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Tytuł:
BOBOLANA 1938 – oprawa uroczystości związanych ze sprowadzeniem do Warszawy relikwii św. Andrzeja Boboli
BOBOLANA 1938 – the ceremonial settings of the return of St. Andrzej Bobola’s relics to Warsaw
Autorzy:
Kolendo-Korczak, Katarzyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2082099.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
canonization ceremonies
20th Century religious ceremonies
20th Century occasional decorations
state ceremony
20th Century Polish culture
Opis:
Although he was only recognized as the patron saint of Poland by the Vatican in 2002, St. Andrzej Bobola was accorded a cult follow- ing much earlier than this, and venerated as the saint protector of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. He was seen as a special defender against the threat from first Tsarist Russia, then Orthodox Russia, then the Soviet Union – the Blessed’s intercession was associated with the victory of the Battle of Warsaw in 1920. For this reason, his beatification and canonization were part of political discourse. Andrzej Bobola’s relics were originally stored in the Jesuit church in Pińsk, moved to Połock after its closure, and were taken to the Hygienic Exhibition in Moscow in 1922. Recovered thanks to the Pope’s intervention in 1924, they were taken to the Il Gesù Church in Rome. By the 1920s, Polish church authorities were already making efforts to canonize Andrzej Bobola and return his relics to Poland. Several Polish cities tried to obtain the saint’s remains, including Vilnius, Warsaw, Pińsk and even Janów Poleski. The canonization, which took place on 17 April 1938, in particular the ceremonial return of the relics of St. Andrzej Bobola to Warsaw in June 1938, took the form of a great religious and patriotic demonstration. It was accompanied by numerous ceremonies in which the highest church and state authorities participated, with extensive paratheatrical scripts, as well as specially designed decorations and music composed for the occasion. The press reported these in great detail, constituting a fascinating case of an event of both great religious significance and broad political context.
Źródło:
Rocznik Historii Sztuki; 2020, 45; 185-195
0080-3472
Pojawia się w:
Rocznik Historii Sztuki
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Rok 1933. Oprawa obchodów 400. rocznicy urodzin Stefana Batorego i 250-lecia Odsieczy Wiedeńskiej na Kresach Wschodnich
1933. The ceremonial setting of the 400th birthday of Stefan Batory and the 250th anniversary of the Relief of Vienna in the Borderlands
Autorzy:
Zgliński, Marcin
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2082100.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
20th Century religious ceremonies
20th Century occasional decorations
state ceremony
political iconography
historical politics
20th Century Polish culture
Opis:
The year 1933, which marked the 15th anniversary of Polish independence, also saw the celebrations of the 400th birthday of Stefan Batory and the 250th anniversary of the Relief of Vienna led by King Jan III Sobieski. Both events allowed for a wide campaign of pro- paganda for the Sanation movement’s updated political programme, clad in historical analogies, especially in the context of Eastern policy. For this reason, the ceremonies organized in the Borderlands, a particular lieux de mémoire associated with great kings, who were seen in official historical politics as natural harbingers of Józef Piłsudski, took on a special character. This provided an excellent opportunity for the propaganda of the Polish civilizing mission in the East and the promotion of the idea of Poland as a superpower. The main ceremonies com- memorating Stefan Batory were organized in Grodno, where the monarch died in the historic castle in 1586. These celebrations, broadcast by radio and widely reported by the press, were attended by President Ignacy Mościcki and many national and local dignitaries, ministers, senators, deputies, voivodes, bishops, generals etc. Lavish occasional decorations, saturated with specific symbolism, were set up as modern- ized late 16th-century architectural stylizations. The activities of the Grodno Castle reconstruction committee were officially inaugurated on the 350th anniversary of Batory’s death. Even more magnificent were the two-day festivities commemorating the Victory at Vienna organized in Olesko, which overshadowed the central celebrations in Kraków. The programme of the ceremony proclaimed that “a deed of European importance – by King Jan III and the then-superpower Poland – must be reflected by a programme of celebrations of its 250-year anniver- sary on a superpower scale”. An extensive open-air spectacle was organized with the participation of thousands of extras, including soldiers in historical costumes, several hundred fire brigades, scouts and aviation squadrons. Particularly spectacular was the especially arranged musical performance combined with night illuminations. These celebrations were enhanced by other accompanying events such as the Star Automobile and Motorcycle Rally and the sightseeing rally On the Trail of Sobieski. In other Borderland towns such as Tarnopol the jubilee was celebrated on a smaller scale, where a number of outdoor events were organized under the umbrella name Harvest Festival of King Jan III and the Arrival of the Austrian Emperor’s Legation with a Request for the Relief of Vienna.
Źródło:
Rocznik Historii Sztuki; 2020, 45; 171-183
0080-3472
Pojawia się w:
Rocznik Historii Sztuki
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Funkcje społeczne „wrogiej propagandy pisanej” w latach 1965–1975 na przykładach z archiwum krakowskiej bezpieki
Social functions of the „enemy written propaganda” in the years 1965–1975 based on the examples from the Cracow security forces archives
Autorzy:
Konieczna, Maria
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/557479.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Pedagogiczny im. Komisji Edukacji Narodowej w Krakowie
Tematy:
propaganda
Polska
20th century
Opis:
Many of the operational reports concerning so-called „enemy written propaganda” are still in the archives of the Cracow security forces. The most of such cases come from the late 1960s and early 1970s. The preserved materials are a testimony of the growth of the anticommunist opposition for bold actions in 1976 and later. Leaflets distribution, writing on the walls, sending anonymous letters were those spaces of freedom that were willingly cultivated by the defiant. The inscriptions were written on the walls, trains and trams, the leaflets were scattered in the streets, in the parks, dormitories, cafés, the anonymous letters were sent. The collected testimonies of the anonymous street slogans against communist government show how grand organisational problem they were for the officers of Security Service of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. Rising social opposition soon resulted in strikes and riots in Radom and establishment of the first legal opposition
Źródło:
Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis Studia ad Bibliothecarum Scientiam Pertinentia; 2012, 10; 124-138
2081-1861
2300-3057
Pojawia się w:
Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis Studia ad Bibliothecarum Scientiam Pertinentia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Koronacja obrazu Matki Boskiej Pocieszenia w kościele Jezuitów we Lwowie w 1905 roku
The 1905 coronation of the icon of Our Lady of Consolation in the Jesuit Church in Lviv
Autorzy:
Betlej, Andrzej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2082098.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
20th Century religious ceremonies
20th Century occasional decorations
Marian iconography
cult of the images
cult image
20th Century Polish culture
Opis:
The article discusses the artistic setting of the largest religious ceremony of the beginning of the 20th century, the coronation of the icon of Our Lady of Consolation in the Church of St. Peter and Paul in Lviv. The painting itself was considered to be one of the palladiums of the city, as in 1656, during the Swedish Deluge, the papal nuncio Vidoni first uttered the call to the “Queen of the Polish Crown” in front of this Marian image, in the presence of King Jan Kazimierz and the court. In 1904, on the occasion of the jubilee of the announcement of the Dogma of the Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary, the Mar- ian Congress took place in Lviv, and in that same year the decision was made to create new crowns for the painting of the Mother of God and Baby Jesus. A committee, composed of representatives from the aristocracy and bourgeoisie of the city, was set up to raise the appropriate funds, and the then Archbishop of Lviv, Józef Bilczewski, was asked to perform the solemn coronation. An artistic and technical committee was also established, which included the architect Teodor Talowski (chairman), Antoni Popiel, Andrzej Romaszkan, Tadeusz Czapelski and Karol Richtmann, who made the decision to transform the altar where the painting was placed and to convert the area of the church bay into a distinct chapel. The works were led by Karol Richtmann, the altar was renovated by the painter Karol Domański, and the new bronze antependium was designed by Antoni Popiel. The bolt with the depiction of Our Lady of the Immaculate Conception was made by the sculptor Piotr Wójtowicz. The icon of the Virgin Mary itself was restored by Henryk Kühn. The chapel vault was decorated with paintings by Tadeusz Popiel, and its space was separated from the rest of the church by a grid made according to a project by Alfred Zachariewicz. Antoni Popiel designed golden crowns and a new dress for the figures of the Mother of God and Baby Jesus, made by the goldsmith and jeweller Jan Wojtych. The Committee also commissioned new stained glass windows for the chapel from the Kraków workshop of Stanisław Ekielski and Antoni Tuch. The main work was completed in July 1905. On 12 February 1905, a coronation decree was issued in Rome, and Archbishop Bilczewski was appointed to perform the coronation act. On 28 April 1905, another decree was issued recognizing the antiquity and miraculousness of the painting, and the ceremony was sched- uled for 28th May. The church façade, side elevation and interior were decorated extensively, while the focal point was prepared for receiving the painting – “The Gothic golden throne with motifs from the tomb of Kazimierz the Great”. The decorations were designed by Stanisław Jasieński, a re- nowned painter and theatre decorator of the time. The streets and squares which the coronation procession went through were also adorned. The ceremony was very carefully planned and directed; it was attended by the clergy of the three Christian rites, local authorities and representatives of all social strata. When analyzing the coronation ceremonies, it is important to underline their considerable reliance on the schemes of corona- tions of Marian images which took place on Polish territory in the 18th century. The tradition of the last Marian coronation, of a painting from the Dominican Church in Lviv in 1751, was strongly referred to and accentuated in occasional prints that accompanied this solemn act. The reference to old Polish coronations can be seen in numerous occasional prints, in reporting on the course of the ceremony, as well as in the extensive de- scriptions and texts of sermons published. This ceremony had an exceptional social and national dimension, as it was the first such coronation in the former Polish lands since the loss of independence, and the most important ceremony before the outbreak of the First World War. Not without significance in this context was the underlined similarity of forms between the coronation throne and the canopy over the tombstone of Kazimierz the Great in the Kraków Cathedral, or the calling of one crown as Kazimierzowska and the other Jagiellońska. The new artistic remodeling of the Chapel of Our Lady in the Jesuit Church was a prelude to the renovation of the remaining altars in the church. The coronation ceremony and the restoration of the chapel gathered together the most important artists of the early 19th century working for the Church patronage in the capital of Galicia. The chapel designed by Teodor Talowski successfully combines an 18th -century retabulum with paintings by Tadeusz Popiel, being probably the last example of a true Baroque bel composto.
Źródło:
Rocznik Historii Sztuki; 2020, 45; 163-170
0080-3472
Pojawia się w:
Rocznik Historii Sztuki
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Jewish public libraries in interwar Poland
Autorzy:
Biesaga, Monika
Kisilowska, Małgorzata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/471957.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-04-19
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydział Dziennikarstwa, Informacji i Bibliologii
Tematy:
Jewish libraries
Polska
20th century
Opis:
This article presents the genesis and the organizational structure of the Jewish public libraries (also referred to as secular or modern in the literature) in interwar Poland (1918-1939). The origins of these institutions date back to the 19th century and are associated with the Haskalah movement. Due to the strong opposition of the Orthodox Jews and local authorities, the majority of the first libraries were established secretly and run illegally on private premises. Against what were then the odds, progress prevailed and the libraries flourished in the interwar period. In 1937 it was estimated that there were approximately 1,000 Jewish public libraries in Poland.
Źródło:
Z Badań nad Książką i Księgozbiorami Historycznymi; 2019, Tom specjalny: Dla Niepodległej / Special Issue: For an Independent Poland; 153-167
1897-0788
2544-8730
Pojawia się w:
Z Badań nad Książką i Księgozbiorami Historycznymi
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Powrót MELiSa. Ideologizacja bibliotek publicznych w świetle dokumentów archiwalnych z lat 1956–1958
Back Melis. Ideology of public libraries in the light of archival documents from the years 1956-1958
Autorzy:
Dróżdż, Andrzej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/557614.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Pedagogiczny im. Komisji Edukacji Narodowej w Krakowie
Tematy:
public libraries
history
20th century
Opis:
Niedługo po XX Zjeździe KPZR nastąpiły zmiany destalinizacyjne we wszystkich państwach „bloku socjalistycznego”. Biblioteki publiczne okaleczone akcjami oczyszczania księgozbiorów z dzieł podlegających natychmiastowemu usunięciu na próżno upominały się o ich zwrot w Centralnym Zarządzie Bibliotek Ministerstwa Kultury i Sztuki (pisma nr 1–4). Na początku 1958 roku bibliotekarzom rozesłano Wskazówki w sprawie postępowania z drukami zbędnymi (pismo nr 5), zabraniające pozbywania się podstawowych dzieł Marksa, Engelsa, Lenina i Stalina. Bibliotekarzy ponownie starano się wykorzystać w propagandowej grze prowadzonej przez ideologów Polski Ludowej ze społeczeństwem
Źródło:
Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis Studia ad Bibliothecarum Scientiam Pertinentia; 2012, 10; 139-150
2081-1861
2300-3057
Pojawia się w:
Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis Studia ad Bibliothecarum Scientiam Pertinentia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Jan Lechoń’s and Kazimierz Wierzyński’s Letters (Some Comments Based on the Critical Edition)
Autorzy:
Dorosz, Beata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2030655.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-02-21
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Rzeszowski. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego
Tematy:
Lechoń Jan
Wierzyński Kazimierz
epistolography – 20th century
editing
emigration – 20th century
ephemeral poetry
occasional poem
Opis:
This paper presents the problems faced by an editor preparing a correspondence dialogue between Jan Lechoń and Kazimierz Wierzyński (237 letters,mainly handwritten, from the years 1941-1956) for a critical edition, such as: its completeness, dating, or the challenge of deciphering the manuscripts. The paper signals some of the appearing motifs and problems in the letters, making an initial attempt to interpret them in the context of both authors’ biographies, as well as historical events (especially the experience of emigration). Moreover, it contains seventeen short poetic pieces written by both poets (poems, epigrams and trifles) which may be found on the pages of those letters. They have been transcribed from the manuscripts and then edited, therefore appearing in print for the very first time in the Polish version of this article in 2011.
Źródło:
Tematy i Konteksty; 2020, 1; 519-541
2299-8365
Pojawia się w:
Tematy i Konteksty
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Loneliness over a Piece of Paper. Maria Dąbrowska as an Epistolographer
Autorzy:
Głębicka, Ewa
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2030652.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-02-21
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Rzeszowski. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego
Tematy:
Dąbrowska Maria
epistolography – 20th century
editing
Opis:
The article discusses Maria Dąbrowska’s vast correspondence, which complete, in a way, her Dzienniki [Journals] , constituting very valuable biographicalmaterial, so far published only in selected fragments. Among many of her sets of letters, the most interesting ones are those exchanged with her husband, Marian Dąbrowski, her partner, Stanisław Stempowski, and later on with his son, Jerzy, as well as with her very close friend and partner, Anna Kowalska. This article discusses the most important sets of letters from and to Dąbrowska, indicating their historical value and biographical significance.
Źródło:
Tematy i Konteksty; 2020, 1; 470-487
2299-8365
Pojawia się w:
Tematy i Konteksty
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
„A jakby tak zboczyć, to co?” Homoerotyzm męskich postaci literackich w wybranych utworach prozaików polskich
Autorzy:
Jadowska, Sabina
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/631250.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
HOMOEROTICISM
20th CENTURY
POLISH PROSE
BIOGRAPHISM
Opis:
The authoress analyses the notion of homoeroticism, as one of the themes found in the prose work of 20th century Polish authors: Stanisław Ignacy Witkiewicz, Jerzy Andrzejewski, Jarosław Iwaszkiewicz and Marek Hłasko. The article is an attempt to describe the relations that the characters in selected works enter into, shifting the former meaning of the notion of homoeroticism from the sphere of purely sexual fascination towards the psychological need of bond building between incisive male characters. Literature on the subject makes it evident that the homoerotic interests of the discussed authors were not limited to the world of fiction they created, but were clearly present in their biographies, which allows one to find a key to the analysis of their works as well.    
Źródło:
Studia Europaea Gnesnensia; 2012, 6; 139-152
2082-5951
Pojawia się w:
Studia Europaea Gnesnensia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Dzieje szkolnictwa gromady Mścice (1954–1972) na tle przemian oświatowych
The History of the Educational System in Mścice Commune (1954–1972) Against the Background of Educational Transformations
Autorzy:
Skonieczny, Tomasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/955161.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
Educational System, Mścice, Poland 20th Century
Opis:
On the basis of the archival material, the article presents the process of formation and development of Polish schools in Mścice commune against the background of the post-war educational transformations in Poland (until 1972). The author focuses on the problems that accompanied the transformations, such as: the lack of the teaching personnel (especially qualified), numerous changes of offices, the insufficiency of funds, of equipment and housing as well as the subordination of schools to the communist ideology which dominated in Poland at that time. Furthermore, the article presents the reforms connected with the educational system between 1954–1972 and their impact upon the teaching personnel and the material base. The final caesura of the article coincides with the end of Mścice commune.
Źródło:
Biuletyn Historii Wychowania; 2011, 27; 101-125
1233-2224
Pojawia się w:
Biuletyn Historii Wychowania
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Tonality and Neoclassicism in Stravinsky’s Sonata for Piano, Mvt. 2 (1924)
Autorzy:
Ballengee, Christopher
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2122170.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-11-01
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
Neoclassicism
modernism
20 th century
piano
tonality
Opis:
Igor Stravinsky’s Sonata for Piano is an often overlooked yet important artifact of the composer’s neoclassicism. his treatment of tonality in the second movement is both literally and aurally more conventional than one might first guess. Stravinsky’s reliance on convention points to an ideology of continuity, one that honors the legacy of beethoven and other heroes. In doing so, Stravinsky’s Sonata brings forward old ideas wrought in new ways for a modern era. This essay examines ways of thinking about Stravinsky’s neoclassic style through analysis of the second movement of the Sonata focusing on the use of post-tonal techniques to create surprisingly tonal music.
Źródło:
Interdisciplinary Studies in Musicology; 2021, 21; 9-21
1734-2406
Pojawia się w:
Interdisciplinary Studies in Musicology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Rembrandtowska Lekcja anatomii doktora Tulpa w poetyckich ujęciach Grochowiaka, Kaczmarskiego i Dehnela
Rembrandt’s anatomy Lesson of Dr. Tulp in poetic depictions by Grochowiak, Kaczmarski and Dehnel
Autorzy:
Dulko, Katarzyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/40257029.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet w Białymstoku. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku
Tematy:
Ekphrasis
painting
20th century poetry
stylistics
Opis:
The main purpose of the paper is the linguistic analysis of poetic works that refer to Rembrandt’s painting The Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Tulp in different ways, but also with different intensity. The ways were extracted of translating the painter’s signs into linguistic signs, and the methods were presented by which the stylistics, craftsmanship and concept of the artist‑painter can be conveyed through words. One of the objectives of the work was also to determine the commonalities and differences between the paintings and the poems, which were based on the same iconographic theme.
Źródło:
Białostockie Archiwum Językowe; 2022, 22; 27-45
1641-6961
Pojawia się w:
Białostockie Archiwum Językowe
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The style forms of public utility buildings in the first half of 20th century in Poland
Formy stylistyczne budynków użyteczności publicznej w pierwszej połowie XX wieku w Polsce
Autorzy:
Borcz, Z.
Borcz, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/40896.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Szkoła Główna Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie. Wydawnictwo Szkoły Głównej Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie
Tematy:
Polska
20th century
architecture
public utility building
Źródło:
Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Architectura; 2011, 10, 3
1644-0633
Pojawia się w:
Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Architectura
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
„Ach, jakże cudowne jest życie!” Tunezyjskie fascynacje Aline Réveillaud de Lens: przestrzeń
“Ah, Life is Wonderful!”: Tunisian Fascinations by Aline Réveillaud de Lens (Space)
Autorzy:
Sokołowicz, Małgorzata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1506729.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-12-30
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet w Białymstoku. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku
Tematy:
diary
Tunisia
space
20th-century travel literature
Opis:
The present paper concentrates on the descriptions of Tunisia in the diary by Aline Réveillaud de Lens (1881–1925), a French painter and writer who in 1911, shortly after her marriage, came to live in Tunis. Reluctant to French norms and conventions, de Lens sees Tunisia as an ideal, fascinating land where she may finally be happy. This fascination is reflected in her descriptions of spaces which are to be analysed through the prism of geocriticism in three movements: Tunisia as a land of light and colours, Tunisian symbolic spaces – desert and oasis, and stereotypical Oriental spaces – palace, harem and hammam.
Źródło:
Białostockie Studia Literaturoznawcze; 2019, 15; 193-205
2082-9701
2720-0078
Pojawia się w:
Białostockie Studia Literaturoznawcze
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Mniejszość muzułmańska w Bułgarii
Autorzy:
Popek, Krzysztof
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/540247.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Geopolityczne
Tematy:
Bulgaria
Muslim Minority
20th Century
Balkan History
Opis:
Według danych z 2011 roku, mniejszość muzułmańska w Bułgarii stanowi około 10% populacji tego kraju (577 139)1. Składają się na nią reprezentanci narodowości tureckiej, ale także Pomacy (czyli bułgarskojęzyczni mahometanie), Romowie oraz Tatarzy, choć – ze względu na specyficzny rozwój tożsamości tej grupy wyznaniowej na Bałkanach oraz doświadczenia przymusowej bułgaryzacji – podziały te są złożone i płynne. Obecność tak licznej mniejszości wyznaniowej w państwie, które do połowy XX wieku podkreślało swój ścisły związek z prawosławiem, a nieprzerwalnie prezentowało się jako homogeniczne pod względem struktury narodowościowej, rodziło wiele problemów, konfliktów oraz wyzwań w przeciągu nowej historii Bułgarii (aktualnych do dnia dzisiejszego). W niniejszym artykule pragnę się skupić na kluczowych zagadnieniach związanych z egzystencją muzułmanów na tym obszarze w przeciągu XX wieku: nad przejawami antyislamskiej polityki władz bułgarskich pod postacią zarówno wielkich akcji przymusowej bułgaryzacji i wysiedleń, stałych działaniach związanych z dyskryminacją tej mniejszości, źródeł tej polityki na polu kulturowym, a także współczesnej sytuacji wyznawców islamu w Republice Bułgarii po upadku komunizmu.
The paper is about the main problems of the policy of Bulgaria toward the Muslim minority since the beginning of 20th century till the present days. First of all, there is the analysis of the biggest assimilation action of the Muslims: in 1912, in 1942 and in the 1980s, during which Bulgaria tried to reduce the number of Muslims in the state (or even cleared out) by changing names from Arabic and Turkish to Bulgarian, forced Christianization and displacement. However they were not the only activities against that minority, which was discriminated since the creation of Bulgarian state in 1878. The roots of that policy are connected with the image of Islam and the “Turkish yoke” in Bulgarian national consciousness and culture, which defines representatives of the Muslims as “Islamized Bulgarians” and “traitors”. After the fall of communism and the democratic transformation in Bulgaria, the situation of the Muslim minority has significantly changed, which is connected with activity of the party, which represented their interests in the political scene, Movement for Rights and Freedoms and an affiliation of that Balkan state to European Union.
Źródło:
Przegląd Geopolityczny; 2015, 14; 71-85
2080-8836
2392-067X
Pojawia się w:
Przegląd Geopolityczny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 724

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