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    Wyświetlanie 1-53 z 53
    Tytuł:
    Ekonomia personalistyczna jako próba integracji etyki i ekonomii na gruncie idei osoby
    Personalist Economics as an Attempt to Integrate Ethics and Economics on the Basis of the Idea of a Person
    Autorzy:
    Drobny, Paweł
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/965200.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016-09
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
    Tematy:
    personalist economics
    ethics
    economics
    A13
    Z12
    Opis:
    The aim of the paper is an attempt to show that the personalist economy – by referring to the idea of a person, containing and expressing all the dimensions of being human in relation to the world of people and things – provides the ability to integrate issues of ethics and economics. To achieve this goal, first, the concept of personalist economics will be presented. Then, ideas common for economics and the ethics of space, which can be a basis for integrating their issues, will be identified and characterized. Finally, the author tries to present the consequences which may result from such an integration, both for the economy as a science and as a practice of everyday life.
    Źródło:
    Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym; 2016, 19, 3
    1899-2226
    2353-4869
    Pojawia się w:
    Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Identyfikacje pojęcia sprawiedliwości społecznej
    Identifications of the Notion of Social Justice
    Autorzy:
    Stoiński, Andrzej
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/965178.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016-09-15
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
    Tematy:
    ethics
    Antonio Rosmini
    social justice
    distributive justice
    A13
    Opis:
    In the 1840’s due to Luigi Taparelli and Antonio Rosmini emerged the term of “social justice”. From this time, its meaning has developed in many ways. The paper brings up some applications of the notion. In the literature of the subject one can find numerous identities of “social justice”. The article focuses on the identity of this term with justice framed as: legal, distributive, commutative, penal, and restorative. Some of these concepts assumes and requires existence of some kind of social persons. By briefly analysing those notions the author tries to show the specificity of particular types of meanings assigned to the social justice.
    Źródło:
    Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym; 2016, 19, 3
    1899-2226
    2353-4869
    Pojawia się w:
    Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Myśl ekonomiczna kalwinizmu
    The Economic Thought of Calvinism
    Autorzy:
    Chmielewska, Justyna
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/965201.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016-09
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
    Tematy:
    Calvinism
    work
    economy
    nature
    grace
    A13
    Z12
    Opis:
    The aim of the paper is to present the economic thoughts of John Calvin and his followers, referring to current issues, such as money lending, usury, or work. The latter, according to the famous thesis of Max Weber, received spiritual value by acting as a bridge between God's will and daily life. The hypothesis of this article differs somewhat from this conviction, assuming that the main economic elements of Calvinist thought have been the consequence of the release of temporal realities from the influence of the direct action of God, according to the protestant theology of the radical separation of nature and grace. Initiated by Protestantism, the dichotomy of nature and grace seems to have important consequences for economic thought. The salvific dimension of human fate remained in the hands of God, he depends entirely on its favour in connection with the dogma of predestination. In the earthly life, a human being was treated as a part of nature, his survival depended on skill and determination. in the struggle with nature, devoid of the grace of God, ruled by the law of necessity. Survival and a better life depended primarily on human labour and effort. The flourishing of economic life has resulted not only from the ethical role of work, but also from the fact that it was no longer inhibited by religious restrictions. Thus, modern man was born, more and more aware of his subjectivity, subordinating nature to himself building the human world in place of the natural world. Building a modern society and economy is part of the Protestant ethos of mastering nature.
    Źródło:
    Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym; 2016, 19, 3
    1899-2226
    2353-4869
    Pojawia się w:
    Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Kategoria moral capital w etyce społeczno-gospodarczej
    The Concept of Moral Capital in the Social-Economic Ethics
    Autorzy:
    Wódka, Marek
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/965182.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016-09-15
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
    Tematy:
    human capital
    moral capital
    social-economical ethics
    A13
    Z12
    Z13
    Opis:
    The theory of human capital is a vital common point of economics and social-economic ethics. In the economic literature there are two accounts of human capital. In the first account, the human capital is the human himself, as a creator of goods and services (A. Smith, J.S. Mill, T.W. Schultz). In the other account, the capital consists of the skills, abilities, knowledge, energy and health that the human possesses (D. Begg, J.B. Say, G.S. Becker). In economic ethics, human capital is profoundly analysed in relation to economic growth. However, the growth depends not only on the physical and mental health of businesspersons and employees, their education and professional skills, but also on their moral development. The category of human capital – although it remains quite trendy – gets interpreted in reductionist ways, i.e. in economic dimensions only, whereas the human factor in the economy should be extended to the category of moral capital. These days, the concept of moral capital begins to play a very serious role in the foundations of social sciences. The objectives of this paper are: to compare different theories of human capital, to emphasize the need for a comprehensive account of the subject, and to defend a thesis that moral capital resources support business efficiency.
    Źródło:
    Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym; 2016, 19, 3
    1899-2226
    2353-4869
    Pojawia się w:
    Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Wprowadzenie do problemu ubóstwa w ujęciu Amartyi Kumara Sena. Wymiar etyczny
    Introduction to the Problem of Poverty by Amartya Kumar Sen. The Ethical Dimension
    Autorzy:
    Szymczak, Damian
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/965204.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016-09-15
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
    Tematy:
    poverty
    development
    Amartya Sen
    A13
    B31
    I31
    Opis:
    On the threshold of the 21st century the problem of poverty has not been dealt with yet. The world constantly suffers hunger, and many people have no access to running water or education. This raises fundamental question, which have bothered economy researchers for centuries: What determines the wealth of some countries, and the poverty of others? One of the contemporary researchers analysing the causes of poverty and development barriers is Indian economist Amartya Sen. Referring to the socio-economic theory of Sen, the author indicates that modernity implies the need for reflection on the definition of poverty. The author attempts to justify the thesis which focuses on the dissonance between the evaluation concepts of good and evil with objective economic factors which define poverty. The author claims that the definition of poverty should be grounded in considerations concerning good and evil in a specific time, as well as cultural and historical context.
    Źródło:
    Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym; 2016, 19, 3
    1899-2226
    2353-4869
    Pojawia się w:
    Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Employee Subjectivity as a Key Value in Management
    Autorzy:
    Marek, Agnieszka
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/652653.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
    Tematy:
    employee subjectivity
    personalism
    empowerment
    participative management
    A13
    M54
    Opis:
    People, with their knowledge and potential, are undoubtedly the most important part in any organisation because, thanks to them, it might accomplish its goals, gain a competitive advantage and achieve success on the market. That is why each organisation should hire the most appropriate employees and provide working conditions that enable them to unleash their potential for the company’s benefit. The fundamental value for creating a good work environment is employees’ subjectivity, which can be perceived in two ways. The basic level of honouring a person’s subjectivity is respecting human rights and the employee’s dignity in mutual relations. The higher level, though, is to give people a certain amount of autonomy and responsibility in their workplace. The aim of this paper is to identify and analyse interdisciplinary concepts that managers can use in order to ensure that people are given the respect they deserve.
    Źródło:
    Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym; 2016, 19, 4
    1899-2226
    2353-4869
    Pojawia się w:
    Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The Moral and Political Dimension of Economics The Fact-Value Dichotomy
    Autorzy:
    Almeida, Vasco
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/652691.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
    Tematy:
    economics
    political economy
    fact-value dichotomy
    A13
    B41
    Opis:
    Since the neoclassical school, the separation between facts and values, is and ought, positive and normative, has become a concern in conventional economic analyses. Economics should focus on facts, and present general principles, leaving the choice of various technical alternatives to policy makers. This article addresses the following questions: can economics, seen as a positive science, be separated from the political dimension? Is it possible to separate facts from values or are they necessarily intertwined?After showing how the separation between economics and moral philosophy unfolded throughout the history of economic thought, the article analyses the factvalue dichotomy discussion and concludes that facts and values are necessarily intertwined. Then, the article shows that the premises and theories of conventional economic theories contain hidden values, despite being presented as universal truths on which policies are based, and thus fail to discuss the various perspectives of the problems.Reviving a tradition commenced by Aristotle, the article concludes by arguing that economics is necessarily moral and political. However, the acknowledgement of the normative nature of economics cannot compromise the pursuit of objectivity.
    Źródło:
    Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym; 2016, 19, 4
    1899-2226
    2353-4869
    Pojawia się w:
    Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Etyczne i ekonomiczne aspekty państwa dobrobytu
    Ethical and Economic Aspects of the Welfare State
    Autorzy:
    Przybyciński, Tomasz
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/965180.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016-09-15
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
    Tematy:
    ethics
    welfare state
    subsidiary principle
    A13
    I38
    P46
    Opis:
    A concept of the welfare state is based on the principles of equitable distribution of wealth and equality of opportunity. The state is responsible for the protection and promotion of the economic and social well-being of its citizens. Progressive taxation reduces the income gap between the rich and poor. However, the efforts to put principles of the welfare state into practice produced still unsatisfactory results. It was closely connected with violating the subsidiary principle and eroding the work ethics. That is just why the welfare state failed from the ethical and economic point of view.
    Źródło:
    Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym; 2016, 19, 3
    1899-2226
    2353-4869
    Pojawia się w:
    Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The Phenomenon of Underemployment in Poland
    Autorzy:
    Cymbranowicz, Katarzyna
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/652693.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
    Tematy:
    labour market
    underemployment
    flexicurity
    flexible forms of employment
    A13
    M54
    Opis:
    The labour market is usually associated with phenomena such as unemployment, employment and professional activity/inactivity. The ways in which these categories are shaped depend on various factors of an economic, social and technological nature. It is impossible to disagree with the statement that the contemporary labour market – local, national, and global – is undergoing dynamic changes. In the public debate, the themes of flexicurity, flexible forms of employment, reconciling professional work with private life, and lifelong learning appear more frequently. They cause heated discussions and often also controversies, since their impact on the situation of workers and employers in the labour market is increasing. Observing the trends in the world economy and the global labour market, it can be argued that employment becomes a privilege.Due to the reasons mentioned above, in the paper, issues which relate to ‘incomplete’ employment are discussed. Theoretical considerations are focused on the terminological and methodological problems related to the interpretation of the concept of underemployment both in the Polish and foreign literature. Furthermore, the relationships between the phenomenon of underemployment and the concept of employment flexibility and security are presented, since they are extremely important from the perspective of the contemporary labour market. The theoretical analysis is complemented by a statistical analysis of empirical data that illustrates the current scale of the phenomenon of underemployment in the labour market in Poland compared to other European Union member states (EU-28). The article adopts the research thesis that in Poland there is a problem of ‘incomplete’ employment. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to attempt to identify the scale of this phenomenon on the Polish labour market. Implementation of this objective will be possible thanks to the study of national and foreign literature and a conducted statistical analysis of selected indicators of the labour market in the context of this phenomenon, obtained from the database of the European Statistical Office (Eurostat).
    Źródło:
    Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym; 2016, 19, 4
    1899-2226
    2353-4869
    Pojawia się w:
    Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Duch demokratycznego kapitalizmu Michaela Novaka Jego analiza i ocena w kontekście etyki chrześcijańskiej
    The Spirit of Democratic Capitalism of Michael Novak. An Analysis and Evaluation in the Context of Christian Ethics
    Autorzy:
    Świątkowski, Waldemar
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/965205.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016-09-15
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
    Tematy:
    utilitarianism
    Catholicism
    free market
    pluralism
    truth
    A13
    P10
    Z12
    Opis:
    The paper refers to Michael Novak’s book The Spirit of Democratic Capitalism. In his book Novak advances, among others, the thesis that in the light of the encyclical Laborem Exercens, published by John Paul II (1981), one can speak about some converging elements of Catholic and liberal social thought, e.g.: the creativity of modern labour, which would reflect, however, in the two doctrines the theological symbols of the Creator and His creation. But this paper cools down the enthusiasm of Novak and in six analysed aspects seeks to show that, despite some convergence in the phraseology between “the spirit of democratic capitalism” and “the spirit of Christian ethics”, there extends between them an essential abyss, which is the result of basing each “spirit” on different models of ethics.
    Źródło:
    Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym; 2016, 19, 3
    1899-2226
    2353-4869
    Pojawia się w:
    Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Slovak Creativity Index – A PCA Based Approach
    Autorzy:
    Hudec, Oto
    Klasová, Slávka
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/623791.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016-07-07
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
    Tematy:
    Slovak creativity index
    urbanisation
    principal component analysis
    R11
    C21
    A13
    Opis:
    The article aims at transferring the European Creativity Index (ECI) assessment from the country to regional comparison basis, focusing on the case of Slovakia. The newly created Slovak Creativity Index (SCI) has the power to assess the creativity potential found in the Slovak regions. The Principal Component Analysis has been chosen as an advanced method for establishing a well-designed overall Index and six sub-indices to show differences and variability according to all dimensions of the creative potential. The research also explains several relations between creative performance of the regions by several factors such as urbanisation, cultural environment, human capital and tolerance.
    Źródło:
    European Spatial Research and Policy; 2016, 23, 1
    1231-1952
    1896-1525
    Pojawia się w:
    European Spatial Research and Policy
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Filozoficzne trudności teorii interesariuszy
    Philosophical Difficulties of Stakeholder Theory
    Autorzy:
    Soin, Maciej
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/965198.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016-09-15
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
    Tematy:
    stakeholder theory
    pragmatism
    facts and values
    Freeman
    Rorty
    A13
    L21
    M14
    Opis:
    Philosophical difficulties of stakeholder theory – which plays an important role in CSR and business ethics – are connected first of all with questions of its status and justification. What sense does stakeholder theory have: descriptive, instrumental or normative? And if normative, why then should executives worry about multiple stakeholder demands? It is well known that Freeman, one of the most important authors of stakeholder theory, deliberately disregarded these problems. In philosophical questions he invoked Rorty’s pragmatism, which in his opinion effectively undermined the “positivistic” dichotomy between facts and values, science and ethics, and enabled stakeholder theory to be understood at the same time as both descriptive and normative. The article presents some difficulties connected with this view, focusing on its dubious assumptions and unfavourable consequences. To the assumptions belongs a false dilemma taken from Rorty, which states that knowledge follows either a rule of representation or a rule of solidarity. One of the unfavourable consequences is the conclusion that stakeholder theory may be true only if its followers are able to force the stakeholders to accept its truthfulness. The main thesis of the article says that, as a result of pragmatic justification, stakeholder theory became a sort of arbitrary narration, which is unable to deal with its (empirical) misuses. However, a return to a more traditional view on facts and values enables us to appreciate the descriptive advantages of the theory and to identify difficulties connected with its normative layer. From this point of view, the attempt at a pragmatic interpretation of stakeholder theory was a misunderstanding that should be withdrawn from circulation.
    Źródło:
    Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym; 2016, 19, 3
    1899-2226
    2353-4869
    Pojawia się w:
    Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The Role of Discretion in Professional Practice
    Autorzy:
    Wajszczyk, Piotr
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/652658.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
    Tematy:
    personalistic professionalism in engineering ethics
    discretion
    human decision making
    conscience
    truth
    A13
    D81
    Opis:
    Various scholars of ethics and economics conduct research on the best modes of decision making which guarantee good outcome and moral behaviour of the individuals involved. Either of the modes considered, rules with regulations or discretion and judgment, find applicability in diversified professional circumstances. The paper investigates how discretion can be used in professional activity by using the Aristotelic-Thomistic framework. Results indicate that such a framework can be used by engineers in their working environments and by other working professionals with the main proposition that only in discretionary decision making is the person able to take full responsibility for the outcomes and to premeditate their moral worth in conscience before resolving to commit the act itself.
    Źródło:
    Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym; 2016, 19, 4
    1899-2226
    2353-4869
    Pojawia się w:
    Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    An Interdisciplinary Perspective on the Relationship between Ethics and Today’s Capitalism
    Autorzy:
    Comsa, Petre
    Munteanu, Costea
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/652880.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015-12
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
    Tematy:
    neoclassical economics
    libertarian economics
    natural law
    institutionalized aggression
    state preference
    private property order
    A13
    P17
    P26
    Z13
    Opis:
    The paper begins by emphasizing the fact that, on a historical scale, one can have several views of the relationship that has existed over time between ethics and capitalism, namely: missionary, ‘Nietzschean’, critical, and ‘regulatory’. It is argued that, nowadays, the capitalization of the contributions supplied, over time, by the four views embraces the form of two modern diametrically opposed perspectives, i.e.: on the one hand, there is the interpretation given by the neo-classical school of thought (mainstream economics) and, on the other hand, it comes to the interpretation given by the Austrian praxeological economic school (libertarian economics). The emphasis of the analysis is put on the assertions developed by the last one, libertarian thinking, that insists on the necessity to operate with a well-defined distinction between the legal level of the matter, the ethical level and the moral one. At the core of the libertarian analysis there is the understanding of the capitalist system being naturally impregnated by ethical values. And this intrinsic ethical nature of capitalism is organically bound to the sphere of the ownership-type relationship. In line with the understanding of the economic system, based on the institutions of the free market as representing ethical capitalism per se, the paper argues that the realities of the world today show governmental interventionism as a main factor that supports non-ethical economic behaviour. As a consequence, the more limited government intervention is, the greater the chance of ethical capitalism, that is, voluntary, non-conflictual and non-aggressive economic market relationships. Under such conditions, a ‘minimal state’ institutional arrangement (that is, the legitimate use of power by the state is limited to preventing fraud or the use of force; it does not include the power to tax or to confiscate property) is the basic condition for the existence of an ethical capitalism that works, which is to say that the chance of an economic system based on ethical values stands in people’s willingness to be part of such an evolution in society that aims to minimise the role of the state. Further, the paper argues that any historical analysis on how societies asserted such a willingness outlines the expression of a secular and unshaken option for growing rather than diminishing state involvement in the economy. It is about people’s perennial preference for the state, namely for the organization of society based on state interventionism (respectively, their preference for the coercive order imposed by the state authorities, order based, through its own nature, on the subjugation of private property and the aggression against individual freedom), with a preference for the government intervention over the organization of a society based on free market functioning (which is equivalent, in fact, to their rejection of a voluntarily and spontaneously non-violent order, based on the observance of private property and individual freedom, brought about by the free functioning of markets). In the last part of the paper there are put forward for discussion the possible explanations for this perennial preference for non-ethical capitalism, the analysis focusing on two directions: firstly, on that of social ontology; and then, on that of human psychology.
    Źródło:
    Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym; 2015, 18, 4
    1899-2226
    2353-4869
    Pojawia się w:
    Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Etyczne problemy w pracy na podstawie opinii pracowników wybranych banków
    Ethical Problems at Work in the Opinion of Employees of Selected Banks
    Autorzy:
    Rogowski, Robert
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/965163.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016-09-15
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
    Tematy:
    work in banking
    ethics at work
    banking
    work
    ethics
    A13
    G21
    M12
    M54
    Opis:
    The paper presents ethical problems of employees in selected banks in Poland. The theoretical part of the paper deals with codes of ethics in banking, especially those concerning the moral aspects of working in banking. The empirical part of the paper presents the results of research on the ethos of bank workers. Quantitative and qualitative analyses were carried out using a specialist Internet forum devoted to the banking sector. The study includes an analysis of hundreds of comments posted on an Internet forum.
    Źródło:
    Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym; 2016, 19, 3
    1899-2226
    2353-4869
    Pojawia się w:
    Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Cryptocurrency with a Conscience: Using Artificial Intelligence to Develop Money that Advances Human Ethical Values
    Autorzy:
    Gladden, Matthew E
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/652839.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015-12
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
    Tematy:
    cryptocurrency
    socially responsible investing
    payment systems
    business ethics
    economic cybernetics
    A13
    D14
    E22
    G21
    O33
    Opis:
    Cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin are offering new avenues for economic empowerment to individuals around the world. However, they also provide a powerful tool that facilitates criminal activities such as human trafficking and illegal weapons sales that cause great harm to individuals and communities. Cryptocurrency advocates have argued that the ethical dimensions of cryptocurrency are not qualitatively new, insofar as money has always been understood as a passive instrument that lacks ethical values and can be used for good or ill purposes. In this paper, we challenge such a presumption that money must be ‘value-neutral.’ Building on advances in artificial intelligence, cryptography, and machine ethics, we argue that it is possible to design artificially intelligent cryptocurrencies that are not ethically neutral but which autonomously regulate their own use in a way that reflects the ethical values of particular human beings – or even entire human societies. We propose a technological framework for such cryptocurrencies and then analyse the legal, ethical, and economic implications of their use. Finally, we suggest that the development of cryptocurrencies possessing ethical as well as monetary value can provide human beings with a new economic means of positively influencing the ethos and values of their societies.
    Źródło:
    Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym; 2015, 18, 4
    1899-2226
    2353-4869
    Pojawia się w:
    Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Społeczna odpowiedzialność biznesu
    Corporate social responsibility
    Autorzy:
    Wolska, Grażyna
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/693135.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
    Tematy:
    CSR
    neoliberalism
    socio-economic development
    business ethics
    morality
    JEL
    A13
    H7
    społeczna odpowiedzialność biznesu
    neoliberalizm
    rozwój społeczno-gospodarczy
    etyka w biznesie
    moralność
    Opis:
    The aim of the article is to present the socio-economic effects resulting from the neoliberal model that has been a dominant model in the last couple of decades. The main thesis is that the model has marginalised the social aspect of economics. Hence, economics today is searching for answers to new and old questions, including how to shape the economic regime in the framework of which economics as a discipline could serve not only a selected group of people but society as a whole. These expectations can be largely fulfilled by corporate social responsibility (CSR) that is based on ethics, morality, responsibility and solidity.
    Głównym celem pracy jest próba zaprezentowania następstw społeczno-gospodarczych powstałych w wyniku dominacji przez kilka dekad modelu neoliberalnego. Myślą przewodnią jest stwierdzenie, że tryumfujący od kilku dekad model neoliberalny zmarginalizował społeczny wymiar ekonomii. Ekonomia znajduje się współcześnie w stadium poszukiwania odpowiedzi na stare i nowe pytania. Dotyczą one również kierunku kształtowania ładu gospodarczego, w ramach którego ekonomia jako nauka służyłaby nie tylko wybranej grupie społecznej, ale całemu społeczeństwu. Oczekiwania te w dużym stopniu spełnić może idea społecznej odpowiedzialności biznesu, która opiera się na takich wartościach, jak etyka, moralność, odpowiedzialność i rzetelność.
    Źródło:
    Ruch Prawniczy, Ekonomiczny i Socjologiczny; 2018, 80, 1; 301-310
    0035-9629
    2543-9170
    Pojawia się w:
    Ruch Prawniczy, Ekonomiczny i Socjologiczny
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    EF1α is a suitable housekeeping gene for RT-qPCR analysis during osteogenic differentiation of mouse bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells
    Autorzy:
    Chen, Xingyun
    Zhang, Bo
    Zhao, Yan
    Liu, Ping
    Zhou, Yuanguo
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1039535.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Biochemiczne
    Tematy:
    EF1α; RGS4; 18S rRNA; RT-qPCR; RPL 13a; CCG-1986
    Opis:
    The expression of predominant housekeeping genes used in RT-qPCR can vary during development and differentiation. The frequently used housekeeping genes (ACTB, GAPDH, 18S rRNA, EF1α and RPL 13a) were evaluated during an early stage of the osteogenic differentiation of mouse bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (mMSCs) (under normal conditions or treated with CCG-4986) to identify housekeeping genes whose expression remained constant during osteogenic differentiation. When we used RGS4 mRNA, which was determined as copy number per μg of total RNA, to normalize gene expression, we observed that the relative EF1α expression profile was consistent with RGS4 expression after treatment with CCG-4986. All the relative expression profiles of the EF1α, 18S rRNA, and RPL13a housekeeping genes were consistent with RGS4 profiles determined by measuring mRNA copies under normal osteogenic differentiation conditions. The expression profiles calibrated by ACTB and GAPDH were not consistent with those determined using mRNA copy number in untreated cells or cells treated with CCG-4986 under osteogenic differentiation conditions. Under normal osteogenic differentiation conditions, EF1α, 18S rRNA, and RPL 13a are suitable housekeeping genes for RT-qPCR analysis. However, EF1α is the only suitable gene upon CCG-4986 treatment.
    Źródło:
    Acta Biochimica Polonica; 2013, 60, 3; 381-386
    0001-527X
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Biochimica Polonica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    S100A4 promotes invasion and angiogenesis in breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells by upregulating matrix metalloproteinase-13
    Autorzy:
    Wang, Lin
    Wang, Xingang
    Liang, Yu
    Diao, Xinying
    Chen, Qingfeng
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1039658.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2012
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Biochemiczne
    Tematy:
    S100A4
    MMP-13
    metastasis
    breast cancer
    Opis:
    S100A4 is a member of the S100 family of calcium-binding proteins that is directly involved in tumor metastasis. In the present study, we examined the potential role of S100A4 in metastasis in breast cancer and its relation with matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13). Analysis of 100 breast cancer specimens including 50 with and 50 without lymph node metastasis showed a significant upregulation of S100A4 and MMP-13 expression in metastatic breast cancer tissues. Positive immunoreactivity for S100A4 was associated with MMP-13 expression. Overexpression of S100A4 in the MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line upregulated MMP13 expression leading to increased cell migration and angiogenesis. SiRNA-mediated silencing of S100A4 downregulated MMP13 expression and suppressed cell migration and angiogenesis. Moreover, neutralization of MMP-13 activity with a specific antibody blocked cell migration and angiogenesis in MDA-MB-231/S100A4 cells. In vivo siRNA silencing of S100A4 significantly inhibited lung metastasis in transgenic mice. The present results suggest that the S100A4 gene may control the invasive potential of human breast cancer cells by modulating MMP-13 levels, thus regulating metastasis and angiogenesis in breast tumors. S100A4 could therefore be of value as a biomarker of breast cancer progression and a novel therapeutic target for human breast cancer treatment.
    Źródło:
    Acta Biochimica Polonica; 2012, 59, 4; 593-598
    0001-527X
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Biochimica Polonica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Urzędnicy dworscy biskupa płockiego Andrzeja herbu Ciołek (1254-1261). Przyczynek do badań nad dworami biskupimi w średniowiecznej Polsce
    The court officials of the Bishop of Płock, Andrzej of the Ciołek Coat of Arms (1254-1261). An article about research on bishop’s courts in medieval Poland
    Autorzy:
    Włodarski, Łukasz
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/783921.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II
    Tematy:
    dwór
    urzędnicy
    biskup
    Kościół
    Płock
    XIII w.
    court
    officials
    a bishop
    the Church
    13th century
    Opis:
    The following article aims to present court officials of the Ordinary Bishop of Płock, Andrzej Ciołek. However, due to a shortage of the sources and their laconic nature, this task is much more difficult. The surviving material reveals that the bishop’s closest circle comprised the people who satisfied his earthly needs, namely preparing meals, tables, sleeping chambers as well as managing bishop’s property. In addition, the bishop was represented by a prosecutor. There were also priests who probably worked in the church office, which enabled efficient management of the diocese.
    Prezentowany przyczynek stawia sobie za cel prezentację urzędników dworskich ordynariusza płockiego Andrzeja h. Ciołek, niemniej ze względu na szczupłość i lakoniczność przekazów źródeł jest to zadanie znacznie utrudnione. W świetle zachowanych materiałów wiadomo, że jego otoczenie składało się z osób, które dbały o zaspokojenie jego potrzeb doczesnych, tj. przygotowanie posiłków oraz stołu do ich spożywania, komnaty do spania, zarządzanie dobrami lub reprezentowanie biskupa przez osobę prokuratora, a także kapelanów będącymi prawdopodobnie pracownikami kancelarii, która umożliwiała sprawne zarządzanie diecezją.
    Źródło:
    Archiwa, Biblioteki i Muzea Kościelne; 2018, 110; 457-463
    0518-3766
    2545-3491
    Pojawia się w:
    Archiwa, Biblioteki i Muzea Kościelne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Zubosz-Kaliński Władysław (1891-1952) : życiorysy dowódców jednostek polskich w wojnie obronnej 1939 r
    Autorzy:
    Jurga, Tadeusz (1929- ).
    Powiązania:
    Obrona Polski 1939 / Tadeusz Jurga Warszawa, 1990 S. 838-839
    Współwytwórcy:
    Strzałkowski, Waldemar (1932- ). Opracowanie
    Tematy:
    Zubosz-.
    Kaliński Władysław.
    Zubosz-Kaliński Władysław.
    13 Rówieńska Dywizja Piechoty
    Armia "Prusy"
    Oflag VII A Murnau.
    Opis:
    Dca 13 DP w składzie Armii "Prusy". Jeniec oflagu VII A Murnau.
    Dostawca treści:
    Bibliografia CBW
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Sp1 mediates phorbol ester (PMA)-induced expression of membrane-bound guanylyl cyclase GC-A in human monocytic THP-1 cells
    Autorzy:
    Mitkiewicz, Małgorzata
    Bac, Bernadeta
    Kuropatwa, Marianna
    Kurowska, Ewa
    Matuszyk, Janusz
    Siednienko, Jakub
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1038369.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Biochemiczne
    Tematy:
    membrane-bound guanylyl cyclase type A
    phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate
    human monocytic cell line THP-1
    protein kinases
    Sp1 transcription factor
    Opis:
    Cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) is synthesized by two types of enzymes: particulate (membrane-bound) guanylyl cyclases (pGCs) and soluble (cytosolic) guanylyl cyclases (sGCs). sGCs are primarily activated by binding of nitric oxide to their prosthetic heme group while pGCs are activated by binding of peptide ligands to their extracellular domains. One of them, pGC type A (GC-A) is activated by atrial and brain natriuretic peptides (ANP and BNP, respectively). Human monocytes isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells have been found to display sGC expression without concomitant expression of GC-A. However, GC-A activity appears in monocytes under certain conditions but a molecular mechanism of GC-A expression is still poorly understood. In this report we show that phorbol ester (PMA) induces transcription of a gene encoding GC-A in human monocytic THP-1 cells. Moreover, we find that PMA-treated THP-1 cells raise cGMP content following treatment with ANP. Studies using pharmacological inhibitors of protein kinases suggest involvement of protein kinase C (PKC), mitogen extracellular kinases (MEK1/2), and extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK1/2) in PMA-induced expression of the GC-A encoding gene in THP-1 cells. Finally, we show that PMA stimulates binding of Sp1 transcription factor to GC-rich DNA sequences and mithramycin A (a selective Sp1 inhibitor) inhibits expression of the GC-A mRNA in PMA-treated THP-1 cells. Taken together, our findings suggest that the PMA-stimulated PKC and MEK/ERK signaling pathways induce Sp1-mediated transcription of the GC-A encoding gene in human monocytic THP-1 cells.
    Źródło:
    Acta Biochimica Polonica; 2018, 65, 3; 409-414
    0001-527X
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Biochimica Polonica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Polacy w Czechach, Czesi w Polsce X-XVIII wiek
    Współwytwórcy:
    Gmiterek, Henryk. Redakcja
    Iwańczak, Wojciech. Redakcja
    Data publikacji:
    2004
    Wydawca:
    Lublin : Wydaw. Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej
    Tematy:
    Międzynarodowa Konferencja Naukowa nt.: Polacy w Czechach, Czesi w Polsce X-XVIII wiek (11-13.10.2002; Okuninka, woj. lubelskie)
    Opis:
    Mater. z konferencji, Okuninka 11-13 października 2002. --- Tekst częśc. czes., ukr.
    Dostawca treści:
    Bibliografia CBW
    Książka
    Tytuł:
    Mowa misyjna Jezusa (Mt 10,1-11,1). Realizacja kerygmatu w liturgii
    The Missionary Discourse of Jesus (Mt 10, 1-11,1). The Realization of the Kerygma in the Liturgy
    Autorzy:
    Chrzanowski, Damian
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1790612.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021-10-07
    Wydawca:
    Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II. Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL
    Tematy:
    Mowa misyjna
    liturgia
    homilista
    kerygmat XI, XII i XIII niedzieli w ciągu roku cyklu A
    homilia
    Mission Discourse
    liturgy
    homilist
    kerygma of the 11th, 12th and 13th Sunday in the A year cycle
    homily
    Opis:
    Homilia, jako akt liturgiczny, ma na celu ukierunkowanie wiernych do doświadczenia pełnej mocy zbawczej słowa Bożego. W tym właściwie ujawnia się mistagogiczna funkcja homilii, która nie może zostać pominięta. Niniejszy artykuł podejmuje zagadnienie liturgicznej aktualizacji kerygmatu Mowy misyjnej. W pierwszej kolejności ukazuje liturgię jako miejsce doświadczenia mocy zbawczej słowa Bożego obecnego w misteriach Chrystusa. Następnie prezentuje Komunię św. jako moment dostąpienia zbawczej łaski misterium, aby ostatecznie zinterpretować i powiązać kerygmat Mowy misyjnej ze znakami liturgicznymi, które mają pomóc uczestnikom celebracji odkryć obecność misterium Chrystusa w Mowie misyjnej. Wskazane zagadnienia mogą stanowić merytoryczną podstawę dalszego rozwoju teologii liturgii oraz praktycznego zastosowania szeroko pojętych znaków liturgicznych w kontekście przepowiadania homilijnego.
    As a liturgical act, the homily aims to direct the faithful to experience the full saving power of the Word of God. This, in fact, reveals the mystagogical function of the homily that cannot be ignored. This article deals with the issue of the liturgical actualization of the kerygma of the missionary discourse. First, he presents the liturgy as a place to experience the saving power of the Word of God, present in the mysteries of Christ. Then he presents Holy Communion as a moment of accessing the saving grace of the mystery, in order to finally interpret and connect the kerygma of the missionary discourse with liturgical signs that are to help the participants of the celebration discover the presence of the mystery of Christ in the missionary discourse. The indicated issues may constitute the substantive basis for the further development of liturgical theology and the practical application of broadly understood liturgical signs in the context of homily proclamation.
    Źródło:
    Roczniki Teologiczne; 2021, 68, 8; 15-28
    2353-7272
    Pojawia się w:
    Roczniki Teologiczne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Świadomość językowa i poczucie tożsamości regionalnej wśród uczniów wybranych szkół ze Świecia n. Wisłą
    Language awareness and the sense of regional identity among the students of the selected schools from Świecie on the Vistula river
    Autorzy:
    Łucarz, Anna
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/626993.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Gdański. Wydział Filologiczny
    Tematy:
    language awareness
    the sense of regional identity
    he students of the selected schools from Świecie on the Vistula river
    a report of research
    pitch awareness dialect
    one of the determinant of regional identity
    conducted interviews and questionnaires
    the picture of the “typical” Kociewianin
    the regional question and Kociewie
    the perspective of his young residents
    group of people in age of 13-18
    świadomość językowa
    poczucie tożsamości regionalnej
    uczniowie wybranych szkół ze Świecia n. Wisłą
    zastosowana analiza
    znajomość gwarowej leksyki
    istotny składnik tożsamości regionalnej
    przeprowadzone wywiady i ankiety
    obraz "typowego" Kociewiaka
    kwestie regionalne i Kociewie
    młodzi mieszkańcy południowego Kociewia
    młodzież w wieku 13-18 lat
    Opis:
    This article is an effort answers for the question of regional identity pupils of secondary and high school in the Świecie. It is a report of research to verify pitch awareness dialect which is one of the determinant of regional identity. Conducted interviews and questionnaires show the picture of the “typical” Kociewianin and look for the regional question and Kociewie from the perspective of his young residents. Exploration was perform in group of people in age of 13-18.
    Źródło:
    Język - Szkoła - Religia; 2013, 8, 2; 174-187
    2080-3400
    Pojawia się w:
    Język - Szkoła - Religia
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Ocena uszczerbku doznanego wskutek przekroczenia granic umownego zezwolenia na reklamowe wykorzystanie wizerunku
    Assessment of the damage suffered as a result of an infringement of the agreed scope of the use of an image in advertising purposes
    Autorzy:
    Grzeszak, Teresa
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/693614.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
    Tematy:
    Judgment of the Warsaw Court of Appeal of 27 July 2014
    VI ACa1657/13
    image
    right to an image
    right to an economic use of an image
    use of an image for advertising purposes
    unjust enrichment
    damage
    compensation
    infringement of a right to an image
    wyrok SA w Warszawie z 27.07.2014
    sprawa Gortata
    wizerunek
    prawo do wizerunku
    prawo do gospodarczego wykorzystania wizerunku
    reklamowe wykorzystanie wizerunku
    bezpodstawne wzbogacenie
    wydanie uzyskanych korzyści
    zubożenie uprawnionego
    Opis:
    This article presents the evolution of the Polish case law concerning protection of an image in the event of a breach of contract regarding the time and place of the use of an image. So far, courts in Poland have only awarded compensation for the personal injury. Recently, the Warsaw Court of Appeal (29.07.2014, VI ACa 1657/13) awarded damages in the amount corresponding to remuneration owed for an unconsented use (lucrum cessans) of an image. The most important statement of the Court concerns the qualification of this payable sum being due for an enrichment at the expense of the depleted. This means that the Court recognised a possibility of unjust enrichment at the expense of a person entitled to the right of an image being a subject of a personal right. The article deals with consequences of this recent judgment for the perception ofthis right as a personal right with economic value, but not as a property right. It is suggested that the right to use an image in advertising should be treated as a publicity right (property right).
    Artykuł omawia skutki reklamowego wykorzystania wizerunku poza granicami umownego zezwolenia. Na tle wcześniejszego orzecznictwa przedstawiony został przełomowy wyrok Sądu Apelacyjnego w Warszawie z 29 lipca 2014 r. (VI ACa 1657/13) i jego skutki dla ochrony dóbr osobistych w Polsce. Po raz pierwszy w Polsce sąd zasądził wynagrodzenie za bezprawne wykorzystanie zamiast zwykle zasądzanego zadośćuczynienia. Sąd Apelacyjny nazwał to wynagrodzenie korzyściami (zaoszczędzonym wynagrodzeniem) uzyskanymi kosztem zubożonego. Autorka zwraca uwagę, że hipotetyczne wynagrodzenie, obliczone jako lucrum cessans, różnić się może od wysokości wynagrodzenia odpowiadającego rynkowej wartości korzystania z danego wizerunku. Przyznawanie takiego wynagrodzenia jako wydania uzyskanych korzyści będzie możliwe tylko w odniesieniu do naruszeń niektórych dóbr osobistych. Autorka omawia ponadto skutki wykorzystania w reklamie innych niż umówiono wizerunków kontrahenta, w powiązaniu z dwoma rozumieniami wizerunku (w art. 23 k.c. i art. 81 ustawy o prawie autorskim i prawach pokrewnych).
    Źródło:
    Ruch Prawniczy, Ekonomiczny i Socjologiczny; 2015, 77, 2; 47-60
    0035-9629
    2543-9170
    Pojawia się w:
    Ruch Prawniczy, Ekonomiczny i Socjologiczny
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Pierwsze nadanie Medalu Dnia Pamięci Ofiar Zbrodni Katyńskiej 8 kwietnia 2008 r : Postanowienie Rady Polskiej Fundacji Katyńskiej.
    Powiązania:
    Zbrodnia katyńska : naród państwo rodzina Warszawa, 2009 S. 253-291
    Data publikacji:
    2009
    Tematy:
    Roginskij, Arsenij
    Wałęsa, Lech (1943- )
    Głódź, Sławoj Leszek (1945- )
    Kaczyński, Lech (1949-2010)
    Komorowski, Bronisław (1952- )
    Buzek, Jerzy (1940- )
    Olszewski, Jan.
    Zawodny, Janusz K.
    Król, Zdzisław
    Tucholski, Jędrzej
    Maćkowiak, Emilia J.
    Macedoński, Adam
    Treteckij, Aleksandr
    Lebedeva, Natal'â S.
    Dusiewicz, Włodzimierz
    žborovskaâ, Inessa S.
    Melak, Stefan (1946-2010)
    Demszky, Gabor
    Tarlos, Istvan
    Łojek, Bożena
    Wajda, Andrzej (1926-2016)
    Skąpski, Andrzej
    Gruner-Żarnoch, Ewa
    Wierzbowski, Artur
    Warszawa. Zamek Królewski. Sala Koncertowa zjazdy i konferencje 2009 r.
    Polska Fundacja Katyńska
    Publiczne Gimnazjum im. Ofiar Katynia (Piątnica)
    Rada Ochrony Pamięci Walk i Męczeństwa 2008 r.
    Stowarzyszenie "Memoriał" 2008 r.
    Gimnazjum nr 16 (Łódź)
    Ośrodek Karta (Warszawa)
    Muzeum Katyńskie (Warszawa) 2008 r.
    Medal "Dnia Pamięci Ofiar Zbrodni Katyńskiej. 13 kwietnia" odznaczeni 2008 r.
    Dzień Pamięci ofiar Zbrodni Katyńskiej obchody Warszawa 2008 r.
    Opis:
    Zawiera również listę odznaczonych oraz dyplomy i podziękowania (Jerzego Buzka, dyr. Publicznego Gimnazjum im. Ofiar Katynia w Piątnicy - Artura Wierzbowskiego, prof.dr.hab. Inessy S. Jażborowskiej, Natalii Lebedevej, Arsenija Roginskiego).
    Fot.
    Dostawca treści:
    Bibliografia CBW
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-53 z 53

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