps prepared by them.
Źródło:
Geological Quarterly; 2014, 58, 3; 623--658
1641-7291
Pojawia się w:
Geological Quarterly
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Rozwój kartografii geologicznej na Górnym Śląsku w świetle wybranych map historycznych - od Leopolda von Bucha do Stanisława Doktorowicza-Hrebnickiego
Development of geological mapping of Upper Silesia in the light of selected historical maps - from Leopold von Buch to Stanisław Doktorowicz-Hrebnicki
Autorzy:
Wołkowicz, S.
Graniczny, M.
Wołkowicz, K.
Urban, H.
Kowalski, Z.
Zdanowski, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/167470.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Inżynierów i Techników Górnictwa
Tematy:
historia
kartografia geologiczna
Górny Śląsk
history of geology
geological cartography
Upper Silesia
Opis:
Pierwszą, bardzo ogólnikową, mapę geologiczną Górnego Śląska opracował von Buch (1797/1802), natomiast Schulze z Eisleben (1816) opracował przekrój geologiczny od Hulczyna do Bytomia i jako pierwszy wprowadza podział stratygraficzny, wyróżniając m.in. Steinkohlengebirge. Staszic (1815) na swojej mapie odnotowuje na tym obszarze obecność charbon de terre. Za pierwszą nowoczesną mapę Górnego Śląska należy uznać mapę Oeynhausena (1822), która zawiera 18 wydzieleń o charakterze litologiczno-stratygraficzym. W dalszej kolejności na uwagę zasługują mapy Puscha (1836) oraz Carnalla (1844). Za największe dokonanie XIX wieku w kartografii geologicznej Górnego Śląska należy uznać 12-arkuszowy atlas opracowany pod kierunkiem Roemera (1870) wraz z dwutomowym tekstem opisującym geologię tego obszaru. Kolejnym opracowaniem tej rangi było dzieło Michaela (1913), również obficie ilustrowane mapami. Z autorów polskich II. połowy XIX w. należy odnotować mapy opracowane przez Hempla (1857), Łempickiego i Gatowskiego (1891), Zaręcznego (1894) i Wójcika (1909). W niepodległej Polsce pierwszą mapę opisywanego obszaru opracował Przesmycki (1923). W okresie międzywojennym znakomitym znawcą geologii Polskiego Zagłębia Węglowego był Saryusz-Makowski, którego rękopiśmienny dorobek został zniszczony w czasie działań wojennych w 1939 r. W latach 20. XX w. rozpoczął swoje prace Doktorowicz-Hrebnicki, który badał obszar Górnego Śląska przez około 50 lat, a jego mapa Arkusz Grodziec (1934) staje się wzorcowym opracowaniem kartograficznym obowiązującym przez wiele lat.
First, very general geological map of Upper Silesia was elaborated by von Buch (1797/1802). On the other hand Schulze from Eisleben (1816) prepared geological cross-section from Hulczyn to Bytom, where he introduced first stratigraphic division, distinguishing among others Steinkohlengebirge. Staszic (1815) noticed on his map the presence of charbon de terre in this area. Oeynhausen map (1822) should be regarded the first modern geological map of the Upper Silesia, as containing 18 lithological-stratigraphical divisions. Further attention should be paid to maps of Pusch (1836) and Carnall (1844). Next important work was greatest achievement of geological cartography of the Upper Silesia in XIX century is the 12-sheet Atlas developed under the direction of Roemer (1870) together with two-volume text, describing the geology of this area. Next important work was done by Michael (1912) which was also profusely illustrated with maps. Among the Polish authors of the second half of XIX century, maps elaborated by Hempel (1857), Łempicki and Gatowski (1891), Zaręczny (1894) and Wójcik (1909) should be noted. In the independent Poland, the first map of this area was compiled by Przesmycki (1923). Between the World Wars, an excellent expert in the Polish Coal Basin was Saryusz-Makowski whose manuscripts, documentations and maps were destroyed during the war in 1939. In the 20´s of XX century, Doktorowicz-Hrebnicki started his researchers. He has studied the area of Upper Silesia for almost 50 years. His map Grodziec (1934) has become the standard of geological cartography art for many years.
Źródło:
Przegląd Górniczy; 2015, 71, 3; 107-118
0033-216X
Pojawia się w:
Przegląd Górniczy
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Osiadanie powierzchni terenu pod wpływem eksploatacji wegla kamiennego na przykładzie rejonu miasta Knurowa
Subsidence of the terrain surface due to hard coal underground exploitation, exemplified by the area of Knurów town
Autorzy:
Wojciechowski, T.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2074523.pdf
Data publikacji:
2007
Wydawca:
Państwowy Instytut Geologiczny – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
Tematy:
system informacji geograficznej
kartografia
odkształcenia górnicze
interferometry
digital elevation model (DEM)
geographic information system (GIS)
cartography
mining deformations
SAR interferometry
Opis:
The strong terrain surface changes in Knurów town, Upper Silesian Coal Basin, are caused by underground exploitation of hard coal. Based on Digital Terrain Models (DEM), constructed from archival and modern topographic maps, the 18 metres of lowering due to subsidence and 25 m of relative uplift have been recorded. The relative uplift was observed at recent mine-waste storages and was identified as the effect of waste dumping. The map of surface changes was compared with geological maps and maps of underground mining to explain the spatial distribution of subsidence. The presented analysis shows the effectiveness of the applied GIS approach to evaluate the anthropogenic impact on the terrain surface. SAR interferometry plays a very important role as an independent tool, which allows to effectively map the recent ground movements.
Źródło:
Przegląd Geologiczny; 2007, 55, 7; 589-594
0033-2151
Pojawia się w:
Przegląd Geologiczny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Stacja referencyjna w Hornsundzie (Spitsbergen) : wybór lokalizacji, perspektywy rozbudowy i wykorzystanie
A reference station in Hornsund (Spitsbergen) : determination of its location, future development, and usage
Autorzy:
Węzka, K.
Paśnikowski, M.
Walo, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/210815.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Wojskowa Akademia Techniczna im. Jarosława Dąbrowskiego
Tematy:
geodezja i kartografia
geodezja satelitarna
stacja referencyjna
IGS
wielodrożność sygnału
pomiary GNSS na dużych szerokościach geograficznych
geodesy and cartography
satellite geodesy
reference station
multipath effect
SNR
GNSS measurements at high latitudes
Opis:
Głównym celem projektu realizowanego podczas wyprawy na Spitsbergen w 2008 roku była analiza funkcjonowania stacji referencyjnej w Hornsundzie, w celu wyboru jej odpowiedniej lokalizacji. W 2005 roku podczas wyprawy studentów i pracowników Wydziału Geodezji i Kartografii na Spitsbergen w fiordzie Hornsund została uruchomiona stacja referencyjna. Analiza obserwacji zgromadzonych na stacji w pierwszym okresie jej pracy wykazała znaczny efekt wielodrożności sygnału. Efekt ten okazał się na tyle duży, że zdecydowano o przeniesieniu anteny w inne miejsce. Jednak z uwagi na trwającą rozbudowę bazy, zmianę lokalizacji anteny zaplanowano dopiero po skończeniu prac remontowo-budowlanych. Podczas wyprawy w 2008 roku wybrano zatem docelową lokalizację spełniającą warunki prawidłowego ustawienia anteny stacji referencyjnej. Wykonano także serię dwunastu dobowych obserwacji testowych, które pozwoliły na wstępne wyznaczenie pozycji stacji oraz analizę jakości sygnałów GNSS. Praca prezentuje analizę porównawczą obserwacji zgromadzonych w starej i nowej lokalizacji anteny oraz zawiera opis otoczenia i jego wpływ na błędy wielodrożności sygnału. Autorzy przedstawiają ponadto przykład wykorzystania stacji referencyjnej w Hornsundzie oraz planowaną koncepcję rozbudowy systemu stacji referencyjnych dookoła Spitsbergenu.
Determination of a new proper location of the reference station based upon the analysis of the existing point was the main aim of the project which was conducted during the expedition to Spitsbergen in 2008. The existing reference station in the Hornsud Fjord was activated during the expedition in 2005 by the students and research workers of the Faculty of Geodesy and Cartography. The analysis of the observation gathered during the first period of the station's activity demonstrated significant multipath effect, which appearance occurred high enough to force the change of the location of the reference station. Because of the modernization of the polar station where the reference point is located, the determination of the new location of the antenna had to start after finishing the building works. Therefore during the expedition in 2008, the final location of the reference station, where conditions comply with the requirements, was chosen. Additionally, a series of twelve 24-hour long measurements were conducted, which allowed to determine the position of the new station and to analyze the quality of the GPS signal. This paper presents the comparative analysis of the observation collected in two locations of the station. It also contains the description of the surrounding environment and its influence on the multipath effect. Furthermore, the authors present the possibilities of usage of the reference station in Hornsud and deliver the concept of developing a system of the reference points around Spitsbergen.
Źródło:
Biuletyn Wojskowej Akademii Technicznej; 2010, 59, 2; 179-195
1234-5865
Pojawia się w:
Biuletyn Wojskowej Akademii Technicznej
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
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