Skocz do pozycji: 1.

Tytuł:

Solution to Reduce Air Environmental Pollution from Ships

Autorzy:

Pham, H.T.
Nguyen, T.M.

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/116944.pdf

Data publikacji:

2015

Wydawca:

Uniwersytet Morski w Gdyni. Wydział Nawigacyjny

Tematy:

Pollution at Sea
Environment Protection
Ecology, MARPOL
Air Environmental Pollution
Gas Emissions
Exhaust Gas Emissions
Exhaust Gas

Opis:

Exhaust gas emissions from ships are increasingly polluting the air environment seriously. Therefore, the MARPOL 73/78 Annex VI is applied for all ships from 2017, Annex VI provided that the concentrations of NOx,SOx CO contained in ship’s exhaust gases must be less than 6.4 g/kWh, 0.6 g/kWh, and 5.5g/kWh respectively. Today, there are many solutions to reduce pollution emissions from exhaust gas of ships, such as improving combustion, using oil emulsion, using biofuel,…However, these solutions also have a handful of disadventages such as being unable to thoroughly resoulve problems, high cost, and very difficult to improve the quality of ship exhaust gas emissions for old ships. Exhaust gas treatment method uses a centralized treatment system where exhaust gas from the thermal engines is taken in a centralized treatment system before discharging into the air. After centralized treatment system, in comparision with raw exhaust gas, soot can be reduced by 98%, NOx can be reduced by 75%, SOx can be reduced by 80%. This method of treatment is not only low cost, good quality but also make marine heat-engines still use traditional fuels as well as need not improve its structure.

Źródło:

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation; 2015, 9, 2; 257-261
2083-6473
2083-6481

Pojawia się w:

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 2.

Tytuł:

Emission inventory of ships calling at the port of Dubrovnik

Autorzy:

Zekić, A.
Ivče, R.
Radonja, R.

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2172493.pdf

Data publikacji:

2022

Wydawca:

Uniwersytet Morski w Gdyni. Wydział Nawigacyjny

Tematy:

green shipping
CO2 emission
air pollutant emission
air environmental pollution
Croatian ports
maritime cruise market
port of Dubrovnik
emission inventory

Opis:

Cruising tourism is becoming increasingly popular, the number of cruises having seen a continuous increase since the 1970s. In Croatia as well there is an upward trend in the number of cruise passengers and ports. Of all Croatian ports, it is the port of Dubrovnik that has had the most calls by foreign cruisers. The paper analyses the available statistical data on the maritime cruise market in Europe with special reference to the Mediterranean countries. In the national context, a presentation of cruise traffic in the port of Dubrovnik is given. Although this type of tourism contributes to the development and improvement of the economy, it also has a negative impact on the environment through air pollution by CO2 emissions, subsequently affecting human health as well. The authors investigate the level of CO2 emissions in the area of the port of Dubrovnik. CO2 emissions were calculated based on cruiser activity, the calculations being based on CO2 emissions for three ship navigation modes - slow steaming on arrival and departure, manoeuvring on arrival and departure, and for a berthed ship. The aim of the research was to provide a better insight in the emission inventories in this area. This research can also be applied to other port areas.

Źródło:

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation; 2022, 16, 2; 219--223
2083-6473
2083-6481

Pojawia się w:

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 3.

Tytuł:

Technical requirements and methods of testing retrofit LPG systems for motor vehicles, in accordance with the UN / ECE 115 Regulation

Autorzy:

Majerczyk, A.

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/245493.pdf

Data publikacji:

2011

Wydawca:

Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych

Tematy:

air pollution
environmental protection
LPG

Opis:

The UN / ECE 115 Regulation concerns technical requirements and methods of measurements for retrofit LPG systems to be installed in the motor vehicles already in operation In Poland, the 115 Regulation was adopted in 2004 but has not been observed. Regulation 115 is used in other countries, which created the need for tests. ITS has been conducted tests according to R115 since 2006. The technical requirements imposed by 115 Regulation include emission test, OBD testing, testing of maximum power at the wheels and testing the methods of the system elements installation in the vehicle. The article presents the requirements of the Regulation and the conclusions of the tests conducted at ITS on over 100 vehicles equipped with LPG systems. The paper presents: vehicle equipped with LPG systems tested at ITS as part of the statutory ITS work, time of switching over from running on petrol to LPG fuel during the driving test following a cold engine start, onset of the emission during the EUDC test following a cold start in respect to the value of the total emission in the emission test in accordance with the Regulation 83.05 during the first 780 seconds of the driving test, registered signals controlling the operation of the petrol and LPG injectors operation in the engine of a spark ignition and direct petrol injection, operating in the gas mode with a periodical switch over of the supply type, an example of determining power criterion for the family of vehicles.

Źródło:

Journal of KONES; 2011, 18, 3; 227-235
1231-4005
2354-0133

Pojawia się w:

Journal of KONES

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 4.

Tytuł:

Marine gas engine marine gas engines application speaking of 6th Marpol Annex

Autorzy:

Wandor, J.
Kończewicz, W.
Wojtaszak, M.
Kamieniecki, M.

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/241887.pdf

Data publikacji:

2013

Wydawca:

Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych

Tematy:

combustion engines
air pollution
environmental protection

Opis:

The International Maritime Organization set up a global strategy for reducing emission of sulphur from marine fuels, from 4.5% to 0.5% by the end of the year 2020. In order to such strategy, ship-owners need to fulfil increasing demands according to reduce pollution. New regulations, force ship-owners to reduce production of pollution, but as the devices create to remove some part of pollution are very expensive in use, began to search for cheaper and more effective solutions. The main aim of this article is to present superiority of using gas fuel over liquid fuel on ships. The construction of marine engines, run by a gas fuel is in the scope of interest of scientist’s research during the last couple of years. This branch of technology develops very dynamic recently, according to savings that can be reach while using gas engines on ships. Apart of cost reduction, new types of marine engines are able to cope with more and more restrictive regulations that are published in international convention MARPOL. Such restriction became the reason for the biggest, international corporations, specialists in engines production, to carry on long-term researches on new ways to power ship engines. One of the world’s greatest engine producer is British Rolls-Royce that became pioneer and built the first gas engine. New power unit, Bergen B-gas B35:40V is the one of the most modern type of such engine in the world. The solid construction of this engine was based on engine B32. It became very efficiently because of many rationalizations in maintenance and exploitation. Two main priorities, while developing conception for this model, were minimization of fuel consumption and operating simplification. The authors of these article present advantages of using marine engines powered by gas, according to the international MARPOL regulations that became very restrictive in order to protect marine environment. As the examples were used products of Rolls-Royce Company.

Źródło:

Journal of KONES; 2013, 20, 4; 479-484
1231-4005
2354-0133

Pojawia się w:

Journal of KONES

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 5.

Tytuł:

Environmental pollution caused by a direct injection engine

Autorzy:

Jankowski, A.
Kowalski, M.

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/243382.pdf

Data publikacji:

2015

Wydawca:

Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych

Tematy:

combustion engines
air pollution
environmental protection

Opis:

In the paper, the authors made an analysis of mechanisms of the toxic components formation of exhaust gases in the direct injection engines. The genesis as well as the typical engine construction solution with the use of direct injection in diesel engines and these with positive ignition was developed. The typical construction solution of the Common Rail (CR) system, which is one of many elements increasing the purity of exhaust gases, was also presented. The basic advantages of direct injection, especially in case of the positive ignition engine, were also briefly described. Then, the mechanism for the formation of toxic components of exhaust gases in the direct injection diesel engines was presented. Moreover, the definition and dependency on the indicated mean effective pressure were shown, and the closed indicator graph, which is indispensable to calculate values of this pressure, was also (graphically) presented. In this paper, the mechanisms and processes, with the use of which it is possible to reduce the emission of toxic components of exhaust gases, were quoted. The exhaust gas recirculation with the EGR valve, which allows supplying the exact amount of gases to the engine inlet system, is such an example. The advantages of using this type of solutions were described, and a typical construction solution was presented in the diagram. The paper was completed with a conclusion, which emphasised the importance of direct injection on reducing the emission of toxic components of exhaust gases.

Źródło:

Journal of KONES; 2015, 22, 4; 133-138
1231-4005
2354-0133

Pojawia się w:

Journal of KONES

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 6.

Tytuł:

An attempt to reduce the emission of spark-ignition engine with mixtures of bioethanol and gasoline as substitute fuels

Autorzy:

Gis, Wojciech
Gis, Maciej
Wiśniowski, Piotr
Bednarski, Mateusz

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/247883.pdf

Data publikacji:

2019

Wydawca:

Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych

Tematy:

simulation
combustion engines
air pollution
environmental protection

Opis:

Limiting emissions of harmful substances is a key task for vehicle manufacturers. Excessive emissions have a negative impact not only on the environment, but also on human life. A significant problem is the emission of nitrogen oxides as well as solid particles, in particular those up to a diameter of 2.5 microns. Carbon dioxide emissions are also a problem. Therefore, work is underway on the use of alternative fuels to power the vehicle engines. The importance of alternative fuels applies to spark ignition engines. The authors of the article have done simulation tests of the Renault K4M 1.6 16v traction engine for emissions for fuels with a volumetric concentration of bioethanol from 10 to 85 percent. The analysis was carried out for mixtures as substitute fuels – without doing any structural changes in the engine's crankshafts. Emission of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrocarbons, oxygen at full throttle for selected rotational speeds as well as selected engine performance parameters such as maximum power, torque, hourly and unit fuel consumption were determined. On the basis of the simulation tests performed, the reasonableness of using the tested alternative fuels was determined on the example of the drive unit without affecting its constructions, in terms of e.g. issue. Maximum power, torque, and fuel consumption have also been examined and compared. Thus, the impact of alternative fuels will be determined not only in terms of emissions, but also in terms of impact on the parameters of the power unit.

Źródło:

Journal of KONES; 2019, 26, 3; 31-38
1231-4005
2354-0133

Pojawia się w:

Journal of KONES

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 7.

Tytuł:

Application of Artificial Neural Networks for Prediction of Air Pollution Levels in Environmental Monitoring

Autorzy:

Pawul, M.
Śliwka, M.

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/124279.pdf

Data publikacji:

2016

Wydawca:

Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej

Tematy:

environmental monitoring
air pollution
artificial neural networks
prediction

Opis:

Recently, a lot of attention was paid to the improvement of methods which are used to air quality forecasting. Artificial neural networks can be applied to model these problems. Their advantage is that they can solve the problem in the conditions of incomplete information, without the knowledge of the analytical relationship between the input and output data. In this paper we applied artificial neural networks to predict the PM 10 concentrations as factors determining the occurrence of smog phenomena. To create these networks we used meteorological data and concentrations of PM 10. The data were recorded in 2014 and 2015 at three measuring stations operating in Krakow under the State Environmental Monitoring. The best results were obtained by three-layer perceptron with back-propagation algorithm. The neural networks received a good fit in all cases.

Źródło:

Journal of Ecological Engineering; 2016, 17, 4; 190-196
2299-8993

Pojawia się w:

Journal of Ecological Engineering

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 8.

Tytuł:

Dynamic properties of aluminium alloys used in automotive industry

Autorzy:

Moćko, W.
Kowalewski, Z. L.

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/246638.pdf

Data publikacji:

2012

Wydawca:

Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych

Tematy:

road transport
simulation
combustion engines
air pollution
environmental protection

Opis:

Around 20 percent of CO2 emitted as a result of human activity on Earth comes from transportation. One of the ideas, which lead to diminishing of the greenhouse gases emission, is reducing of fuel consumption. It may be achieved by introducing a new powertrain solutions as well as lowering overall vehicle weight. The reduction of vehicle weight may be obtained by both a new design of part and structures and application of a new materials i.e. aluminium alloys. It has to be emphasised that weight reduction is very important for combustion engine driven vehicles and electric driven vehicles as well. Mass lowering is especially desirable in the case of electric vehicles because they typically have a very narrow operational range usually lower than 200 km. Therefore even small weight reduction decreases energy consumption of EV and as a consequence increases its range, which is a crucial parameter for users. The results presented in this article were focused on high strength aluminium alloys of 6082-T6 and 7075-T6 types. Applying of those materials enables mass lowering of structures up to 50 percent, maintaining original functionality. Moreover, aluminium alloys may be also used in energy absorbing structures. The goal of tests was to obtain data required in FE analysis. In order to simulate dynamic phenomenon i.e. vehicle crash investigation of the stress-strain curves of alloys were carried out at wide range of strain rates using Hopkinson bar.

Źródło:

Journal of KONES; 2012, 19, 2; 345-351
1231-4005
2354-0133

Pojawia się w:

Journal of KONES

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 9.

Tytuł:

Alternative fuels and technologies for compression ignition internal combustion engines

Autorzy:

Bereczky, A.

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/241749.pdf

Data publikacji:

2012

Wydawca:

Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych

Tematy:

alternative fuels
air pollution
environmental protection
dual fuel technology

Opis:

The traditional use of fossil-based fuels is now widely considered unsustainable because of depleting their natural resources. Potential substitutes of fossil fuels are oils of renewable origin such as various vegetable and non-edible oils. The aim of using these oils or their methyl esters (biodiesel) is to establish and maintain a balance between agriculture, economy and environment protection. However, realizing the increasing demand of raw materials currently used can be achieved not only by increasing the production area but also by introducing new materials or technologies. The article presents and evaluates modern raw fuel components that are currently being investigated. Furthermore, the article deals with the dual fuel combustion technology in detail, with which the processed fuels are becoming available for use in Compression Ignition (CI) engines, where conventional blending is difficult or their use exclusively in diesel engines is economically unjustified. In case of dual fuel engine systems, the primary fuel, such as (wet)ethanol, methanol, LPG, H2 etc. is injected into the intake manifold of the engine and the premixed mixture simultaneously produced is ignited by the pilot diesel fuel as secondary fuel injected directly into the engine cylinder. This technology can significantly reduce exhaust emissions and can slightly increase engine efficiency. The achievements in this field and recently obtained results by the author and his research group are also presented. Exhaust emissions, performance and combustion characteristics were measured and analyzed with respect to several operating parameters as follows: premixed ratio (rp), pilot timing and engine load.

Źródło:

Journal of KONES; 2012, 19, 4; 43-51
1231-4005
2354-0133

Pojawia się w:

Journal of KONES

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 10.

Tytuł:

Analysis of measurement errors of cvs method used for tests of pollutant emissions from light-duty vehicles

Autorzy:

Majerczyk, A.
Radzimirski, S.

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/242731.pdf

Data publikacji:

2013

Wydawca:

Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych

Tematy:

transport
road transport
combustion engines
air pollution
environmental protection

Opis:

The test procedure for the pollutant emissions from light-duty vehicles is currently under verification carried out at the international level. For this purpose, GRPE (Groupe des rapporteurs sur la pollution et energie) – the body developing UNECE regulations proposals - has set up a task group WLTP (Worldwide harmonized Light vehicles Test Procedure) which is supposed to prepare a new GTR (Global Technical Regulation) relating to this procedure. The development of light-duty vehicles, leading to the reduction of pollutants emissions, caused the increase of the requirements for their test procedure. A large number of factors associated, inter alia, with the test equipment affects its accuracy, repeatability and reproducibility. In the ongoing analysis attention is paid even to factors, which affect test results in a relatively small way, and which have been overlooked yet. One of the problems to which attention is paid is the impact of pollutant concentration in the dilution air in the CVS (constant volume sampler) system on test results. The CVS principle is accepted as the standard method to determine light-duty vehicle exhaust emissions on chassis dynamometer test cells worldwide. It was introduced in the early 1970s. One of its drawbacks is that it introduces an error resulting from the fact that the contractual DF dilution factor, rather than the actual dilution ratio DR, is used for the correction of concentration measurement results. The article discusses this error for different type of engines used in light-duty vehicles and different pollutants subject to measurements.

Źródło:

Journal of KONES; 2013, 20, 4; 253-259
1231-4005
2354-0133

Pojawia się w:

Journal of KONES

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 11.

Tytuł:

Estimation of the oxide catalyst volume and the cells quantity influence on CO, HC and NOx conversion in the AVL boost computing application

Autorzy:

Kruczyński, S.
Kamela, W.
Duniec, K.

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/242900.pdf

Data publikacji:

2012

Wydawca:

Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych

Tematy:

combustion engines
catalytic reactors
simulation
air pollution
environmental protection

Opis:

The article contains the results of the simulation tests of oxidizing catalytic reactor obtained by use of the AVL Boost simulation application. The chemical reactions and the reactions rates on which computations were based are specified in this paper. The simulations were related to the influence of the catalytic reactor volume and reactor’s cells quantity influence on the carbon oxide, hydrocarbons and nitric oxides conversion levels. The influence on the nitric oxides conversion was presented in this paper as the content of NO and NO2 in NOX. The simulated computations were performed separately for the variable reactor volume ranging from 1 to 2.2 dm3 with a step of 0.4 dm3 and for the variable reactor cells quantity ranging from 200 to 600 cells per square inch with a step of 100 cpsi. As the input data for the simulation computations the actual values of the toxic compounds concentrations in the exhaust gases at the outlet of the Diesel engine were used. The measurements of the toxic compounnds were made at the chosen engine steady state work points and are presented in this paper as a graph of the toxic gases concentrations in the form of the function of the engine torque. The simulation computaitons were performed for the same points and their results are also presented in the form of the function of the engine torque. The Results presented in this paper have shown that the increase in the CO, HC and NOX conversion in the case of the oxide catalyst can be obtained both by increasing the reactor volume and its cells quantity. It also have been observed that the increase in the reactor cells quantity and volume is not proportional as regards the toxic gases conversion increase and lowers in the case of higher values of the simulated reactor parameters.

Źródło:

Journal of KONES; 2012, 19, 4; 347-353
1231-4005
2354-0133

Pojawia się w:

Journal of KONES

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 12.

Tytuł:

In - cylinder OH and CO2* detection in SI engine through UV natural emission spectroscopy

Autorzy:

Merola, S. S.
Tornatore, C.
Marchitto, L.
Valentino, G.

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/242972.pdf

Data publikacji:

2012

Wydawca:

Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych

Tematy:

road transport
simulation
combustion engines
air pollution
environmental protection

Opis:

Processes of the combustion of liquid fuels and solid are more complex than combustion of fuel gases. With reference to liquid fuels occur additionally processes of vaporization of the fuel, and with reference to solid fuels - decomposition of the solid phase with processes of melting and vaporization, pyrolysis, or gasification. This simultaneous and also different influence of different parameters is sometimes a reason of incorrect interpretation of experimental results. The study of the theoretical model of the combustion process concerning of liquid and solid fuels and which then the model takes into account also the gas- phase, because combustion processes take place in this phase, and occurs the interaction of the phase gas- and liquid or the solid one. The theoretical model is presented basing on experimental initial researches realized in a model with reference to liquid fuels and solid ones. Researches realized in the constant volume chamber with measurements of the pressure during the process of the combustion with the use of quick photography and with measurement of the distribution of the velocity in the spray of the fuel and droplet measurements by means the laser Doppler equipment LDV and PDPA. There were obtained a good agreement of findings experimental researches with the theoretical model. Generally, on the combustion velocity of liquid fuels and solid one significant influence has a kind (laminar, temporary and turbulent) and the thickness of the thermal boundary layer.

Źródło:

Journal of KONES; 2012, 19, 4; 429-437
1231-4005
2354-0133

Pojawia się w:

Journal of KONES

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 13.

Tytuł:

Projections of future use of electric cars

Autorzy:

Gis, W.
Waśkiewicz, J.
Gis, M.

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/243699.pdf

Data publikacji:

2015

Wydawca:

Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych

Tematy:

transport
road transport
combustion engines
air pollution
environmental protection

Opis:

In the article, reference was made to the mandatory now research hybrid and electric cars, and to the current state of the fleet of cars in the country and among others in the European Union. Reference was made also to the existing charging infrastructure for electric cars. Presents forecast of development of these last cars in Poland and Germany in the perspective of 2020-2030 year, presenting the achievements of the European project eMAP (electromobility-based scenario Market potential, Assessment and Policy options) in this area. An evaluation of the capability of the future of automotive industrial development of e-mobility. Attention was drawn to the traction battery and fuel cell system in electric vehicles. An analysis of the necessary policy options required for the development of electric cars. Among the recent policy options include an issues: research & development technology (strategic alliances, cooperations and consortia), financial incentives (vehicle tax, fuel tax, CO2 tax, insurance incentives), infrastructure, policy regulation (norms and standards, CO2 regulation) and information & marketing. In the project eMAP, a number of achievements were the participation of the authors of the present article.

Źródło:

Journal of KONES; 2015, 22, 2; 55-62
1231-4005
2354-0133

Pojawia się w:

Journal of KONES

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 14.

Tytuł:

Examination of the effects of water presence in fuel on toxicity indices

Autorzy:

Kolanek, Cz.
Kułażyński, M.
Kempińska, M.

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/244299.pdf

Data publikacji:

2007

Wydawca:

Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych

Tematy:

water
combustion engines
air pollution
fuel
emulsion
environmental protection

Opis:

For many years research has been conducted on using water added to the process of combustion in a compression-ignition engine (by injection to the suction manifold, disintegrated in the manifold by ultrasounds, injection to the cylinder or in the form of emulsion) in order to improve the engine's operating indices and reduce its smoking and toxicity. The study presents the effects of adding water to fuel on selected toxicity indices of exhaust gases, and puts forward the problem of technical usability of a water solution of hydrogen peroxide for the discussed purposes. The effect of water proportion in fuel on the change of the engine smoking, concentration of NOx in exhaust gases in the function of water proportion of water injected, concentration of NOx in the function of rotational speed for standard fuel and emulsion fuel, the effect of water proportion in the emulsion fuel on the relative value of the engine torque, concentration of CO in exhaust gases in the function of the engine load for different water proportions concentration of NOx in exhaust gases in the function of the engine load for different water proportions, specific fuel consumption in the function of the engine load for different water proportions are illustrated in the paper.

Źródło:

Journal of KONES; 2007, 14, 4; 177-182
1231-4005
2354-0133

Pojawia się w:

Journal of KONES

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 15.

Tytuł:

Approval tests and evaluation of emission properties of vehicle

Autorzy:

Majerczyk, A.

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/246994.pdf

Data publikacji:

2013

Wydawca:

Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych

Tematy:

transport
road transport
combustion engines
air pollution
environmental protection

Opis:

Operation of vehicles equipped with combustion engines is a source of pollution. That is why the emissions from this source are restricted. The emissions reduction system consists of several steps, whose basic component is a typeapproval of vehicle in terms of emissions level and admission to the registration of vehicles that meets the requirements for emissions. It is assumed, that the gradual reduction of emissions limits will improve the emission properties of the vehicles, and gradual withdrawal of used vehicles, will reduce of emissions growth. The basis for issuing opinions on a vehicle's exhaust emissions is the measurement of emissions performed in the laboratory on a chassis dynamometer in reproducible conditions of preparing the vehicle for testing, test replication, fuel for the engine, and the procedure for collecting the exhaust gas analysis. Motor Transport Institute conducts the type approval tests, as well as the research on emissions from vehicles in the real traffic conditions, which are used to determine the actual emission from the vehicle population. Emission tests for applications, that go beyond the application of type approval show, that there are vehicles whose emissions in operation is substantially different from the emissions measured during type approval. It is a natural phenomenon in the case of used vehicles and vehicles with engine malfunctions or exhaust aftertreatment system defect. However, there are vehicles whose emissions under specific operating traffic conditions are significantly different from the values obtained in the course of type approval tests, despite the good properties of emission measured under the conditions provided by the type-approval procedure. The article discusses the results of the emissions from vehicles, obtained in the tests used to determine the emission factors for vehicles used in real traffic conditions, thus taking into account emissions from vehicles, made under different conditions than the type approval tests, which show that, in terms of driving cycles, which are not covered by the emission test procedure, can multiply and exceed the approved values.. This is particularly true for modern diesel engines.

Źródło:

Journal of KONES; 2013, 20, 4; 245-251
1231-4005
2354-0133

Pojawia się w:

Journal of KONES

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 16.

Tytuł:

Effects of renewable energy sources on air-fuel ratio

Autorzy:

Torok, A.
Zoldy, M.
Csefalvay, E.

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/242855.pdf

Data publikacji:

2018

Wydawca:

Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych

Tematy:

air-fuel ratio
lambda
gasoline
ethanol
combustion engine
air pollution
environmental protection

Opis:

Environmental emission of road transport is a key problem. Periodic environmental test are designed to ensure minimum emission. Periodic checks are based on measurements. In this emission measurements fuel type plays an important role. The Brettschneider equation is a method used to compare the idealized and actual air fuel ratio. Brettschneider established a method to calculate ratio of oxygen to fuel by comparing the ratio of oxygen molecules to carbon and hydrogen molecules in the exhaust. In this article, authors have investigated blended ethanol effect on idealized and actual air fuel ratio based on Brettschneider equation. The main result of the article that blended ethanol has insignificant effect on air-fuel ratio. The article presents inter alia difference in stoichiometric air fuel ratios in case of different fuels, changes in λ due to blending ethanol and comparison of influence of emissions of different types of transport. In the article authors focus particularly on periodic checks and gasoline driven cars. The main research question was if ethanol blends have effect on idealized and actual air fuel ratio based on Brettschneider equation

Źródło:

Journal of KONES; 2018, 25, 3; 473-477
1231-4005
2354-0133

Pojawia się w:

Journal of KONES

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 17.

Tytuł:

Telematic security system for cash transport vehicle

Autorzy:

Kamiński, T.
Kruszewski, M.
Niezgoda, M.
Gacparska-Stołek, J.

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/245531.pdf

Data publikacji:

2011

Wydawca:

Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych

Tematy:

transport
road transport
simulation
combustion engines
air pollution
environmental protection

Opis:

Paper describes security system mounted in the cash transport vehicle that was developed in "Pancermet" project. Consortium consists in addition to the Motor Transport Institute, another nine entities which represent science, vehicle producers and military. The system fulfils the new legal requirements in this area, and consists of the inside/outside video monitoring module and selective door locking mechanism. Every device was designed in accordance with safety and security principles. The video monitoring module includes four video cameras, audiovideo recorder and smoke detector. Selective door lock module cooperates with on-board CAN network that allows selective doors locking with usage of the dedicated touch panel installed on the vehicle's dashboard. The module continually monitors the CAN network which allows also to gain information about opening and closing of every door and status of the lock. Information at touch panel screen, is continuously refreshed, allowing keeping control over all doors, for driver and transporting manager. Article describes also general description about communication with door locks in CAN network and problems encountered during modules development and their solutions. In article there were presented used devices which allows preparing the system for cash transport vehicle.

Źródło:

Journal of KONES; 2011, 18, 3; 149-154
1231-4005
2354-0133

Pojawia się w:

Journal of KONES

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 18.

Tytuł:

Numerical modeling of interior car compartment - first analysis

Autorzy:

Trzebiński, D.
Szczygieł, I.

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/247613.pdf

Data publikacji:

2010

Wydawca:

Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych

Tematy:

transport
road transport
simulation
combustion engines
air pollution
environmental protection

Opis:

During hot summer days outside temperature often exceeds 30°C. Without air condition system it is impossible to achieve temperature inside car compartment at the same level or lower than outside, even with high air flow. Driver 's efficiency researches indicate that it can be even 35% higher at +20°C than at +35°C. Decrease of efficiency at +5°C can be the same as that at +35°C. Usage of air condition system is the only way to achieve internal temperature lower than external one. The heat flux which should be transferred from the car cabin is about 2 kW. There is no problem to reject even higher heat flux from cabin. The problem is how to assure thermal comfort for passengers in so small space like car compartment. The thermal comfort usually means that near skin air temperature is about 20-22°C and air velocity is below 0.5 m/s. In this paper first analysis of numerical modelling of air flow inside car compartment are presented. Two types are considered: first one with 2 m/s velocity with inlets situated at front cowl section, front of dashboard and near feet. Second one with 4 m/s velocity with inlets situated at front cowl section and near foot.

Źródło:

Journal of KONES; 2010, 17, 3; 461-466
1231-4005
2354-0133

Pojawia się w:

Journal of KONES

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 19.

Tytuł:

An application of artificial neural network to exhaust emission modelling from diesel engine

Autorzy:

Reszka, K.
Rakoczy, J.
Morgiel, J.

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/242238.pdf

Data publikacji:

2011

Wydawca:

Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych

Tematy:

transport
road transport
simulation
combustion engines
air pollution
environmental protection

Opis:

Processes of the combustion of liquid fuels and solid are more complex than combustion of fuel gases. With reference to liquid fuels occur additionally processes of vaporization of the fuel, and with reference to solid fuels - decomposition of the solid phase with processes of melting and vaporization, pyrolysis, or gasification. This simultaneous and also different influence of different parameters is sometimes a reason of incorrect interpretation of experimental results. The study of the theoretical model of the combustion process concerning of liquid and solid fuels and which then the model takes into account also the gas- phase, because combustion processes take place in this phase, and occurs the interaction of the phase gas- and liquid or the solid one. The theoretical model is presented basing on experimental initial researches realized in a model with reference to liquid fuels and solid ones. Researches realized in the constant volume chamber with measurements of the pressure during the process of the combustion with the use of quick photography and with measurement of the distribution of the velocity in the spray of the fuel and droplet measurements by means the laser Doppler equipment LDV and PDPA. There were obtained a good agreement of findings experimental researches with the theoretical model. Generally on the combustion velocity of liquid fuels and solid one significant influence has a kind (laminar, temporary and turbulent) and the thickness of the thermal boundary layer.

Źródło:

Journal of KONES; 2011, 18, 2; 365-367
1231-4005
2354-0133

Pojawia się w:

Journal of KONES

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 20.

Tytuł:

Combustion temperature and exhaust gas composition in si engine fuelled with gaseous hydrocarbon fuels

Autorzy:

Flekiewicz, M.
Kubica, G.

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/243947.pdf

Data publikacji:

2010

Wydawca:

Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych

Tematy:

transport
road transport
simulation
combustion engines
air pollution
environmental protection

Opis:

This paper presents the issues connected with the process of combustion of natur al gas and methane-hydrogen blend in SI engine. Enriching methane with hydrogen is the way to make the combustion process more efficient and gives possibilities of CO 2 emission reducing. The detailed analysis focused on changes in temperature profile and their impact on thermal charge and composition of the emitted exhaust gas. All the range of investigation is divided into threeparts. First part is dedicated to comparison of combustion temperatures of LPG, CNG and Petrol. In the middle part are presented the results of investigation of influence ignition advance on combustion temperatures of CNG. The third part includes the results of research project aimed at opportunities of efficient combustion of gaseous fuels, whose main constituent is methane. The selected group of fuels included: CNG, and methane-hydrogen blends (with volumetric hydrogen shares - 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 30%). The tested engine was an Opel Astra naturally aspirated four-cylinder 1.6 l petrol engine with power output of 55 kW at 5200 rpm and torque of 128 Nm at 2600 rpm. This engine was modified in a way allowing its CNG propulsion without compression ratio variations. The investigations were carried out on chassis dynamometers and were the basis for analysis by means of mathematical simulation model, in this paper. The obtained results were compared to measurements for fuelling with unleaded petrol (95-octane) as a base fuel for this drive unit. Fuelling of engine with blend of methane and hydrogen opens up opportunities for considerable reduction in CO 2. For blend contains 30% of hydrogen the emission of CO 2 was 35% lesser than in petrol case.

Źródło:

Journal of KONES; 2010, 17, 3; 105-111
1231-4005
2354-0133

Pojawia się w:

Journal of KONES

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 21.

Tytuł:

Proposal for air pollution monitoring system with particular attention to linear emissions

Autorzy:

Batko, W.
Skrobacki, Z.
Oliszewski, M.

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/950095.pdf

Data publikacji:

2016

Wydawca:

Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych

Tematy:

transport
road transport
simulation
combustion engines
air pollution
environmental protection

Opis:

At the beginning of the twentieth century, annual CO2 emissions were around 3 billion tons, while the current levels are 10 times higher now. It is estimated that approximately 22% of the so-called LINEAR emissions are produced by the Transport sector. The vehicles produced today have much lower CO2 emissions, however the number of vehicles on the streets is steadily growing – which in turn spikes up the emissions. Various policies have been put into place to protect the people, and the environment from the harmful impact of the automotive industry. However, the process of identifying the negative emitters such as point, line, and surface emitters is difficult due to the fact that they take place simultaneously. The transport and the spread of pollutant gas are mainly dependent upon the atmospheric phenomena recorded locally. Key factors include atmospheric pressure, wind speed and direction, and the phenomenon of temperature inversion and heat transfer phenomena in the atmosphere to name a few. The factors I have just mentioned are affected by the area’s topography, the concentration of buildings & plants in a given area that affect the oxygen levels in the area. Therefore, there is a need to establish a system for continuous monitoring of air quality with regard to the use of heating systems, operating systems, transportation management and vehicle traffic. This type of system shall consist of a “network & quote; of measuring instruments deployed in various locations within the measured territory. The use of a measuring system will: record pollution levels, pinpoint trouble areas, allow us to forecast the future pollution levels, as record necessary data to forecast the atmospheric conditions. The expert module will allow the use of artificial intelligence in the analysis of gathered data. Paper examines a system that meets the above-mentioned criteria. The system was created by an interdisciplinary research team led by Prof. Dr. Eng. W. Batko of the Academy of Mining and Metallurgy in Krakow, Poland.

Źródło:

Journal of KONES; 2016, 23, 3; 25-32
1231-4005
2354-0133

Pojawia się w:

Journal of KONES

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 22.

Tytuł:

Analysis of possibility limiting the time of test injector in diesel engine using factory test bench producers of these elements

Autorzy:

Bąk, Witold
Wojnar, Grzegorz

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/245495.pdf

Data publikacji:

2019

Wydawca:

Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych

Tematy:

transport
road transport
simulation
combustion engines
air pollution
environmental protection

Opis:

Regeneration of parts is the most correct form of use of worn out components and contributes, among others, to reduce CO2 emissions. In the case of elements of fuel injector systems, very high precision is required and such regeneration should be carried out using the original parts. It also requires testing on the original testing stands of these manufacturers, which very often characterized by the fact that it is not possible to perform a short test, which means that it is only possible to perform a time-consuming comprehensive test. An unquestionable advantage in some cases would be the possibility of preliminary verification of the correct operation of the regenerated subassembly without the need for a full time-consuming test. In the present situation, only after completing a time-consuming comprehensive test of the diagnosed element of the injection system, it is often necessary to carry out its disassembly, replacement or correction of one of the components and reassembly with the next time-consuming test. In the case of low unemployment in the labour market, this is extremely unfavourable, and it is often not possible to organize work in such a way that the diagnostic test of the subassembly takes place without the participation of an employee. On the basis of the analyses presented in this article, carried out in the research and development department in company whose employee is one of the co-authors, it can be stated that in the current situation on the labour market where skilled workers are required to work and for the development of science is the most purposeful recognition of the possibility of using vibroacoustic signals to shorten time of tests, which with a high probability may end in a negative result. The preliminary analysis carried out, show that limitation of diagnostic time can be over 35%.

Źródło:

Journal of KONES; 2019, 26, 4; 15-20
1231-4005
2354-0133

Pojawia się w:

Journal of KONES

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 23.

Tytuł:

Research of water - fuel microemulsions as fuel for diesel engine

Autorzy:

Haller, P.
Jankowski, A.
Kolanek, Cz.
Walkowiak, W. W.

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/246514.pdf

Data publikacji:

2012

Wydawca:

Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych

Tematy:

road transport
combustion engines
emulsion's fuels
air pollution
environmental protection

Opis:

The combustion of fuels is and will be in the nearest future a basic way of acquiring the energy, among others, for transport purposes. Transport causes many threats for natural environment. It produces powders and particulates, together with many gaseous noxious substances and is also the source of noise and vibrations. Sources of propulsion, applied in transport, are almost exclusively piston-combustion engines, among which the dominant role play self-ignition engines. In the light of well-known advantages of these engines, they were accepted as most beneficial sources of car vehicles' propulsion in nearest decades, provided they meet the requirements of the future legal regulations regarding the environmental protection. The emission of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and particulate matters (PM) is a problem to be solved in modern engines. This constitutes so called targets conflict, consisting in excluding the alternative of both coefficients’ decrease, in the way of regulation the set of an engine and the limiting emissions, permitted by the EURO regulations. From among many different methods of limiting both the formation and emission of NOx, the method of the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) is universally applied. This method requires special installation with the catalyst and the reservoir intended for the "clinically" clean reductive measure. In the aspect of constituting opinions regarding the need of reducing additional installations and media on board the vehicle, it seems that to supply the engine with fuel-water emulsion and especially fuel-water microemulsion becomes an interesting solution.

Źródło:

Journal of KONES; 2012, 19, 3; 165-170
1231-4005
2354-0133

Pojawia się w:

Journal of KONES

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 24.

Tytuł:

Effect of elevated coolant temperature on the exhaust composition of piston internal - combustion engine

Autorzy:

Krakowski, R.

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/246871.pdf

Data publikacji:

2012

Wydawca:

Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych

Tematy:

combustion engines
engine cooling
exhaust emissions
air pollution
environmental protection

Opis:

There is a tendency to increase the economic efficiency of engine operation and energy efficiency and reduce emissions of toxic combustion products. One way to reduce emissions of toxic components in exhaust gases is raising the coolant boiling point, which requires the simultaneous increase in pressure in the cooling system. Previous studies suggest that such a system can reduce the amount of toxic components in exhaust gases, particularly at low engine load when the engine exhaust temperature is too low to make effective catalytic action. The paper presents the model and experimental test stands to research the cooling system at an elevated temperature of the coolant. The speed and load characteristics of the standard cooling systems and pressure were presented. The research results were designed to determine the effect of elevated temperature in the cooling system on the composition of the gases. The characteristics of the external speed and load were performed with standard cooling systems and pressure. When performing velocity characteristics of the engine was loaded up in the whole range of engine speed from 1000 to 4000 rev/min, while the load characteristics were performed for different values of torque at constant speed in the range from 1500-4000 rpm. The results confirmed the benefits of increasing the temperature of the coolant. The presented characteristics that apply pressure cooling system reduces the amount of toxic components in exhaust gases, particularly at low engine load, in which the engine operates most often in urban conditions.

Źródło:

Journal of KONES; 2012, 19, 2; 263-270
1231-4005
2354-0133

Pojawia się w:

Journal of KONES

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 25.

Tytuł:

Evaluation of operational availability of municipal transport system

Autorzy:

Woropay, M.
Bojar, P.
Muślewski, Ł.

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/949488.pdf

Data publikacji:

2017

Wydawca:

Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych

Tematy:

transport
road transport
simulation
combustion engines
air pollution
environmental protection

Opis:

The primary subject of research is the procedure leading to safe, efficient, reliable and timely completion of transport tasks. The tasks, assigned to the transport system, are carried out by an operative subsystem, comprised of elementary subsystems of the man – technical object (operator-vehicle) type. The timely and safe completion of the tasks is influenced by the level of availability and reliability of elementary subsystems. Those in control of the process of the use of means of transport (vehicles) should undertake control decisions in such a way that would correctly evaluate the efficiency of process completion. In the area of public transport, technical availability of buses constitutes an important criterion of the evaluation of transport system. As a result, the transport company should provide continuous surveillance of the process of vehicle use in order to achieve running availability of the whole system. The requirements expected from devices and machines used head towards servicing via preventive method taking into account the technical condition of the system. Such an approach is a transformation towards technical system servicing process management. Correct completion of transport tasks is possible when the required traffic safety is met, taking into consideration the technical condition of the means of transport. The municipal transport systems should ensure the quality of the services provided to meet the expectations of the users. In the set of characteristics of the researched transport system, the following ones stand out: regularity, availability, reliability, course frequency, travel comfort, timeliness, speed, service complexity, competitive cost of transport service, and safety.

Źródło:

Journal of KONES; 2017, 24, 4; 355-361
1231-4005
2354-0133

Pojawia się w:

Journal of KONES

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 26.

Tytuł:

Testing of an engine fuelled with rapeseed oil

Autorzy:

Żółtowski, A

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/241524.pdf

Data publikacji:

2018

Wydawca:

Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych

Tematy:

transport
road transport
combustion engines
air pollution
environmental protection
emissions testing

Opis:

Rapeseed oil in a few applications can be used as an engine fuel. Although it has worse properties than its methyl esters, it can be considered as an alternative fuel in engines adapted to its use. The article describes some problems resulting from the use of pure rapeseed oil as a fuel for compression ignition internal combustion engines. Differences between basic physical and chemical properties between diesel oil and rapeseed oil will be discussed and their impact on the theoretical engine performance and emission of pollutants from the exhaust system, with a focus on viscosity of rapeseed oil and the impact of this parameter on the fuel injection process. The basic changes in the engine design to be able to run on the rapeseed oil are discussed. The results of author’s own tests of the engine adapted to operate on the rapeseed oil and its blends with diesel oil carried out on the engine dynamometer test bench are presented. The theoretical assumptions presented in the Introduction were tested experimentally in the dynamometric test. Combination of higher density of rapeseed oil and its smaller stoichiometric value caused by the presence of oxygen and a smaller share of hydrogen in the fuel, means that a larger mass of fuel can be injected into the charge compressed into the cylinder. Thanks to this, the engine powered by rapeseed oil and diesel oil can reach similar powers.

Źródło:

Journal of KONES; 2018, 25, 3; 527-532
1231-4005
2354-0133

Pojawia się w:

Journal of KONES

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 27.

Tytuł:

The association of exposure to $PM_10$ with the quality of life in adult asthma patients

Autorzy:

Ścibor, Monika
Malinowska-Cieślik, Marta

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2116616.pdf

Data publikacji:

2020-04-30

Wydawca:

Instytut Medycyny Pracy im. prof. dra Jerzego Nofera w Łodzi

Tematy:

quality of life
asthma
air pollution
environmental health
PM10
AQLQ

Opis:

ObjectivesAir pollution has become a critical environmental issue, which severely threatens the well-being of asthma patients. The quality of life of these patients, when exposed to air pollutants such as particulate matter 10 (PM10), has been poorly studied. The current research examined the association between the concentration of PM10 in the air and the quality of life of patients with asthma.Material and MethodsThe study group consisted of 300 adult asthma patients treated in 2 allergy outpatient clinics in Kraków, who declared they would not leave the city in the 14-day study period. Daily concentrations of PM10 from air monitoring stations were recorded over a period of 2 weeks, following which the patients filled out the standardized Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (AQLQ) regarding the monitored period to assess the total quality of life and its 4 domains (symptoms, limitation of activity, emotional functioning and environmental stimuli).ResultsThe average PM10 exposure was 65.2 μg/m3 and only 30% of the patients were exposed to values of ≤50 μg/m3, i.e., the highest 24-h threshold value considered acceptable by the World Health Organization. The observed effect of an increased level of exposure to airborne PM10 was associated with reduced scores in AQLQ from 0.40 at the medium level to 0.46 at the high level, in comparison to the low level. The total score of the asthma-related quality of life and its domains showed poorer outcomes as the concentration of PM10 was increasing (every 0.08 pt per a 10 μg/m3 increase).ConclusionsThe increase in the concentration of PM10 in the air impacts on the overall quality of life and its particular domains in people with exceptional predispositions, such as patients with bronchial asthma. Physicians taking care of asthma patients should pay special attention to the quality of patient’s life in response to the course and control of that illness, in relation to air pollution.

Źródło:

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health; 2020, 33, 3; 311-324
1232-1087
1896-494X

Pojawia się w:

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 28.

Tytuł:

Investigation of combustion process in dual fuel diesel engine

Autorzy:

Żółtowski, A.

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/247295.pdf

Data publikacji:

2014

Wydawca:

Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych

Tematy:

road transport
combustion engines
air pollution
environmental protection
alternative fuels
combustion

Opis:

In this paper are presented results of dual fuel diesel engine bench testing carried out by author. The engine was fuelled parallel with two fuels. The second, additional fuel was compressed natural gas (CNG). CNG was injected into engine inlet system before inlet to engine turbocharger. There was installed a pressure transducer in one of engine cylinders and cylinder pressure was registered at the time of testing. There is discussed place and way of pressure sensor installation and impact on quality of indicating signals of the channel connecting the transducer with combustion chamber. The carried out investigations included measurement of emissions and engine indicating completed with the heat release characteristics. There was considered influence of CNG on CO, NOx, THC and NMHC emissions, especially how pollutant emissions depend on the share of methane in fuel. The effect of using natural gas as an additional fuel injected to regular CI engine on heat release rate was investigated, as well as its rate and duration. Discussed the differences between combustion of methane and diesel oil and ways of spreading flames into air-fuel mixture for these two mixed fuels The processes of combustion of diesel oil and methane are totally different. The study searches for the limits of methane content due to knocking combustion. Additive of methane to the diesel fuel is a reason of retarded heat release, decrease of engine efficiency, greater fuel consumption and changes in emissions corresponding to the lag of self-ignition

Źródło:

Journal of KONES; 2014, 21, 2; 303-309
1231-4005
2354-0133

Pojawia się w:

Journal of KONES

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 29.

Tytuł:

Tyre pyrolysis oil as an engine fuel

Autorzy:

Żółtowski, A.

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/247415.pdf

Data publikacji:

2014

Wydawca:

Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych

Tematy:

road transport
combustion engines
air pollution
environmental protection
alternative fuels
combustion

Opis:

Tests have been carried out to evaluate the performance, emissions and heat release characteristics of a double cylinder direct injection diesel engine fuelled with tyre pyrolysis oil and diesel oil. The combustion parameters such as heat release rate, cylinder peak pressure, maximum rate of cylinder pressure, combustion knocking were also analysed. For purposes of this work raw pyrolysis oil was derived from waste vehicle tyres through vacuum pyrolysis realized in experimental installation. Results showed that the brake thermal efficiency of the engine fuelled with pyrolysis oil increased. THC, CO and CO2 emissions were found to be higher due to high aromatic content and longer ignition delay, whereas NOx shows increasing tendency due to greater heat release rate. The cylinder peak pressure did not change. The ignition delay became greater what can be the reason of problems with combustion knocking. Pyrolysis oil has a mass fraction of individual elements similar to diesel fuel but the chemical composition of hydrocarbons included in these fuels is different. The product of pyrolysis contains too much soot, sulphur, light and heavy hydrocarbons fractions for direct using it in engine. Aromatics content gives this fuel a distinctive smell. Pyrolysis oil is toxic and dangerous in use due to the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). However raw pyrolysis oil is not suitable to use it as a CI fuel and requires additional distillation before using it in diesel engines as an alternative fuel in the future.

Źródło:

Journal of KONES; 2014, 21, 1; 295-302
1231-4005
2354-0133

Pojawia się w:

Journal of KONES

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 30.

Tytuł:

Effect of LPG gas fuel injectors on the properties of low emission vehicles

Autorzy:

Majerczyk, A.
Radzimirski, S.

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/241843.pdf

Data publikacji:

2012

Wydawca:

Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych

Tematy:

road transport
liquid fuels
LPG
combustion engines
air pollution
environmental protection

Opis:

Modern spark-ignition engines used for the propulsion of low emission vehicles are fuelled by injection systems in which the fuel is individually metered to each cylinder by a single injector (multipoint injection). For the proper engine operation, it is necessary that the injectors are similar to each other and stable in respect of the fuel dosage during the whole engine operation. This requirement is satisfactorily met by petrol injectors used by OEM. In contrast to petrol injectors, gas injector used in LPG-fuelled vehicles, in particular for the retrofit, are still in the development phase and therefore their quality and production consistency are often regarded as unsatisfactory from the standpoint of view of the proper engine operation. The injector-to-injector variation in the fuel dosage results in air-fuel mixture maldistribution in the cylinders, which, in turn, affects vehicle emission characteristics. The paper presents results of an investigation of inconsistency of gas injectors used in LPG vehicles in respect of their dosage. The method of measurement of the dosage uniformity is described. On the basis of the measurement, three sets of injectors differing in respect of injector-to-injector variation were selected for further vehicle tests. Tests were conducted on a passenger Euro 4 car. The emissions of limited pollutants were measured over the NEDC type-approval cycle and cycle's representative for the real world driving under Polish driving conditions. The paper presents results of the conducted tests and discusses the effect of injector-to-injector variation on the pollutant emissions.

Źródło:

Journal of KONES; 2012, 19, 4; 401-410
1231-4005
2354-0133

Pojawia się w:

Journal of KONES

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 31.

Tytuł:

Nitrogen oxides emission estimator for a diesel engine use to reduce the emission of harmful substances in exhaust gas to environment

Autorzy:

Graba, M.
Mamala, J
Bieniek, A.
Hennek, K.

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/246302.pdf

Data publikacji:

2017

Wydawca:

Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych

Tematy:

nitrogen oxides emission
diesel engine
estimation
combustion engines
air pollution
environmental protection

Opis:

This article reports the results of experimental and numerical analysis of emissions of nitrogen oxides in exhaust gas to the environment from a turbocharged diesel engine of a tractor. The problem of identifying nitrogen oxides emissions from the exhaust gases was formulated and subsequently solved, based on data gained from measurements. The results of estimation of nitrogen oxides emissions were verified on the basis of research on a test object. The object of the study and a non-linear static model of nitrogen oxides emission were also described for two systems – with and without exhaust gas recirculation. The article demonstrates that the use of an adequately selected mathematical model can lead to the estimation of emissions of nitrogen oxides contained in the exhaust gas of diesel engines in an off-road vehicle. The created model can be used to control the valve of the exhaust gas of recirculation system and so reduce the emission of harmful substances to the environment. The presented research results show the comparison of estimated and measured nitrogen oxides concentration. The estimated value from the mathematical model concentration is about from 0.7 s to 1 s earlier than the value measured by the sensor, therefore the exhaust gas recirculation system could be controlled accordingly before nitrogen oxides are formed.

Źródło:

Journal of KONES; 2017, 24, 3; 87-94
1231-4005
2354-0133

Pojawia się w:

Journal of KONES

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 32.

Tytuł:

Environmental genesis of Alzheimer’s disease: A proposed role of air pollution and insecticides in AD pathogenesis

Autorzy:

Tegowska, E.
Wosinska, A.

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/55437.pdf

Data publikacji:

2011

Wydawca:

Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego

Tematy:

environmental genesis
air pollution
insecticide
pesticide
herbicide
pathogenesis
Alzheimer's disease
pathological change

Opis:

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cerebral deposition of extracellular amyloid plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles. However, these neuropathological changes are final symptoms and the earliest manifestation of pathological changes is an increase in the level of cellular oxidation caused by free radicals. As our environment is abundant in factors promoting this process, the paper presents the facts concerning the relations between air (i.e. smog and pesticides) and soil pollution (i.e. pesticides) and AD prevalence.

Źródło:

Pestycydy; 2011, 1-4
0208-8703

Pojawia się w:

Pestycydy

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 33.

Tytuł:

Środowiskowe efekty ekspansji fiskalnej — zastosowanie modelu RBC
Environmental effects of fiscal expansion — application of the RBC model

Autorzy:

Krajewski, Piotr
Mackiewicz, Michał
Piłat, Katarzyna

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/543952.pdf

Data publikacji:

2018-04-28

Wydawca:

Główny Urząd Statystyczny

Tematy:

polityka fiskalna
ekonomia środowiska
zanieczyszczenie powietrza
fiscal policy
environmental economics
air pollution

Opis:

Celem opracowania jest zbadanie wpływu ekspansywnej polityki fiskalnej, polegającej na ogólnym zwiększaniu wydatków rządowych, na stan środowiska przyrodniczego, a konkretnie — zanieczyszczenie powietrza. Analizę przeprowadzono na podstawie modelu realnego cyklu koniunkturalnego (RBC). Wyniki symulacji wskazują, że ekspansywna polityka fiskalna, przyczyniając się do wzrostu PKB, powoduje jednocześnie pogorszenie się jakości powietrza. Z analizy wynika również, że w dłuższym okresie głównym mechanizmem, poprzez który polityka ta wpływa na poziom emisji zanieczyszczeń, jest akumulacja kapitału publicznego. W celu zminimalizowania negatywnych skutków ekspansji fiskalnej dla środowiska szczególnie istotne jest zatem, by inwestycje publiczne miały charakter proekologiczny.
The aim of the article is to analyse the impact of expansionary fiscal policy, involving an overall increase in government expenditure, on the condition of the natural environment and, more specifically, on air pollution. The analysis is based on the Real Business Cycle (RBC) model. The results of the simulations indicate that expansionary fiscal policy, contributing to GDP growth, also results in deterioration of air quality. The analysis also shows that in the longer term, the main mechanism by which this policy affects the level of air pollution emission is the accumulation of public capital. Therefore, in order to minimise the negative effects of fiscal expansion on the environment, it is particularly important to invest in pro-ecological public investments.

Źródło:

Wiadomości Statystyczne. The Polish Statistician; 2018, 63, 4; 5-14
0043-518X

Pojawia się w:

Wiadomości Statystyczne. The Polish Statistician

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 34.

Tytuł:

Monitoring i terenowe badania jakości powietrza z wykorzystaniem spektrometru masowego
Monitoring and environmental research of air quality with the use of mass spectrometry

Autorzy:

Dubiel, Ł.
Wal, A.
Kuźma, M.

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/407881.pdf

Data publikacji:

2014

Wydawca:

Politechnika Lubelska. Wydawnictwo Politechniki Lubelskiej

Tematy:

monitoring środowiska
zanieczyszczenia powietrza
ochrona powietrza
spektrometria masowa
environmental monitoring
air pollution
air safety
mass spectrometry

Opis:

W artykule zaprezentowano wykorzystanie spektrometru masowego Prisma Plus QMG 220 2M dla monitoringu powietrza w badaniach terenowych zanieczyszczenia środowiska. Opisano zasadę działania spektrometru z kwadrupolowym filtrem mas. Przedstawiono metodologię wykonania pomiarów oraz interpretację uzyskanego widma powietrza z okolicy Nowej Sarzyny.
In the paper the use of mass spectrometer Prisma Plus QMG 220 2M for mobile monitoring of air in the regional research of environmental pollution is presented. The spectrometer with quadruple filter is addressed and the methodology of measurements and interpretation of obtained spectrum of air from the vicinity of Nowa Sarzyna is discussed.

Źródło:

Informatyka, Automatyka, Pomiary w Gospodarce i Ochronie Środowiska; 2014, 4; 65-68
2083-0157
2391-6761

Pojawia się w:

Informatyka, Automatyka, Pomiary w Gospodarce i Ochronie Środowiska

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 35.

Tytuł:

What drives the preferences for cleaner energy? Parametrizing the elasticities of environmental quality demand for greenhouse gases

Autorzy:

Sánchez García, Javier
Galdeano Gómez, Emilio

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/19322768.pdf

Data publikacji:

2023

Wydawca:

Instytut Badań Gospodarczych

Tematy:

cleaner energy
environmental demand elasticity
business enterprises R+D
exposure to air pollution

Opis:

Research background: The heterogeneity in the factors that affect demand for environmental quality implicates a diverse set of policies and actions aimed at achieving cleaner production to address the challenges posed by pollution and damage to the natural environment. Even though this topic has been widely addressed, mainly from the traditional perspective of the Environmental Kuznets Curves hypothesis (EKC), it has been assumed that the environment is a luxury good with an income elasticity greater than unity. However, it has recently been recognized that the relationship between income and demand for cleaner energy may be more complex and that further inquiry may be needed for a better understanding. Purpose of the article: This research work, employing a panel of European countries, offers direct explicit parameters for the elasticity of income-environmental quality demand for Greenhouse Gases (GHG), as well as its relationship with other important factors. It provides quantitative novel insights into the complex relationship between income and the preferences for cleaner energy. Methods: A hierarchical regression equations approach is used to analyze the evolution of the elasticity of income-environmental quality demand with the inclusion of further co-variates that are relevant for the preferences side of the EKC, such as consumption, R+D investment and BERD (Business Enterprise Research and Development). The data for the empirical study comes from a panel of 16 European countries for the period from 2010 to 2020. Findings & value added: The results show robust evidence that the elasticity of environmental quality demand, which although positive and significant, does not exceed one. To obtain an elasticity above unity, two more variables are needed, namely the R+D expenditure of business enterprises and the exposure of citizens to air pollution. These two factors have a similar or even higher effect on the preferences of agents for cleaner energy, which also means that the preferences of the citizens are endogenous to technological development. At the theoretical level, this work shows that the technological and preferences arguments are not substitute explanations of the EKC, but that technological development exerts a positive effect on the preferences of inhabitants, whose demand for environmental quality is heavily conditioned by their capabilities to see pollution, even more than by their income level. This also means that public policies directed to improve environmental awareness should be directed first towards those regions where the exposure of the citizens to pollution is lower.

Źródło:

Oeconomia Copernicana; 2023, 14, 2; 449-482
2083-1277

Pojawia się w:

Oeconomia Copernicana

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 36.

Tytuł:

Environmental policy stringency and its impact on air pollution in Poland
Restrykcyjność polityki środowiskowej i jej wpływ na zanieczyszczenie powietrza w Polsce

Autorzy:

Godawska, Justyna

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1845346.pdf

Data publikacji:

2021

Wydawca:

Fundacja Ekonomistów Środowiska i Zasobów Naturalnych

Tematy:

environmental policy
air pollution
environmental tax
expenditure on environmental protection
polityka środowiskowa
zanieczyszczenie powietrza
podatek środowiskowy
wydatek na ochronę środowiska

Opis:

The article aims to assess the level of severity of the environmental policy in Poland com-pared to the selected EU countries and the impact of this level on the SO2, NOX, VOCs, CO2, and GHG emissions and premature mortality due to exposure to PM2.5. In the research based on OECD and Eurostat data, multiple regression analysis is used. The results of regression analysis do not allow for drawing unequivocal conclusions. The use of one of the selected measures of environmental policy stringency confirms the impact of this stringency on all the studied variables characterising air pollu-tion. In contrast, in the other measure, this relationship was found only for two variables. The reason for different results may be the adoption of different research periods (1990-2012 and 1994-2018) due to the availability of data.
Celem artykułu jest ocena stopnia restrykcyjności polityki środowiskowej w Polsce na tle wybranych krajów UE oraz jego wpływu na emisje SO2, NOx, lotnych związków organicznych, CO2i gazów cieplarnianych oraz przedwczesną śmiertelność z powodu narażenia na PM2.5. W badaniach opartych na danych OECD i Eurostatu wykorzystano analizę regresji wielorakiej. Wyniki analizy regresji nie pozwalają na wyciągnięcie jednoznacznych wniosków. Użycie jednej z wybranych miar restrykcyjności polityki środowiskowej potwierdza wpływ tej restrykcyjności na wszystkie badane zmienne charakteryzujące zanieczyszczenie powietrza, natomiast w przypadku drugiej miary zależność tę stwierdzono tylko dla dwóch zmiennych. Przyczyną odmiennych wyników może być przyjęcie różnych okresów badawczych (1990-2012 i 1994-2018) wynikające z dostępności danych.

Źródło:

Ekonomia i Środowisko; 2021, 1; 52-67
0867-8898

Pojawia się w:

Ekonomia i Środowisko

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 37.

Tytuł:

Transboundary Air Pollution in the Krakow Agglomeration Using the HYSPLIT Model
Transgraniczne zanieczyszczenie powietrza w aglomeracji krakowskiej z zastosowaniem modelu HYSPLIT

Autorzy:

Ciepiela, Maciej
Sobczyk, Wiktoria

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2201255.pdf

Data publikacji:

2023

Wydawca:

Polskie Towarzystwo Przeróbki Kopalin

Tematy:

particulate pollution
air pollution modeling
air quality assessment
environmental monitoring
forest fires
zanieczyszczenie pyłowe
modelowanie zanieczyszczeń powietrza
ocena jakości powietrza
monitoring środowiska
pożary lasów

Opis:

The study aims to analyze the measurement data of PM10 particulate matter in the Krakow agglomeration. It develops a model of the backward trajectory of air masses to determine whether and to what extent natural phenomena, such as forest fires outside Poland, affect the level of air pollution. The article describes the process of pollutant dispersion in the Earth’s atmosphere and the principles of air monitoring in the Krakow agglomeration. The study uses 2022 measurement data from ten monitoring stations of the Chief Inspectorate of Environmental Protection in the Krakow agglomeration. Two periods of increased PM10 particulate matter were selected. On the basis of the HYSPLIT software, which uses backward air trajectories, the influx of transboundary pollution was simulated. Then, by analyzing the FIRMS fire information system, an attempt was made to document that the pollution sources considered were of natural origin and that human activity did not in any way determine the emissions and their magnitude.
Celem badań była analiza danych pomiarowych pyłów zawieszonych PM10 na terenie aglomeracji krakowskiej oraz wykonanie modelu trajektorii wstecznych mas powietrza w celu określenia, czy i w jakim stopniu zjawiska naturalne, takie jak pożary lasów poza granicami Polski, wpływają na stopień zanieczyszczenia powietrza. W artykule opisano proces dyspersji zanieczyszczeń w atmosferze ziemskiej oraz zasady monitoringu powietrza w aglomeracji krakowskiej. Do opracowania posłużono się danymi pomiarowymi z 2022 r. z dziesięciu stacji monitoringu Głównego Inspektoratu Ochrony Środowiska, znajdujących się na terenie aglomeracji krakowskiej, gdzie wytypowano dwa epizody zwiększonego stopnia zanieczyszczenia pyłami zawieszonymi PM10. Bazując na oprogramowaniu HYSPLIT, który wykorzystuje wsteczne trajektorie powietrza, przeprowadzono symulację napływu zanieczyszczeń transgranicznych. Następnie analizując system informacji o pożarach FIRMS, podjęto się próby udokumentowania, iż uwzględnione źródła zanieczyszczeń miały pochodzenie naturalne, a działalność człowieka w żaden sposób nie decydowała o emisji i jej wielkości.

Źródło:

Inżynieria Mineralna; 2023, 1; 161-167
1640-4920

Pojawia się w:

Inżynieria Mineralna

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 38.

Tytuł:

Problemy zagrożeń środowiskowych i sposobów prawidłowego ich pomiaru
Problems of environmental hazards and methods of their correct measurement

Autorzy:

Miedziński, B.
Habrych, M.
Dzierżanowski, W.
Shoffa, V.

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/186452.pdf

Data publikacji:

2009

Wydawca:

Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Technik Innowacyjnych EMAG

Tematy:

zagrożenia środowiska
zanieczyszczenie powietrza Województwa Dolnośląskiego
air pollution the Lower Silesian District
environmental hazard

Opis:

W artykule zestawiono zbiór przepisów prawnych zawierających wartości normatywne niektórych substancji i czynników fizycznych występujących w środowisku i na stanowiskach pracy. Pokazano stan zagrożenia środowiska na przykładzie monitoringu jakości powietrza Województwa Dolnośląskiego.
In the paper there have been drawn up the rules of law containing standard values of some substances and physical factors occurring in the environment and at work-stands. A quality monitoring of the air in the Lower Silesian District has been shown as an example of a state of emergency in the environment.

Źródło:

Mechanizacja i Automatyzacja Górnictwa; 2009, R. 47, nr 7, 7; 29-33
0208-7448

Pojawia się w:

Mechanizacja i Automatyzacja Górnictwa

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 39.

Tytuł:

BMD bio - fuel for diesel engines

Autorzy:

Sitnik, L.
Malinowski, A.
Matuszewska, A.
Biedrzycki, J.

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/247980.pdf

Data publikacji:

2012

Wydawca:

Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych

Tematy:

road transport
biobutanol
rapeseed oil (RO)
bio-fuel
combustion engines
air pollution
environmental protection

Opis:

The paper regards the use of bio-blends consisting of vegetable oil and higher alcohol (biobutanol) as a new component of diesel fuels. The use of rapeseed oil as one of the components eliminates the need energy-intensive conversion rapeseed oil to FAME. The use of higher alcohol, such as a butanol obtained directly from biomass is in accordance with requirements of the EU on the promotion of renewable energy resources. Experiments on chassis dynamometer with fuels containing 20% by volume bio-blend (BM) and 80% of diesel fuels (D) were performed. Main parameters of engine (power output, torque, specific fuel consumption) and the main exhaust gas components (THC, CO, NOx and PM) showed very promising results. The properties of different alcohols and engine fuels, properties of investigated fuels, examples of investigations results on the car test chassis bed by NEDC test load and by fuelling the engine with investigated bmd20 and standard diesel fuel, relatives change of pollutants emission and fuel consumption by fuelling the car engine with BMD20 and Diesel fuel, the differences in emission and fuel consumption during fuelling the car engine with BMD20 and Diesel fuel recorded during the test bed investigation of the car, relatives change of pollutants emission and fuel consumption during engine fuelling with BMD20 and Diesel fuel are presented in the paper.

Źródło:

Journal of KONES; 2012, 19, 1; 365-370
1231-4005
2354-0133

Pojawia się w:

Journal of KONES

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 40.

Tytuł:

Monitoring of Air Pollution in the Area Affected by the Storage of Primary Oil Refining Waste

Autorzy:

Strizhenok, Alexey V.
Ivanov, Andrey V.

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1839556.pdf

Data publikacji:

2021

Wydawca:

Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej

Tematy:

environment
oil
oil sludge
sludge pond
air pollution
dispersion of pollutants
atmosphere
environmental mapping

Opis:

At present, monitoring of air pollution near industrial facilities is one of the most urgent tasks. Its implementation is a requirement of Article 42 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation and the basis for the ecological well-being of the population. This problem is especially critical for the production facilities located within residential areas or in close proximity to them. The scientific article presents the results of a monitoring study of the air pollution in a residential area exposed to the negative impact of the storage of primary oil refining waste. Within the frames of the scientific research, the analysis of the stock materials of the enterprise was conducted; field observation was performed on the territory of the considered enterprise and the construction of ecological cartographic models was carried out, reflecting the level of the air pollution in the territory under consideration. The study also carried out a literary review and presented a list of the main existing technologies for the utilization of oil sludge to improve the quality of the air in the region under consideration.

Źródło:

Journal of Ecological Engineering; 2021, 22, 1; 60-67
2299-8993

Pojawia się w:

Journal of Ecological Engineering

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 41.

Tytuł:

Protecting the right to clean air through criminal law: a perspective from economic law analysis and the case of Poland

Autorzy:

Podhalicz, Mateusz

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1595851.pdf

Data publikacji:

2020

Wydawca:

Uniwersytet Szczeciński. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Szczecińskiego

Tematy:

air pollution
efficiency of environmental criminal law
right to a clean environment
economic law analysis

Opis:

The aim of this paper is to examine whether Polish criminal law efficiently criminalises acts that harm air quality (most notably emissions of toxins to the air through, among others, the improper processing of waste). The relevance of this research stems from the notorious fact that air-quality in Poland is one of the worst in Europe, and it is no secret that this situation is caused largely by private actors infringing on rules concerning the emissions of toxins into the environment. As the author establishes through legal analysis, the collection of empirical data, and on the basis of an economic-law-analysis crime model, Polish criminal law fails thoroughly when it comes to combatting this phenomenon. Relating the current legal regu- lations and, most importantly, their employment in practice to the prerequisites of effective crime policy (as envisaged by G. Becker), it is doubtless that for the poor air-quality in Poland to change, the state should aim at reaching a better detection rate when it comes to environ- mental crimes, as well as inflicting more severe penalties on the perpetrators of those crimes. This, coupled with proper educational campaigns directed at citizens and law enforcement authorities at large, should bring about higher levels of deterrence when it comes to these crimes, and by extension, enhance air quality in Poland.

Źródło:

Acta Iuris Stetinensis; 2020, 29, 1; 147-164
2083-4373
2545-3181

Pojawia się w:

Acta Iuris Stetinensis

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 42.

Tytuł:

Analysis concerning possibilities of adjustability of cruise ferries and Ro-Ro vessels operating on the Baltic Sea to the requirements of Annex VI of the MARPOL convention

Autorzy:

Giernalczyk, M.
Wojciechowski, P.

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/247480.pdf

Data publikacji:

2016

Wydawca:

Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych

Tematy:

cruise ferry
ro-ro vessel
toxic compounds
carbon dioxide
air pollution
environmental protection
fuel-water emulsion

Opis:

The goal of the paper is to focus on the problem of emission of harmful compounds e.g. NOx, SOx and CO2 from seagoing ships to environment. The VI Amendment to MARPOL Convention concerning prevention against air pollution by seagoing ships, brought into practice in May 19th 2005, forced ship owners to use means for reduction of environment harmful substances emission to atmosphere. They may comprise construction and operating methods. Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI) is one of the tools enabling implementation of the above-mentioned regulations, compulsory to all new design and build ships. However, for units already in operation, the problem requires a different approach. The article presents various methods of reduction of toxic substances and CO2 by seagoing vessels in order to adapt to the requirements of the Convention and other legal regulations in this regard. As an example, the analysis has been presented concerning possibilities of adjustability of cruise ferries and Ro-Ro vessels operating on the Baltic Sea to the requirements of Annex VI of the MARPOL Convention. Some possible solutions have been shown focusing on selection of system of combustion of hydro-fuel emulsion in main drive engine. Article contains description of introducing water to the combustion chamber methods and water influence on the combustion process.

Źródło:

Journal of KONES; 2016, 23, 3; 143-150
1231-4005
2354-0133

Pojawia się w:

Journal of KONES

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 43.

Tytuł:

Continuous descent approach : noise test for Warsaw international airport

Autorzy:

Gągorowski, A.

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/247891.pdf

Data publikacji:

2012

Wydawca:

Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych

Tematy:

Continuous Descent Approach
CDA concept
aircraft type
air transport
demonstration test
noise pollution
noise environmental protection

Opis:

The noise generated by aircraft during departure and arrival flight operations continues to be significant problem at most major airports. Environmental impacts due to aviation operations in the vicinity of airports have become a serious concern to the community. A variety of techniques can be employed to reduce the noise impacts of aircraft. Continuous Descent Approach (CDA) is the new promising technique, which can significantly reduce noise impact by keeping aircraft higher and at lower engine thrust for longer by eliminating the level segments in conventional "step down" approaches. These procedures (implemented in different ways) are fixed routes that are vertically optimized. With the changing traffic, conditions and variable noise abatement rules the benefits of CDA operations are not yet fully realized. Actually, at many airports, CDA techniques are implemented for environmental improvements. This article presents the concept of optimized CDA. The modified flight procedure has been shown in measurement and analysis for Warsaw International Airport example. In this demonstration test, the procedure was shown to reduce the A-weighted noise level for the selected location along the flight path for different aircraft. Depending on aircraft type, the noise benefit from a CDA compared to a conventional approach was up to about 9.5 decibels (this change is noticeable to the human ear). Measurements have shown that Continuous Descent Approach have the potential for significant environmental benefits including reductions in noise.

Źródło:

Journal of KONES; 2012, 19, 2; 167-174
1231-4005
2354-0133

Pojawia się w:

Journal of KONES

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 44.

Tytuł:

The conception of decision support system for assessment and management of ambient air quality

Autorzy:

Kobus, D.
Skotak, K.

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/94937.pdf

Data publikacji:

2012

Wydawca:

Szkoła Główna Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie. Wydawnictwo Szkoły Głównej Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie

Tematy:

decision support systems
air quality assessment
environmental management
air pollution control
system wspomagania decyzji
zarządzanie środowiskowe
kontrola zanieczyszczeń
ocena jakości powietrza

Opis:

Assessment and management of ambient air quality is carried out in Poland at local, regional and national level. A variety of informatics tools is increasingly being used in various areas of this issue. The paper presents the preliminary conception of an integrated system for supporting decisions undertaken by various institutions. It presents the legal, organizational and technical conditions governing this type of processes in Poland and potential users of the system, its functions, anticipated sources of the processed data and information. It has an indication of the possible technological solutions, including the potential tools and modules included in the proposed system.

Źródło:

Information Systems in Management; 2012, 1, 4; 305-317
2084-5537
2544-1728

Pojawia się w:

Information Systems in Management

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 45.

Tytuł:

Badania symulacyjne i eksperymentalne utleniającego reaktora katalitycznego systemu filtra cząstek stałych w programie AVL Boost
AVL Boost simulation and experimental investigations of oxidizing catalytic reactor from diesel particle filter system

Autorzy:

Kruczyński, S.
Kamela, W.
Duniec, K.

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/395493.pdf

Data publikacji:

2012

Wydawca:

Stowarzyszenie Inżynierów i Techników Mechaników Polskich

Tematy:

silniki spalinowe
reaktory katalityczne
reaktory utleniające
badania symulacyjne
combustion engines
catalytic reactors
simulation
air pollution
environmental protection

Opis:

W pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań symulacyjnych i eksperymentalnych utleniającego reaktora katalitycznego stosowanego w systemie filtra cząstek stałych silnika o zapłonie samoczynnym GM MultiJet 1,3 w aspekcie oceny zgodności obliczeń symulacyjnych z wynikami eksperymentalnymi. W pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań symulacyjnych wykonanych przy użyciu programu obliczeniowego AVL Boost oraz wyniki badań eksperymentalnych prowadzonych na rzeczywistym silniku spalinowym o zapłonie samoczynnym. W artykule przedstawiono kinetykę reakcji chemicznych wykorzystywanych przez program symulacyjny do obliczeń poziomów konwersji CO, HC oraz udziału NO i NO2 w NOX. Jako dane wejściowe do obliczeń symulacyjnych wykorzystano rzeczywiste wartości stężeń związków toksycznych spalin silnika. Analiza przeprowadzona została dla wybranych punktów pracy silnika przy stałej prędkości obrotowej. Przedstawione w pracy wyniki wykazały, że algorytm obliczeniowy programu symulacyjnego pozwala uzyskać zbieżne z wynikami eksperymentalnymi poziomy konwersji CO i HC. Jednocześnie zaobserwowano pewną rozbieżności uzyskanych wyników udziałów NO i NO2 w NOX.
Article contains results of simulations and experimental investigations of oxidizing catalytic reactor from diesel particle filter system used in 1,3 MultiJet GM Diesel engine. Investigations were done to compare conformity of simulations and experimental results. Simulations were done under program for simulation calculations AVL Boost and experimental result were taken from investigations carried on Diesel engine. Chemical reactions and reactions kinetics on which calculations of CO, HC conversion levels and NO and NO2 participation in NOX were based on are specified in this paper. As the input data for simulation calculations the actual values of toxic species concentrations in exhaust gases at the outlet of diesel engine were used. Measurements of toxic species were made in chosen engine steady state work points. Results presented in this paper have shown that calculations algorithm in AVL Boost program allows to achieve CO and HC conversion levels that are convergent with experimental results. Simultaneously some differences were observed in results of NO and NO2 participation in NOX.

Źródło:

Postępy Nauki i Techniki; 2012, 15; 76-83
2080-4075

Pojawia się w:

Postępy Nauki i Techniki

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 46.

Tytuł:

The impact of northern Adriatic ports container throughput on air quality environmental parameters

Autorzy:

Vilke, Siniša
Tadić, Frane
Ćelić, Jasmin
Debelić, Borna

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/24202550.pdf

Data publikacji:

2022

Wydawca:

Akademia Morska w Szczecinie. Wydawnictwo AMSz

Tematy:

air quality parameters
container terminal
environmental parameters
maritime transport
portcity pollution
northern Adriatic ports
Port of Rijeka

Opis:

This paper seeks to highlight the impact of the increasing container throughput in northern Adriatic ports on air quality. A comparative analysis of air quality is given, which consist of certain environmental parameters at selected measuring stations near the container terminals of the northern Adriatic ports Rijeka, Trieste, Koper, and Venice. The parameters were analyzed based on a limited amount of air quality monitoring data for the port areas. As the port transport sector increases pollutant emissions, the results of these analyzes can also be used to take appropriate measures to reduce these particulate matter emissions. The aim of this paper is to determine the impact of increasing the container throughput within the ports of the northern Adriatic Sea on air quality, based on certain environmental parameters related to the shipping or delivery of containers by road. The results of the research, based on available data, have shown that the increase in container throughput of the northern Adriatic ports has not decreased the air quality of urban areas of the respective port cities. The air quality value of the northern Adriatic ports is substantially below the limits set by the EU Air Quality Directive (2008/50), thus it does not affect the health of the inhabitants of the analyzed cities.

Źródło:

Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie; 2022, 71 (143); 123--131
1733-8670
2392-0378

Pojawia się w:

Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 47.

Tytuł:

Analysis of influence of legal requirements on the design of electronic ignition system for aviation piston engine

Autorzy:

Czarnigowski, J.
Jakliński, P.

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/243959.pdf

Data publikacji:

2017

Wydawca:

Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych

Tematy:

transport
road transport
simulation
combustion engine
air pollution
environmental protection
transport drogowy
symulacja
silnik spalinowy
zanieczyszczenie powietrza
ochrona środowiska

Opis:

The article is a review of European aviation regulations with respect to their impact on the design of a new electronic ignition system for aircraft engines. The analysis covers the EASA decision on certification specifications as well as recommended means of compliance and related standards on testing and designing electronic subassemblies and their programming. The analysis focuses on the following aspects: design requirements (system configuration), functional requirements (principles of operation), safety (fault tolerance), material requirements (with regard to corrosion and fire resistance of electronic components) and scope of tests for particular component. The analysis is illustrated by a case of a research and development project to design and implement an ignition system for a piston engine. The engine with its new ignition system was to be offered commercially as a product of a Polish aircraft engine manufacturer. The article is a review of European aviation regulations with respect to their impact on the design of a new electronic ignition system for aircraft engines. The analysis covers the EASA decision on certification specifications and their programming. It is illustrated by a case of a particular engine re-engineering project.

Źródło:

Journal of KONES; 2017, 24, 1; 91-100
1231-4005
2354-0133

Pojawia się w:

Journal of KONES

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 48.

Tytuł:

PN-emissions with increased lube oil consumption of GDI car with/without GPF

Autorzy:

Czerwinski, J.
Comte, P.
Güdel, M.
Kurzwart, M.
Mayer, A.

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/245468.pdf

Data publikacji:

2017

Wydawca:

Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych

Tematy:

PN-emissions
road transport
combustion engine
air pollution
environmental protection
normy emisji
transport drogowy
silnik spalinowy
zanieczyszczenie powietrza
ochrona środowiska

Opis:

The particle number (PN) emissions are increasingly considered in the progressing exhaust gas legislation for onand off- road vehicles. The invisible nanoparticles penetrate like a gas into the living organisms and cause several health hazards. The present paper shows how the PN- and gaseous emissions of a modern GDI (Abbreviations see at the end of this paper) vehicle change, when there is an in-creased lube oil consumption. What are the potentials of a gasoline particle filter to reduce the emissions? The lube oil consumption was simulated by mixing 2% vol. lube oil into the fuel. A non-coated GPF was mounted at tailpipe, so only the filtration effects were indicated. The tests were performed at transient (WLTC) and at stationary (SSC) operating conditions. It has been shown that the increased lube oil consumption significantly increases the PN-emissions and the applied high quality GPF eliminates these emissions very efficiently.

Źródło:

Journal of KONES; 2017, 24, 1; 102-112
1231-4005
2354-0133

Pojawia się w:

Journal of KONES

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 49.

Tytuł:

Effects of catalysts on emissions of pollutants from combustion processes of liquid fuels
Wpływ katalizatorów na emisję zanieczyszczeń z procesów spalania paliw ciekłych

Autorzy:

Bok, A.
Guziałowska-Tic, J.
Tic, W. J.

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/396265.pdf

Data publikacji:

2014

Wydawca:

Uniwersytet Zielonogórski. Oficyna Wydawnicza

Tematy:

air pollution
environmental protection
emission of pollutants
metallic catalyst
particulate matter
soot
zanieczyszczenia powietrza
ochrona środowiska
emisja zanieczyszczeń
katalizator
pyły
sadza

Opis:

The dynamic growth of the use of non-renewable fuels for energy purposes results in demand for catalysts to improve their combustion process. The paper describes catalysts used mainly in the processes of combustion of motor fuels and fuel oils. These catalysts make it possible to raise the efficiency of oxidation processes simultanously reducing the emission of pollutants. The key to success is the selection of catalyst compounds that will reduce harmful emissions of combustion products into the atmosphere. Catalysts are introduced into the combustion zone in form of solutions miscible with fuel or with air supplied to the combustion process. The following compounds soluble in fuel are inclused in the composition of the described catalysts: organometallic complexes, manganese compounds, salts originated from organic acids, ferrocen and its derivatives and sodium chloride and magnesium chloride responsible for burning the soot (chlorides). The priority is to minimize emissions of volatile organic compounds, nitrogen oxides, sulphur oxides, and carbon monoxide, as well as particulate matter.
Dynamiczny wzrost stosowania paliw nieodnawialnych dla celów energetycznych powoduje zapotrzebowanie na katalizatory poprawiające proces ich spalania. W pracy omówiono katalizatory stosowane głównie w procesach spalania paliw silnikowych i olejów opałowych. Katalizatory te pozwalają na podniesienie efektywności procesów utleniania powodując tym samym redukcję emisji zanieczyszczeń. Kluczem do sukcesu jest taki dobór składników katalizatora, który zapewni ograniczenie emisji szkodliwych produktów spalania do atmosfery. Katalizatory wprowadzane są do strefy spalania jako roztwory mieszające się z paliwem, lub do powietrza dostarczanego do procesu spalania. W skład omawianych katalizatorów wchodzą rozpuszczalne w paliwie: kompleksy metaloorganiczne, związki manganu, sole kwasów organicznych, ferrocen i jego pochodne oraz chlorek sodu i chlorek magnezu odpowiedzialne za spalanie sadzy. Priorytetem jest minimalizacja emisji lotnych związków organicznych, tlenków azotu, tlenków siarki i tlenku węgla oraz cząstek stałych.

Źródło:

Civil and Environmental Engineering Reports; 2014, 13; 5-17
2080-5187
2450-8594

Pojawia się w:

Civil and Environmental Engineering Reports

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 50.

Tytuł:

The Sound of Silence, (Un)Achievable? – Under What Conditions Could an Airport Operator Be Held Liable for Noise Pollution?

Autorzy:

Berus, Matylda

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/32062607.pdf

Data publikacji:

2023

Wydawca:

Uczelnia Łazarskiego. Oficyna Wydawnicza

Tematy:

air law
liability of the airport operator
noise pollution
environmental law
prawo lotnicze
odpowiedzialność operatora lotniska
prawo ochrony środowiska
zanieczyszczenie hałasem

Opis:

This paper aims to determine under what conditions an airport operator could be held liable for noise pollution. The author reviews the general notions of noise pollution and airport liability and discusses how these two elements interconnect using case-law examples from the US, Germany and Poland. The main conclusion of these deliberations is that airport liability for noise pollution is not only dependent on domestic law but also the country’s attitude towards the issue at hand, including how it perceives the values of economic development of air transport and human well-being.
Celem artykułu jest ustalenie, na jakich warunkach operator lotniska może zostać pociągnięty do odpowiedzialności cywilnej za zanieczyszczenie hałasem. Autorka omawia ogólne pojęcia zanieczyszczenia hałasem oraz odpowiedzialności operatora lotniska oraz bada jak te dwa zjawiska wzajemnie na siebie oddziałują, posługując się orzecznictwem ze Stanów Zjednoczonych, Niemiec oraz Polski. Głównym wnioskiem rozważań jest obserwacja, iż odpowiedzialność operatora lotniska za zanieczyszczenie dźwiękiem zależy nie tylko od prawa krajowego, ale także od indywidualnego podejścia danego kraju, do m.in. rozwoju ekonomicznego transportu lotniczego oraz dobrostanu człowieka.

Źródło:

Veritas Iuris; 2023, 6, 2; 61-74
2657-8190

Pojawia się w:

Veritas Iuris

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 51.

Tytuł:

Wpływ dużej spalarni odpadów przemysłowych i niebezpiecznych na jakość powietrza
Impact of a large industrial and hazardous waste incinerator on air quality

Autorzy:

Oleniacz, R.
Rusztowicz, L.

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/385552.pdf

Data publikacji:

2007

Wydawca:

Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie. Wydawnictwo AGH

Tematy:

spalanie odpadów
odpady przemysłowe
odpady niebezpieczne
zanieczyszczenie powietrza
emisje
wpływ na środowisko
waste incineration
industrial wastes
hazardous wastes
air pollution
emissions
environmental impact

Opis:

Spalanie odpadów wiąże się z nieuniknioną emisją zanieczyszczeń do atmosfery, a tym samym negatywnym oddziaływaniem na jakość powietrza. Skala tego oddziaływania jest jednak często wyolbrzymiana. W pracy przedstawiono wyniki obliczeń rozprzestrzeniania się zanieczyszczeń w atmosferze przeprowadzonych dla jednej z największych spalarni odpadów przemysłowych funkcjonujących w Polsce (o zdolności przerobowej 3 tony na godzinę), w której w znacznych ilościach przekształcane są termicznie odpady niebezpieczne. Wyniki te potwierdzają fakt, że spalarnia spełniająca wymogi najlepszych dostępnych technik (BAT), określone dla spalania odpadów niebezpiecznych, w małym stopniu wpływa na zanieczyszczenie powietrza. Jest to głównie efektem wysokiej skuteczności oczyszczania gazów odlotowych i występowania emisji substancji zanieczyszczających na bardzo niskim poziomie (dużo poniżej obowiązujących standardów emisyjnych).
Waste incineration causes unavoidable pollutant emissions to atmosphere and thus negative impact on air quality, but scale of the influence is often exaggerated. In the paper computation results of the atmospheric dispersion of pollutants were presented for one of the largest industrial waste incineration plant existing in Poland (incinerator capacity: 3 ton per hour) where hazardous wastes are thermal treated in significant amount. The results confirm the fact that the waste incineration plant meeting best available techniques (BAT) requirements determined for hazardous waste incineration influence on air quality to a small extent. This effect is caused mainly by high efficiency of the flue gas treatment and very low air pollutant emissions (far less then the forced emission limits).

Źródło:

Geomatics and Environmental Engineering; 2007, 1, 1; 83-92
1898-1135

Pojawia się w:

Geomatics and Environmental Engineering

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 52.

Tytuł:

Development measures to enhance the ecological safety of ships and reduce operational pollution to the environment

Autorzy:

Melnyk, Oleksiy
Onyshchenko, Svitlana
Onishchenko, Oleg

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/27311341.pdf

Data publikacji:

2023

Wydawca:

Politechnika Śląska. Wydawnictwo Politechniki Śląskiej

Tematy:

environmental safety
freight transportation
pollution prevention
ship operation cycle
marine ecosystem
MARPOL
air pollution
water pollution
shipping management
bezpieczeństwo środowiska
transport towarów
zapobieganie zanieczyszczeniom
cykl eksploatacji statku
ekosystem morski
zanieczyszczenie powietrza
zanieczyszczenie wody
zarządzanie żeglugą morską

Opis:

Reduction of ecological risks of shipping is a challenging task that requires methods of legislative and regulatory control, organizational measures, and technical and technological support. Furthermore, the matter concerns not only the reduction of possible risks but also the level of existing impact on the marine environment because of exhaust gas emissions by ships, discharge of waste and ballast water, as well as control of ecological consequences of accidents. The purpose of this study is to analyse possible sources of environmental impact during ship operation cycles, identify significant risks, review existing potentials to reduce the risk of ship accidents and their environmental consequences, and develop solutions to existing problems. This study offers results, which can serve as the initial basis for the formation of comprehensive measures on the reduction of environmental risks, and consequences of possible accidents for the environment caused by ships and international shipping.

Źródło:

Zeszyty Naukowe. Transport / Politechnika Śląska; 2023, 118; 195--206
0209-3324
2450-1549

Pojawia się w:

Zeszyty Naukowe. Transport / Politechnika Śląska

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 53.

Tytuł:

Research on air pollutant emissions from transport sources in Pila

Autorzy:

Gorzelańczyk, Piotr
Wojtasik, Maja

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2134866.pdf

Data publikacji:

2021

Wydawca:

Politechnika Śląska. Wydawnictwo Politechniki Śląskiej

Tematy:

air pollution
transport
exhaust gas emissions
transport source
environmental protection
smog
internal combustion engines
zanieczyszczenie powietrza
emisja gazów spalinowych
źródło transportu
ochrona środowiska
silniki spalinowe

Opis:

This article aims to examine the emission of pollutants utilising transport in different points of the city in question at two different intervals, then show whether the means of transport negatively affects the city through pollution. The study of air pollutant emissions from transport sources is a key aspect towards solving problems related to environmental pollution. A study on the measurements of selected PM10 and PM2.5 pollutants to be able to determine the quality of air from transport sources in Pila at different times of the year and with appropriate assumptions regarding the appropriate distance by the road is included in this article. This study analysed data on air pollutants and compared it with the results of the Chief Inspectorate for Environmental Protection. This made it possible to propose solutions for the development of the air condition in Pila.

Źródło:

Zeszyty Naukowe. Transport / Politechnika Śląska; 2021, 111; 57--74
0209-3324
2450-1549

Pojawia się w:

Zeszyty Naukowe. Transport / Politechnika Śląska

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 54.

Tytuł:

Impact of Road Transport on Air Pollution in EU Countries
Wpływ transportu drogowego na zanieczyszczenie powietrza w krajach UE

Autorzy:

Ochnio, Luiza
Koszela, Grzegorz
Rokicki, Tomasz

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1811647.pdf

Data publikacji:

2020

Wydawca:

Politechnika Koszalińska. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane

Tematy:

road transport
transport infrastructure
air pollution
EU
environmental Kuznets curve
multidimensional data analysis
transport drogowy
infrastruktura transportowa
zanieczyszczenie powietrza
UE
środowiskowa krzywa Kuznetsa
wielowymiarowa analiza danych

Opis:

The main purpose of the work is to show the level of air pollution emitted by road transport and its relationship with economic development and transport infrastructure in European Union countries. The study presents the diversity in emissions of road transport by countries, shows the dynamics of changes in this area, determines the relationships between the level of economic development, equipping with road infrastructure and emissions of air pollution in EU countries. The research period concerned the years 2006-2017. The sources of data was EUROSTAT database. The ranking built by means of multidimensional data analysis tools indicated Portugal and Luxembourg as countries with relatively high emissions of air pollutants (group 3), countries with moderate emissions are Bulgaria, Malta, Cyprus and Sweden (group 2). Analysis of data on the rate of change in emissions and the volume of GDP in EU countries also indicates compliance with the Kuznets environmental curve.
Celem głównym pracy było porównanie poziomu zanieczyszczenia powietrza emitowanego przez transport drogowy i jego związku z rozwojem gospodarczym i infrastrukturą transportową w krajach Unii Europejskiej w latach 2006-2017. W pracy przedstawiono zróżnicowanie w emisji zanieczyszczeń przez transport drogowy w krajach UE, ukazano dynamikę zmian w tym zakresie, określono związki i między poziomem rozwoju gospodarczego, wyposażeniem w infrastrukturę drogową, a emisją zanieczyszczeń powietrza. Dane pochodziły z baz i raportów EUROSTAT. Zbudowany za pomocą metod wielowymiarowej analizy danych ranking szeregujący Państwa pod względem emisji związków do atmosfery pochodzących z transportu i uwzględniając infrastrukturę drogową oraz powierzchnię kraju, wskazał na Portugalię i Luksemburg jako kraje o stosunkowo dużej emisji (grupa 3), kraje o umiarkowanej emisji to Bułgaria, Malta, Cypr oraz Szwecja (grupa 2). Analiza tempa zmian emisji zanieczyszczeń do powietrza oraz wielkości PKB w krajach Unii wskazuje także na zgodność ze środowiskową krzywą Kuznetsa.

Źródło:

Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska; 2020, Tom 22, cz. 2; 1058-1073
1506-218X

Pojawia się w:

Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 55.

Tytuł:

Application the optimization models to analysis of the industrial pollutant emission in China

Autorzy:

Zhang, Z.
Liu, G.-D.
Guo, H.
Liu, L.
Deng, S.-H.

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/950041.pdf

Data publikacji:

2013

Wydawca:

Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej

Tematy:

industrial emissions
air pollution
mathematical models
sulfur dioxide
air pollutant emission
environmental indicators
industrial pollutants
smoke emission
emisja przemysłowa
zanieczyszczenie powietrza
model matematyczny
dwutlenek siarki
ditlenek siarki
emisja zanieczyszczeń powietrza
wskaźniki środowiskowe
zanieczyszczenia przemysłowe
emisja dymu

Opis:

An industrial planning is made based on the optimization model. Factor analysis was used to reject relativity among the environmental indicators. Then, thirty nine industries were clustered into four clusters. Lastly, optimization model was used to plan the industrial structure. Adjusting the industrial structure, it is difficult to reduce vast SO2, smoke, and dust with total industrial output value growth; the air pollutant emission only can be decreased by 10%. The parameters of smoke emission are limited constrains for the optimization. The reasonable and feasible way to solve the problem is to introduce the lower smoke emission technique of the cluster 2 and 4 industries.

Źródło:

Environment Protection Engineering; 2013, 39, 1; 87-99
0324-8828

Pojawia się w:

Environment Protection Engineering

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 56.

Tytuł:

Multirotor platform with sensory head for measurement of selected air parameters

Autorzy:

Jabłoński, K.
Czyba, R.
Grychowski, T.
Wiora, J.
Janik, M.
Łomnicka, N.
Galeja, M.

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/245005.pdf

Data publikacji:

2017

Wydawca:

Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych

Tematy:

unmanned aerial vehicle
pollution measurement
on-line air monitoring
environmental monitoring
embedded gas sensing system
bezzałogowy statek powietrzny
pomiar zanieczyszczenia
monitoring powietrza on-line
monitoring środowiska
wbudowany system wykrywania gazu

Opis:

In this article, a project of an unmanned aerial system designed for monitoring of air pollution is presented. The system consists of an autonomous unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) equipped with a measurement head with sensors of chemical and physical properties of atmospheric air, and a ground control station arranged to store and display the collected data. The head contains modern sensors selective to the most important components of air in view of environmental pollution. Measurement data are acquired locally as well as transmitted wirelessly to a ground station. The UAV can be programmed to a particular measurement missions. The ground station dispose of a software for flight control and for visualisation of measurement results on-line. In this paper, an architecture of the entire system, a data processing performing by each subsystem, and communication methods between them are presented. This paper also includes a specification of sensors with their principles of operation, description of their metrological properties and the way, in which they are implemented in the designed electrical circuits. Results of preliminary tests in a laboratory and in a field, during a short flight, are also presented.

Źródło:

Journal of KONES; 2017, 24, 1; 179-187
1231-4005
2354-0133

Pojawia się w:

Journal of KONES

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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