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Tytuł:
„Nie myślę, lecz jestem”: mózg, umysł i serce filmowej postaci zombie w kontekście paradygmatu posthumanistycznego
“I do not think, but then I am”: the brain, mind and the heart of the film zombie character in the context of post humanist paradigm
Autorzy:
Nowakowski, Jacek
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1041327.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
Zombie horror
livig dead
new materialism
brain
post-anthropocentrism
post humanist paradigm
Opis:
The article presents the character of the zombie popular in the contemporary audio-visual culture by placing it in the context of post humanist paradigm. He concentrates on the brain symbolism representative for the character, which, in the classical understanding of the living dead, due to dissimilar functioning, makes it different from humans and their brain-like traits: the mind and heart. Analysing the recent films such as Warm Bodies and The Girl with All the Gifts, he demonstrates the present inadequacy of such a division. Unlike the classical Night of the Living Dead, they are in line with post anthropocentric and new materialism philosophy, by differently symbolically depicting the role and place of the human in the world. It is presently tantamount to the place of non-humans: animals, objects, artefacts and monsters including the living dead. The change of the cultural and film paradigm observed in zombie horrors indicates a deeper strategy of authors of those popular films.
Źródło:
Poznańskie Studia Polonistyczne. Seria Literacka; 2018, 34; 145-161
1233-8680
2450-4947
Pojawia się w:
Poznańskie Studia Polonistyczne. Seria Literacka
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
„Nie popadajmy w przesadę z tą równością” – płeć mózgu, heteronorma i mistyka naukowości
Autorzy:
Janion, Ludmiła
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/645378.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Slawistyki PAN
Tematy:
brain sex
gender
science
homosexuality
reductionism
Opis:
„Let’s not be too eager about equality” – brain sex, heteronormativity, and the scientific mystiqueThe article analyses the role of brain sex in Polish public discourse of the last years. The authors of a popular book Brain Sex claim that differences between women and men stem from differences in the brain structure, and because of that they are universal and unchangeable; feminism is based on misrepresentation of science. This thesis was overtaken by right-wing journalists, as it gave scientific justification to conservative gender politics and contemplementarity – the gender ontology of the Catholic church. However, in the rightwing journalism a significant aspect of brain sex theory is silenced, namely, the claim that homo- and transsexuality result from disorders in brain development; they are unchangeable and should be accepted. Despite its conservative roots, brain sex was popularized in liberal media as well. The aura of science that accompanied this popular theory allowed to naturalize its anti-feminism and heteronormativity. This phenomenon is discussed on the basis of media activity of two Polish scientists who are popular both in right-wing and liberal media: Anna Grabowska and Jerzy Vetulani. Both present brain sex theory as objective, universally accepted truth, which is attacked in the name of the leftist ideology by ignorant activists who deny science. „Nie popadajmy w przesadę z tą równością” – płeć mózgu, heteronorma i mistyka naukowościArtykuł analizuje rolę płci mózgu w polskim dyskursie publicznym ostatnich lat. Autorzy niezwykle popularnej w Polsce książki Płeć mózgu twierdzą, że różnice między kobietami i mężczyznami wynikają z różnic w budowie mózgów, a przez to są uniwersalne i niezmienne, feminizm zaś jest oparty na fałszowaniu nauki. Teza ta została podchwycona przez prawicowych publicystów, ponieważ nadawała naukową legitymację konserwatywnej polityce płci oraz komplementaryzmowi – ontologii płci przyjętej przez Kościół katolicki. W prawicowym piśmiennictwie przemilcza się jednak istotny aspekt płci mózgu, mianowicie twierdzenie, że homo- i transseksualność wynikają z wad w rozwoju mózgu, są niezmienne i powinny być akceptowane. Mimo swoich konserwatywnych korzeni płeć mózgu była popularyzowana także w mediach liberalnych. Nimb naukowości, którym otaczany był popularny pogląd, pozwalał naturalizować związane z nim antyfeminizm i heteronormatywność. Zjawisko to omówione jest na podstawie działalności popularyzatorskiej dwojga naukowców, cieszących się popularnością zarówno w prawicowych, jak i liberalnych mediach: Anny Grabowskiej i Jerzego Vetulaniego. Oboje przedstawiali płeć mózgu jako obiektywną, powszechnie uznawaną naukową prawdę, z którą w imię lewicowej ideologii próbują walczyć nieakceptujący ustaleń nauki aktywiści.
Źródło:
Adeptus; 2018, 11
2300-0783
Pojawia się w:
Adeptus
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
‘The Social Brain’: The Human Brain Communicating Through Social Experience
Autorzy:
Berenson, Alonit
Keidar, Daniella
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/644710.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
social brain
emotional intelligence
social intelligence
public sphere
media messages
communication
group relations
evolutionary brain
altruism
ethical values
Opis:
This article suggests an overview of the social brain, evaluation of local and global groups and the relationship between the individual, the brain and society. Emphasis is put on individual and collective identity and on the shaping of public opinion through the media and on examining future developments that will mold social trends and most importantly, whether it is possible to promote the evolution of a better society that is built on cooperation, reciprocity, altruism, understanding, attention, sensitivity, values and a high level of ethical functioning. The development of thinking, planning and new revelations have increased the need for engagement and connection with others. The human brain has developed self-interest thinking. Utilitarian calculations have become a part of humanity's engagements. Group relationships are essential for survival, care, concern and security. The product of the dichotomous existence of man and society: egoism versus cooperation and altruism. In order to survive as an individual in the group and as a group, the social brain developed and shaped thinking procedures of framing and instincts in patterns of feelings and emotions. The influencing messages of environmental sources which exist in the public sphere impact by pass the human brain through "mirror" nerves, stereotype thinking and collective and evolutionary memory, fulfilling basic motivation needs, creating belonging, love and appreciation. For instance, the media that uses these groups shared involvement feelings and collective identity to shape by means of "framing" the public opinion and way of thinking, and by that shape the perception of the reality.
Źródło:
Kultura-Społeczeństwo-Edukacja; 2016, 9, 1; 147-166
2300-0422
Pojawia się w:
Kultura-Społeczeństwo-Edukacja
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
[tłum.] David Chalmers, Matriks jako metafizyka
[transl.] David Chalmers, The Matrix as Metaphysics
Autorzy:
Chalmers, David
Jarocki, Jacek
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/488170.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II. Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL
Tematy:
matriks
metafizyka
sceptycyzm
mózg w kadzi
matrix
metaphysics
skepticism
brain in a vat
Źródło:
Roczniki Filozoficzne; 2015, 63, 4; 187-229
0035-7685
Pojawia się w:
Roczniki Filozoficzne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A benign entity – cerebral multinodular and vacuolating neuronal tumor
Autorzy:
Kış, Naciye
Erok, Berrin
Kılıç, Harun
Önder, Hakan
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2053962.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-03-30
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Rzeszowski. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego
Tematy:
do not touch brain tumors
magnetic resonance imaging
multinodular and vacuolating neuronal tumor
Opis:
Introduction and aim. Multinodular and vacuolating neuronal tumor (MVNT) of the cerebrum is a rare benign, mixed glial/ neuronal lesion which has been included in the recent (2016) World Health Organization (WHO) Classification of the central nervous system tumors.Most of the reported cases are remarkable with adult onset seizure in the literature.They can also be found incidentally in nonepilepsy patients with or without headache We aimed to present this unique entity with its typical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features. Description of the case. A 21-year old man presented with complaint of headache that increased in frequency within the last few months.No relevant seizure or any other signs of note.He was diagnosed with MVNT by imaging andstarted to be followed-up.The repeat MRI 6 months later showed no interval changes. Conclusion. Clinicians should be aware of that it is a do not touch lesion in asymptomatic patients with no need for biopsy or surgery and follow up imaging is sufficient when presented with the typical MRI manifestations. Surgical resection may be required for seizure control and was reported in few cases with no tumoral regrowth in the literature.
Źródło:
European Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine; 2022, 1; 126-128
2544-2406
2544-1361
Pojawia się w:
European Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A geographic approach to measuring and organising affordable medical and therapeutic tourism for people with dementia
Autorzy:
Semenova, Zoya A.
Chistobaev, Anatoliy I.
Dildina, Valeriya P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1050968.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-12-21
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
population
demography
brain diseases
tourism infrastructure
macroregions of the world
Russia
Opis:
The article covers the geographical features of the organisation of medical tourism for a group of the world’s population suffering from a brain disease – dementia. The main attention is paid to the development of this type of tourism in Russia in comparison with some other countries. The question is raised about the involvement of these people in tourism activities, which could help to improve their health status and improve the living environment of societies. The main problems faced by tourists with the disease dementia are considered. The authors advocate that freedom of movement is the inalienable right of every person. Therefore, the creation of conditions for comfortable travel of people even with mental defects becomes a necessary measure to ensure the sustainable development of accessible tourism infrastructure. The recommendations are given, the implementation of which will allow organising an efficiently working tourist and recreational system that satisfies the needs of these peculiar recreational tourists, as well as the interests of all society representatives.
Źródło:
Quaestiones Geographicae; 2020, 39, 4; 65-71
0137-477X
2081-6383
Pojawia się w:
Quaestiones Geographicae
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A long clinical course with late distant metastases from follicular thyroid carcinoma
Autorzy:
Erok, Berrin
Harmancı, Kemal
Aksaray, Ferdi
Unlu, Nazmi Uğur
Aydın, Seckin
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2040497.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-12-30
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Rzeszowski. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego
Tematy:
follicular thyroid carcinoma
brain metastasis
skull metastasis
Opis:
Introduction. Follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC) accounts for 10-20% of the differentiated thyroid carcinomas (DTCs), and it is the second most common thyroid malignancy after papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). FTC is typically more common in women and in older age group than PTC. Unlike PTC, FTC metastases late to the lymph nodes, with only up to 10-20% of the patients having nodal metastases at the time of diagnosis.On the other hand, distant metastasis via hematogenous spread is more likely in patients with FTC due to the invasion of blood vessels. Prognosis depends on the extent of the distant metastasis which drop 10-year survival significantly. Aim. Although DTCs have usually favorable prognosis, metastatic disease in these patients has a long clinical course. Cranial imaging in these patients should be performed during the follow-up after the treatment of FTC with thyroidectomy and RAI. Description of the case. We report a case of late onset but catastrophic hematogenous distant metastases beginning 8 years after the diagnosis & treatment of FTC and becommimg widespread during the following 10 years with a long clinical course in a 60 year old female patient. Conclusion. In the RAI refractory metastatic lesions SRS and surgical resections should be conserned as the first management approach to improve survival.
Źródło:
European Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine; 2021, 4; 347-351
2544-2406
2544-1361
Pojawia się w:
European Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A new reconstruction of multituberculate endocranial casts and encephalization quotient of Kryptobaatar
Autorzy:
Kielan-Jaworowska, Z
Lancaster, T.E.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/21906.pdf
Data publikacji:
2004
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Paleobiologii PAN
Tematy:
brain structure
multituberculata
Late Cretaceous
Mongolia
body mass
Kryptobaatar
new reconstruction
endocast
encephalization quotient
Multituberculata
paleontology
Opis:
Multituberculate and eutriconodontan endocasts differ from those of primitive therian mammals in their lack of visible midbrain exposure on the dorsal side and in having a vermis−like triangular bulge (recognized herein as the cast of a large sinus—the superior cistern) inserted between the cerebral hemispheres. As the shape and proportions of multituberculate, eutriconodontan, and Cretaceous eutherian endocasts are otherwise similar, one might speculate that the multituberculate and eutriconodontan brains did not differ essentially from those of primitive eutherian and marsupial mammals, in which the midbrain is exposed dorsally. This conclusion might have important phylogenetic implications, as multituberculates and eutriconodontans may lay closer to the therians sensu strico, than hitherto believed. We describe an endocast of the Late Cretaceous multituberculate Kryptobaatar, which differs from those of other multituberculates (Ptilodus, Chulsanbaatar, and Nemegtbaatar) in having unusually long olfactory bulbs and the paraflocculi elongated transversely, rather than ball−shaped. We estimate the encephalization quotient (EQ) of Kryptobaatar, using: 1) Jerison’s classical equation (1) based on estimation of endocranial volume and body mass; 2) McDermott et al.’s derived body mass estimation equation (2) using upper molar lengths; and 3) estimation of body mass based on new equations (3a, 3b, 3c, and 3d₁₋₉), which we propose, using measurements of the humerus, radius, ulna, femur and tibia. In both Jerison’s method and a mean of our series of derived formulae, the EQ varies around 0.71, which is higher than estimated for other multituberculate mammals. It remains an open question whether the evolutionary success of Kryptobaatar(which was a dominant mammal during the ?early Campanian on the Gobi Desert and survived until the ?late Campanian) might have been related to its relatively high EQ and well developed sensorimotor adaptations, in particular olfaction and coordinated movements.
Źródło:
Acta Palaeontologica Polonica; 2004, 49, 2
0567-7920
Pojawia się w:
Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A Scientific Inquiry: Galen’s Optics in Dreams of Vision, Light & Pre-Natal Memory
Autorzy:
Gardiner, Judy B.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/545523.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Gdański. Wydział Filologiczny
Tematy:
Dreaming
Amygdala
Brain
Light
Cognitive/Sensory Processing
Consciousness
Claudius Galen
HPA Axis
Intuition-Instinct-Insight
Memory
Neuroanatomy
Optic Disc
Optogenetics
Optic Nerve
Soul
Synapse
Third Ventricle
Universal Mind
Visual Cortex
Opis:
The following inquiry is derived from a 1994 experiential study in dreaming consciousness in which a series of thirty-eight interlocking dreams revealed Claudius Galen’s (c130-201) pneumatic doctrine of vision. The research centers on the relationship of light in the brain to vision and memory. The objective is to contribute to the understanding of consciousness by elucidating learning-related patterns of neural activity guided by associative recognition in dream-wake states. Scientific breakthroughs introducing photons of light to control brain activity strengthened the findings. Premises stemming from neuroscientific and spiritual insights: *Activation of light in the optic disc may open the visual field to access pre-natal memory. *A unified sixth sense merging Intuition-Insight-Instinct may have its locus in the infundibular recess of the third ventricle. *Memory matrix in the amygdala relays information to the sixth sense thereby serving all sense organs.
Źródło:
Jednak Książki. Gdańskie Czasopismo Humanistyczne; 2015, 4; 191-212
2353-4699
Pojawia się w:
Jednak Książki. Gdańskie Czasopismo Humanistyczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A tribe called Europe? An “emotional” perception of reality
Autorzy:
Agnieszka, Rothert,
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/895155.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-05-30
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
Tematy:
emotions
brain
behavior
co-evolution
cooperation
Europe
politics
Opis:
A main goal of this essay is the analysis of the contemporary phase of evolution of European “organism” by using approaches from political science and neuroscience. The transdisciplinary perspective allows for better understanding of finer points of human behavior which can be lost only in political science analysis. My simple and obvious assumption is that politics is about people. Human beings create groups, communities, etc. If it is so, maybe we should start with looking more closely into mechanisms of the most important part of ourselves. The brain. It is responsible for all human behaviour. Another crucial point is the connection between humans and environment. The concept of co-evolution is fundamental and very useful when we want to show intertwining relations between interiority (brain, body) and externality (behaviour, social and political structures). Europe may be the very context for this analysis, but it is most of all our humanity.
Źródło:
Przegląd Europejski; 2017, 4 (46); 118-131
1641-2478
Pojawia się w:
Przegląd Europejski
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Acute ischemic stroke within the area of MCA from ICA thrombosis complicating moderate COVID-19 infection
Autorzy:
Kurys-Denis, E.
Prystupa, A.
Sak, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2098230.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Instytut Medycyny Wsi
Tematy:
ischaemic stroke
acute ischaemia
COVID-19
middle cerebral artery
brain
thrombosis
computer tomography
angiography
Opis:
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus type 2 (SARS-Cov-2), injures multiple organs including the central and peripheral nervous system. We report the case of a 68-year-old patient diagnosed with COVID-19 infection in its moderate form who, 1 week after the onset of respiratory symptoms, developed a large acute ischemic stroke (AIS) in the area of the left middle cerebral artery (LMCA). The case shows that large artery stroke can occur even in moderate forms of COVID-19, and stresses the need for correct coagulation management. The source of cerebral stroke should also be sought by cervical computed tomography angiography (CTA) from the level of the aortic arch, and not only covering the cerebral vessels as thrombo-embolic events may appear already in large cervical vessels, even in mild forms of the disease.
Źródło:
Journal of Pre-Clinical and Clinical Research; 2021, 15, 1; 30-33
1898-2395
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Pre-Clinical and Clinical Research
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Afazja jako zaburzenie mowy po urazie mózgu – studium przypadku
Speech disorder after brain damages in aphasia – case study
Autorzy:
Lewicka, Tatiana
Szmal, Anna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/667620.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012-01-01
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego
Tematy:
brain trauma
senso-motorical aphasia
logopaedic diagnosis
logopaedic therapy objectives
Opis:
Cranial-cerebral traumas are a serious sociomedical issue. Brain damages, caused by experienced injury, often lead to various kinesthetic deficits, as well as to cognitive and language disorders. Due to the damage of a nervous system, there are many deep speech disorders such as aphasia, mainly senso-motorical type. The right evaluation of the appearing deficits, the right definition of therapeutical objectives and implementing of the therapy can give brain trauma patients the chance to regain the possibility to communicate.
Źródło:
Logopedia Silesiana; 2012, Logopedia Silesiana nr 1; 133-139
2300-5246
2391-4297
Pojawia się w:
Logopedia Silesiana
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Age-related alteration of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase activity in different parts of the brain.
Autorzy:
Strosznajder, Joanna
Jęśko, Henryk
Strosznajder, Robert
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1044356.pdf
Data publikacji:
2000
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Biochemiczne
Tematy:
PARP
aging
brain
Opis:
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) is a conserved enzyme involved in the regulation of DNA repair and genome stability. The role of PARP during aging is not well known. In this study PARP activity was investigated in nuclear fractions from hippocampus, cerebellum, and cerebral cortex of adult (4 months), old adult (14 months) and aged (24-27 months) rats. Concomitantly, the free radical evoked lipid peroxidation was estimated as thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). The specific activity of PARP in adult brain was about 25, 21 and 16 pmol/mg protein per min in hippocampus, cerebellum and cerebral cortex, respectively. The enzyme activity was higher in all investigated parts of the brain of old adults. In aged animals PARP activity was lower in hippocampus by about 50%, and was unchanged in cerebral cortex and in cerebellum comparing to adult rats. The concentration of TBARS was the same in all parts of the brain and remained unchanged during aging. There is no direct correlation between PARP activity and free radical evoked lipid peroxidation during brain aging. The lowered enzyme activity in aged hippocampus may decrease DNA repair capacity which subsequently may be responsible for the higher vulnerability of hippocampal neurons to different toxic insults.
Źródło:
Acta Biochimica Polonica; 2000, 47, 2; 331-337
0001-527X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Biochimica Polonica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
AGGRESSION IN PROFESSIONAL FEMALE DEFENDER SOCCER PLAYERS
Autorzy:
Tharawadeepimuk, Kittichai
Wongsawat, Yodchanan
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2137769.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018-12-14
Wydawca:
Fundacja Edukacji Medycznej, Promocji Zdrowia, Sztuki i Kultury Ars Medica
Tematy:
Quantitative electroencephalography (QEEG)
brain topographic map (absolute power)
brain connectivity (amplitude asymmetry)
aggression
Beta frequency band
Opis:
The goal of the present study was to investigate the effect of competition on brain activity representing aggression. Quantitative electroencephalograms (QEEGs) of Thai professional female soccer team players were analyzed in terms of aggression. The QEEGs of 17 soccer players were recorded three times: twice before a competition (once per week) and one week after the competition. There was a significant increase in the beta frequency band associated with the Fp1, Fp2, F7, and F8 positions as the competition approached. The changes in brain activity were observed in two patterns: the first was an increase in the intensity level of brain processing (presented in terms of brain topographic maps as absolute power), and the second was the magnitude of the amplitude at each of the EEG channels between the hemispheres (presented in terms of brain connectivity as amplitude asymmetry). Consequently, QEEG values were examined as they related to aggression. In the statistical analysis, paired-sample t tests confirmed that an aggressive phenomenon occurred as the competition approached. In addition, the aggressive phenomenon was found in the brain activity of players with defensive soccer positions.
Źródło:
Acta Neuropsychologica; 2018, 16(4); 375-389
1730-7503
2084-4298
Pojawia się w:
Acta Neuropsychologica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Aktualne poglądy na temat roli witaminy D w patogenezie stwardnienia rozsianego
The current concepts on the role of vitamin D in pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis
Autorzy:
Antczak, Magdalena
Głąbiński, Andrzej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1053418.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Medical Communications
Tematy:
stwardnienie rozsiane
autoimmunizacja
mózg
immunomodulator
Witamina D
multiple sclerosis
autoimmunity
brain
Vitamin D
Opis:
Vitamin D is commonly known for its role in calcium-phosphate metabolism but there is growing amount of data showing its pleiotropic actions. Positive correlation between vitamin D deficiency and the prevalence of autoimmune diseases including multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, etc. has been observed. Vitamin D receptors have been found in spectrum of tissues and organs, including bones, muscles, reproductive organs, heart, brain, and within the immune system. Widely investigated immunomodulatory action of vitamin D affects both innate and adaptive immunity by suppressing T cell proliferation and cytotoxity, promoting regulatory T cells differentiation and modulating macrophage and dendritic cell functions. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system caused by complex and predominantly unknown interactions of genetic susceptibility and environmental factors. Epidemiological studies show that the sun exposure and corresponding vitamin D level are important factors that can explain geographical distribution of MS. Some preliminary observations suggest that vitamin D supplementation not only reduces the risk of developing MS but also modulates disease course and reduces relapses rate among patients with relapsing-remitting MS. Further studies and clinical trials are required to confirm the role of vitamin D in MS pathogenesis.
Witamina D jest powszechnie znana ze swojej roli w gospodarce wapniowo-fosforanowej, ale wzrastająca ilość danych wskazuje na jej działania plejotropowe. Zaobserwowano pozytywną korelację między niedoborem witaminy D a występowaniem chorób autoimmunologicznych, w tym stwardnienia rozsianego, reumatoidalnego zapalenia stawów, tocznia rumieniowatego układowego itp. Receptory witaminy D są obecne w szeregu tkanek i narządów, w tym w kościach, mięśniach, narządach rozrodczych, sercu, mózgu oraz w obrębie układu odpornościowego. Coraz lepiej poznawane działanie immunomodulujące witaminy D obejmuje wpływ zarówno na mechanizmy odporności wrodzonej, jak i adaptacyjnej, poprzez hamowanie proliferacji i cytotoksyczności limfocytów T, promowanie różnicowania limfocytów T regulatorowych oraz modulowanie działania makrofagów i komórek dendrytycznych. Stwardnienie rozsiane (łac. sclerosis multiplex, SM) jest chorobą autoimmunologiczną ośrodkowego układu nerwowego spowodowaną przez skomplikowane i w dużej mierze nieznane interakcje między predyspozycjami genetycznymi i czynnikami środowiskowymi. Badania epidemiologiczne wskazują, że ekspozycja na promieniowanie słoneczne i związany z nią poziom witaminy D są ważnymi czynnikami mogącymi wyjaśniać zróżnicowanie geograficzne częstości zachorowań na SM. Wyniki niektórych wstępnych obserwacji sugerują, że suplementacja witaminy D może zmniejszać ryzyko zachorowania na SM oraz modulować przebieg choroby i zmniejszać częstość jej nawrotów u pacjentów z rzutowo-remisyjną postacią SM. Wyniki te skłoniły do podjęcia prób włączenia witaminy D jako składnika wspomagającego terapię SM. Obserwacje te wymagają dalszego potwierdzenia i badań klinicznych.
Źródło:
Aktualności Neurologiczne; 2013, 13, 1; 24-30
1641-9227
2451-0696
Pojawia się w:
Aktualności Neurologiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 438

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